EP1839399A1 - Program diversity - Google Patents
Program diversityInfo
- Publication number
- EP1839399A1 EP1839399A1 EP05813614A EP05813614A EP1839399A1 EP 1839399 A1 EP1839399 A1 EP 1839399A1 EP 05813614 A EP05813614 A EP 05813614A EP 05813614 A EP05813614 A EP 05813614A EP 1839399 A1 EP1839399 A1 EP 1839399A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- data content
- data
- signals
- received
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100495769 Caenorhabditis elegans che-1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/44—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
- H04B7/0817—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with multiple receivers and antenna path selection
- H04B7/082—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with multiple receivers and antenna path selection selecting best antenna path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/12—Frequency diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/442—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
- H04N21/44209—Monitoring of downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. bandwidth variations of a wireless network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
- H04N21/462—Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities
- H04N21/4622—Retrieving content or additional data from different sources, e.g. from a broadcast channel and the Internet
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for receiving high-frequency signals via one or more antennas according to the features of the respective preambles of the independent claims.
- Diversity methods and devices for the mobile reception of high-frequency signals, in particular for the signal reception in vehicles are known.
- high-frequency analog signals which include television programs in particular, with a diversity receiver
- Such a reception method enables the continuous reception and tracking of a television program while driving with the vehicle through different transmission areas, within a transmission area a transmitter is present, which broadcasts the television program at a certain frequency, wherein the frequency of the one transmission area of the radiated frequency one or more other transmission areas.
- This method in which the receiver can receive one and the same transmitter once at a certain frequency and also at other frequencies of different transmission ranges, are known and are referred to as frequency diversity.
- the reception characteristics deteriorate, with the result that the signal properties of the further transmission area improve as it moves from one to another transmission area, so that this criterion is used is no longer based on the previous frequency, but on the other, better to receive the same frequency.
- the transition criterion from the one to the further frequency of a transmitter with the same program content are the signal properties during the transition from one transmission area to another transmission area.
- high-frequency digital signals are also broadcast in Europe, in particular, which are received by appropriately trained receivers. These digital high-frequency signals are likewise emitted by transmitters located in a transmission area, so that it is also necessary here to receive the transmitter (with the same program content) while receiving these digital high-frequency signals during the transition from one transmission area to another transmission area, but by one Transmitter whose signals have been received so far, to switch to another station, which is now to receive the signals.
- the criterion "signal property" is also used as a switchover criterion, and other criteria such as error rate (bit error rate) can be used.
- the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method and apparatus for receiving high-frequency signals in vehicles, in which the currently received program contents are maintained in a change from one coverage area to another coverage area and the change is fast and imperceptible.
- the method provides, on the one hand, for the signals received by the at least one antenna to be examined for their data content and then switched over from one signal received by the antenna to another signal received by the antenna, if the data content of the one signal contains the data content of the signal other signal corresponds. This method is used when only one antenna is available to receive the signals (no diversity system).
- the signals received by the at least two antennas are examined for their data content and then switched over from one signal received by one antenna to another signal received by the at least one further antenna, if the data content of the one Signal received with one antenna corresponds to the data content of the other signal received with the other antenna.
- This method is used when more than one antenna (e.g., two, three, four or more than four) is available to receive the signals (diversity system).
- the use of the data contents of the received signals has the advantage that these data contents represent a particular program broadcast by a stationary transmitter, irrespective of whether this program broadcast by the stationary transmitter is analog or digitally broadcast , If it is now established that the program which has been received so far via a first antenna is better received by at least one further antenna, in particular in the case of a transition from one transmission area to another transmission area, the signals received by the further antenna are sent to the receiver Preparation and playback supplied. It is important here that is switched to such an antenna with which a program is received with the same data content.
- the examination for matching data contents of the individual signals which are received by the individual antennas has the advantage that these data contents are transmitted very quickly, eg. B.
- first antenna comprises one of several antennas, and the vehicle may have at least two or more antennas which constantly receive the high-frequency signals which are then transmitted by the downstream receiver (in particular a diversity processor ) are examined or compared with respect to their program contents (data contents) and signal properties.
- the characteristic of the signals are the signal contents or the quality based on detected bit error rates.
- the data content of the received signals is determined based on data from the blanking interval (VBI).
- VBI blanking interval
- the data content is determined on the basis of the name of the broadcast and received transmitter. This works particularly well for digitally broadcast programs, where the high frequency digital signals also include the name of the broadcast transmitter (e.g., ARD). If such a transmitter has previously been received and the vehicle moves into a transmission area in which the same transmitter is broadcast, this is detected and switched over because of the match to the antenna with the better-received transmitter with the same program content.
- the broadcast transmitter e.g., ARD
- the data content is determined on the basis of EPG data (Electronic Program Guide Data) or SI Data (Service Information Data) or PSI Data (Program Specific Information), so that based on these data or data contents the agreement or deviation is ascertainable. Furthermore, it is conceivable according to the invention that several criteria can also be used to determine the data contents in order to be able to switch without doubt from one transmitter of one transmission area to another transmitter of another transmission area with the same program content.
- a device which is characterized by its design and suitability for carrying out the method.
- Such a device comprises, for example, a plurality of antennas which are arranged in a vehicle. These antennas are connected to a diversity processor, which in turn is connected to a receiver, wherein the receiver takes over the processing of the received high-frequency signals and displays them in a suitable manner (eg optically, and / or acoustically).
- the diversity processor is adapted to switch from one to another antenna, if he receives a corresponding signal for this purpose.
- this overall device is designed to switch the diversity processor from one antenna to another when it itself or, if appropriate, the receiver or other devices has examined the data contents of the received high-frequency signals to determine whether identical program contents are present. If, in the case of several but at least two antennas, the same program contents differ from one another with respect to their signal properties, the diversity processor switches the antenna which has the better signal properties to the antenna.
- FIG. 1 different transmitters in different broadcasting areas
- Figures 2 and 3 switching from one transmitter to another transmitter with the same program content
- Figure 4 shows an apparatus for carrying out the method.
- FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, a transmission landscape that can result when driving through a vehicle of an area.
- the vehicle is in analog area 1, for example.
- the invention ensures that the program (for example the television program ZDF, hereinafter referred to as ZDF) is received analogously in the analog area 1, the program ZDF being used in the transition to the digital area 2 is received further, so the program content remains, but the reception is no longer analog, but digital.
- ZDF television program ZDF
- a program here ZDF, for example
- the invention enables switching as the vehicle moves from one area (analog or digital area) to another area (analog or digital area).
- the criteria mentioned in particular in the patent claims are used, namely the data contents of the received signals.
- the data content is also determined based on contents of a Teletext offer of a transmitter.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 in which the transition from an analog domain to a digital domain is shown.
- the teletext offer of Transmitter ZDF represented.
- FIG. 2 shows the reception of the teletext offer by the transmitter ZDF in the analogue reception mode, specifically for the sake of better clarity.
- the information presented here is transmitted with the high-frequency signals transmitted by the broadcasters, in the form of data combined into data content.
- certain data contents shown in FIG. 2 are examined and compared with data contents which are shown in FIG. 3 and which are received by a further antenna. If it is ascertained that the selected data contents (for example the lettering "ZDF text Wed 12.01.05") match, as is the case in FIGS. 2 and 3, it is possible to switch from analog reception to digital reception Criteria for the switchover (ie the data contents) are those contents which are unchangeable in the individual transmitters in the period of the possible switchover.
- the time indication (14:38:44) likewise shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 4 shows an exemplary device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the reference numeral 9 designates an antenna which is designed as a function of the frequency ranges to be received and accommodated at a corresponding location in a vehicle. If only the single antenna 9 is used, the method according to the features of claim 1 operates, in which case no diversity system is provided.
- antennas 9 to 11 are followed by corresponding receivers (tuners) 12 to 14, wherein the output signals of the receiver (not just the data of the tuner 12) are supplied to an MPEG decoder. Its output signals are sent via an appropriate line to an evaluation unit 16, which has a trained for carrying out the method logic, a result memory and a control and correlation unit.
- the output signal of the MPEG decoder 15 is also output to the AD converter in this embodiment. This is therefore necessary and useful, since the output signal of the MPEG decoder 15 in this case is an FBAS signal (but does not have to be), that is analog and thus must be converted from analog to digital. A path from the MPEG decoder 15 directly to the evaluation unit 16 is conceivable as an alternative or in addition.
- the evaluation unit 16 finally also includes at least one output 19 (analog and / or digital) to the received from the antennas 9 to 11 and subsequently processed signals (audio and / or video signals) to be able to play.
- analog-to-digital converters that provide the output from the receivers 12 to 14 analog signals in the digital signals for further processing of the evaluation unit 16.
- the analog-to-digital converters can be provided separately between the receivers 12 to 14 and the evaluation unit 16, but can alternatively also be integrated in the receivers 12 to 14 and / or the evaluation unit 16.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
- Television Systems (AREA)
- Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
- Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
B E S C H R E I B U N G DESCRIPTION
Programmdiversityprogram diversity
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Empfangen von hochfrequenten Signalen über eine Antenne oder mehrere Antennen gemäß den Merkmalen der jeweiligen Oberbegriffe der unabhängigen Patentansprüche.The invention relates to a method and a device for receiving high-frequency signals via one or more antennas according to the features of the respective preambles of the independent claims.
Diversity-Verfahren und -Vorrichtungen für den mobilen Empfang von hochfrequenten Signalen, insbesondere für den Signalempfang in Fahrzeugen, sind bekannt. Beim Empfang von hochfrequenten analogen Signalen, die insbesondere Fernsehprogramme beinhalten, mit einem Diversity-Empfänger kann während des Empfangs eines Fernsehprogrammes automatisch zwischen verschiedenen Frequenzen mit identischem Programminhalt (gleicher Sender) umgeschaltet werden. Ein solches Empfangsverfahren ermöglicht das durchgängige Empfangen und Verfolgen eines Fernsehprogrammes während der Fahrt mit dem Fahrzeug durch verschiedene Sendegebiete, wobei innerhalb eines Sendegebietes ein Sender vorhanden ist, der das Fernsehprogramm auf einer bestimmten Frequenz ausstrahlt, wobei sich die Frequenz des einen Sendegebietes von der ausgestrahlten Frequenz eines oder mehrerer weiterer Sendegebiete unterscheidet. Dieses Verfahren, bei dem der Empfänger ein und denselben Sender einmal auf einer bestimmten Frequenz und weiterhin auf anderen Frequenzen unterschiedlicher Sendegebiete empfangen kann, sind bekannt und werden als Frequenzdi- versity bezeichnet. Verläßt das Fahrzeug ein Sendegebiet, in dem ein bestimmter Sender auf einer bestimmten Frequenz ausgestrahlt wird, verschlechtern sich die Empfangseigenschaften, woraus resultiert, dass beim Übergang von dem einen in ein weiteres Sendegebiet sich die Signaleigenschaften des weiteren Sendegebietes verbessern, so dass dies als Kriterium herangezogen wird, den Sender nicht mehr auf der bisherigen Frequenz, sondern auf der anderen, besser zu empfan- genen Frequenz zu empfangen. Das bedeutet, dass beim Übergang von einem Sendegebiet auf ein weiteres Sendegebiet das Umschaltkriterium von der einen auf die weitere Frequenz eines Senders mit gleichem Programminhalt die Signaleigenschaften sind.Diversity methods and devices for the mobile reception of high-frequency signals, in particular for the signal reception in vehicles, are known. When receiving high-frequency analog signals, which include television programs in particular, with a diversity receiver, it is possible to switch automatically between different frequencies with identical program content (same transmitter) while receiving a television program. Such a reception method enables the continuous reception and tracking of a television program while driving with the vehicle through different transmission areas, within a transmission area a transmitter is present, which broadcasts the television program at a certain frequency, wherein the frequency of the one transmission area of the radiated frequency one or more other transmission areas. This method, in which the receiver can receive one and the same transmitter once at a certain frequency and also at other frequencies of different transmission ranges, are known and are referred to as frequency diversity. If the vehicle leaves a transmission area in which a particular transmitter is broadcast on a certain frequency, the reception characteristics deteriorate, with the result that the signal properties of the further transmission area improve as it moves from one to another transmission area, so that this criterion is used is no longer based on the previous frequency, but on the other, better to receive the same frequency. This means that the transition criterion from the one to the further frequency of a transmitter with the same program content are the signal properties during the transition from one transmission area to another transmission area.
Neben der Ausstrahlung von analogen Fernsehprogrammen und dem entsprechenden analogen Empfang der ausgestrahlten Programme werden insbesondere in Europa auch hochfrequente digitale Signale ausgestrahlt, die von entsprechend ausgebildeten Empfängern empfangen werden. Diese digitalen hochfrequenten Signale werden ebenfalls von sich in einem Sendegebiet befindenden Sendern ausgestrahlt, so dass es auch hier beim Empfangen dieser digitalen hochfrequenten Signale beim Übergang von einem Sendegebiet in ein weiteres Sendegebiet erforderlich ist, den Sender (mit gleichem Programminhalt) beizubehalten, aber von einem Sender, dessen Signale bisher empfangen worden sind, auf einen anderen Sender umzuschalten, der nun die Signale empfangen soll. Beim Übergang von einem digitalen Sender auf den nächsten digitalen Sender wird auch das Kriterium „Signaleigenschaft" als Umschaltkriterium herangezogen. Daneben können auch weitere Kriterien wie Fehlerrate (Bit-Error-Rate) hinzugezogen werden.In addition to the broadcasting of analog television programs and the corresponding analog reception of the broadcast programs, high-frequency digital signals are also broadcast in Europe, in particular, which are received by appropriately trained receivers. These digital high-frequency signals are likewise emitted by transmitters located in a transmission area, so that it is also necessary here to receive the transmitter (with the same program content) while receiving these digital high-frequency signals during the transition from one transmission area to another transmission area, but by one Transmitter whose signals have been received so far, to switch to another station, which is now to receive the signals. In the transition from one digital sender to the next digital sender, the criterion "signal property" is also used as a switchover criterion, and other criteria such as error rate (bit error rate) can be used.
Neben Sendegebieten, in denen nur analoge hochfrequente Signale oder nur rein digitale hochfrequente Signale abgestrahlt werden, kann es beim Wechsel von Sendegebieten in Folge der Bewegung des Fahrzeuges auch vorkommen, dass von einem analogen in ein digitales Sendegebiet oder umgekehrt gewechselt wird.In addition to transmission areas in which only high-frequency analog signals or only purely digital high-frequency signals are radiated, it can also happen when changing from transmission areas due to the movement of the vehicle that is changing from an analog to a digital coverage area or vice versa.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Empfangen von hochfrequenten Signalen in Fahrzeugen bereitzustellen, bei dem bei einem Wechsel von einem Sendegebiet in ein weiteres Sendegebiet die aktuell empfangenen Programminhalte beibehalten werden und der Wechsel schnell und unmerklich vonstatten geht.The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method and apparatus for receiving high-frequency signals in vehicles, in which the currently received program contents are maintained in a change from one coverage area to another coverage area and the change is fast and imperceptible.
Diese Aufgabe ist durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst. Verfahrensmäßig ist einerseits vorgesehen, dass die von der zumindest einen Antenne empfangenen Signale auf ihren Dateninhalt hin untersucht werden und dann von einem mit der Antenne empfangenen Signal auf ein anderes mit der Antenne empfangenen Signal umgeschaltet wird, wenn der Dateninhalt des einen Signals, dem Dateninhalt des anderen Signals entspricht. Dieses Verfahren kommt dann zur Anwendung, wenn zum Empfang der Signale nur eine Antenne zur Verfügung steht (kein Diversity-System).This object is solved by the features of the independent claims. The method provides, on the one hand, for the signals received by the at least one antenna to be examined for their data content and then switched over from one signal received by the antenna to another signal received by the antenna, if the data content of the one signal contains the data content of the signal other signal corresponds. This method is used when only one antenna is available to receive the signals (no diversity system).
Alternativ oder ergänzend ist vorgesehen, dass die von den zumindest zwei Antennen empfangenen Signale auf ihren Dateninhalt hin untersucht werden und dann von einem von der einen Antenne empfangenen Signal auf ein anderes von der zumindest einen weiteren Antenne empfangegen Signal umgeschaltet wird, wenn der Dateninhalt des einen Signals, der mit der einen Antenne empfangen wird, dem Dateninhalt des anderen Signals entspricht, der mit der anderen Antenne empfangen wird. Dieses Verfahren kommt dann zur Anwendung, wenn zum Empfang der Signale mehr als nur eine Antenne (z.B. zwei, drei, vier oder mehr als vier) zur Verfügung steht (Diversity-System).Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the signals received by the at least two antennas are examined for their data content and then switched over from one signal received by one antenna to another signal received by the at least one further antenna, if the data content of the one Signal received with one antenna corresponds to the data content of the other signal received with the other antenna. This method is used when more than one antenna (e.g., two, three, four or more than four) is available to receive the signals (diversity system).
Die Verwendung der Dateninhalte der empfangenen Signale hat, insbesondere beim Empfang von Fernsehsignalen bei bewegten Fahrzeugen, den Vorteil, dass diese Dateninhalte ein bestimmtes von einem stationären Sender abgestrahltes Programm repräsentieren, unabhängig davon, ob dieses von dem stationären Sender abgestrahlte Programm analog oder digital abgestrahlt wird. Wird nun festgestellt, dass dasjenige Programm, welches bisher über eine erste Antenne empfangen worden ist, über zumindest eine weitere Antenne besser empfangen wird, insbesondere bei einem Übergang von einem Sendegebiet in ein weiteres Sendegebiet, werden die von der weiteren Antenne empfangenen Signale dem Empfänger zur Aufbereitung und Wiedergabe zugeführt. Wichtig ist hierbei, dass auf eine solche Antenne umgeschaltet wird, mit der ein Programm mit gleichem Dateninhalt empfangen wird. Die Untersuchung auf übereinstimmende Dateninhalte der einzelnen Signale, die mit den einzelnen Antennen empfangen werden, hat den Vorteil, dass diese Dateninhalte sehr schnell, z. B. mittels eines Soll-Ist- Wert-Vergleiches, auf ihre Übereinstimmung oder Abweichung hin überprüft werden können. Liegt Übereinstimmung vor (bei besseren Signaleigenschaften) kann auf die weitere Antenne umgeschaltet werden. Liegt keine Übereinstimmung vor, kann der bisherige Sender über die erste Antenne weiter empfangen werden, und zwar so lange, bis eine weitere Antenne gleichen Programminhaltes, aber bessere Signaleigenschaften aufweist. Der Vollständigkeit halber sei erwähnt, dass der Begriff „erste Antenne" eine von mehreren Antennen umfaßt, und das Fahrzeug zumindest zwei oder auch mehrere Antennen aufweisen kann, die ständig die hochfrequenten Signale empfangen, die dann von dem nachgeschalteten Empfänger (insbesondere einem Diversity-Prozessor) auf ihre Programminhalte (Dateninhalte) und Signaleigenschaften hin untersucht bzw. verglichen werden.The use of the data contents of the received signals, particularly when receiving television signals in moving vehicles, has the advantage that these data contents represent a particular program broadcast by a stationary transmitter, irrespective of whether this program broadcast by the stationary transmitter is analog or digitally broadcast , If it is now established that the program which has been received so far via a first antenna is better received by at least one further antenna, in particular in the case of a transition from one transmission area to another transmission area, the signals received by the further antenna are sent to the receiver Preparation and playback supplied. It is important here that is switched to such an antenna with which a program is received with the same data content. The examination for matching data contents of the individual signals which are received by the individual antennas has the advantage that these data contents are transmitted very quickly, eg. B. by means of a desired-actual-value comparison, checked for their agreement or deviation can be. If there is a match (with better signal properties) can be switched to the other antenna. If there is no match, the previous transmitter can continue to be received via the first antenna, namely until another antenna has the same program content but better signal properties. For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that the term "first antenna" comprises one of several antennas, and the vehicle may have at least two or more antennas which constantly receive the high-frequency signals which are then transmitted by the downstream receiver (in particular a diversity processor ) are examined or compared with respect to their program contents (data contents) and signal properties.
Die Eigenschaft der Signale sind die Signalinhalte bzw. die Güte anhand von festgestellten Bitfehlerraten.The characteristic of the signals are the signal contents or the quality based on detected bit error rates.
In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der Dateninhalt der empfangenen Signale anhand von Daten aus der Austastlücke (VBI, Vertical Blanking Interval) bestimmt. Es gibt in der Austastlücke mehrere verwendbare Daten, wie zum Beispiel Videotext, die Datenzeile und Prüfzeilen.In one embodiment of the invention, the data content of the received signals is determined based on data from the blanking interval (VBI). There are several usable data in the blanking interval, such as teletext, the data line and test lines.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird der Dateninhalt anhand des Namens des ausgestrahlten und empfangenen Senders bestimmt. Dies funktioniert insbesondere bei digital ausgestrahlten Programmen besonders gut, bei denen die hochfrequenten digitalen Signale auch den Namen des ausgestrahlten Senders (z.B. ARD) beinhalten. Wurde ein solcher Sender bisher empfangen und bewegt sich das Fahrzeug in ein Sendegebiet, in dem der gleiche Sender ausgestrahlt wird, wird dies erfaßt und aufgrund der Übereinstimmung auf die Antenne mit dem besser zu empfangenden Sender mit gleichem Programminhalt umgeschaltet.In a further development of the invention, the data content is determined on the basis of the name of the broadcast and received transmitter. This works particularly well for digitally broadcast programs, where the high frequency digital signals also include the name of the broadcast transmitter (e.g., ARD). If such a transmitter has previously been received and the vehicle moves into a transmission area in which the same transmitter is broadcast, this is detected and switched over because of the match to the antenna with the better-received transmitter with the same program content.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird der Dateninhalt anhand von EPG-Daten (Electronic Program Guide-Daten) bzw. Sl-Daten (Service Information-Daten) bzw. PSI-Daten (Program Specific Information) bestimmt, so dass basierend auf diesen Daten beziehungsweise Dateninhalten die Übereinstimmung oder die Abweichung feststellbar ist. Weiterhin ist es erfindungsgemäß denkbar, dass zur Bestimmung der Dateninhalte auch mehrere Kriterien herangezogen werden können, um zweifelsfrei von einem Sender eines Sendegebietes auf einen weiteren Sender eines weiteren Sendegebietes mit gleichem Programminhalt umschalten zu können.In a development of the invention, the data content is determined on the basis of EPG data (Electronic Program Guide Data) or SI Data (Service Information Data) or PSI Data (Program Specific Information), so that based on these data or data contents the agreement or deviation is ascertainable. Furthermore, it is conceivable according to the invention that several criteria can also be used to determine the data contents in order to be able to switch without doubt from one transmitter of one transmission area to another transmitter of another transmission area with the same program content.
Vorrichtungsmäßig ist eine Vorrichtung beansprucht, die durch ihre Ausbildung und Eignung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gekennzeichnet ist. Eine solche Vorrichtung umfaßt beispielsweise mehrere Antennen, die in einem Fahrzeug angeordnet sind. Diese Antennen sind mit einem Diversity-Prozessor verschaltet, der wiederum mit einem Empfänger verbunden ist, wobei der Empfänger die Aufbereitung der empfangenen hochfrequenten Signale übernimmt und diese in geeigneter Weise (z. B. optisch, und/oder akustisch) darstellt. Der Diversity- Prozessor ist dazu ausgebildet, von der einen auf eine weitere Antenne umzuschalten, wenn er hierzu ein entsprechendes Signal erhält. Erfindungsgemäß ist diese Gesamtvorrichtung nun dazu ausgebildet, dass der Diversity-Prozessor von einer auf eine weitere Antenne umschaltet, wenn er selber oder gegebenenfalls der Empfänger oder andere Einrichtungen die Dateninhalte der empfangenen hochfrequenten Signale daraufhin untersucht hat, ob gleiche Programminhalte vorliegen. Liegen bei mehreren, aber mindestens zwei Antennen gleiche Programminhalte vor, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer Signaleigenschaften voneinander unterscheiden, schaltet der Diversity-Prozessor diejenige Antenne zum Empfänger durch, die die besseren Signaleigenschaften aufweist.In terms of apparatus, a device is claimed which is characterized by its design and suitability for carrying out the method. Such a device comprises, for example, a plurality of antennas which are arranged in a vehicle. These antennas are connected to a diversity processor, which in turn is connected to a receiver, wherein the receiver takes over the processing of the received high-frequency signals and displays them in a suitable manner (eg optically, and / or acoustically). The diversity processor is adapted to switch from one to another antenna, if he receives a corresponding signal for this purpose. According to the invention, this overall device is designed to switch the diversity processor from one antenna to another when it itself or, if appropriate, the receiver or other devices has examined the data contents of the received high-frequency signals to determine whether identical program contents are present. If, in the case of several but at least two antennas, the same program contents differ from one another with respect to their signal properties, the diversity processor switches the antenna which has the better signal properties to the antenna.
Der weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung dient die folgende Beschreibung und die Figuren, auf die die Erfindung jedoch nicht beschränkt ist.The following description and the figures, to which the invention is not limited, serve to further explain the invention.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Figur 1 verschiedene Sender in verschiedenen Sendegebieten,FIG. 1 different transmitters in different broadcasting areas,
Figuren 2 und 3 Umschaltung von einem Sender auf einen weiteren Sender mit gleichem Programminhalt, Figur 4 eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.Figures 2 and 3 switching from one transmitter to another transmitter with the same program content, Figure 4 shows an apparatus for carrying out the method.
Figur 1 zeigt beispielhaft eine Sendelandschaft, die sich beim Durchfahren eines Fahrzeuges eines Gebietes ergeben kann. Zunächst wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich das Fahrzeug zum Beispiel im Analoggebiet 1 befindet. Auf der weiteren Fahrt erreicht es ein Digitalgebiet 2, so dass hier mit der Erfindung sichergestellt wird, dass das Programm (z. B. das Fernsehprogramm ZDF, im folgenden ZDF genannt) im Analoggebiet 1 analog empfangen wird, wobei das Programm ZDF beim Übergang in das Digitalgebiet 2 weiter empfangen wird, also der Programminhalt bestehen bleibt, allerdings der Empfang nun nicht mehr analog, sondern digital erfolgt. Bei der weiteren Fahrt des Fahrzeuges kommt es von dem Digitalgebiet 2 in ein Digitalgebiet 3, wobei weiterhin das Programm ZDF empfangen werden soll, aber von einem anderen Sender. Bei der weiteren Fahrt kommt das Fahrzeug in ein Analoggebiet 4, wobei weiterhin das Programm ZDF empfangen werden soll, jetzt allerdings nicht mehr digital, sondern analog. Insgesamt wird also mit der Erfindung erreicht, dass ein von verschiedenen stationären Sendern 5 bis 8 abgestrahltes Programm (hier z. B. ZDF) durchgehend empfangen werden kann, unabhängig davon, ob einer der Sender 5 bis 8 das Programm analog oder digital abstrahlt. Damit ermöglicht die Erfindung ein Umschalten, wenn sich das Fahrzeug von dem einen Gebiet (Analog- oder Digitalgebiet) in ein weiteres Gebiet (Analog- oder Digitalgebiet) bewegt.FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, a transmission landscape that can result when driving through a vehicle of an area. Initially, it is assumed that the vehicle is in analog area 1, for example. On the further journey, it reaches a digital area 2, so that the invention ensures that the program (for example the television program ZDF, hereinafter referred to as ZDF) is received analogously in the analog area 1, the program ZDF being used in the transition to the digital area 2 is received further, so the program content remains, but the reception is no longer analog, but digital. During the further drive of the vehicle, it comes from the digital area 2 in a digital area 3, which continue to receive the program ZDF, but from another station. During the further drive, the vehicle comes in an analog area 4, while continuing to receive the program ZDF, but now no longer digital, but analog. Overall, it is thus achieved with the invention that a program (here ZDF, for example) transmitted by different stationary transmitters 5 to 8 can be received continuously, regardless of whether one of the transmitters 5 to 8 transmits the program analog or digital. Thus, the invention enables switching as the vehicle moves from one area (analog or digital area) to another area (analog or digital area).
Um zu ermöglichen, dass bei dem Übergang von dem einen Gebiet in das nächste Gebiet identische Programme bzw. Programminhalte beibehalten werden, werden die insbesondere in den Patentansprüchen erwähnten Kriterien herangezogen, nämlich die Dateninhalte der empfangenen Signale. Neben der Bestimmung des Dateninhaltes anhand von Daten aus der Austastlücke, des Namens des ausgestrahlten und empfangenen Senders, von EPG- bzw. Sl-Daten ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass der Dateninhalt auch anhand von Inhalten eines Teletextangebotes eines Senders bestimmt wird. Hierzu wird auf die Figuren 2 und 3 verwiesen, bei denen der Übergang von einem Analoggebiet in ein Digitalgebiet dargestellt ist. Als Beispiel ist hier das Teletextangebot des Senders ZDF dargestellt. In Figur 2 ist der Empfang des Teletextangebotes von dem Sender ZDF im analogen Empfangsmodus dargestellt, und zwar der besseren Übersichtlichkeit wegen ausschnittsweise. Die hier dargestellten Informationen werden mit den von den Sendern ausgestrahlten hochfrequenten Signalen übermittelt, und zwar in Form von Daten, die zu Dateninhalten zusammengefaßt sind. Erfindungsgemäß werden nun bestimmte Dateninhalte, die in Figur 2 dargestellt sind, untersucht und mit Dateninhalten, die in Figur 3 dargestellt sind und die von einer weiteren Antenne empfangen werden, verglichen. Wird dabei festgestellt, dass die ausgewählten Dateninhalte (beispielsweise der Schriftzug „ZDF-text Mi 12.01.05") übereinstimmen, wie dies in den Figuren 2 und 3 der Fall ist, kann vom analogen Empfang auf digitalen Empfang umgeschaltet werden. Bei der Bestimmung von Kriterien für die Umschaltung (also die Dateninhalte) eignen sich solche Inhalte, die bei den einzelnen Sendern unveränderbar im Zeitraum der möglichen Umschaltung sind. Die in den Figuren 2 und 3 ebenfalls dargestellte Zeitangabe (14:38:44) würde sich für eine Umschaltung nicht eignen, da sich dieser Dateninhalt logischerweise ständig verändert. Das bedeutet also, dass für ein Diversity zwischen analogen und digitalen Programmen und zwischen mehreren digitalen Programmen eine eindeutige Identifizierung des Programminhaltes (gleich Dateninhalt) benötigt wird. Die Korrelation von Teletextinhalten, wie sie in Figur 2 und 3 dargestellt und hierzu beschrieben ist, hat den besonderen Vorteil, dass es bei allen Übergängen, wie sie in Figur 1 dargestellt sind, zur Anwendung kommen kann. Dies setzt vorraus, dass die zu empfangenen Programme auch mit Teletext ausgestrahlt werden. Sollte dies nicht der Fall sein, kann in vorteilhafter Weise der Dateninhalt anhand von weiteren Daten, wie vorstehend beschrieben, durchgeführt werden.In order to make it possible to keep identical programs or program contents during the transition from one area to the next area, the criteria mentioned in particular in the patent claims are used, namely the data contents of the received signals. In addition to the determination of the data content based on data from the blanking interval, the name of the emitted and received transmitter, EPG or SI data, it is provided according to the invention that the data content is also determined based on contents of a Teletext offer of a transmitter. Reference is made to FIGS. 2 and 3, in which the transition from an analog domain to a digital domain is shown. As an example, here is the teletext offer of Transmitter ZDF represented. FIG. 2 shows the reception of the teletext offer by the transmitter ZDF in the analogue reception mode, specifically for the sake of better clarity. The information presented here is transmitted with the high-frequency signals transmitted by the broadcasters, in the form of data combined into data content. According to the invention, certain data contents shown in FIG. 2 are examined and compared with data contents which are shown in FIG. 3 and which are received by a further antenna. If it is ascertained that the selected data contents (for example the lettering "ZDF text Wed 12.01.05") match, as is the case in FIGS. 2 and 3, it is possible to switch from analog reception to digital reception Criteria for the switchover (ie the data contents) are those contents which are unchangeable in the individual transmitters in the period of the possible switchover.The time indication (14:38:44) likewise shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 would not be suitable for a changeover Logically, this data content is constantly changing, which means that for a diversity between analog and digital programs and between several digital programs a clear identification of the program content (equal to data content) is needed 3 and described and described, has the particular advantage that it is at all Üb ergänge, as shown in Figure 1, may be used. This assumes that the programs to be received are also broadcast with teletext. If this is not the case, the data content can advantageously be carried out on the basis of further data, as described above.
Bezüglich der Empfangssituation gilt alternativ oder ergänzend zu der vorstehenden Beschreibung folgendes: Es liegt nicht (nur) ein Programm auf einer (Empfangs-)Antenne und die anderen Programme auf der nächsten Antenne, sondern alle Antennen tragen zum Empfang von aktuellen Programmen bei. Nur für den Vergleich wird eine Antenne (Pfad) auf das Vergleichsprogramm (im neuen Sendegebiet) abgestimmt. Umgeschaltet werden dann wieder alle Antennen. Die Figur 4 zeigt eine beispielhafte Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Mit der Bezugsziffer 9 ist eine Antenne bezeichnet, die in Abhängigkeit der zu empfangenden Frequenzbereiche gestaltet und an entsprechender Stelle in einem Fahrzeug untergebracht ist. Kommt nur die einzige Antenne 9 zur Anwendung, arbeitet das Verfahren gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 , wobei in diesem Fall kein Diversity-System gegeben ist. Kommen mehr als eine Antenne, also gemäß Figur 4 Antennen 9 bis 11 (oder auch mehr als drei Antennen, allgemein „n" Antennen, wobei „n" > 1) zur Anwendung, handelt es sich um ein Diversity-System, das nach den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 bzw. ergänzend oder alternativ nach den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 2 arbeitet. Den jeweiligen Antennen 9 bis 11 sind entsprechende Empfänger (Tuner) 12 bis 14 nachgeschaltet, wobei die Ausgangssignale der Empfänger (nicht nur die Daten des Tuners 12) einem MPEG-Decoder zugeführt werden. Dessen Ausgangssignale werden über eine entsprechende Leitung an eine Auswerteeinheit 16 geschickt, die eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ausgebildete Logik, einen Ergebnisspeicher und eine Steuerungs- und Korrelationseinheit aufweist. In diesem Fall, wenn mehrere Antennen 9 bis 11 sowie zugehörige Empfänger 12 bis 14 vorgesehen sind, handelt es sich um ein Diversity-System, so dass zur Auswahl einer jeweiligen Antenne 9 bis 11 die Auswerteeinheit 16 Steuersignale über Steuerleitungen 17 an die Empfängereinheit schickt, die diejenigen Signalpfade von der jeweiligen Antenne zu der Auswerteeinheit 16 durchschaltet, bei der der bestmögliche Empfang gegeben ist.With regard to the reception situation, the following applies as an alternative or in addition to the above description: It is not (only) one program on one (receiving) antenna and the other programs on the next antenna, but all antennas contribute to the reception of current programs. Only for the comparison, an antenna (path) is tuned to the comparison program (in the new transmission area). All antennas will be switched over again. FIG. 4 shows an exemplary device for carrying out the method according to the invention. The reference numeral 9 designates an antenna which is designed as a function of the frequency ranges to be received and accommodated at a corresponding location in a vehicle. If only the single antenna 9 is used, the method according to the features of claim 1 operates, in which case no diversity system is provided. If more than one antenna is used, that is to say antennas 9 to 11 according to FIG. 4 (or more than three antennas, in general "n" antennas, where "n"> 1), then it is a diversity system which according to FIGS Features of claim 1 or supplementarily or alternatively works according to the features of claim 2. The respective antennas 9 to 11 are followed by corresponding receivers (tuners) 12 to 14, wherein the output signals of the receiver (not just the data of the tuner 12) are supplied to an MPEG decoder. Its output signals are sent via an appropriate line to an evaluation unit 16, which has a trained for carrying out the method logic, a result memory and a control and correlation unit. In this case, if a plurality of antennas 9 to 11 and associated receivers 12 to 14 are provided, this is a diversity system, so that for selecting a respective antenna 9 to 11, the evaluation unit 16 sends control signals via control lines 17 to the receiver unit, which switches through those signal paths from the respective antenna to the evaluation unit 16, in which the best possible reception is given.
Das Ausgangssignal des MPEG-Decoders 15 wird bei dieser Ausführung auch an die AD-Wandler abgegeben. Dies ist daher erforderlich und sinnvoll, da das Ausgangssignal des MPEG-Decoders 15 in diesem Fall ein FBAS-Signal ist (aber nicht sein muß), also analog ist und damit von analog nach digital gewandelt werden muß. Ein Pfad vom MPEG-Decoder 15 direkt zur Auswerteeinheit 16 ist alternativ oder ergänzend denkbar.The output signal of the MPEG decoder 15 is also output to the AD converter in this embodiment. This is therefore necessary and useful, since the output signal of the MPEG decoder 15 in this case is an FBAS signal (but does not have to be), that is analog and thus must be converted from analog to digital. A path from the MPEG decoder 15 directly to the evaluation unit 16 is conceivable as an alternative or in addition.
Die Auswerteeinheit 16 umfaßt schließlich noch zumindest einen Ausgang 19 (analog und/oder digital), um die von den Antennen 9 bis 11 empfangenen und anschließend aufbereiteten Signale (Ton- und/oder Bildsignale) wiedergeben zu können.The evaluation unit 16 finally also includes at least one output 19 (analog and / or digital) to the received from the antennas 9 to 11 and subsequently processed signals (audio and / or video signals) to be able to play.
Schließlich sind in dem Signalpfad von den Empfängern 12 bis 14 zu der Auswerteeinheit 16 noch Analog-Digital-Wandler geschaltet, die die von den Empfängern 12 bis 14 abgegebenen analogen Signale in die digitale Signale zur weiteren Verarbeitung der Auswerteeinheit 16 zur Verfügung stellen. Die Analog- Digital-Wandler können separat zwischen den Empfängern 12 bis 14 und der Auswerteeinheit 16 vorgesehen werden, können alternativ aber auch in den Empfängern 12 bis 14 und/oder der Auswerteeinheit 16 integriert werden. Finally, in the signal path of the receivers 12 to 14 to the evaluation unit 16 are still connected analog-to-digital converters that provide the output from the receivers 12 to 14 analog signals in the digital signals for further processing of the evaluation unit 16. The analog-to-digital converters can be provided separately between the receivers 12 to 14 and the evaluation unit 16, but can alternatively also be integrated in the receivers 12 to 14 and / or the evaluation unit 16.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1. ein erstes Analoggebiet1. a first analog area
2. ein erstes Digitalgebiet2. a first digital area
3. ein weiteres Digitalgebiet3. another digital area
4. ein weiteres Analoggebiet4. another analog area
5. Sender5. Transmitter
6. Sender6th transmitter
7. Sender7. Transmitter
8. Sender8. Transmitter
9. Antenne9. Antenna
10. Antenne10. Antenna
11. Antenne11. Antenna
12. Empfänger (Tuner)12. receiver (tuner)
13. Empfänger (Tuner)13. receiver (tuner)
14. Empfänger (Tuner)14. receiver (tuner)
15. MPEG-Dekoder15. MPEG decoder
16. Auswerteeinheit16. Evaluation unit
17. Signalleitung17. Signal line
18. Speichereinheit18. Storage unit
19. Ausgang19th exit
20. Analog-Digital-Wandler 20. Analog-to-digital converter
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005002425 | 2005-01-18 | ||
| DE102005039507A DE102005039507A1 (en) | 2005-01-18 | 2005-08-20 | program diversity |
| PCT/EP2005/013189 WO2006076948A1 (en) | 2005-01-18 | 2005-12-09 | Program diversity |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1839399A1 true EP1839399A1 (en) | 2007-10-03 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP05813614A Ceased EP1839399A1 (en) | 2005-01-18 | 2005-12-09 | Program diversity |
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| US (1) | US20080200137A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1839399A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2008527938A (en) |
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| NO (1) | NO20074194L (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2426233C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006076948A1 (en) |
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| US7846184B2 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2010-12-07 | Sasso Ricardo C | Replacement facet joint and method |
| AU2013218160A1 (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2014-07-24 | Hirschmann Car Communication Gmbh | Transmitter tracking of various standards |
| WO2013117514A1 (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-15 | Hirschmann Car Communication Gmbh | Method for quickly switching between alternative transmission paths |
| US9520935B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-12-13 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Wireless audio receiver system and method |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2840533A1 (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1980-03-27 | Hans Ing Grad Wellhausen | Car radio or TV receiver - has two tuners, one of which continuously searches for stronger signal whilst other drives output amplifier |
| JP3393356B2 (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 2003-04-07 | ソニー株式会社 | Receiving device and receiving method |
| JPH1065590A (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 1998-03-06 | Fujitsu Ten Ltd | Television/radio receiver |
| DE29615897U1 (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1996-11-28 | FUBA Automotive GmbH, 31162 Bad Salzdetfurth | Frequency diversity arrangement |
| JPH11196342A (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 1999-07-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Sender and terminal |
| DE19803058C1 (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 1999-09-16 | Ut Loewe Automotive Electronic | Dual-tuner TV receiver employing channel searching frequency diversity for reception in automobile |
| JP3439653B2 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2003-08-25 | シャープ株式会社 | Analog / digital broadcasting receiver |
| JP2000332632A (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-30 | Toyota Motor Corp | Mobile broadcast receiver |
| DE10006701C2 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2002-04-11 | Harman Becker Automotive Sys | receiver |
| JP2006507748A (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2006-03-02 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Apparatus for receiving a signal containing text information that can be used to program reception |
| JP2004194108A (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-07-08 | Sony Corp | Information processor and information processing method, recording medium, and program |
| JP2004266396A (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2004-09-24 | Toshiba Corp | Device and method for selecting favorite channel |
-
2005
- 2005-08-20 DE DE102005039507A patent/DE102005039507A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-12-09 US US11/795,568 patent/US20080200137A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-12-09 WO PCT/EP2005/013189 patent/WO2006076948A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-12-09 EP EP05813614A patent/EP1839399A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-12-09 JP JP2007551555A patent/JP2008527938A/en active Pending
- 2005-12-09 RU RU2007131364/09A patent/RU2426233C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2007
- 2007-08-15 NO NO20074194A patent/NO20074194L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006076948A1 * |
Also Published As
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| NO20074194L (en) | 2007-10-18 |
| RU2426233C2 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
| WO2006076948A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
| RU2007131364A (en) | 2009-02-27 |
| JP2008527938A (en) | 2008-07-24 |
| DE102005039507A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
| US20080200137A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
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