EP1810276A1 - Verfahren zur bestimmung der schallübertragungsfunktion und zur dämpfung der schallübertragung eines lagersystems - Google Patents
Verfahren zur bestimmung der schallübertragungsfunktion und zur dämpfung der schallübertragung eines lagersystemsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1810276A1 EP1810276A1 EP05810647A EP05810647A EP1810276A1 EP 1810276 A1 EP1810276 A1 EP 1810276A1 EP 05810647 A EP05810647 A EP 05810647A EP 05810647 A EP05810647 A EP 05810647A EP 1810276 A1 EP1810276 A1 EP 1810276A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sound
- signal
- storage system
- reaction
- bearing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000282941 Rangifer tarandus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
- G10K11/17813—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms
- G10K11/17815—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms between the reference signals and the error signals, i.e. primary path
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
- G10K11/17853—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices of the filter
- G10K11/17854—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices of the filter the filter being an adaptive filter
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
- G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
- G10K11/17861—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices using additional means for damping sound, e.g. using sound absorbing panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1787—General system configurations
- G10K11/17879—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a method for the dynamic determination of the sound transmission function of a storage system.
- the invention also relates to a method for damping the sound transmission of such a bearing system, in which the determination of the sound transmission function forms an essential component.
- the invention also relates to an arrangement for damping the sound transmission of a storage system, which makes use of the said methods.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to precisely determine the sound transmission function of a simple bearing or else of a complex bearing system and, in the knowledge of this sound transmission function, to influence the sound emissions in the bearing and if necessary also the sound transmission properties of the bearing in general terms. that noise emissions are greatly reduced or prevented.
- An essential advantage of the method according to the invention is that the actual sound transmission function of the storage system is determined on a finished system, whereby this is also possible within the usual operating environment. Frame elements and other connected components can be taken into account when determining the sound transmission function. It is also possible to redetermine the sound transmission function even with changing operating conditions.
- sound transmission function of Lagersys ⁇ will tems used to actively intervene in relation to the sound development "and transmission in the system, noise emissions can actively absorb and / or largely avoided.
- a known actuaries factors be used to phase-shifted sound signals in memorizing the storage system which cancels unwanted sound waves.
- passive components are switched on purposefully for damping, for example sound-damping intermediate rings.
- both the amounts and the phase of the sound waves of interest are taken into account over a wide frequency range in the specific sound transmission function, so that a complete spectrum of the bearing system can be predicted relatively accurately.
- this prediction it becomes possible in real time to predict the noise developments on the storage system resulting from certain conditions and to take immediate active countermeasures to dampen, largely eliminate or, in the best case, almost extinguish the resulting sound waves.
- a shock pulse or a beat pulse can be impressed in a kind of calibration mode as an excitation pulse.
- This provides a broad frequency spectrum (in the manner of a white noise), which is included in the determination of the transfer function.
- the system model required for determining the transfer function is preferably constructed as a non-recursive filter.
- the models and calculation rules known from control engineering can be used for this purpose. It is particularly expedient to use a software-based system model whose transmission properties can be easily and dynamically adapted with the aid of suitable program instructions.
- the system model is preferably constructed in a manner known per se by a suitably programmed microprocessor or by programmable individual components. builds.
- the implementation possibilities for such system models, in particular for non-recursive filters, are known to the person skilled in the art, so that a detailed explanation can be omitted here.
- the present invention is also based on the finding that the sound transmission properties of storage systems are frequently subject to time-dependent changes.
- the main causes of a temporally changing transmission behavior of the bearing system are dynamic load and lubrication conditions, varying speeds and changes in the construction surrounding the bearing system.
- the sound transmission behavior of a bearing system in a drive motor with a coupled transmission can suddenly change if a different gear is coupled to the bearing system when a changed gear ratio is selected.
- resonances may even occur in the storage system, which suddenly result in a considerable amount of noise when the storage system is quiet. "Not only does the sound level change, but generally also the frequency image of the storage noise.
- a change in the sound transmission behavior can also occur in the design of static systems, for example, due to wear or depending on the operating temperature or speed.
- the minimized sum of the smallest error squares can advantageously be used.
- the deviations between the actual reaction signal of the storage system and the Output signal of the system model determined and brought to a predetermined value or to the minimum by the said method or another Anthonyinimticiansme- method.
- the excitation signal impressed into the bearing system is determined with the aid of one or more input sensors and the reaction signal emitted by the bearing system is also detected at one or more points by reaction sensors.
- the signals are in addition to acceleration, speed or WegaufNeillet, in some cases, sound sensors with those in the storage; System occurring oscillations can be determined.
- piezoelectric actuators can be used particularly advantageously. Such actuators are responsive and can provide the required vibrations at the desired frequencies.
- other active or passive elements are used with which sound waves or vibrations are also impressed or damped in the bearing system.
- further advantageous embodiments are mentioned. Additional advantages and details will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, with reference to the drawing. Show it:
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram for illustrating the mode of operation of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an exemplary amplitude spectrum of the sound transmission behavior of two different cylindrical roller bearings.
- the recorded measurement of the amplitude at different frequencies is based on a shock pulse, which was impressed as an excitation signal on a shaft which is firmly connected to the inner ring of the respective bearing.
- the shaft coupled to the inner ring is to be regarded as a sound source for the bearing system investigated.
- the excitation signal can be measured at the shaft with suitable sensors.
- the waveform shown in the diagram corresponds to the response of the bearing system determined on the outer ring of the respective bearing. This response signal is referred to herein as a response signal.
- the object of the present invention is thus, dynamically To determine a sound transmission function of the storage system, which represents the sound-related overall behavior of the storage system as well as possible and which can then be used to take active attenuation measures that are adapted to the determined transfer function.
- FIG. 2 shows in a block diagram the basic mode of operation of the method according to the invention for the dynamic determination of the sound transmission function of a storage system.
- an excitation signal yi (t) must be determined, which is impressed as a sound signal in the storage system.
- This excitation signal may originate from an external excitation, or the origin of the structure-borne sound signal is located within the storage system, when the bearing noise arises primarily due to the proper motion of the bearing.
- the excitation signal yi (t) is detected preferably by means of medium-arranged on the 'bearing system input sensors. In addition to acceleration, speed or displacement sensors, in some cases microphone-type sound sensors are also suitable.
- the excitation signal passes through the Lager ⁇ system and can be detected on the side facing away from the sound source side of the storage system with the aid of there arranged Itemss ⁇ sensors as a response signal y 2 (t).
- the reaction sensors can be arranged, for example, on the housing of a ball bearing, if the sound source is located in the vicinity of the inner ring, for example on a shaft arranged there.
- the difference between the excitation signal yi (t) and the reaction signal y 2 (t) represents the sound transmission function of the measured distance.
- the system model is preferably constructed as a non-recursive filter whose transmission function can be adapted.
- the system model then supplies an output signal, which can be subsequently compared with the response signal y 2 (t).
- the excitation signal and the reaction signal are subjected to a Fourier transformation, so that the signal processing can be carried out in the frequency domain. In principle, however, processing in the time domain is also possible.
- the transformation of the signals and the following comparison are reproduced in the block diagram of FIG.
- the transfer function used in the system model can be adjusted until a predetermined quality criterion is reached and thus a broad agreement of the transfer function set in the system model and the real Schallübertragungsfunk ⁇ tion of the storage system is made.
- the transmission function set in the non-recursive filter corresponds to the sound transmission function of the bearing system.
- the measurement signal y 2 (t) results from a linear system that is excited by yi (t) as follows
- Equation 1.1 Since the transmission behavior of the linear system of Equation 1.1 can also be calculated from the power spectra, the following also applies
- the transfer function of the adaptive filter adapts to the behavior of the real system in each new calculation step, so that an estimate of the sound transmission in magnitude and phase is obtained at each new time. For the individual spectral components in an M-point FFT one thus obtains for the i-th excitation
- the factor c determines the speed of the adaptation. From the result, the current transmission behavior for the two signals considered can be determined for each new excitation.
- the transfer function of the storage system may change due to changing factors.
- the described method for determining the sound transmission function is able to adapt the transfer function determined in the system model at high speed to changes in the real sound transmission function of the bearing. Since in mechanical systems usually only comparatively slow changes occur, it is possible with the use of modern circuit and computing technology to adapt the transfer function determined in the system model to changing conditions so quickly that one can assume quasi-stationary states.
- the transfer function determined in each case in the system model can therefore be used to describe the storage system with regard to its sound transmission properties even within dynamic processes at any quasi-stationary point in time.
- the sound transmission function of a bearing system determined with the aid of the method according to the invention can be advantageously used for different applications.
- the constructive design of an entire bearing system can be adapted with the knowledge of the sound transmission function in order to prevent additional resonance ranges or critical frequency ranges arising, for example, for certain frequencies that are particularly poorly damped in the bearing system.
- knowledge of the sound transmission function enables the user of storage systems to select suitable lubricants that are particularly effective in counteracting unwanted noise in certain areas of a device design or at certain speeds.
- a main application of the determined Schallübertragungs ⁇ function is that active damping measures can be taken.
- piezoelectric actuators which are adhesively bonded, for example, on the outer ring of a roller bearing.
- Such piezoelectric actuators and their control options are known in principle to the person skilled in the art, so that further details are unnecessary.
- the transmission behavior of the sound transmission path can be suppressed by selectively connecting mufflers (passive actuators), for example between the outer ring and the housing of the bearing.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004054307A DE102004054307B4 (de) | 2004-11-09 | 2004-11-09 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Schallübertragungsfunktion und zur Dämpfung der Schallübertragung eines Lagersystems |
| PCT/DE2005/001983 WO2006050699A1 (de) | 2004-11-09 | 2005-11-04 | Verfahren zur bestimmung der schallübertragungsfunktion und zur dämpfung der schallübertragung eines lagersystems |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1810276A1 true EP1810276A1 (de) | 2007-07-25 |
Family
ID=35610178
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05810647A Withdrawn EP1810276A1 (de) | 2004-11-09 | 2005-11-04 | Verfahren zur bestimmung der schallübertragungsfunktion und zur dämpfung der schallübertragung eines lagersystems |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1810276A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102004054307B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2006050699A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0308526B1 (de) * | 1987-09-23 | 1992-02-19 | LuK Fahrzeug-Hydraulik GmbH & Co. KG | Geräuschbeurteilung von Fahrzeugpumpen |
| JPH02308305A (ja) * | 1989-05-24 | 1990-12-21 | Toshiba Corp | システムモデリング装置 |
| US6542857B1 (en) * | 1996-02-06 | 2003-04-01 | The Regents Of The University Of California | System and method for characterizing synthesizing and/or canceling out acoustic signals from inanimate sound sources |
| DE19826170C1 (de) * | 1998-06-13 | 1999-10-14 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur aktiven Beeinflussung einer Geräuschkulisse einer rotierende Teile aufweisenden Maschine |
| JP3551033B2 (ja) * | 1998-08-28 | 2004-08-04 | 日本精工株式会社 | 軸受剛性評価装置および方法 |
| DE19938722B4 (de) * | 1999-08-16 | 2010-10-07 | Prüftechnik Dieter Busch AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Analyse von Wälzlagern in Maschinen |
| AU7149300A (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-21 | Digisonix, Llc | Active acoustic attenuation system based on overall system test modeling |
-
2004
- 2004-11-09 DE DE102004054307A patent/DE102004054307B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-11-04 EP EP05810647A patent/EP1810276A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-04 WO PCT/DE2005/001983 patent/WO2006050699A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006050699A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2006050699A1 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
| DE102004054307A1 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
| DE102004054307B4 (de) | 2011-03-17 |
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