EP1826396A1 - Common rail fuel injection system - Google Patents

Common rail fuel injection system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1826396A1
EP1826396A1 EP06124129A EP06124129A EP1826396A1 EP 1826396 A1 EP1826396 A1 EP 1826396A1 EP 06124129 A EP06124129 A EP 06124129A EP 06124129 A EP06124129 A EP 06124129A EP 1826396 A1 EP1826396 A1 EP 1826396A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rail
fuel
pressure
valve device
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06124129A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1826396B1 (en
Inventor
Martin Kessler
Stephan Tafel
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP1826396A1 publication Critical patent/EP1826396A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
    • F02D41/3836—Controlling the fuel pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/04—Means for damping vibrations or pressure fluctuations in injection pump inlets or outlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/023—Means for varying pressure in common rails
    • F02M63/0235—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure
    • F02M63/025—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure from the common rail
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0602—Fuel pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/04—Fuel pressure pulsation in common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
    • F02D41/3836—Controlling the fuel pressure
    • F02D41/3845—Controlling the fuel pressure by controlling the flow into the common rail, e.g. the amount of fuel pumped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/31—Fuel-injection apparatus having hydraulic pressure fluctuations damping elements
    • F02M2200/315—Fuel-injection apparatus having hydraulic pressure fluctuations damping elements for damping fuel pressure fluctuations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0043—Two-way valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a common rail fuel system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating a common rail fuel system according to the preamble of the independent claim.
  • Common rail fuel systems are known from the market, in which the fuel is conveyed from a fuel tank via an electric pre-feed pump to a mechanically driven high-pressure pump. This compresses the fuel to a very high pressure and further promotes it in a high-pressure fuel storage, which is also referred to as a "common rail". To these several injectors are connected, which inject the fuel directly into their associated combustion chambers.
  • the injection processes through the individual injectors are pulsed. This only very brief outflow of fuel from the rail via the injectors can cause significant pressure fluctuations or pressure oscillations in the rail. These pressure oscillations continue in those areas of the common rail fuel system that are directly connected to the rail, for example, to other injectors. In other words, the operation of an injector leads to a pressure oscillation in the rail, which influences the metering accuracy of the other injectors.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a common rail fuel system, in whose high-pressure region, in particular in the rail, there is a constant possible pressure. This should be possible with simple means and little effort.
  • the inventively provided valve device which is connected to the rail, influence is taken on the dynamic pressure in the rail by the inflow and / or outflow of fuel from the rail is affected.
  • the valve device is controlled for this purpose in such a way that high-frequency pressure oscillations of the fuel stored in the rail are reduced. This can be done, for example, by allowing fuel to flow out of the rail during a pressure peak and / or by reducing or stopping the flow of fuel to the rail. Conversely, in the case of a pressure chamber, an inflow of fuel can be allowed to be increased and / or an outflow can be prevented.
  • a simple realization is, for example, to control the valve device with the frequency of the high-frequency vibrations and optionally with a phase shift with respect to the high-frequency oscillations.
  • the high-frequency vibrations can either be detected by a sensor or calculated by means of a suitable numerical model.
  • the rail itself and the components connected to the rail are relieved in this way, which benefits their life comes.
  • the valve device can also be controlled with a pre-controlled signal, which depends, for example, on a rotational speed and an operating point of the internal combustion engine.
  • the inventively provided valve device can work without burdening an electrical power supply strong.
  • the power loss of such an electric valve device is low, with correspondingly low heat generation.
  • the valve device according to the invention can also build comparatively small. Powerful and therefore costly adjusting device together with associated power output stages are not required. Overall, the smoothing of the pressure oscillations is made possible by the inventively provided valve device and their corresponding control with little effort and low cost.
  • valve device is arranged fluidically in a delivery line between the fuel pump and the rail.
  • a valve device in a return line between the rail and, for example, a low pressure region, but this would considerably reduce the efficiency of the common rail fuel system. This effect is avoided by an arrangement between the fuel pump and rail.
  • valve device is arranged in a bypass line to a delivery line between the fuel pump and rail, and that the bypass line is connected to a hydraulic storage volume.
  • the main supply of the rail so the setting of the prevailing in this mean fuel pressure, directly via the promotion of the fuel from the fuel pump via the delivery line to the rail.
  • the "alternating portion" of the fuel pressure in the rail is reduced by the hydraulic storage volume, which is switched by means of the valve device depending on the high-frequency pressure oscillations more or less (at a pressure relief valve valve device) or digitally (at a switching valve valve device).
  • the valve device may comprise, for example, a pressure relief valve. This is then controlled by a signal which corresponds to the one to be attenuated Pressure oscillations is modulated. In this way, even low-frequency pressure oscillations can be smoothed relatively clean.
  • a simple design variant comprises a valve device with a switching valve.
  • the fuel flow delivered to the rail by the fuel pump is "clocked" in accordance with the pressure vibrations to be damped.
  • a common-rail fuel system as a whole bears the reference numeral 10. It belongs to an internal combustion engine, which, however, is not shown in detail. The internal combustion engine in turn serves to drive a motor vehicle, which is likewise not shown in FIG.
  • the common rail fuel system 10 includes a fuel tank 12 from which an electric feed pump 14 delivers the fuel to a high pressure fuel pump 16 mechanically driven by the engine. This is generally a piston pump. From the high-pressure fuel pump 16, a delivery line 18 leads to a high-pressure fuel accumulator 20, to which a plurality of injectors 22 are connected.
  • the high-pressure fuel accumulator 20 is therefore also referred to as “rail” or “common rail”.
  • the injectors 22 inject the fuel directly into a respective associated combustion chamber (not shown).
  • the pressure of the fuel which prevails in the rail 20 is detected by a pressure sensor 24 in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the corresponding signal 26 is fed to a control and regulating device 28.
  • a valve device 30 is arranged in the delivery line 18 between the high-pressure fuel pump 16 and rail 20, .
  • this comprises a pressure regulating or pressure limiting valve 32 with a magnetic actuator 34.
  • the latter receives a corresponding control signal 36 from the control and regulating device 28.
  • the injectors 22 are alternately driven in accordance with a firing order of the internal combustion engine to inject the fuel into the combustion chambers.
  • the injection is usually carried out in the form of a comparatively short injection pulse.
  • a pressure p of the fuel in the rail 20 decreases, whereas it rises again between two injections due to the subsequent delivery by the high-pressure fuel pump 16, corresponding to the dashed curve in FIG.
  • the pressure control valve 32 of the valve device 30 is controlled by the control and regulating device 28 with the frequency of the high-frequency oscillations and optionally with a phase shift relative to the high-frequency vibrations of the pressure in the rail 20.
  • a control signal 36 is generated by the control and regulating device 28, which is modulated depending on the signal 26 of the pressure sensor 24.
  • FIG. 10 An alternative embodiment of a common rail fuel system 10 is shown in FIG.
  • elements and regions which have equivalent functions to previously described elements and regions bear the same reference numerals and are not explained again in detail.
  • valve means 30, which is arranged in the delivery line 18 between the high-pressure fuel pump 16 and rail 20, no pressure control valve, but a switching valve in the form of a 2/2-way valve 42.
  • the mean pressure in the rail 20th is set via a separate pressure control valve 44.
  • the volume flow flowing from the high-pressure fuel pump 16 via the delivery line 18 to the rail 20 is "clocked" by means of the switching valve 42.
  • FIG 4 A further modified embodiment is shown in FIG 4: In this fluidly parallel to the delivery line 18, a bypass line 46 is present in the, seen from the high-pressure fuel pump 16 to the rail 20, first a check valve 48, then a hydraulic storage volume 50 and finally the already off Figures 1 and 3 known valve means 30 are arranged in the form of a pressure control valve 32.
  • the check valve 48 shuts off the area between the high-pressure fuel pump 16 and the hydraulic storage volume 50 to the hydraulic storage volume 50.
  • valve means 30 is used with the pressure control valve 32 to reduce pressure oscillations in the rail 20.
  • the setting of the average value of the pressure in the rail 20 substantially via the adjustable delivery of the high-pressure fuel pump 16, whereas the reduction of the actual vibrations, ie the alternating component of the pressure p in the rail 20, through the over the pressure control valve 32 modulated addition of the hydraulic accumulator volume 50 is happening.
  • the pressure regulating valve 32 arranged in the bypass line 46 can also be realized by a switching valve 42.
  • the connection of the rail 20 with the hydraulic storage volume 50 is "clocked".
  • a pressure sensor 24 is at least not suitable for the smoothing function of the pressure curve which is in the foreground here is provided in the rail 20. Instead, a numerical model of the pressure conditions in the rail 20 is used to generate the control signal 36.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

Fuel system has fuel pump (16) which pumps fuel into a rail (20). It has injectors (22) through which fuel flows out of the rail at least at times. Common rail system has a valve device (30) connected to rail and controlled by a calculated or determined pressure in the rail in such a way that high frequency pressure vibrations of the fuel stored in the rail are avoided.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ferner ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystems nach dem Oberbegriff des nebengeordneten Patentanspruchs.The invention relates to a common rail fuel system according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a method for operating a common rail fuel system according to the preamble of the independent claim.

Vom Markt her bekannt sind Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsysteme, bei denen der Kraftstoff aus einem Kraftstoffbehälter über eine elektrische Vorförderpumpe zu einer mechanisch angetriebenen Hochdruckpumpe gefördert wird. Diese verdichtet den Kraftstoff auf einen sehr hohen Druck und fördert ihn weiter in einen Kraftstoff-Hochdruckspeicher, der auch als "Common-Rail" bezeichnet wird. An diesen sind mehrere Injektoren angeschlossen, die den Kraftstoff direkt in ihnen zugeordnete Brennräume einspritzen.Common rail fuel systems are known from the market, in which the fuel is conveyed from a fuel tank via an electric pre-feed pump to a mechanically driven high-pressure pump. This compresses the fuel to a very high pressure and further promotes it in a high-pressure fuel storage, which is also referred to as a "common rail". To these several injectors are connected, which inject the fuel directly into their associated combustion chambers.

Die Einspritzvorgänge durch die einzelnen Injektoren sind impulsartig. Durch dieses nur sehr kurzzeitige Abströmen von Kraftstoff aus dem Rail über die Injektoren kann es im Rail zu erheblichen Druckschwankungen beziehungsweise Druckschwingungen kommen. Diese Druckschwingungen setzen sich auch in solche Bereiche des Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem fort, die unmittelbar an das Rail angeschlossen sind, beispielsweise bis zu anderen Injektoren. Mit anderen Worten: Die Betätigung eines Injektors führt zu einer Druckschwingung im Rail, die die Zumessgenauigkeit der anderen Injektoren beeinflusst.The injection processes through the individual injectors are pulsed. This only very brief outflow of fuel from the rail via the injectors can cause significant pressure fluctuations or pressure oscillations in the rail. These pressure oscillations continue in those areas of the common rail fuel system that are directly connected to the rail, for example, to other injectors. In other words, the operation of an injector leads to a pressure oscillation in the rail, which influences the metering accuracy of the other injectors.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem zu schaffen, in dessen Hochdruckbereich, insbesondere in dessen Rail, ein möglichst konstanter Druck herrscht. Dies soll mit einfachen Mitteln und geringem Aufwand realisiert werden können.Object of the present invention is to provide a common rail fuel system, in whose high-pressure region, in particular in the rail, there is a constant possible pressure. This should be possible with simple means and little effort.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird durch ein Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystems mit den Merkmalen des nebengeordneten Patentanspruchs 7 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. Weitere wichtige Merkmale der Erfindung finden sich in der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung. Dabei können die Merkmale alleine oder in ganz unterschiedlichen Kombinationen für die Erfindung wichtig sein, ohne dass an der entsprechenden Stelle darauf hingewiesen wird.The object is achieved by a common rail fuel system having the features of claim 1 and a method for operating a common rail fuel system with the features of the independent claim 7. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims. Other important features of the invention can be found in the description and the drawing. The features alone or in very different combinations may be important to the invention without reference being made to it at the appropriate place.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Durch die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Ventileinrichtung, die mit dem Rail verbunden ist, wird Einfluss auf den dynamischen Druck im Rail genommen, indem das Zuströmen und/oder das Abströmen von Kraftstoff aus dem Rail beeinflusst wird. Die Ventileinrichtung wird zu diesem Zweck derart angesteuert, dass hochfrequente Druckschwingungen des im Rail gespeicherten Kraftstoffs vermindert werden. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch geschehen, dass während eines Druckbergs ein Abströmen von Kraftstoff aus dem Rail ermöglicht und/oder ein Zuströmen von Kraftstoff zum Rail verringert oder gestoppt wird. Umgekehrt kann bei einem Drucktal ein Zuströmen von Kraftstoff verstärkt zugelassen und/oder ein Abströmen verhindert werden.The inventively provided valve device which is connected to the rail, influence is taken on the dynamic pressure in the rail by the inflow and / or outflow of fuel from the rail is affected. The valve device is controlled for this purpose in such a way that high-frequency pressure oscillations of the fuel stored in the rail are reduced. This can be done, for example, by allowing fuel to flow out of the rail during a pressure peak and / or by reducing or stopping the flow of fuel to the rail. Conversely, in the case of a pressure chamber, an inflow of fuel can be allowed to be increased and / or an outflow can be prevented.

Damit können hochfrequente Druckschwingungen des im Rail gespeicherten Kraftstoffes, die beispielsweise durch die Betätigung von Injektoren, die an das Rail angeschlossen sind, hervorgerufen werden, verringert und damit der Druckverlauf des im Rail gespeicherten Kraftstoffs geglättet werden. Eine einfache Realisierung besteht beispielsweise darin, die Ventileinrichtung mit der Frequenz der hochfrequenten Schwingungen und gegebenenfalls mit einer Phasenverschiebung gegenüber den hochfrequenten Schwingungen anzusteuern. Die hochfrequenten Schwingungen können dabei entweder von einem Sensor erfasst oder mittels eines geeigneten numerischen Modells berechnet werden. Das Rail selbst und die an das Rail angeschlossenen Komponenten werden auf diese Weise entlastet, was deren Lebensdauer zugute kommt. Für eine gute Dynamik kann die Ventileinrichtung auch mit einem vorgesteuerten Signal angesteuert werden, welches beispielsweise von einer Drehzahl und einem Betriebspunkt der Brennkraftmaschine abhängt.This can high-frequency pressure oscillations of the fuel stored in the rail, which are caused for example by the operation of injectors which are connected to the rail, reduced, and thus the pressure profile of the fuel stored in the rail can be smoothed. A simple realization is, for example, to control the valve device with the frequency of the high-frequency vibrations and optionally with a phase shift with respect to the high-frequency oscillations. The high-frequency vibrations can either be detected by a sensor or calculated by means of a suitable numerical model. The rail itself and the components connected to the rail are relieved in this way, which benefits their life comes. For good dynamics, the valve device can also be controlled with a pre-controlled signal, which depends, for example, on a rotational speed and an operating point of the internal combustion engine.

Dabei kann die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Ventileinrichtung arbeiten, ohne eine elektrische Stromversorgung stark zu belasten. Auch die Verlustleistung einer solchen elektrischen Ventileinrichtung ist gering, mit entsprechend geringer Wärmeerzeugung. Die erfindungsgemäße Ventileinrichtung kann darüber hinaus vergleichsweise klein bauen. Kräftige und damit kostenintensive Stelleinrichtung nebst zugehörigen Leistungsendstufen sind nicht erforderlich. Insgesamt wird das Glätten der Druckschwingungen durch die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Ventileinrichtung und deren entsprechende Ansteuerung mit geringem Aufwand und geringen Kosten ermöglicht.In this case, the inventively provided valve device can work without burdening an electrical power supply strong. The power loss of such an electric valve device is low, with correspondingly low heat generation. The valve device according to the invention can also build comparatively small. Powerful and therefore costly adjusting device together with associated power output stages are not required. Overall, the smoothing of the pressure oscillations is made possible by the inventively provided valve device and their corresponding control with little effort and low cost.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Ventileinrichtung fluidisch in einer Förderleitung zwischen der Kraftstoffpumpe und dem Rail angeordnet ist. Grundsätzlich ist es zwar auch denkbar, eine Ventileinrichtung fluidisch in einer Rücklaufleitung zwischen dem Rail und beispielsweise einem Niederdruckbereich anzuordnen, hierdurch würde der Wirkungsgrad des Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystems jedoch erheblich verringert. Dieser Effekt wird durch eine Anordnung zwischen Kraftstoffpumpe und Rail vermieden.It is particularly advantageous if the valve device is arranged fluidically in a delivery line between the fuel pump and the rail. In principle, it is also conceivable to fluidly arrange a valve device in a return line between the rail and, for example, a low pressure region, but this would considerably reduce the efficiency of the common rail fuel system. This effect is avoided by an arrangement between the fuel pump and rail.

Möglich ist auch, dass die Ventileinrichtung in einer Bypassleitung zu einer Förderleitung zwischen Kraftstoffpumpe und Rail angeordnet ist, und dass die Bypassleitung mit einem hydraulischen Speichervolumen verbunden ist. Damit erfolgt die Hauptversorgung des Rails, also die Einstellung des in diesem herrschenden mittleren Kraftstoffdrucks, direkt über die Förderung des Kraftstoffs von der Kraftstoffpumpe über die Förderleitung zum Rail. Der "Wechselanteil" des Kraftstoffdrucks im Rail wird durch das hydraulische Speichervolumen reduziert, welches mittels der Ventileinrichtung abhängig von den hochfrequenten Druckschwingungen mehr oder weniger (bei einem Druckbegrenzungsventil als Ventileinrichtung) oder digital (bei einem Schaltventil als Ventileinrichtung) zugeschaltet wird.It is also possible that the valve device is arranged in a bypass line to a delivery line between the fuel pump and rail, and that the bypass line is connected to a hydraulic storage volume. Thus, the main supply of the rail, so the setting of the prevailing in this mean fuel pressure, directly via the promotion of the fuel from the fuel pump via the delivery line to the rail. The "alternating portion" of the fuel pressure in the rail is reduced by the hydraulic storage volume, which is switched by means of the valve device depending on the high-frequency pressure oscillations more or less (at a pressure relief valve valve device) or digitally (at a switching valve valve device).

Die Ventileinrichtung kann beispielsweise ein Druckbegrenzungsventil umfassen. Diese wird dann mit einem Signal angesteuert, welches entsprechend den zu dämpfenden Druckschwingungen moduliert ist. Auf diese Weise können auch eher niederfrequente Druckschwingungen vergleichsweise sauber geglättet werden.The valve device may comprise, for example, a pressure relief valve. This is then controlled by a signal which corresponds to the one to be attenuated Pressure oscillations is modulated. In this way, even low-frequency pressure oscillations can be smoothed relatively clean.

Eine einfacher bauende Variante umfasst eine Ventileinrichtung mit einem Schaltventil. In diesem Fall wird der von der Kraftstoffpumpe zum Rail geförderte Kraftstoffstrom entsprechend der zu dämpfenden Druckschwingungen "getaktet".A simple design variant comprises a valve device with a switching valve. In this case, the fuel flow delivered to the rail by the fuel pump is "clocked" in accordance with the pressure vibrations to be damped.

Zeichnungendrawings

Nachfolgend werden besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegende Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystems;
Figur 2
ein Diagramm, in dem der Verlauf eines in einem Rail des Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystems von Figur 10 herrschenden Drucks über der Zeit aufgetragen ist;
Figur 3
eine schematische Darstellung ähnlich Figur 1 eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystems;
Figur 4
eine schematische Darstellung ähnlich Figur 1 eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystems; und
Figur 5
eine schematische Darstellung ähnlich Figur 1 eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystems.
Hereinafter, particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawing show:
FIG. 1
a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a common rail fuel system;
FIG. 2
a diagram in which the course of a prevailing in a rail of the common rail fuel system of Figure 10 pressure is plotted against time;
FIG. 3
a schematic representation similar to Figure 1 of a second embodiment of a common rail fuel system;
FIG. 4
a schematic representation similar to Figure 1 of a third embodiment of a common rail fuel system; and
FIG. 5
a schematic representation similar to Figure 1 of a fourth embodiment of a common rail fuel system.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

In Figur 1 trägt ein Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem insgesamt das Bezugszeichen 10. Es gehört zu einer Brennkraftmaschine, die jedoch im Einzelnen nicht gezeigt ist. Die Brennkraftmaschine wiederum dient zum Antrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs, welches in Figur 1 ebenfalls nicht gezeigt ist.In FIG. 1, a common-rail fuel system as a whole bears the reference numeral 10. It belongs to an internal combustion engine, which, however, is not shown in detail. The internal combustion engine in turn serves to drive a motor vehicle, which is likewise not shown in FIG.

Das Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem 10 umfasst einen Kraftstoffbehälter 12, aus dem eine elektrische Vorförderpumpe 14 den Kraftstoff zu einer mechanisch von der Brennkraftmaschine angetriebenen Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 16 fördert. Bei dieser handelt es sich im Allgemeinen um eine Kolbenpumpe. Von der Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 16 führt eine Förderleitung 18 zu einem Kraftstoff-Hochdruckspeicher 20, an den mehrere Injektoren 22 angeschlossen sind. Der Hochdruck-Kraftstoffspeicher 20 wird daher auch als "Rail" oder "Common-Rail" bezeichnet. Die Injektoren 22 spritzen den Kraftstoff direkt in einen ihnen jeweils zugeordneten Brennraum (nicht dargestellt) ein.The common rail fuel system 10 includes a fuel tank 12 from which an electric feed pump 14 delivers the fuel to a high pressure fuel pump 16 mechanically driven by the engine. This is generally a piston pump. From the high-pressure fuel pump 16, a delivery line 18 leads to a high-pressure fuel accumulator 20, to which a plurality of injectors 22 are connected. The high-pressure fuel accumulator 20 is therefore also referred to as "rail" or "common rail". The injectors 22 inject the fuel directly into a respective associated combustion chamber (not shown).

Der Druck des Kraftstoffes, der im Rail 20 herrscht, wird im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel von einem Drucksensor 24 erfasst. Das entsprechende Signal 26 wird einer Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 28 zugeführt. In der Förderleitung 18 zwischen Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 16 und Rail 20 ist eine Ventileinrichtung 30 angeordnet. Diese umfasst in dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ein Druckregel- oder Druckbegrenzungsventil 32 mit einem Magnetaktor 34. Dieser erhält ein entsprechendes Steuersignal 36 von der Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 28.The pressure of the fuel which prevails in the rail 20 is detected by a pressure sensor 24 in the present exemplary embodiment. The corresponding signal 26 is fed to a control and regulating device 28. In the delivery line 18 between the high-pressure fuel pump 16 and rail 20, a valve device 30 is arranged. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, this comprises a pressure regulating or pressure limiting valve 32 with a magnetic actuator 34. The latter receives a corresponding control signal 36 from the control and regulating device 28.

Im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine und des Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystems 10 werden die Injektoren 22 abwechselnd entsprechend einer Zündfolge der Brennkraftmaschine angesteuert, um den Kraftstoff in die Brennräume einzuspritzen. Die Einspritzung erfolgt dabei üblicherweise in Form eines vergleichsweise kurzen Einspritzimpulses. Während eines solchen Einspritzimpulses sinkt ein Druck p des Kraftstoffes im Rail 20, wohingegen er zwischen zwei Einspritzungen aufgrund der Nachförderung durch die Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 16 wieder ansteigt, entsprechend der gestrichelten Kurve in Figur 2.In operation of the internal combustion engine and the common rail fuel system 10, the injectors 22 are alternately driven in accordance with a firing order of the internal combustion engine to inject the fuel into the combustion chambers. The injection is usually carried out in the form of a comparatively short injection pulse. During such an injection pulse, a pressure p of the fuel in the rail 20 decreases, whereas it rises again between two injections due to the subsequent delivery by the high-pressure fuel pump 16, corresponding to the dashed curve in FIG.

Durch eine solche hochfrequente Schwingung des Drucks p im Rail 20 würde dieses ebenso wie die mit ihm verbundenen Komponenten relativ hohen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Daher wird im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel das Druckregelventil 32 der Ventileinrichtung 30 von der Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 28 mit der Frequenz der hochfrequenten Schwingungen und gegebenenfalls mit einer Phasenverschiebung gegenüber den hochfrequenten Schwingungen des Drucks im Rail 20 angesteuert. Hierzu wird von der Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 28 ein Steuersignal 36 erzeugt, welches abhängig von dem Signal 26 des Drucksensors 24 moduliert ist.Such a high-frequency oscillation of the pressure p in the rail 20 would expose it, as well as the components connected to it, to relatively high loads. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the pressure control valve 32 of the valve device 30 is controlled by the control and regulating device 28 with the frequency of the high-frequency oscillations and optionally with a phase shift relative to the high-frequency vibrations of the pressure in the rail 20. For this purpose, a control signal 36 is generated by the control and regulating device 28, which is modulated depending on the signal 26 of the pressure sensor 24.

Auf diese Weise wird die Förderung von Kraftstoff von der Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 16 über die Förderleitung 18 zum Rail 20 während eines Druckbergs (Bezugszeichen 38 in Figur 2) reduziert, wohingegen die Förderung während eines Drucktals (Bezugszeichen 40 in Figur 2) vom Druckregelventil 32 freigegeben wird. Hierdurch werden die Druckschwingungen im Rail 20 geglättet, was zu der durch eine durchgezogene Linie dargestellten geglätteten Kurve für den Druck p in Figur 2 führt.In this way, the delivery of fuel from the high-pressure fuel pump 16 via the delivery line 18 to the rail 20 during a pressure peak (reference numeral 38 in Figure 2) is reduced, whereas the delivery during a pressure valley (reference numeral 40 in Figure 2) released from the pressure control valve 32 becomes. As a result, the pressure oscillations in the rail 20 are smoothed, which leads to the smoothed curve represented by a solid line for the pressure p in FIG.

Eine alternative Ausführungsform eines Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystems 10 ist in Figur 3 gezeigt. Dabei gilt hier wie nachfolgend, dass solche Elemente und Bereiche, welche äquivalente Funktionen zu vorab beschriebenen Elementen und Bereichen aufweisen, die gleichen Bezugszeichen tragen und nicht nochmals im Detail erläutert sind.An alternative embodiment of a common rail fuel system 10 is shown in FIG. Here, as below, it applies that such elements and regions which have equivalent functions to previously described elements and regions bear the same reference numerals and are not explained again in detail.

Im Unterschied zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel von Figur 1 umfasst die Ventileinrichtung 30, die in der Förderleitung 18 zwischen Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 16 und Rail 20 angeordnet ist, kein Druckregelventil, sondern ein Schaltventil in Form eines 2/2-Wegeventils 42. Der Mitteldruck im Rail 20 wird über ein separates Druckregelventil 44 eingestellt. Zum Glätten der Druckschwingungen im Rail 20 wird der von der Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 16 über die Förderleitung 18 zum Rail 20 strömende Volumenstrom mittels des Schaltventils 42 "getaktet".In contrast to the embodiment of Figure 1, the valve means 30, which is arranged in the delivery line 18 between the high-pressure fuel pump 16 and rail 20, no pressure control valve, but a switching valve in the form of a 2/2-way valve 42. The mean pressure in the rail 20th is set via a separate pressure control valve 44. To smooth the pressure oscillations in the rail 20, the volume flow flowing from the high-pressure fuel pump 16 via the delivery line 18 to the rail 20 is "clocked" by means of the switching valve 42.

Eine nochmals abgewandelte Ausführungsform zeigt Figur 4: Bei dieser ist fluidisch parallel zur Förderleitung 18 eine Bypassleitung 46 vorhanden, in der, von der Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 16 zum Rail 20 gesehen, zunächst ein Rückschlagventil 48, dann ein hydraulisches Speichervolumen 50 und schließlich die bereits aus den Figuren 1 und 3 bekannte Ventileinrichtung 30 in Form eines Druckregelventils 32 angeordnet sind. Das Rückschlagventil 48 sperrt den Bereich zwischen Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 16 und hydraulischem Speichervolumen 50 zum hydraulischen Speichervolumen 50 hin.A further modified embodiment is shown in FIG 4: In this fluidly parallel to the delivery line 18, a bypass line 46 is present in the, seen from the high-pressure fuel pump 16 to the rail 20, first a check valve 48, then a hydraulic storage volume 50 and finally the already off Figures 1 and 3 known valve means 30 are arranged in the form of a pressure control valve 32. The check valve 48 shuts off the area between the high-pressure fuel pump 16 and the hydraulic storage volume 50 to the hydraulic storage volume 50.

Auch hier dient die Ventileinrichtung 30 mit dem Druckregelventil 32 dazu, Druckschwingungen im Rail 20 zu verringern. Dabei erfolgt die Einstellung des Mittelwerts des Drucks im Rail 20 (strichpunktierte Linie in Figur 2) im Wesentlichen über die einstellbare Fördermenge der Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe 16, wohingegen die Reduzierung der eigentlichen Schwingungen, also des Wechselanteils des Drucks p im Rail 20, durch die über das Druckregelventil 32 modulierte Hinzuschaltung des hydraulischen Speichervolumens 50 geschieht.Again, the valve means 30 is used with the pressure control valve 32 to reduce pressure oscillations in the rail 20. In this case, the setting of the average value of the pressure in the rail 20 (dotted line in Figure 2) substantially via the adjustable delivery of the high-pressure fuel pump 16, whereas the reduction of the actual vibrations, ie the alternating component of the pressure p in the rail 20, through the over the pressure control valve 32 modulated addition of the hydraulic accumulator volume 50 is happening.

Wie aus Figur 5 hervorgeht, kann das in der Bypassleitung 46 angeordnete Druckregelventil 32 auch durch ein Schaltventil 42 realisiert werden. In diesem Fall erfolgt die Verbindung des Rails 20 mit dem hydraulischen Speichervolumen 50 "getaktet". Ein weiterer Unterschied der beiden in den Figuren 4 und 5 gezeigten Ausführungsformen von Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem 10 im Vergleich zu den in den Figuren 1 und 3 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen besteht darin, dass ein Drucksensor 24 zumindest nicht für die hier im Vordergrund stehende Glättungsfunktion des Druckverlaufs im Rail 20 vorgesehen ist. Stattdessen wird für die Erzeugung des Steuersignals 36 ein numerisches Modell der Druckverhältnisse im Rail 20 verwendet.As can be seen from FIG. 5, the pressure regulating valve 32 arranged in the bypass line 46 can also be realized by a switching valve 42. In this case, the connection of the rail 20 with the hydraulic storage volume 50 is "clocked". Another difference between the two embodiments of the common-rail fuel system 10 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 in comparison to the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 is that a pressure sensor 24 is at least not suitable for the smoothing function of the pressure curve which is in the foreground here is provided in the rail 20. Instead, a numerical model of the pressure conditions in the rail 20 is used to generate the control signal 36.

Claims (8)

Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem (10) mit einer Kraftstoffpumpe (16), die wenigstens zeitweise Kraftstoff in ein Rail (20) fördert, und mit Injektoren (22), durch die wenigstens zeitweise Kraftstoff aus dem Rail (20) abströmt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Ventileinrichtung (30) umfasst, die mit dem Rail (20) verbunden ist und abhängig von einem berechneten oder erfassten Druck (p) im Rail (20) oder einem sonstigen Betriebsparameter derart ansteuerbar ist, dass hochfrequente Druckschwingungen des im Rail (20) gespeicherten Kraftstoffs vermindert werden.Common rail fuel system (10) with a fuel pump (16) which at least temporarily conveys fuel into a rail (20) and with injectors (22) through which at least temporarily fuel flows out of the rail (20), characterized in that it comprises a valve device (30), which is connected to the rail (20) and, depending on a calculated or detected pressure (p) in the rail (20) or another operating parameter, can be controlled in such a way that high-frequency pressure oscillations of the pressure in the rail (20 ) stored fuel can be reduced. Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ventileinrichtung (30) fluidisch in einer Förderleitung (18) zwischen der Kraftstoffpumpe (16) und dem Rail (20) angeordnet ist.Common rail fuel system (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve device (30) is arranged fluidically in a delivery line (18) between the fuel pump (16) and the rail (20). Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ventileinrichtung (30) in einer Bypassleitung (46) zu einer Förderleitung (18) zwischen Kraftstoffpumpe (16) und Rail (20) angeordnet ist, und dass die Bypassleitung (46) mit einem hydraulischen Speichervolumen (50) verbunden ist.Common rail fuel system (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the valve device (30) is arranged in a bypass line (46) to a delivery line (18) between the fuel pump (16) and rail (20), and that the bypass line (46) is connected to a hydraulic storage volume (50). Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ventileinrichtung (30) ein Druckbegrenzungsventil (32) umfasst.Common rail fuel system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve device (30) comprises a pressure limiting valve (32). Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystem (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ventileinrichtung (30) ein Schaltventil (42) umfasst.Common rail fuel system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve device (30) comprises a switching valve (42). Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Common-Rail-Kraftstoffsystems (10), bei dem Kraftstoff wenigstens zeitweise von einer Kraftstoffpumpe (16) in das Rail (20) gefördert und der Kraftstoff wenigstens zeitweise über Injektoren (22) aus dem Rail (20) abströmt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine mit dem Rail (20) verbundene Ventileinrichtung (30) abhängig von einem berechneten oder erfassten Druck (p) im Rail (20) oder einem sonstigen Betriebsparameter derart angesteuert wird, dass hochfrequente Druckschwingungen des im Rail (20) gespeicherten Kraftstoffs vermindert werden.Method for operating a common rail fuel system (10), wherein the fuel at least temporarily promoted by a fuel pump (16) in the rail (20) and the fuel flows at least temporarily through injectors (22) from the rail (20), characterized in that a valve device (30) connected to the rail (20) is controlled in dependence on a calculated or detected pressure (p) in the rail (20) or another operating parameter is that high-frequency pressure oscillations of the fuel stored in the rail (20) are reduced. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ventileinrichtung (30) mit der Frequenz der hochfrequenten Schwingungen und gegebenenfalls mit einer Phasenverschiebung gegenüber den hochfrequenten Schwingungen angesteuert wird.A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the valve device (30) is driven with the frequency of the high-frequency oscillations and optionally with a phase shift relative to the high-frequency oscillations. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dann, wenn die Ventileinrichtung (30) ein Druckbegrenzungsventil (32) umfasst, dieses mit einem modulierten Signal (36) angesteuert wird.Method according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that when the valve device (30) comprises a pressure relief valve (32), this is controlled by a modulated signal (36).
EP06124129A 2005-12-27 2006-11-15 Common rail fuel injection system Not-in-force EP1826396B1 (en)

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DE102005062548A DE102005062548A1 (en) 2005-12-27 2005-12-27 Common rail fuel system has fuel pump to pump fuel into rail, injectors through which fuel flows out of rail and connected valve device controlled by pressure in rail to avoid high frequency vibrations of fuel stored in rail

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EP1826396B1 (en) 2009-08-12
DE102005062548A1 (en) 2007-07-05
ATE439516T1 (en) 2009-08-15

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