EP1817493B1 - Control circuit for a switching device - Google Patents
Control circuit for a switching device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1817493B1 EP1817493B1 EP05811179A EP05811179A EP1817493B1 EP 1817493 B1 EP1817493 B1 EP 1817493B1 EP 05811179 A EP05811179 A EP 05811179A EP 05811179 A EP05811179 A EP 05811179A EP 1817493 B1 EP1817493 B1 EP 1817493B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- switch
- control circuit
- hold
- relay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
- F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/10—Safety devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
- H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
- F02N11/0862—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/10—Safety devices
- F02N11/101—Safety devices for preventing engine starter actuation or engagement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2250/00—Problems related to engine starting or engine's starting apparatus
- F02N2250/02—Battery voltage drop at start, e.g. drops causing ECU reset
Definitions
- the invention relates to a control circuit for a circuit arrangement, which comprises a relay and a switch, which either enables or prevents energization of the relay depending on its switching position.
- a circuit arrangement for controlling a relay which electrically connects or disconnects a starter of an internal combustion engine arranged in a motor vehicle with a battery.
- the circuit arrangement is designed so that the relay remains activated for a limited voltage dip of the battery.
- a memory circuit with a latch circuit is arranged electrically between a computer and an output stage for driving the relay.
- the memory circuit stores at the voltage dip of the battery, a switching signal generated by the computer, and thus maintains the corresponding switching position of the relay.
- the computer which transitions to a reset state during the voltage dip of the battery, is reactivated upon termination of the voltage dip of the battery and controls the latch circuit such that the relay is again controlled by the switching signal from the computer.
- the device comprises two switching means for establishing an electrical connection between a starter and a voltage source.
- the device further comprises Control unit with a computer unit, a first and second switch and a self-holding means.
- a start signal from a starter lock is the computer unit and the first and the second switch supplied. These two switches are each coupled to one of the two switching means so that the respective switching means is actuated when the associated switch is closed.
- the self-holding means is coupled on the input side with the starter and coupled on the output side with the first switch. The self-holding means is switched so that it can keep the first switch closed for a predetermined time, even if the start signal is no longer present.
- a starter motor is coupled to a battery via a relay.
- a switch for preventing unauthorized operation is connected to the relay.
- a decision means is connected to the switch and generates a start enable signal to close the switch and allow the relay to be energized when a password code supplied to the decision means coincides with an inherent code.
- a self hold circuit is provided for holding the switch in the closed state.
- the object of the invention is to provide a control circuit which reliably controls a relay.
- the invention is characterized by a control circuit for a circuit arrangement comprising a relay and a switch includes. Depending on its switching position, the switch enables or prevents the relay from being energized.
- the control circuit is configured to generate a hold signal for a predetermined period of time when it is supplied with a start signal.
- the start signal is formed by a reset signal or is generated by a logical combination of the reset signal and a switching signal or is generated by deactivating the switching signal.
- the control circuit is designed to generate the hold signal for the predetermined period of time regardless of a further course of the start signal during the predetermined period of time.
- the control circuit is further configured to activate a switching output as long as at least one of two conditions is met, and otherwise to disable the switching output.
- the first condition is satisfied when the control circuit is supplied with the switching signal.
- the second condition is satisfied when the switch output is activated to start generating the hold signal and the hold signal is generated.
- the switch output is electrically coupled to the switch such that the switch allows the relay to energize when the switch output is activated and the switch otherwise prevents the relay from energizing.
- control circuit is that the hold signal for the predetermined period of time is generated independently of a further course of the start signal during the predetermined period of time.
- control circuit is robust against interference signals that may occur during the predetermined period of time.
- the hold signal is generated only for the predetermined period of time, which adjoins the time at which the start signal was triggered. This allows reliable control of the relay.
- the control circuit can be coupled to a control unit which is designed to generate the switching signal and to supply it to the control circuit.
- the control unit can thus control the relay via the control circuit and the switch.
- the start signal is preferably generated when the control unit is reset.
- the control circuit then has the advantage that a switching state of the relay can be maintained while the control unit is reset is, and so starting, for example, a motor vehicle, even at a low battery voltage is possible.
- the energizing of the relay is terminated, however, for safety reasons after the expiry of the predetermined period of time, if the control unit can not generate the switching signal again, because, for example, the reset of the control unit is not yet finished.
- the resetting of the control unit can be triggered, for example, by the battery voltage that is too low, which can occur during a starting phase of an internal combustion engine in the motor vehicle.
- control circuit can be easily and inexpensively designed as an application-specific integrated circuit.
- the control circuit may be configured to be easily diagnosable by, for example, the control unit to ensure reliable operation of the control circuit.
- the control unit may, for example, also be designed to control actuators of the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle or to record measured values of sensors of the internal combustion engine.
- control circuit has a clocked counter, which is designed to be started by the start signal and to generate the hold signal for the predetermined period of time.
- control circuit on a mono-flop, which is designed to be started by the start signal and to generate the hold signal for the predetermined period of time.
- the mono-flop can not be restarted until the specified time has elapsed.
- control circuit is designed to deactivate the switching output depending on a stop signal when the switching signal is not generated and the holding signal is generated.
- control unit is designed to generate the stop signal and to supply it to the control circuit. The control unit can thus deactivate the switching output before the expiry of the predetermined period of time.
- control circuit is designed to block or allow the deactivation of the switching output by the stop signal depending on a stop control signal. This has the advantage that unintentional deactivation of the switching output can be prevented by blocking the stop signal.
- the control circuit is thus robust against interference signals, which can occur in particular by resetting the control unit.
- a comparator is provided which is electrically coupled to the switch and determines a switching state value of the switch by comparing a voltage drop across the switch with a predetermined threshold voltage.
- FIG. 1 shows a circuit arrangement with a relay 1, a battery 2, a switch 3, a control unit 4, a control circuit 5 and a voltage conditioning unit 6.
- FIG. 2 shows a voltage-time diagram of a battery voltage VBAT of the battery 2 during a starting phase of an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle.
- the battery 2 has a nominal voltage of 12 volts. However, the battery 2 may also have a different nominal voltage.
- the battery voltage VBAT breaks during the starting phase due to a high power requirement of the starter, for example to about 6 volts.
- the starting phase lasts for example up to 10 seconds.
- the battery voltage VBAT may drop to less than 6 volts.
- the voltages are dependent on a state of charge of the battery 2 and of the respective vehicle.
- the battery is electrically coupled to the relay 1 and the voltage conditioning unit 6 and supplies the battery voltage VBAT to them.
- the relay 1 is electrically coupled to the switch 3.
- the switch 3 allows or prevents energizing the relay 1 depending on a switching position of the switch 3.
- the relay 1 is designed for switching electrical loads, such as a starter or a fuel pump in a motor vehicle.
- the voltage conditioning unit 6 is electrically coupled to the control unit 4 and the control circuit 5.
- the voltage conditioning unit 6 generates from the battery voltage VBAT supplied thereto an operating voltage VCC of the control unit 4 and an operating voltage VDD of the control circuit 5.
- the operating voltage VDD can also be generated separately from the voltage conditioning unit 6 from the battery voltage VBAT or from another voltage source.
- the voltage conditioning unit 6 is configured to generate a reset signal RES and a voltage state signal VOK.
- the reset signal RES is generated at a time t1 at which the battery voltage VBAT becomes lower than a minimum voltage, for example 5.5 volts, required to produce the operating voltage VCC of the control unit 4, which is, for example, 5 volts.
- the reset signal RES is supplied to the control unit 4 and resets it.
- VDD of the control circuit 5 which is for example 3.5 volts
- VCC of the control unit 4 preferably a lower minimum voltage is required than for the maintenance of the operating voltage VCC of the control unit 4, so that the control circuit 5 can still be operated even when the operating voltage VCC of the control unit 4 is no longer available.
- the voltage state signal VOK signals that the operating voltage VCC of the control unit 4 is available and the control unit 4 can be operated. This is the case before the time t1 and after a time t2 when the battery voltage VBAT is again greater than the minimum voltage. The voltage state signal VOK is thus generated for a period of time TR from the time t1 to the time t2.
- the control unit 4 is electrically coupled to the control circuit 5 and the control circuit 5 is electrically coupled to the switch 3.
- the control unit 4 is designed to generate a switching signal SWON for controlling the switch 3 by means of the control circuit 5.
- the switching signal SWON is supplied to the control circuit 5.
- the switching signal SWON may also be generated, for example, by a mechanical switch, such as the ignition switch, or otherwise.
- the control circuit 5 has a switching output SWOUT, which is electrically coupled to the switch 3.
- the switch 3 prevents the energizing of the relay 1, when the switching output SWOUT is disabled, and allows the energizing of the relay 1, when the switching output SWOUT is activated.
- the control circuit 5 comprises a timing device 7, an AND gate 8, an OR gate 9 and a NAND gate 10.
- the switching signal SWON is supplied to the OR gate 9 at a first input of the OR gate 9.
- An output of the OR gate 9 forms the switching output SWOUT, which with a first input of And-gate 8 is coupled.
- An output of the AND gate 8 is coupled to a second input of the OR gate 9.
- the reset signal RES forms a start signal START, which is supplied to the timer 7.
- the start signal START can also be generated by deactivating the switching signal SWON.
- the start signal START can alternatively also be generated by a logical combination of the reset signal RES and the switching signal SWON or in another way.
- the timing device 7 is designed to generate a hold signal HOLD which is supplied to the AND gate 8 at a second input of the AND gate 8.
- the control unit 4 is further configured to generate a stop signal STOP which is supplied to the NAND gate 10.
- the NAND gate 10 is further supplied with the voltage state signal VOK.
- An output of the NAND gate 10 is coupled to a third input of the And gate 8.
- the timing device 7 which is designed, for example, as a monostable multivibrator, which is also referred to as a mono-flop, or as a clocked counter, is started by the start signal START, for example by a falling edge, and then generates the signal for a predetermined time TD Hold signal HOLD.
- the predetermined period TD is generated from the time t1 to a time t3, and is preferably between 200 milliseconds and 2 seconds, but may be shorter or longer.
- the switching output SWOUT is activated when the switching signal SWON is generated by the control unit 4. Further, the switching output SWOUT is activated when the timer 7 generates the hold signal HOLD, the output of the NAND gate 10 is activated, and when the switch output SWOUT is activated to start generating the hold signal HOLD. Otherwise, the switching output SWOUT is deactivated.
- the switching signal SWON is not generated by the control unit 4, so that during the resetting of the control unit 4, the switching output SWOUT remains activated for the predetermined time period T when the switching output SWOUT was already activated at the instant t1.
- the switching output SWOUT is deactivated when the control unit 4 does not generate the switching signal SWON again until the time t3.
- the timer 7 can not be restarted by the start signal START. This ensures that the relay 1 is no longer energized at the latest at the time t3, if the energizing of the relay is not maintained by generating the start signal SWON.
- the control circuit 5 is so robust against interference signals that can occur in particular during the starting phase of the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle.
- the switching output SWOUT can be deactivated when the voltage state signal VOK indicates by an H level that the operating voltage VCC is available to the control unit 4 and when the control unit 4 generates the stop signal. This makes it possible to cancel the energizing of the relay 1 when the control unit 4 after the reset is ready for use again. This can prevent the relay 1 from being energized for an unnecessarily long time.
- the voltage state signal VOK is used as a stop control signal, which blocks the stop signal STOP for the time period TR by an L level and, after the expiration of the time period TR again by an H level.
- the deactivation of the switching output SWOUT can thus take place only between the time t2 and the time t3, if the time duration TR is shorter than the predetermined time period TD. If the time period TR is longer than the predetermined period of time TD, the switching output SWOUT is deactivated after the predetermined time period TD has elapsed.
- the circuit arrangement furthermore has a comparator 11 which is electrically coupled on the input side with the switch 3 and the relay 1 such that the comparator 11 is supplied with a voltage drop across the switch 3.
- the comparator 11 is further supplied with a threshold voltage UTH.
- the comparator 11 compares the voltage drop across the switch 3 with the threshold voltage UTH and, depending on these, generates a switching state value SWSTATE which is supplied to the control unit 4.
- the threshold voltage UTH which is for example about 2 volts, is dimensioned such that the switching position of the switch 3, that is, the switch 3 is closed or the switch 3 is open, is supplied to the control unit 4 by the switching state value SWSTATE.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Steuerschaltung für eine Schaltungsanordnung, die ein Relais und einen Schalter umfasst, der abhängig von seiner Schaltstellung ein Bestromen des Relais entweder ermöglicht oder verhindert.The invention relates to a control circuit for a circuit arrangement, which comprises a relay and a switch, which either enables or prevents energization of the relay depending on its switching position.
In der
In der
In der
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist, eine Steuerschaltung zu schaffen, die ein Relais zuverlässig steuert.The object of the invention is to provide a control circuit which reliably controls a relay.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Patentansprüche. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung zeichnet sich aus durch eine Steuerschaltung für eine Schaltungsanordnung, die ein Relais und einen Schalter umfasst. Der Schalter ermöglicht oder verhindert abhängig von seiner Schaltstellung ein Bestromen des Relais. Die Steuerschaltung ist ausgebildet zum Erzeugen eines Haltesignals für eine vorgegebene Zeitdauer, wenn ihr ein Startsignal zugeführt wird. Das Startsignal ist durch ein Rücksetzsignal gebildet oder wird durch eine logische Verknüpfung aus dem Rücksetzsignal und einem Schaltsignal erzeugt oder wird durch ein Deaktivieren des Schaltsignals erzeugt. Ferner ist die Steuerschaltung ausgebildet zum Erzeugen des Haltesignals für die vorgegebene Zeitdauer unabhängig von einem weiteren Verlauf des Startsignals während der vorgegebenen Zeitdauer. Die Steuerschaltung ist ferner ausgebildet zum Aktivieren eines Schaltausgangs, solange mindestens eine von zwei Bedingungen erfüllt ist, und zum ansonsten Deaktivieren des Schaltausgangs. Die erste Bedingung ist erfüllt, wenn der Steuerschaltung das Schaltsignal zugeführt wird. Die zweite Bedingung ist erfüllt, wenn der Schaltausgang zum Beginn des Erzeugens des Haltesignals aktiviert ist und das Haltesignal erzeugt wird. Der Schaltausgang ist elektrisch derart mit dem Schalter gekoppelt, dass der Schalter ein Bestromen des Relais ermöglicht, wenn der Schaltausgang aktiviert ist, und der Schalter ansonsten das Bestromen des Relais verhindert.The invention is characterized by a control circuit for a circuit arrangement comprising a relay and a switch includes. Depending on its switching position, the switch enables or prevents the relay from being energized. The control circuit is configured to generate a hold signal for a predetermined period of time when it is supplied with a start signal. The start signal is formed by a reset signal or is generated by a logical combination of the reset signal and a switching signal or is generated by deactivating the switching signal. Furthermore, the control circuit is designed to generate the hold signal for the predetermined period of time regardless of a further course of the start signal during the predetermined period of time. The control circuit is further configured to activate a switching output as long as at least one of two conditions is met, and otherwise to disable the switching output. The first condition is satisfied when the control circuit is supplied with the switching signal. The second condition is satisfied when the switch output is activated to start generating the hold signal and the hold signal is generated. The switch output is electrically coupled to the switch such that the switch allows the relay to energize when the switch output is activated and the switch otherwise prevents the relay from energizing.
Der Vorteil der Steuerschaltung ist, dass das Haltesignal für die vorgegebene Zeitdauer unabhängig von einem weiteren Verlauf des Startsignals während der vorgegebenen Zeitdauer erzeugt wird. Dadurch ist die Steuerschaltung robust gegenüber Störsignalen, die während der vorgegebenen Zeitdauer auftreten können. Somit ist sichergestellt, dass das Haltesignal nur für die vorgegebene Zeitdauer erzeugt wird, die sich an den Zeitpunkt anschließt, zu dem das Startsignal ausgelöst wurde. Dies ermöglicht ein zuverlässiges Steuern des Relais.The advantage of the control circuit is that the hold signal for the predetermined period of time is generated independently of a further course of the start signal during the predetermined period of time. As a result, the control circuit is robust against interference signals that may occur during the predetermined period of time. Thus, it is ensured that the hold signal is generated only for the predetermined period of time, which adjoins the time at which the start signal was triggered. This allows reliable control of the relay.
Vorzugsweise ist die Steuerschaltung mit einer Steuereinheit koppelbar, die ausgebildet ist, das Schaltsignal zu erzeugen und der Steuerschaltung zuzuführen. Die Steuereinheit kann somit das Relais über die Steuerschaltung und den Schalter steuern. Das Startsignal wird vorzugsweise erzeugt, wenn die Steuereinheit zurückgesetzt wird. Die Steuerschaltung hat dann den Vorteil, dass ein Schaltzustand des Relais aufrecht erhalten werden kann, während die Steuereinheit zurückgesetzt wird, und so ein Starten, beispielsweise eines Kraftfahrzeugs, auch bei einer geringen Batteriespannung möglich ist. Das Bestromen des Relais wird jedoch aus Sicherheitsgründen nach Ablauf der vorgegebenen Zeitdauer beendet, falls die Steuereinheit das Schaltsignal noch nicht wieder erzeugen kann, weil beispielsweise das Zurücksetzen der Steuereinheit noch nicht beendet ist. Das Zurücksetzen der Steuereinheit kann beispielsweise ausgelöst werden durch die zu geringe Batteriespannung, die während einer Startphase einer Brennkraftmaschine in dem Kraftfahrzeug auftreten kann.Preferably, the control circuit can be coupled to a control unit which is designed to generate the switching signal and to supply it to the control circuit. The control unit can thus control the relay via the control circuit and the switch. The start signal is preferably generated when the control unit is reset. The control circuit then has the advantage that a switching state of the relay can be maintained while the control unit is reset is, and so starting, for example, a motor vehicle, even at a low battery voltage is possible. The energizing of the relay is terminated, however, for safety reasons after the expiry of the predetermined period of time, if the control unit can not generate the switching signal again, because, for example, the reset of the control unit is not yet finished. The resetting of the control unit can be triggered, for example, by the battery voltage that is too low, which can occur during a starting phase of an internal combustion engine in the motor vehicle.
Ferner kann die Steuerschaltung einfach und preisgünstig als anwendungsspezifische integrierte Schaltung ausgebildet werden. Die Steuerschaltung kann so ausgebildet werden, dass sie einfach diagnostizierbar ist, beispielsweise durch die Steuereinheit, um einen zuverlässigen Betrieb der Steuerschaltung sicherstellen zu können. Die Steuereinheit kann beispielsweise auch ausgebildet sein, um Stellglieder der Brennkraftmaschine des Kraftfahrzeugs zu steuern oder um Messwerte von Sensoren der Brennkraftmaschine zu erfassen.Furthermore, the control circuit can be easily and inexpensively designed as an application-specific integrated circuit. The control circuit may be configured to be easily diagnosable by, for example, the control unit to ensure reliable operation of the control circuit. The control unit may, for example, also be designed to control actuators of the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle or to record measured values of sensors of the internal combustion engine.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist die Steuerschaltung einen getakteten Zähler auf, der ausgebildet ist, durch das Startsignal gestartet zu werden und für die vorgegebene Zeitdauer das Haltesignal zu erzeugen. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass eine solche Steuerschaltung einfach in eine anwendungsspezifische integrierte Schaltung integrierbar ist, da keine Kapazität erforderlich ist zum Vorgeben der Zeitdauer. Ferner ist die Steuerschaltung so einfach überprüfbar. Der getaktete Zähler kann erst dann erneut gestartet werden, wenn die vorgegebene Zeitdauer abgelaufen ist.In an advantageous embodiment, the control circuit has a clocked counter, which is designed to be started by the start signal and to generate the hold signal for the predetermined period of time. This has the advantage that such a control circuit can be easily integrated into an application-specific integrated circuit, since no capacity is required for predetermining the time duration. Furthermore, the control circuit is so easily verifiable. The clocked counter can only be restarted when the specified time has elapsed.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist die Steuerschaltung ein Mono-Flop auf, das ausgebildet ist, durch das Startsignal gestartet zu werden und für die vorgegebene Zeitdauer das Haltesignal zu erzeugen. Das Mono-Flop kann erst dann erneut gestartet werden, wenn die vorgegebene Zeitdauer abgelaufen ist.In a further advantageous embodiment, the control circuit on a mono-flop, which is designed to be started by the start signal and to generate the hold signal for the predetermined period of time. The mono-flop can not be restarted until the specified time has elapsed.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die Steuerschaltung ausgebildet, abhängig von einem Stoppsignal den Schaltausgang zu deaktivieren, wenn das Schaltsignal nicht erzeugt wird und das Haltesignal erzeugt wird. Vorzugsweise ist die Steuereinheit ausgebildet, das Stoppsignal zu erzeugen und der Steuerschaltung zuzuführen. Die Steuereinheit kann so noch vor Ablauf der vorgegebenen Zeitdauer den Schaltausgang deaktivieren. Der Vorteil ist, dass das Relais nur so lange wie erforderlich bestromt wird.In a further advantageous embodiment, the control circuit is designed to deactivate the switching output depending on a stop signal when the switching signal is not generated and the holding signal is generated. Preferably, the control unit is designed to generate the stop signal and to supply it to the control circuit. The control unit can thus deactivate the switching output before the expiry of the predetermined period of time. The advantage is that the relay is energized only as long as required.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Steuerschaltung ausgebildet ist zum Sperren oder Zulassen des Deaktivierens des Schaltausgangs durch das Stoppsignal abhängig von einem Stoppsteuersignal. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass ein ungewolltes Deaktivieren des Schaltausgangs verhindert werden kann durch das Sperren des Stoppsignals. Die Steuerschaltung ist somit robust gegenüber Störsignalen, die insbesondere durch das Zurücksetzen der Steuereinheit auftreten können.In this connection, it is advantageous if the control circuit is designed to block or allow the deactivation of the switching output by the stop signal depending on a stop control signal. This has the advantage that unintentional deactivation of the switching output can be prevented by blocking the stop signal. The control circuit is thus robust against interference signals, which can occur in particular by resetting the control unit.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Steuerschaltung ist ein Komparator vorgesehen, der elektrisch mit dem Schalter gekoppelt ist und der einen Schaltzustandswert des Schalters ermittelt durch Vergleichen eines Spannungsabfalls über dem Schalter mit einer vorgegebenen Schwellenspannung. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die tatsächliche Schaltstellung des Schalters einfach ermittelbar ist.In a further advantageous embodiment of the control circuit, a comparator is provided which is electrically coupled to the switch and determines a switching state value of the switch by comparing a voltage drop across the switch with a predetermined threshold voltage. This has the advantage that the actual switching position of the switch can be easily determined.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind im Folgenden anhand der schematischen Zeichnungen erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the schematic drawings.
Es zeigen:
Figur 1- eine Schaltungsanordnung,
Figur 2- ein Spannungs-Zeit-Diagramm.
- FIG. 1
- a circuit arrangement,
- FIG. 2
- a voltage-time diagram.
Elemente gleicher Konstruktion oder Funktion sind figurenübergreifend mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Elements of the same construction or function are provided across the figures with the same reference numerals.
Die Batteriespannung VBAT bricht während der Startphase aufgrund eines hohen Strombedarfs des Starters ein, beispielsweise auf etwa 6 Volt. Die Startphase dauert beispielsweise bis zu 10 Sekunden. Kurzzeitig, für beispielsweise etwa 50 bis 100 Millisekunden, kann die Batteriespannung VBAT auf weniger als 6 Volt einbrechen. Die Spannungen sind abhängig von einem Ladezustand der Batterie 2 und von dem jeweiligen Fahrzeug.The battery voltage VBAT breaks during the starting phase due to a high power requirement of the starter, for example to about 6 volts. The starting phase lasts for example up to 10 seconds. For a short time, for example, for about 50 to 100 milliseconds, the battery voltage VBAT may drop to less than 6 volts. The voltages are dependent on a state of charge of the
Die Batterie ist elektrisch mit dem Relais 1 und der Spannungsaufbereitungseinheit 6 gekoppelt und führt diesen die Batteriespannung VBAT zu. Das Relais 1 ist elektrisch mit dem Schalter 3 gekoppelt. Der Schalter 3 ermöglicht oder verhindert ein Bestromen des Relais 1 abhängig von einer Schaltstellung des Schalters 3. Das Relais 1 ist ausgebildet zum Schalten von elektrischen Lasten, wie beispielsweise eines Starters oder einer Kraftstoffpumpe in einem Kraftfahrzeug.The battery is electrically coupled to the
Die Spannungsaufbereitungseinheit 6 ist elektrisch mit der Steuereinheit 4 und der Steuerschaltung 5 gekoppelt. Die Spannungsaufbereitungseinheit 6 erzeugt aus der ihr zugeführten Batteriespannung VBAT eine Betriebsspannung VCC der Steuereinheit 4 und eine Betriebsspannung VDD der Steuerschaltung 5. Die Betriebsspannung VDD kann auch separat von der Spannungsaufbereitungseinheit 6 aus der Batteriespannung VBAT oder aus einer anderen Spannungsquelle erzeugt werden. Ferner ist die Spannungsaufbereitungseinheit 6 ausgebildet zum Erzeugen eines Rücksetzsignals RES und eines Spannungszustandssignals VOK.The
Das Rücksetzsignal RES wird zu einem Zeitpunkt t1 erzeugt, zu dem die Batteriespannung VBAT kleiner wird als eine Mindestspannung, beispielsweise 5,5 Volt, die erforderlich ist, um die Betriebsspannung VCC der Steuereinheit 4 zu erzeugen, die beispielsweise 5 Volt beträgt. Das Rücksetzsignal RES wird der Steuereinheit 4 zugeführt und setzt diese zurück.The reset signal RES is generated at a time t1 at which the battery voltage VBAT becomes lower than a minimum voltage, for example 5.5 volts, required to produce the operating voltage VCC of the control unit 4, which is, for example, 5 volts. The reset signal RES is supplied to the control unit 4 and resets it.
Für ein Aufrechterhalten der Betriebsspannung VDD der Steuerschaltung 5, die beispielsweise 3,5 Volt beträgt, ist vorzugsweise eine geringere Mindestspannung erforderlich als für das Aufrechterhalten der Betriebsspannung VCC der Steuereinheit 4, so dass die Steuerschaltung 5 auch dann noch betrieben werden kann, wenn die Betriebsspannung VCC der Steuereinheit 4 nicht mehr zur Verfügung steht.For maintaining the operating voltage VDD of the
Das Spannungszustandssignal VOK signalisiert, dass die Betriebsspannung VCC der Steuereinheit 4 zur Verfügung steht und die Steuereinheit 4 betrieben werden kann. Dies ist vor dem Zeitpunkt t1 der Fall und nach einem Zeitpunkt t2, wenn die Batteriespannung VBAT wieder größer ist als die Mindestspannung. Das Spannungszustandssignal VOK wird somit für eine Zeitdauer TR von dem Zeitpunkt t1 bis zu dem Zeitpunkt t2 erzeugt.The voltage state signal VOK signals that the operating voltage VCC of the control unit 4 is available and the control unit 4 can be operated. This is the case before the time t1 and after a time t2 when the battery voltage VBAT is again greater than the minimum voltage. The voltage state signal VOK is thus generated for a period of time TR from the time t1 to the time t2.
Die Steuereinheit 4 ist elektrisch mit der Steuerschaltung 5 gekoppelt und die Steuerschaltung 5 ist elektrisch mit dem Schalter 3 gekoppelt. Die Steuereinheit 4 ist ausgebildet zum Erzeugen eines Schaltsignals SWON zum Steuern des Schalters 3 mittels der Steuerschaltung 5. Das Schaltsignal SWON wird der Steuerschaltung 5 zugeführt. Das Schaltsignal SWON kann auch beispielsweise durch einen mechanischen Schalter, wie den Zündschalter, oder auf andere Weise erzeugt werden. Die Steuerschaltung 5 weist einen Schaltausgang SWOUT auf, der elektrisch mit dem Schalter 3 gekoppelt ist. Der Schalter 3 verhindert das Bestromen des Relais 1, wenn der Schaltausgang SWOUT deaktiviert ist, und ermöglicht das Bestromen des Relais 1, wenn der Schaltausgang SWOUT aktiviert ist.The control unit 4 is electrically coupled to the
Die Steuerschaltung 5 umfasst eine Zeitschaltvorrichtung 7, ein And-Gatter 8, ein Or-Gatter 9 und ein Nand-Gatter 10. Das Schaltsignal SWON wird dem Or-Gatter 9 an einem ersten Eingang des Or-Gatters 9 zugeführt. Ein Ausgang des Or-Gatters 9 bildet den Schaltausgang SWOUT, der mit einem ersten Eingang des And-Gatters 8 gekoppelt ist. Ein Ausgang des And-Gatters 8 ist mit einem zweiten Eingang des Or-Gatters 9 gekoppelt.The
Das Rücksetzsignal RES bildet ein Startsignal START, das der Zeitschaltvorrichtung 7 zugeführt wird. Das Startsignal START kann alternativ auch durch ein Deaktivieren des Schaltsignals SWON erzeugt werden. Ferner kann das Startsignal START alternativ auch durch eine logische Verknüpfung aus dem Rücksetzsignal RES und dem Schaltsignals SWON oder auf andere Weise erzeugt werden.The reset signal RES forms a start signal START, which is supplied to the
Die Zeitschaltvorrichtung 7 ist ausgebildet, ein Haltesignal HOLD zu erzeugen, das dem And-Gatter 8 an einem zweiten Eingang des And-Gatters 8 zugeführt wird. Die Steuereinheit 4 ist ferner ausgebildet, ein Stoppsignal STOP zu erzeugen, das dem Nand-Gatter 10 zugeführt wird. Dem Nand-Gatter 10 wird ferner das Spannungszustandssignal VOK zugeführt. Ein Ausgang des Nand-Gatters 10 ist mit einem dritten Eingang des And-Gatters 8 gekoppelt.The
Die Zeitschaltvorrichtung 7, die beispielsweise als eine monostabile Kippschaltung, die auch als Mono-Flop bezeichnet wird, oder als ein getakteter Zähler ausgebildet ist, wird durch das Startsignal START gestartet, beispielsweise durch eine fallende Flanke, und erzeugt daraufhin für eine vorgegebene Zeitdauer TD das Haltesignal HOLD. Die vorgegebene Zeitdauer TD wird von dem Zeitpunkt t1 bis zu einem Zeitpunkt t3 erzeugt und beträgt vorzugsweise zwischen 200 Millisekunden und 2 Sekunden, kann jedoch auch kürzer oder länger sein.The
Der Schaltausgang SWOUT ist aktiviert, wenn das Schaltsignal SWON von der Steuereinheit 4 erzeugt wird. Ferner ist der Schaltausgang SWOUT aktiviert, wenn die Zeitschaltvorrichtung 7 das Haltesignal HOLD erzeugt, der Ausgang des Nand-Gatters 10 aktiviert ist und wenn der Schaltausgang SWOUT zum Beginn des Erzeugens des Haltesignals HOLD aktiviert ist. Andernfalls ist der Schaltausgang SWOUT deaktiviert.The switching output SWOUT is activated when the switching signal SWON is generated by the control unit 4. Further, the switching output SWOUT is activated when the
Durch das Zurücksetzen der Steuereinheit 4 wird das Schaltsignal SWON von der Steuereinheit 4 nicht erzeugt, sodass während des Zurücksetzens der Steuereinheit 4 der Schaltausgang SWOUT für die vorgegebene Zeitdauer T aktiviert bleibt, wenn der Schaltausgang SWOUT zu dem Zeitpunkt t1 bereits aktiviert war. Nach Ablauf der vorgegebenen Zeitdauer TD wird der Schaltausgang SWOUT deaktiviert, wenn die Steuereinheit 4 nicht bis zu dem Zeitpunkt t3 wieder das Schaltsignal SWON erzeugt. Während der vorgegebenen Zeitdauer TD kann die Zeitschaltvorrichtung 7 durch das Startsignal START nicht erneut gestartet werden. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass das Relais 1 spätestens zu dem Zeitpunkt t3 nicht mehr bestromt wird, falls das Bestromen des Relais nicht durch das Erzeugen des Startsignals SWON aufrecht erhalten wird. Die Steuerschaltung 5 ist so robust gegenüber Störsignalen, die insbesondere während der Startphase der Brennkraftmaschine des Kraftfahrzeugs auftreten können.By resetting the control unit 4, the switching signal SWON is not generated by the control unit 4, so that during the resetting of the control unit 4, the switching output SWOUT remains activated for the predetermined time period T when the switching output SWOUT was already activated at the instant t1. After expiration of the predetermined time TD, the switching output SWOUT is deactivated when the control unit 4 does not generate the switching signal SWON again until the time t3. During the predetermined period TD, the
Während der vorgegebenen Zeitdauer TD kann der Schaltausgang SWOUT deaktiviert werden, wenn das Spannungszustandssignal VOK durch einen H-Pegel signalisiert, dass die Betriebsspannung VCC der Steuereinheit 4 zur Verfügung steht und wenn die Steuereinheit 4 das Stoppsignal erzeugt. Dadurch besteht die Möglichkeit, das Bestromen des Relais 1 abzubrechen, wenn die Steuereinheit 4 nach dem Zurücksetzen wieder betriebsbereit ist. Dadurch kann verhindert werden, dass das Relais 1 unnötig lange bestromt wird. Das Spannungszustandssignal VOK wird als ein Stopsteuersignal genutzt, das das Stoppsignal STOP für die Zeitdauer TR durch einen L-Pegel sperrt und nach Ablauf der Zeitdauer TR durch einen H-Pegel wieder zulässt. Das Deaktivieren des Schaltausgangs SWOUT kann also nur zwischen dem Zeitpunkt t2 und dem Zeitpunkt t3 erfolgen, wenn die Zeitdauer TR kürzer ist als die vorgegebene Zeitdauer TD. Ist die Zeitdauer TR länger als die vorgegebene Zeitdauer TD, so wird der Schaltausgang SWOUT nach Ablauf der vorgegebenen Zeitdauer TD deaktiviert.During the predetermined period of time TD, the switching output SWOUT can be deactivated when the voltage state signal VOK indicates by an H level that the operating voltage VCC is available to the control unit 4 and when the control unit 4 generates the stop signal. This makes it possible to cancel the energizing of the
Die Schaltungsanordnung weist ferner einen Komparator 11 auf, der eingangsseitig mit dem Schalter 3 und dem Relais 1 derart elektrisch gekoppelt ist, dass dem Komparator 11 ein Spannungsabfall über dem Schalter 3 zugeführt wird. Dem Komparator 11 wird ferner eine Schwellenspannung UTH zugeführt. Der Komparator 11 vergleicht den Spannungsabfall über dem Schalter 3 mit der Schwellenspannung UTH und erzeugt abhängig von diesen einen Schaltzustandswert SWSTATE, der der Steuereinheit 4 zugeführt wird. Die Schwellenspannung UTH, die beispielsweise etwa 2 Volt beträgt, ist so bemessen, dass die Schaltstellung des Schalters 3, also der Schalter 3 ist geschlossen oder der Schalter 3 ist geöffnet, durch den Schaltzustandswert SWSTATE der Steuereinheit 4 zugeführt wird.The circuit arrangement furthermore has a
Claims (6)
- Control circuit for a switching arrangement which comprises a relay (1) and a switch (3) which enables the relay (1) to be supplied with current or prevents the relay (1) from being supplied with current depending on its switch setting, wherein the control circuit (5) is embodied- for generating a hold signal (HOLD) for a predefined period of time (TD) when it is supplied with a start signal (START) which is formed by means of a reset signal (RES) or which is generated by means of a logic operation from the reset signal (RES) and a switching signal (SWON) or which is generated by a deactivation of the switching signal (SWON),- for activating a switch output (SWOUT) as long as at least one of two conditions is fulfilled and otherwise for deactivating the switch output (SWOUT), the first condition being fulfilled when the control circuit (5) is supplied with the switching signal (SWON) and the second condition being fulfilled if the switch output (SWOUT) is activated at the commencement of the generation of the hold signal (HOLD) and the hold signal (HOLD) is generated,wherein the switch output (SWOUT) is electrically coupled to the switch (3) in such a way that the switch (3) enables the relay (1) to be supplied with current if the switch output (SWOUT) is activated and otherwise the switch (3) prevents the relay (1) from being supplied with current,
characterised in that
the control circuit (5) is embodied for generating the hold signal (HOLD) for the predefined period of time (TD) irrespective of an additional course of the start signal during the predefined period of time (TD). - Control circuit according to claim 1, which has a clocked counter which is embodied to be started by the start signal (START) and to generate the hold signal (HOLD) for the predefined period of time (TD).
- Control circuit according to claim 1, which has a mono-flop which is embodied to be started by the start signal (START) and to generate the hold signal (HOLD) for the predefined period of time (TD).
- Control circuit according to one of the preceding claims, which is embodied to deactivate the switch output (SWOUT) as a function of a stop signal (STOP) if the switching signal (SWON) is not generated and the hold signal (HOLD) is generated.
- Control circuit according to claim 4, which is embodied to inhibit or allow the deactivation of the switch output (SWOUT) by means of the stop signal (STOP) as a function of a stop control signal.
- Control circuit as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein a comparator (11) is provided which is electrically coupled to the switch (3) and which determines a switch status value (SWSTATE) of the switch (3) by comparing a voltage drop across the switch (3) with a predefined threshold voltage (UTH).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004058018A DE102004058018A1 (en) | 2004-12-01 | 2004-12-01 | Control circuit for a circuit arrangement |
PCT/EP2005/056241 WO2006058866A1 (en) | 2004-12-01 | 2005-11-25 | Control circuit for a switching device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1817493A1 EP1817493A1 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
EP1817493B1 true EP1817493B1 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
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ID=35601711
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP05811179A Expired - Fee Related EP1817493B1 (en) | 2004-12-01 | 2005-11-25 | Control circuit for a switching device |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20080212254A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1817493B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008521697A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20070084233A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101069013A (en) |
DE (2) | DE102004058018A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006058866A1 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102007061180A1 (en) * | 2007-12-15 | 2009-07-02 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Device for determining and / or monitoring a process variable |
SE532001C2 (en) | 2008-02-04 | 2009-09-22 | Scania Cv Abp | Electrical system for a motor vehicle and a method for controlling a starter motor and a battery disconnector in such an electrical system |
DE102008008666B4 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2013-03-21 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | circuitry |
JP2010007498A (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2010-01-14 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Control apparatus for marine propulsion unit |
CN101832209B (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-11-23 | 联合汽车电子有限公司 | Starter relay control system and engine controller |
DE102010002678A1 (en) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-09-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Motor control unit for driving a circuit and method |
DE102011081093A1 (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Starting system, method and computer program product for starting an internal combustion engine |
DE102012007679B4 (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2020-07-02 | Lucas Automotive Gmbh | Electronic control unit for controlling an electrical consumer operated at an operating voltage |
CN104285349B (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2016-11-09 | 万国卡车知识产权有限公司 | Isolation catalyst state control system |
DE102012218987A1 (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-04-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Control circuit for n contactors and a method for controlling n contactors |
CN103032245B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-08-19 | 联合汽车电子有限公司 | Vehicle starting control circuit and its implementation |
FR3028894B1 (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2023-03-10 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | STARTER SOLENOID POWER CONTROL DEVICE |
JP6332048B2 (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2018-05-30 | 株式会社デンソー | Electronic control unit |
DE102019209805A1 (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-01-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Battery module for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle |
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DE3603082A1 (en) * | 1986-02-01 | 1987-08-06 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | DEVICE FOR RESETTING COMPUTING DEVICES |
NO168009C (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1994-06-21 | Sverre Lillemo | Electrical switchgear. |
US4881873A (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1989-11-21 | Altus Technology Corporation | Capacitance level sensor for a bilge pump |
US5442671A (en) * | 1994-09-06 | 1995-08-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Circuit and method of detecting actuator movement |
DE19720191C1 (en) * | 1997-05-14 | 1998-04-23 | Siemens Ag | Buffer circuit for microprocessor output in motor vehicle |
US6297569B1 (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2001-10-02 | Honeywell International Inc. | Power switching system |
JP3849379B2 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2006-11-22 | 株式会社デンソー | ENGINE CONTROL DEVICE AND ENGINE CONTROL METHOD |
DE10005778A1 (en) * | 2000-02-10 | 2001-08-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Circuit arrangement for control of starter relay of starter for car's IC engine has between computer and starter relay, storage circuit which is designed for maintenance of existing control signal for starter relay |
DE10103638B4 (en) * | 2001-01-27 | 2004-12-02 | Audi Ag | Device and method for starting an internal combustion engine |
JP3621675B2 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2005-02-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Anti-theft control device for automobile |
DE10156389A1 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2003-05-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Starting device for internal combustion engines |
US6710622B1 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2004-03-23 | National Semiconductor Corp | Programmable digital one-shot |
DE10343059A1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-04-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Control circuit for a motor starter relay |
-
2004
- 2004-12-01 DE DE102004058018A patent/DE102004058018A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-11-25 DE DE502005005432T patent/DE502005005432D1/en active Active
- 2005-11-25 KR KR1020077011012A patent/KR20070084233A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-11-25 US US11/792,166 patent/US20080212254A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-25 EP EP05811179A patent/EP1817493B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-25 JP JP2007543833A patent/JP2008521697A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-25 CN CNA2005800413766A patent/CN101069013A/en active Pending
- 2005-11-25 WO PCT/EP2005/056241 patent/WO2006058866A1/en active IP Right Grant
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US20080212254A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
JP2008521697A (en) | 2008-06-26 |
EP1817493A1 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
WO2006058866A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
DE102004058018A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
KR20070084233A (en) | 2007-08-24 |
DE502005005432D1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
CN101069013A (en) | 2007-11-07 |
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