EP1837410A1 - Process and installation for rapid cooling of workpieces - Google Patents

Process and installation for rapid cooling of workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1837410A1
EP1837410A1 EP06015701A EP06015701A EP1837410A1 EP 1837410 A1 EP1837410 A1 EP 1837410A1 EP 06015701 A EP06015701 A EP 06015701A EP 06015701 A EP06015701 A EP 06015701A EP 1837410 A1 EP1837410 A1 EP 1837410A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
cold box
workpiece
liquid gas
liquid
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Granted
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EP06015701A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1837410B1 (en
Inventor
Anders ASTRÖM
Ernst Wandke
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Publication of EP1837410A1 publication Critical patent/EP1837410A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/12—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using solidified gases, e.g. carbon-dioxide snow

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for cooling a workpiece (1), wherein the workpiece is introduced into a cooling zone adjacent to a cold box, and wherein a cooling medium via a feed (4) supplied to the cold box and via one or more nozzles (5 ) is passed from the cold box into the cooling zone.
  • the invention relates to a device for cooling a workpiece with a cold box with a feed for a cooling medium and one or more nozzles and with a cooling zone for receiving the workpiece.
  • a variety of methods and devices for cooling are known.
  • a variety of methods and devices for cooling and quenching workpieces have been used for centuries.
  • Common is e.g. quenching in liquids such as oils, water, emulsions or others, quenching in salts or with the aid of gases.
  • Gases are conventionally used in a variety of forms such as e.g. under high pressure, which increases the ability of the gas to transport thermal energy.
  • prior art gases are brought into contact with the hot surface of a workpiece to be cooled at a high relative speed.
  • the so-called "gas quenching” gas is brought into contact with the hot surface of the workpiece to be cooled under high pressure and at high outflow velocity.
  • a cooling method for pipes and other semi-finished products eg rods, profiles, wire, etc.
  • the workpieces to be cooled as a bundle or individually, via a shape-matched nozzle array, on the gas
  • the workpieces are blown, cooled while the workpieces are moved through the nozzle field.
  • the nozzle field can also be housed in a shape-adapted manner.
  • the cooling result could be even better, especially for workpieces with a high outlet temperature of over 550 ° C.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and a device for carrying out this method for cooling workpieces.
  • the stated object is achieved in terms of the method in that the workpiece is introduced into a cooling zone which adjoins a cold box, and wherein a cooling medium is supplied to the cold box and passed via one or more nozzles from the cold box into the cooling zone, wherein the cooling medium is a liquid Gas or a liquefied gas mixture comprises, the heat of vaporization is used for cooling the cold box and / or for cooling the workpiece surface.
  • the gas introduced into the cooling zone via the nozzles - in the liquid or gaseous state - is used to cool the workpiece by convection.
  • the cooling medium also cools the cold box adjacent to the cooling zone. In this way, the dominating in particular at high temperatures heat transfer is amplified by radiation.
  • the cooling medium used is preferably a liquid gas or a mixture of gases in liquid and gaseous form, the heat of vaporization of which is used for cooling the cold box and / or for cooling the workpiece surface.
  • the environment of the workpiece is brought to a temperature which allows a particularly effective cooling of the workpiece.
  • the method according to the invention can take into account the prevalence of heat emission by thermal radiation, which is present in this temperature range over the heat transfer via heat transfer or convection.
  • liquid gas or or a mixture of gases in liquid and gaseous form in addition to the particularly advantageous low temperature that is achieved with it, the advantages of a clean, environmentally friendly process in which can be dispensed with a post-cleaning of the workpiece, no process-related corrosion occurs and the process flow is well controlled due to the good metering of the cooling medium. Overall, a highly effective cooling method is available in a device with only little spatial expansion.
  • the liquid gas or the liquid gas mixture is completely or partially evaporated in the cold box, wherein the heat of vaporization is used wholly or partly for cooling the cold box.
  • liquid gas or a mixture of gases in liquid and gaseous form is advantageously wholly or partially directly on the workpiece surface by evaporation, wherein the heat of vaporization is used wholly or partly for cooling the workpiece surface.
  • the workpiece is moved through the cooling zone, wherein the cooling zone is adapted to the shape of the workpiece, so that the cooling medium on the one hand sufficiently long remains in the cooling zone, so that the workpiece surface can deliver sufficient heat to the cooling medium and on the other hand now heated cooling medium with high speed leaves the cooling zone.
  • the liquid gas or a mixture of gases in liquid and gaseous form is preferably introduced into the cooling zone at a high flow rate.
  • liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium or liquid argon is used as the liquid gas mixture.
  • liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium or liquid argon is used as the liquid gas mixture.
  • liquid gas or the liquid gas mixture carbon dioxide and / or methane are mixed.
  • the object is achieved by a device for cooling a workpiece with a cold box with a feed for a cooling medium and one or more nozzles and with a cooling zone for receiving the workpiece, which is characterized in that the feed and the nozzle (s) for the Introduction of liquid gas or a liquefied gas mixture are formed suitably.
  • the cold box is preferably provided as a device for evaporating the liquid gas or the liquid gas mixture.
  • the cold box is adapted to the shape of the workpiece (1), so that only a very small distance is provided between the nozzles for the cooling medium and the workpiece surface.
  • the cold box and the cooling zone are advantageously adjacent to one another so that, on the one hand, the cooling medium exiting via the nozzles from the cold box rapidly exchanges heat with the workpiece and, on the other hand, the heat radiation emanating from the workpiece is absorbed by the cold box.
  • the cold box is for this purpose preferably designed so that it surrounds the workpiece on several sides.
  • the cold box is divided into two or more cold box sections, which are each spaced from each other by a gap in the nozzle area.
  • the invention provides a highly effective cooling or quenching process, especially for hot metal parts.
  • the heat transfer takes place mainly by heat radiation.
  • the cold box is kept low temperature by the supplied LPG.
  • the cooling zone for receiving the workpiece.
  • the temperature difference between the workpiece surface and the cold box is maximized by the cooling of the cold box, so that an optimal cooling by radiation takes place.
  • the cooling medium is guided through nozzle openings in the cold box on the workpiece surface. This flow causes additional cooling by convection.
  • the invention offers thus a particularly efficient utilization of the various heat transfer mechanisms.
  • FIG. 1 shows a workpiece 1, here a tube 1, which is moved along the direction indicated by the arrow 2 through the cold box 3, from which the tube 1 is enveloped.
  • the cold box 3 is adapted to the shape of the tube 1.
  • Liquid gas here e.g. Liquid nitrogen is introduced via the feed 4 in the cold box 3 continuously. Depending on the requirement, the gas still emerges as liquid gas via the nozzle field formed by the nozzles 5 and becomes effective on the surface of the workpiece 1 by using the heat of vaporization as a very cold cooling medium with a high flow velocity.
  • the cold box 3 acts as an evaporator.
  • the heat of vaporization is then used in this case for cooling and cold holding the cold box 3.
  • the cold box 3 has approximately the temperature of the liquid gas. This means that the temperature difference between the workpiece surface and cold box surface is permanently very high and there is a corresponding cooling of the workpiece 1 via the radiation mechanism, which is effectively supported by the heat transfer due to the originally very cold gas flow 6.
  • the effect of this method can be optimized so that the upper limit for the amount of heat dissipated no longer by the supplied amount of liquid gas and whose thermal properties are determined, but the heat conduction mechanism of the workpiece 1 sets the upper limit.
  • a steel tube 1 with a diameter of 60 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm is moved through the cold box 3 at a speed of 5 m / s.
  • the starting temperature of the steel pipe 1 is 1050 ° C.
  • the final temperature after cooling is e.g. 700 ° C.
  • This end result is achieved by the use of liquid nitrogen as a cooling medium in an amount of 300 kg / h and a feed pressure of 3 bar.
  • the nozzle field in this case has 20 nozzles 5 each with a diameter of 3 mm.
  • the total length of the cold box 3 is 1200 mm.
  • FIG 2. A further embodiment is shown in FIG 2.
  • the cold box 3 is divided into three cold box sections 8, between each of which via the gap 7 gas in the form of a gas flow 6 exits.
  • the movement of the workpiece is again in the direction indicated by the arrow 2 direction.
  • the workpiece 1 is in this example a copper profile 1 with a maximum width of 35 mm, which leaves an extruder at 100 m / min and a temperature of 750 ° C.
  • the final temperature after cooling should be 200 ° C.
  • the copper profile 1 is moved through the device shown in Figure 2 and thereby cooled by means of a fed via the feed 4 and discharged via the nozzles 5 in the individual cold box sections 8 liquid gas mixture.
  • liquid helium or, as a more cost-effective variant, a mixture of 95% liquid nitrogen and 5% gaseous hydrogen is used.
  • the gas consumption is 350 kg / h.
  • the heat transfer plays with the gas flow 6 a greater role than in the example of Figure 1.
  • the cold box 3 in divided three cold box sections 8.
  • the distances 7 between the cold box sections 8 could be changed and optimized depending on the specific requirements of different applications.
  • FIG. 3 shows a Thomasdar Beneficiung of Fig. 2 along A-A.
  • the shown cold box section 8 can be seen by the nozzles 5 are advantageously always positioned in a consistently small distance 9 to the workpiece surface.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

Process for cooling a workpiece (1) in a cooling zone (10) with feeding of a coolant to a cold box (3) and then thru one or more nozzles (5) into the cooling zone. The coolant is a liquefied gas or a gas/liquid mixture whose latent heat of vaporization is used to cool the cold box and the workpiece surface. The liquefied gas can be liquid nitrogen-, hydrogen-, helium or argon. The liquefied gas mixture can contain carbon dioxide and/or methane. An independent claim is included for a workpiece cooling device.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Abkühlen eines Werkstücks (1), wobei das Werkstück in eine Kühlzone eingebracht wird, welche an eine Kaltbox angrenzt, und wobei ein Kühlmedium über eine Zuführung (4) der Kaltbox zugeführt und über eine oder mehrere Düsen (5) von der Kaltbox in die Kühlzone geleitet wird.The present invention relates to a method for cooling a workpiece (1), wherein the workpiece is introduced into a cooling zone adjacent to a cold box, and wherein a cooling medium via a feed (4) supplied to the cold box and via one or more nozzles (5 ) is passed from the cold box into the cooling zone.

Ferner bezieht sich die Erfindung auf eine Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines Werkstücks mit einer einer Kaltbox mit einer Zuführung für ein Kühlmedium und einer oder mehreren Düsen und mit einer Kühlzone zur Aufnahme des Werkstücks.Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for cooling a workpiece with a cold box with a feed for a cooling medium and one or more nozzles and with a cooling zone for receiving the workpiece.

Bekannt sind eine Vielzahl von Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Abkühlen. Beispielsweise im Bereich der Wärmebehandlung werden seit Jahrhunderten eine Vielzahl von Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Abkühlen und Abschrecken von Werkstücken eingesetzt. Geläufig ist z.B. das Abschrecken in Flüssigkeiten, wie Ölen, Wasser, Emulsionen oder anderen, das Abschrecken in Salzen oder mit Hilfe von Gasen. Gase werden herkömmlich in vielfältiger Form genutzt wie z.B. unter hohem Druck, wodurch die Fähigkeit des Gases Wärmeenergie zu transportieren erhöht wird. Mit dem gleichen Ziel werden Gase nach dem Stand der Technik mit hoher Relativgeschwindigkeit in Kontakt mit der heißen Oberfläche eines abzukühlenden Werkstücks gebracht. Gemäß einem relativ jungen Verfahren, dem sog. "Gasquenching", wird Gas unter hohem Druck und mit hoher Ausströmgeschwindigkeit mit der heißen Oberfläche des abzukühlenden Werkstücks in Kontakt gebracht.A variety of methods and devices for cooling are known. For example, in the field of heat treatment, a variety of methods and devices for cooling and quenching workpieces have been used for centuries. Common is e.g. quenching in liquids such as oils, water, emulsions or others, quenching in salts or with the aid of gases. Gases are conventionally used in a variety of forms such as e.g. under high pressure, which increases the ability of the gas to transport thermal energy. With the same aim, prior art gases are brought into contact with the hot surface of a workpiece to be cooled at a high relative speed. According to a relatively recent process, the so-called "gas quenching", gas is brought into contact with the hot surface of the workpiece to be cooled under high pressure and at high outflow velocity.

Als nicht vorveröffentlichter Stand der Technik ist ein Abkühlverfahren für Rohre und andere Halbzeuge (z.B. Stäbe, Profile, Draht u.ä.) bekannt, bei dem die zu kühlenden Werkstücke, als Bündel oder auch einzeln, über ein formangepasstes Düsenfeld, über das Gas auf die Werkstücke geblasen wird, abgekühlt werden, während die Werkstücke durch das Düsenfeld bewegt werden. Dabei kann das Düsenfeld ebenso formangepasst eingehaust sein. Das Abkühlungsergebnis könnte jedoch noch besser sein, besonders für Werkstücke mit einer hohen Ausgangstemperatur von über 550°C.As a non-prepublished prior art, a cooling method for pipes and other semi-finished products (eg rods, profiles, wire, etc.) is known, in which the workpieces to be cooled, as a bundle or individually, via a shape-matched nozzle array, on the gas The workpieces are blown, cooled while the workpieces are moved through the nozzle field. The nozzle field can also be housed in a shape-adapted manner. However, the cooling result could be even better, especially for workpieces with a high outlet temperature of over 550 ° C.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein verbessertes Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens zur Abkühlung von Werkstücken zur Verfügung zu stellen.The object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and a device for carrying out this method for cooling workpieces.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird verfahrensseitig dadurch gelöst, dass das Werkstück in eine Kühlzone eingebracht wird, welche an eine Kaltbox angrenzt, und wobei ein Kühlmedium der Kaltbox zugeführt und über eine oder mehrere Düsen von der Kaltbox in die Kühlzone geleitet wird, wobei das Kühlmedium ein flüssiges Gas oder ein Flüssiggasgemisch umfasst, dessen Verdampfungswärme zur Kühlung der Kaltbox und/oder zur Kühlung der Werkstückoberfläche verwendet wird.The stated object is achieved in terms of the method in that the workpiece is introduced into a cooling zone which adjoins a cold box, and wherein a cooling medium is supplied to the cold box and passed via one or more nozzles from the cold box into the cooling zone, wherein the cooling medium is a liquid Gas or a liquefied gas mixture comprises, the heat of vaporization is used for cooling the cold box and / or for cooling the workpiece surface.

Erfindungsgemäß wird das über die Düsen in die Kühlzone eingeleitete Gas - im flüssigen oder gasförmigen Zustand - genutzt, um das Werkstück über Konvektion zu kühlen. Andererseits kühlt das Kühlmedium auch die Kaltbox, die an die Kühlzone angrenzt. Auf diese Weise wird der insbesondere bei hohen Temperaturen dominierende Wärmeübergang durch Strahlung verstärkt.According to the invention, the gas introduced into the cooling zone via the nozzles - in the liquid or gaseous state - is used to cool the workpiece by convection. On the other hand, the cooling medium also cools the cold box adjacent to the cooling zone. In this way, the dominating in particular at high temperatures heat transfer is amplified by radiation.

Als Kühlmedium wird vorzugsweise ein flüssiges Gas oder ein Gemisch aus Gasen in flüssiger und gasförmiger Form eingesetzt, dessen Verdampfungswärme zur Kühlung der Kaltbox und/oder zur Kühlung der Werkstückoberfläche verwendet wird. Die Umgebung des Werkstücks wird dabei auf eine Temperatur gebracht, die ein besonders effektives Abkühlen des Werkstücks ermöglicht. Besonders für den Fall, dass das Werkstück eine hohe Ausgangstemperatur von über 550°C aufweist, kann mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren dem Vorherrschen der Wärmeabgabe durch Wärmestrahlung, das in diesem Temperaturbereich gegenüber der Wärmeabgabe über Wärmetransport oder Konvektion vorliegt, Rechnung getragen werden.The cooling medium used is preferably a liquid gas or a mixture of gases in liquid and gaseous form, the heat of vaporization of which is used for cooling the cold box and / or for cooling the workpiece surface. The environment of the workpiece is brought to a temperature which allows a particularly effective cooling of the workpiece. Especially in the event that the workpiece has a high outlet temperature of about 550 ° C, the method according to the invention can take into account the prevalence of heat emission by thermal radiation, which is present in this temperature range over the heat transfer via heat transfer or convection.

Der Einsatz von flüssigem Gas oder oder eines Gemisches aus Gasen in flüssiger und gasförmiger Form weist zusätzlich zu der besonders vorteilhaft niedrigen Temperatur, die damit erreicht wird, die Vorteile eines sauberen, umweltfreundlichen Prozesses auf, in dem auf eine Nachreinigung des Werkstücks verzichtet werden kann, keine prozessbedingte Korrosion auftritt und der Prozessablauf aufgrund der guten Dosierbarkeit des Kühlmediums gut steuerbar ist. Insgesamt steht ein höchst effektives Abkühlungsverfahren in einer Vorrichtung mit lediglich geringer räumlicher Ausdehnung zur Verfügung.The use of liquid gas or or a mixture of gases in liquid and gaseous form, in addition to the particularly advantageous low temperature that is achieved with it, the advantages of a clean, environmentally friendly process in which can be dispensed with a post-cleaning of the workpiece, no process-related corrosion occurs and the process flow is well controlled due to the good metering of the cooling medium. Overall, a highly effective cooling method is available in a device with only little spatial expansion.

Bevorzugt wird das flüssige Gas oder das Flüssiggasgemisch in der Kaltbox ganz oder teilweise verdampft, wobei die Verdampfungswärme ganz oder teilweise zur Kühlung der Kaltbox verwendet wird.Preferably, the liquid gas or the liquid gas mixture is completely or partially evaporated in the cold box, wherein the heat of vaporization is used wholly or partly for cooling the cold box.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich wird das flüssige Gas oder ein Gemisch aus Gasen in flüssiger und gasförmiger Form vorteilhaft ganz oder teilweise direkt auf der Werkstückoberfläche durch Verdampfung wirksam, wobei die Verdampfungswärme ganz oder teilweise zur Kühlung der Werkstückoberfläche verwendet wird.Alternatively or additionally, the liquid gas or a mixture of gases in liquid and gaseous form is advantageously wholly or partially directly on the workpiece surface by evaporation, wherein the heat of vaporization is used wholly or partly for cooling the workpiece surface.

Gemäß einer besonders vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird das Werkstück durch die Kühlzone bewegt, wobei die Kühlzone der Form des Werkstücks angepasst ist, so dass das Kühlmedium einerseits hinreichend lange in der Kühlzone verbleibt, damit die Werkstückoberfläche ausreichend Wärme an das Kühlmedium abgeben kann und andererseits das nun aufgeheizte Kühlmedium mit hoher Geschindigkeit die Kühlzone verlässt.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the workpiece is moved through the cooling zone, wherein the cooling zone is adapted to the shape of the workpiece, so that the cooling medium on the one hand sufficiently long remains in the cooling zone, so that the workpiece surface can deliver sufficient heat to the cooling medium and on the other hand now heated cooling medium with high speed leaves the cooling zone.

Bevorzugt wird das flüssige Gas oder ein Gemisch aus Gasen in flüssiger und gasförmiger Form mit einer hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in die Kühlzone eingebracht.The liquid gas or a mixture of gases in liquid and gaseous form is preferably introduced into the cooling zone at a high flow rate.

Besonders bevorzugt wird als flüssiges Gas flüssiger Stickstoff, flüssiger Wasserstoff , flüssiges Helium oder flüssiges Argon eingesetzt. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird als Flüssiggasgemisch eine Gemisch aus zwei oder mehr der vorstehend genannten flüssigen Gase eingesetzt.Particular preference is given to using liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium or liquid argon as the liquid gas. According to an advantageous embodiment, a mixture of two or more of the abovementioned liquid gases is used as the liquid gas mixture.

Mit besonderem Vorteil werden dem flüssigen Gas oder dem Flüssiggasgemisch eine oder mehrere weitere Komponenten zugesetzt. Beispielsweise werden dem flüssigen Gas oder Flüssiggasgemisch Kohlendioxid und/oder Methan beigemischt.With particular advantage, one or more further components are added to the liquid gas or the liquid gas mixture. For example, the liquid gas or liquid mixture carbon dioxide and / or methane are mixed.

Vorrichtungsseitig wird die gestellte Aufgabe durch eine Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines Werkstücks mit einer Kaltbox mit einer Zuführung für ein Kühlmedium und einer oder mehreren Düsen und mit einer Kühlzone zur Aufnahme des Werkstücks gelöst, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Zuführung und die Düse(n) für die Einleitung von flüssigem Gas oder einem Flüssiggasgemisch geeignet ausgebildet sind.On the device side, the object is achieved by a device for cooling a workpiece with a cold box with a feed for a cooling medium and one or more nozzles and with a cooling zone for receiving the workpiece, which is characterized in that the feed and the nozzle (s) for the Introduction of liquid gas or a liquefied gas mixture are formed suitably.

Bevorzugt ist die Kaltbox als Einrichtung zur Verdampfung des flüssigen Gases oder des Flüssiggasgemisches vorgesehen.The cold box is preferably provided as a device for evaporating the liquid gas or the liquid gas mixture.

Besonders bevorzugt ist die Kaltbox der Form des Werkstücks (1) angepasst ausgebildet, so dass lediglich ein sehr geringer Abstand zwischen den Düsen für das Kühlmedium und der Werkstückoberfläche vorgesehen ist. Die Kaltbox und die Kühlzone grenzen von Vorteil aneinander an, so dass einerseits das über die Düsen aus der Kaltbox austretende Kühlmedium schnell mit dem Werkstück in Wärmeaustausch tritt und andererseits die von dem Werkstück ausgehende Wärmestrahlung von der Kaltbox aufgenommen wird. Die Kaltbox ist hierzu vorzugsweise so ausgebildet, dass diese das Werkstück an mehreren Seiten umgibt.Particularly preferably, the cold box is adapted to the shape of the workpiece (1), so that only a very small distance is provided between the nozzles for the cooling medium and the workpiece surface. The cold box and the cooling zone are advantageously adjacent to one another so that, on the one hand, the cooling medium exiting via the nozzles from the cold box rapidly exchanges heat with the workpiece and, on the other hand, the heat radiation emanating from the workpiece is absorbed by the cold box. The cold box is for this purpose preferably designed so that it surrounds the workpiece on several sides.

Gemäß einer besonders vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Kaltbox in zwei oder mehr Kaltboxabschnitte unterteilt, die jeweils durch einen Spalt im Düsenbereich voneinander beabstandet sind.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cold box is divided into two or more cold box sections, which are each spaced from each other by a gap in the nozzle area.

Desweiteren ist die Verwendung der vorstehend beschriebenen Vorrichtung zur Abkühlung metallischer Werkstücke, insbesondere zur Abkühlung von Rohren oder anderen Halbzeugen wie Stäben, Profilen oder Draht Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung.Furthermore, the use of the device described above for cooling metal workpieces, in particular for cooling pipes or other semi-finished products such as rods, profiles or wire is the subject of the present invention.

Die Erfindung bietet ein höchst effektives Abkühl- oder Abschreckverfahren, insbesondere für heiße Metallteile. Bei hohen Temperaturen erfolgt die Wärmeübertragung hauptsächlich durch Wärmestrahlung. Erfindungsgemäß wird die Kaltbox durch das zugeführte Flüssiggas auf niedriger Temperatur gehalten. Unmittelbar angrenzend an die Kaltbox befindet sich die Kühlzone zur Aufnahme des Werkstücks. Die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der Werkstückoberfläche und der Kaltbox wird durch die Kühlung der Kaltbox maximiert, so dass eine optimale Abkühlung durch Strahlung erfolgt. Zudem wird das Kühlmedium durch Düsenöffnungen in der Kaltbox auf die Werkstückoberfläche geführt. Diese Strömung bewirkt eine zusätzliche Abkühlung durch Konvektion. Insgesamt bietet die Erfindung damit eine besonders effiziente Ausnutzung der verschiedenen Wärmeübertragungsmechanismen.The invention provides a highly effective cooling or quenching process, especially for hot metal parts. At high temperatures, the heat transfer takes place mainly by heat radiation. According to the cold box is kept low temperature by the supplied LPG. Immediately adjacent to the cold box is the cooling zone for receiving the workpiece. The temperature difference between the workpiece surface and the cold box is maximized by the cooling of the cold box, so that an optimal cooling by radiation takes place. In addition, the cooling medium is guided through nozzle openings in the cold box on the workpiece surface. This flow causes additional cooling by convection. Overall, the invention offers thus a particularly efficient utilization of the various heat transfer mechanisms.

Die Erfindung sowie weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Im Einzelnen zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kaltbox mit Werkstück,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Dastellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kaltbox, die in drei Kaltboxabschnitte unterteilt ist und
Fig. 3
eine schematische Schnittdarstelltung der Fig. 2 entlang A-A.
The invention and further embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures. In detail show:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a cold box according to the invention with workpiece,
Fig. 2
a schematic Dastellung a cold box according to the invention, which is divided into three cold box sections and
Fig. 3
a schematic Schnittdarstelltung of FIG. 2 along AA.

Die Figur 1 zeigt ein Werkstück 1, hier ein Rohr 1, das entlang der durch den Pfeil 2 angezeigten Richtung durch die Kaltbox 3 bewegt wird, von der das Rohr 1 umhüllt wird. Die Kaltbox 3 ist der Form des Rohres 1 angepasst. Flüssiges Gas, hier z.B. flüssiger Stickstoff wird über die Zuführung 4 in die Kaltbox 3 kontinuierlich eingebracht. Je nach Erfordernis tritt über das Düsenfeld, das durch die Düsen 5 gebildet wird, das Gas noch als flüssiges Gas aus und wird unter Nutzung der Verdampfungswärme als sehr kaltes Kühlmedium mit hoher Strömungsgeschwindigkeit auf der Oberfläche des Werkstücks 1 wirksam.FIG. 1 shows a workpiece 1, here a tube 1, which is moved along the direction indicated by the arrow 2 through the cold box 3, from which the tube 1 is enveloped. The cold box 3 is adapted to the shape of the tube 1. Liquid gas, here e.g. Liquid nitrogen is introduced via the feed 4 in the cold box 3 continuously. Depending on the requirement, the gas still emerges as liquid gas via the nozzle field formed by the nozzles 5 and becomes effective on the surface of the workpiece 1 by using the heat of vaporization as a very cold cooling medium with a high flow velocity.

Im anderen Fall wirkt die Kaltbox 3 als Verdampfer. Die Verdampfungswärme wird in diesem Fall dann zum Abkühlen und Kalthalten der Kaltbox 3 genutzt.In the other case, the cold box 3 acts as an evaporator. The heat of vaporization is then used in this case for cooling and cold holding the cold box 3.

Bei beiden Varianten hat die Kaltbox 3 annähernd die Temperatur des flüssigen Gases. Das bedeutet, dass die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Werkstückoberfläche und Kaltboxoberfläche dauerhaft sehr groß ist und es zu einer entsprechenden Abkühlung des Werkstücks 1 über den Strahlungsmechanismus kommt, der wirksam durch den Wärmetransport infolge der ursprünglich sehr kalten Gasströmung 6 unterstützt wird.In both variants, the cold box 3 has approximately the temperature of the liquid gas. This means that the temperature difference between the workpiece surface and cold box surface is permanently very high and there is a corresponding cooling of the workpiece 1 via the radiation mechanism, which is effectively supported by the heat transfer due to the originally very cold gas flow 6.

Die Wirkung dieses Verfahrens kann so optimiert werden, dass die Obergrenze für die abgeführte Wärmemenge nicht mehr durch die zugeführte Menge an flüssigem Gas und dessen thermische Eigenschaften bestimmt wird, sondern der Wärmeleitungsmechanismus des Werkstücks 1 die Obergrenze vorgibt.The effect of this method can be optimized so that the upper limit for the amount of heat dissipated no longer by the supplied amount of liquid gas and whose thermal properties are determined, but the heat conduction mechanism of the workpiece 1 sets the upper limit.

Für das in der Figur 1 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel können folgende beispielhaften Werte angegeben werden: Ein Stahlrohr 1 mit einem Durchmesser von 60 mm und einer Wanddicke von 3 mm wird mit einer Geschwindigkeit von von 5 m/s durch die Kaltbox 3 bewegt. Die Ausgangstemperatur des Stahlrohrs 1 beträgt 1050°C. Die Endtemperatur nach der Abkühlung beträt z.B. 700°C. Dieses Endergebnis wird durch den Einsatz von flüssigem Stickstoff als Kühlmedium in einer Menge von 300 kg/h und einem Einspeisedruck von 3 bar erreicht. Das Düsenfeld weist hierbei 20 Düsen 5 mit einem Durchmesser von je 3 mm auf. Die Gesamtlänge der Kaltbox 3 beträgt 1200 mm.For the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the following exemplary values can be given: A steel tube 1 with a diameter of 60 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm is moved through the cold box 3 at a speed of 5 m / s. The starting temperature of the steel pipe 1 is 1050 ° C. The final temperature after cooling is e.g. 700 ° C. This end result is achieved by the use of liquid nitrogen as a cooling medium in an amount of 300 kg / h and a feed pressure of 3 bar. The nozzle field in this case has 20 nozzles 5 each with a diameter of 3 mm. The total length of the cold box 3 is 1200 mm.

Ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt die Figur 2. Hier ist die Kaltbox 3 in drei Kaltboxabschnitte 8 geteilt, zwischenen denen je über den Spalt 7 Gas in Form einer Gasströmung 6 austritt. Die Bewegung des Werkstücks erfolgt wieder in die durch den Pfeil 2 angezeigte Richtung. Das Werkstück 1 ist in diesem Beispiel ein Kupferprofil 1 mit einer größten Breite von 35 mm, das eine Strangpresse mit 100 m/min und einer Temperatur von 750°C verlässt. Die Endtemperatur nach der Abkühlung soll 200°C betragen. Das Kupferprofil 1 wird durch die in der Figur 2 dargestellte Vorrichtung bewegt und dabei mit Hilfe eines über die Zuführung 4 eingespeisten und über die Düsen 5 in den einzelnen Kaltboxabschnitten 8 abgegebenen Flüssiggasgemisches abgekühlt. Dabei kommt entweder flüssiges Helium oder als kostengünstigere Variante ein Gemisch aus 95% flüssigem Stickstoff und 5% gasförmigem Wasserstoff zum Einsatz. Der Gasverbrauch beträgt 350 kg/h.A further embodiment is shown in FIG 2. Here, the cold box 3 is divided into three cold box sections 8, between each of which via the gap 7 gas in the form of a gas flow 6 exits. The movement of the workpiece is again in the direction indicated by the arrow 2 direction. The workpiece 1 is in this example a copper profile 1 with a maximum width of 35 mm, which leaves an extruder at 100 m / min and a temperature of 750 ° C. The final temperature after cooling should be 200 ° C. The copper profile 1 is moved through the device shown in Figure 2 and thereby cooled by means of a fed via the feed 4 and discharged via the nozzles 5 in the individual cold box sections 8 liquid gas mixture. In this case either liquid helium or, as a more cost-effective variant, a mixture of 95% liquid nitrogen and 5% gaseous hydrogen is used. The gas consumption is 350 kg / h.

Aufgrund der anderen Temperaturverhältnisse spielt in diesem Beispiel der Wärmetransport mit der Gasströmung 6 eine größere Rolle als in dem Beispiel der Figur 1. Um die Strömungsverhältnisse für die Gasströmung 6 zu optimieren und den Gasaustritt trotz engster Spalte 9 zu gewährleisten, wurde hier die Kaltbox 3 in drei Kaltboxabschnitte 8 geteilt. Die Abstände 7 zwischen den Kaltboxabschnitten 8 könne je nach den konkreten Erfordernissen verschiedener Anwendungsfälle verändert und optimiert werden.Due to the different temperature conditions in this example, the heat transfer plays with the gas flow 6 a greater role than in the example of Figure 1. In order to optimize the flow conditions for the gas flow 6 and to ensure gas leakage despite the narrowest column 9, here was the cold box 3 in divided three cold box sections 8. The distances 7 between the cold box sections 8 could be changed and optimized depending on the specific requirements of different applications.

Die Figur 3 zeigt eine Schnittdarstelltung der Fig. 2 entlang A-A. Hier ist besonders gut die dem Werkstück 1 angepasste Form der Kaltbox 3 bzw. des gezeigten Kaltboxabschnittes 8 zu erkennen, durch die die Düsen 5 vorteilhaft immer in einem gleichbleibend geringen Abstand 9 zur Werkstückoberfläche positioniert sind.3 shows a Schnittdarstelltung of Fig. 2 along A-A. Here is particularly well adapted to the workpiece 1 shape of the cold box 3 and the shown cold box section 8 can be seen by the nozzles 5 are advantageously always positioned in a consistently small distance 9 to the workpiece surface.

Claims (15)

Verfahren zum Abkühlen eines Werkstücks (1), wobei das Werkstück (1) in eine Kühlzone (10) eingebracht wird, welche an eine Kaltbox (3) angrenzt, und wobei ein Kühlmedium der Kaltbox (3) zugeführt und über eine oder mehrere Düsen (5) von der Kaltbox (3) in die Kühlzone (10) geleitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kühlmedium ein flüssiges Gas oder ein Flüssiggasgemisch umfasst, dessen Verdampfungswärme zur Kühlung der Kaltbox (3) und/oder zur Kühlung der Werkstückoberfläche (1) verwendet wird.Method for cooling a workpiece (1), wherein the workpiece (1) is introduced into a cooling zone (10) which adjoins a cold box (3), and wherein a cooling medium is fed to the cold box (3) and via one or more nozzles ( 5) from the cold box (3) into the cooling zone (10), characterized in that the cooling medium comprises a liquid gas or a liquid gas mixture whose heat of vaporization for cooling the cold box (3) and / or for cooling the workpiece surface (1) is used. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das flüssige Gas oder das Flüssiggasgemisch in der Kaltbox (3) ganz oder teilweise verdampft wird, wobei die Verdampfungswärme ganz oder teilweise zur Kühlung der Kaltbox (3) verwendet wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid gas or the liquid gas mixture in the cold box (3) is completely or partially evaporated, wherein the heat of vaporization is used in whole or in part for cooling the cold box (3). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das flüssige Gas oder das Flüssiggasgemisch in der Kühlzone (10) ganz oder teilweise verdampft wird, wobei die Verdampfungswärme ganz oder teilweise zur Kühlung der Werkstückoberfläche verwendet wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the liquid gas or the liquid gas mixture in the cooling zone (10) is completely or partially evaporated, wherein the heat of vaporization is used wholly or partly for cooling the workpiece surface. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkstück (1) während der Abkühlung durch die Kühlzone (10) bewegt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the workpiece (1) during cooling by the cooling zone (10) is moved. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühlzone (10) der Form des Werkstücks (1) angepasst ist, so dass das Kühlmedium lediglich einen sehr geringen Weg (9) zwischen der oder den Düsen (5), durch die das Kühlmedium eingeleitet wird, und der Werkstückoberfläche zurücklegt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cooling zone (10) is adapted to the shape of the workpiece (1), so that the cooling medium only a very small way (9) between the nozzle or nozzles (5) the cooling medium is introduced, and the workpiece surface travels. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das flüssige Gas oder Flüssiggasgemisch mit einer hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in die Kühlzone (10) eingebracht wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the liquid gas or liquid mixture is introduced at a high flow rate in the cooling zone (10). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als flüssiges Gas flüssiger Stickstoff, flüssiger Wasserstoff , flüssiges Helium oder flüssiges Argon eingesetzt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that as the liquid gas liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium or liquid argon is used. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Flüssiggasgemisch eine Gemisch aus zwei oder mehr der in Anspruch 7 genannten flüssigen Gase eingesetzt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a mixture of two or more of the liquid gases mentioned in claim 7 is used as the liquid gas mixture. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem flüssigen Gas oder dem Flüssiggasgemisch eine oder mehrere weitere Komponenten zugesetzt werden.A method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the liquid gas or the liquid gas mixture, one or more further components are added. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem flüssigen Gas oder Flüssiggasgemisch Kohlendioxid und/oder Methan beigemischt werden.A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the liquid gas or liquid mixture carbon dioxide and / or methane are mixed. Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines Werkstücks (1) mit einer einer Kaltbox (3) mit einer Zuführung (4) für ein Kühlmedium und einer oder mehreren Düsen (5) und mit einer Kühlzone (10) zur Aufnahme des Werkstücks (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zuführung (4) und die Düse(n) (5) für die Einleitung von flüssigem Gas oder einem Flüssiggasgemisch geeignet ausgebildet sind.Device for cooling a workpiece (1) with a cold box (3) with a feed (4) for a cooling medium and one or more nozzles (5) and with a cooling zone (10) for receiving the workpiece (1), characterized that the feeder (4) and the nozzle (s) (5) are suitable for the introduction of liquid gas or a liquid gas mixture. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kaltbox (3) als Einrichtung zur Verdampfung des flüssigen Gases oder des Flüssiggasgemisches vorgesehen ist.Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the cold box (3) is provided as a means for evaporating the liquid gas or the liquid gas mixture. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kaltbox (3) der Form des Werkstücks (1) angepasst ausgebildet ist, so dass lediglich ein sehr geringer Abstand (9) zwischen den Düsen (5) für das Kühlmedium und der Werkstückoberfläche vorgesehen ist.Apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the cold box (3) is adapted to the shape of the workpiece (1), so that only a very small distance (9) between the nozzles (5) provided for the cooling medium and the workpiece surface is. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kaltbox (3) in zwei oder mehr Kaltboxabschnitte (8) unterteilt ist, die jeweils durch einen Spalt (7) im Düsenbereich voneinander beabstandet sind.Device according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the cold box (3) is divided into two or more cold box sections (8) which are each spaced from each other by a gap (7) in the nozzle area. Verwendung der Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14 zur Abkühlung metallischer Werkstücke (1), insbesondere zur Abkühlung von Rohren oder anderen Halbzeugen wie Stäben, Profilen oder Draht.Use of the device according to one of claims 11 to 14 for cooling metallic workpieces (1), in particular for cooling pipes or other semi-finished products such as rods, profiles or wire.
EP06015701A 2006-03-21 2006-07-27 Process and installation for rapid cooling of workpieces Not-in-force EP1837410B1 (en)

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CN111360092A (en) * 2020-03-25 2020-07-03 合肥市华佳鑫自动化科技有限公司 Be used for aluminium alloy extrusion production line heat sink

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CN108981403A (en) * 2018-08-09 2018-12-11 唐山国丰钢铁有限公司 A kind of cooling device applied on metallurgy

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DK1837410T3 (en) 2009-12-21
EP1837410B1 (en) 2009-08-26
BRPI0700848A (en) 2008-01-15
US20070220906A1 (en) 2007-09-27
ES2332811T3 (en) 2010-02-12
DE502006004656D1 (en) 2009-10-08
ATE440970T1 (en) 2009-09-15
DE102006012985A1 (en) 2007-10-11

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