EP1791939B1 - Bleach activator mixtures - Google Patents
Bleach activator mixtures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1791939B1 EP1791939B1 EP05778930.7A EP05778930A EP1791939B1 EP 1791939 B1 EP1791939 B1 EP 1791939B1 EP 05778930 A EP05778930 A EP 05778930A EP 1791939 B1 EP1791939 B1 EP 1791939B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- mixtures
- alkyl
- mixture
- sodium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 101
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- -1 peroxy oxygen compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000005419 hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FRPJTGXMTIIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraacetylethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(=O)C(N)(C(C)=O)C(N)(C(C)=O)C(C)=O FRPJTGXMTIIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 239000003979 granulating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 28
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 10
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- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
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- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical class COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010020132 microbial serine proteinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940043348 myristyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001444 polymaleic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052903 pyrophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020095 red wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071089 sarcosinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005624 silicic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012217 sodium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QSKQNALVHFTOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O QSKQNALVHFTOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940087596 sodium phenolsulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RPQSWSMNPBZEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-acetyloxybenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O RPQSWSMNPBZEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MIKSWWHQLZYKGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-benzoyloxybenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MIKSWWHQLZYKGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BLXAGSNYHSQSRC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-hydroxybenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O BLXAGSNYHSQSRC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007944 soluble tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003470 sulfuric acid monoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000019263 trisodium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
- C11D3/3935—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts granulated, coated or protected
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
- C11D3/3907—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
- C11D3/3907—Organic compounds
- C11D3/391—Oxygen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
- C11D3/3907—Organic compounds
- C11D3/3917—Nitrogen-containing compounds
Definitions
- the invention relates to improved bleach activator and bleach compositions for use in detergents, cleaners and disinfectants.
- the invention also relates to compositions in the form of bleach activator co-granules having improved bleaching performance on a variety of bleachable soils.
- Inorganic peroxygen compounds particularly hydrogen peroxide and solid peroxygen compounds which dissolve in water to release hydrogen peroxide, such as sodium perborate and sodium carbonate perhydrate, have long been used as oxidizing agents for disinfecting and bleaching purposes.
- the oxidation effect of these substances in dilute solutions depends strongly on the temperature; Thus, for example, with H 2 O 2 or perborate in alkaline bleaching liquors only at temperatures above about 80 Ā° C, a sufficiently fast bleaching of soiled textiles.
- N- or O-acyl compounds for example polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine and tetraacetylglycoluril, N-acylated hydantoins, hydrazides, triazoles, hydrotriazines, urazoles.
- carboxylic anhydrides in particular phthalic anhydride and substituted maleic anhydrides
- carboxylic acid esters especially sodium acetoxy-benzenesulfonate, sodium
- Bleach activators are essential ingredients in powdered or tableted detergents, spot salts or machine dishwashing detergents, in particular being used in granulated form. As a result, their storage stability is significantly increased.
- the achievable bleaching result is essentially determined by the water solubility of the activator, the structure of the perhydrolysierenden compound, the type and reactivity of the peracid formed, the Granulieryskars and the type of Granulather too.
- Bleach activators can be classified into two classes for their reactivity to certain soils, hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
- hydrophilic bleach activators remove tea or red wine stains
- hydrophobic activators preferentially discolor oily discolorations such as ketchup and barbecue sauce.
- many of the soils that occur in daily life do not fall into these classes (e.g., grass, curry) or are mixtures of various soils (e.g., baby food).
- the application of a single bleach activator usually leads to unsatisfactory results.
- synergistically acting mixtures of detergent ingredients will be of particular interest in the future.
- the bleaching optimum of the activator mixtures depends on the type and the mixing ratio of the activators used and on the type of stains to be removed and, according to experience, can not theoretically be calculated in advance. Therefore, there is still much interest in novel bleach activator blends with which synergistic effects can be achieved.
- Preferred from the group of compounds of formula (I) are nonanoyloxybenzoic acid and decanoyloxybenzoic acid.
- these activator mixtures are used in the form of co-granules as bleach component together with a hydrogen peroxide-generating substance in detergents, cleaners and disinfectants.
- Corresponding hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are, for example, in EP-A-0 337 274 and DOS 196 54 780 , Tetraacetylethylenediamine in GB 907,356 and 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine in DD 229 696 and DD 253 634 described.
- the US Pat. No. 6,444,634 B1 discloses bleaching compositions containing a mixture of several bleach activators.
- the ratio of hydroxybenzoic acid derivative to N-acyl compound is generally 95: 5 to 5:95 wt.%, Preferably 75:25 to 25:75 wt.%, But in particular 60:40 to 40: 60% by weight.
- these mixtures are prepared in ready-made form.
- the use of additives and / or coating agents may be beneficial.
- the proportion of bleach activator mixtures is generally 5-98% by weight, preferably 40-95% by weight. The remainder is attributable to additives and / or coating agents.
- the bleach activator mixtures are used in combination with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxy compound.
- alkali metal perborates preferably in the form of mono- or tetrahydrate and / or alkali percarbonates, are considered in the first place, with sodium being the preferred alkali metal.
- the ratio of bleach activator mixture and peroxide compound is 1: 0.5 to 1:20 parts by weight, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 5 parts by weight.
- the bleach activator mixtures are used in the detergents according to the invention or, if the detergents are machine dishwashing detergents, in concentrations of 0.1-15%, preferably 1-8%. In stain salts or disinfectants, however, the proportion of the bleach activator mixture can also be up to 50%.
- Such detergents, cleaners and disinfectants may contain organic-based oxidizers in the concentration range of 1 to 20%.
- organic-based oxidizers include all known peroxycarboxylic acids, for example monoperoxyphthalic acid, dodecanediperoxyacid, but especially phthalimidoperoxycarboxylic acids (PAP).
- PAP phthalimidoperoxycarboxylic acids
- bleaching is understood here to mean both the bleaching of dirt located on the textile surface and the bleaching of dirt located in the wash liquor and detached from the textile surface. The same applies mutatis mutandis to the bleaching of stains on hard surfaces. Further potential applications are in the personal care field, for example in the bleaching of hair and to improve the effectiveness of denture cleaners. Furthermore, the mixtures according to the invention are used in commercial laundries, in wood and paper bleaching, in the bleaching of cotton and in disinfectants.
- the invention relates to a process for the cleaning of textiles as well as hard surfaces, in particular dishes, using said bleach activator mixtures in combination with the peroxide compound in aqueous, optionally further detergent or cleaning agent components, containing solution, and detergent and cleaning agent for hard surfaces, especially dishwashing detergents, such being preferred for use in machine processes.
- the preparation of the bleach activator mixtures can be carried out in different ways, wherein the physical state of the active substance at the beginning of the packaging can be of essential importance for the choice of method.
- packaging is to be understood here in particular as the granulation of the bleach activator mixture.
- the activator mixture is in the form of a solid, different routes of preparation are available. Usually, one or more additives which can have binding, stabilizing and / or supplementary function are added in these processes.
- the binder material is often added in liquid form, but can also be registered as a solid, which is activated in the granulator by an auxiliary liquid (usually water).
- the mixer granulation of the components can be carried out in conventional, batchwise or continuously operating mixing devices, which are generally equipped with rotating mixing devices.
- moderately working apparatus such as plowshare mixers (Lƶdige KM types, Drais KT types) or intensive mixers (eg Eirich, Schugi, Lƶdige CB types, Drais K-TT types) can be used.
- plowshare mixers Lƶdige KM types, Drais KT types
- intensive mixers eg Eirich, Schugi, Lƶdige CB types, Drais K-TT types
- multistage mixing processes are also conceivable in which the individual components are introduced into the overall mixture individually or together with other additives in various combinations. The order of slow mixer and fast mixer can be reversed as needed.
- the residence times in the mixer granulation are preferably 0.5 s to 20 min, more preferably 2 s to 10 min.
- a drying (for solvent) or cooling step (for melting) adjoins the granulation stage in order to avoid sticking of the granules.
- the aftertreatment preferably takes place in a fluidized bed apparatus. Subsequently, the coarse grain and the fine grain fraction is separated by sieving. The coarse grain fraction is comminuted by grinding and, like the fine grain fraction, fed to a renewed granulation process.
- the solid activator mixture is admixed with one or more plastification substances.
- plastification substances Other solid and liquid additives are also possible.
- the plasticizing substances can be introduced in liquid form (solvent or usually water) or in melt form. Depending on the plastification system, a particularly careful temperature control (mixture with melt) or precise control of the process is required Moisture balance (mixture with solvent / water) to ensure an undesirable change in the plasticity of the mixture (especially decrease by cooling, solidification or drying) to avoid.
- the liquid plasticizer is intensively mixed with the powdered activator mixture and possibly the other additives, so that a plastically deformable mass is formed.
- the mixing step may be in the o.g. Mixing apparatus, but also kneaders or special extruder types (for example Extrud-o-mix from Hosokawa-Bepex Corp.) are possible.
- the granulation mass is then pressed by means of tools through the nozzle bores of a press die, so that cylindrically shaped extrudates are formed.
- Suitable apparatuses for the extrusion process are ring roller presses (eg from SchlĆ¼ter), edge mills (eg from Amandus-Kahl) and extruders, designed as single-shaft machines (eg from Hosokawa-Bepex, Fuji-Paudal) or preferably as twin-screw extruders (eg from Fa. HƤndle).
- the choice of the diameter of the nozzle bore depends on the individual case and is typically in the range of 0.7 - 4 mm.
- the exiting extrudates are to be comminuted by a post-processing step to the desired length or particle size.
- the particle diameter is between 0.2 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm, the particle length in the range of 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm, ideally between 0.9 mm and 2 , 5 mm.
- the lengths or size adjustment of the granules can be done for example by fixed scraper blades, rotating blades, cutting wires or blades. To round off the cut edges, the granules can subsequently be rounded again in a rounding device (for example from Glatt, SchlĆ¼ter, Fuji-Paudal).
- the extrudate is only roughly chipped and the extrudate strands are transferred directly to a ripper.
- the further granulation takes place in the Rondier Kunststoff, in a preferred embodiment, the process in Cascade operation performed.
- the size and shape of the particles can be influenced and brought about in the Rondier Kunststoff by several parameters.
- the forming process is determined by the filling quantity, the temperature of the mixture, the residence time of the mixture in the Rondier, by the rotation speed of the Rondierintra, as well as by the plastic deformability of the mixture. With decreasing filling volume in the rounding device, shorter cylindrical granules and a narrower distribution of the particle sizes are obtained. With decreasing plasticity initially longer granules are obtained, with a further decrease in plasticity, the dust content increases sharply and targeted particle formation can not be achieved.
- a final solidification step is required in which the solvent is removed or the melt is solidified.
- this step is carried out in a fluidized bed apparatus operating as a dryer or condenser as required.
- the coarse grain and the fine grain fraction is separated by sieving.
- the coarse grain fraction is comminuted by grinding and, like the fine grain fraction, fed to a renewed granulation process.
- the pulverulent activator mixture is optionally mixed with further preferably solid additives, and this mixture is compacted, then ground and then optionally sieved into individual grain fractions.
- the mixture may also be added to some extent (eg up to 10%) liquid additives.
- compacting aids are water glass, polyethylene glycols, nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, polycarboxylate copolymers, modified and / or unmodified celluloses, bentonites, hectorites, saponites and / or other detergent ingredients.
- the compacting is preferably carried out on so-called roll compactors (for example from Hosokawa-Bepex, Alexanderwerk, Kƶppern).
- roll compactors for example from Hosokawa-Bepex, Alexanderwerk, Kƶppern.
- the roll profile can be on the one hand produce lumpy pellets or briquettes and on the other hand PreĆschĆ¼lpen. While the lumpy briquettes are usually separated only from the fines, the slugs must be crushed in a mill to the desired particle size.
- the mill type used is preferably mild grinding machines, such as e.g. Sieve and hammer mills (for example from Hosokawa-Alpine, Hosokawa-Bepex) or roll mills (for example from Bauermeister, BĆ¼hler) are used.
- the activator mixture is present in the form of a solution or suspension
- spray-drying or fluidized-bed granulation may be used in particular for the preparation.
- spray drying usually a spray powder with a particle size ā 200 microns is achieved, this powder can then be processed in a further confectioning step to larger particles.
- the solution or suspension is transferred directly into a granulate in a fluidized-bed granulation process.
- one or more additives may be added to the spray liquid, it being possible for these additives to be mixed both liquid and solid.
- the additives can also have the task of stabilizing or supplementing the actual active substance.
- optimum preparation of the spray slurry for the spraying process is advantageous, such as, for example, a grinding step for comminuting solid particles, frequently ZahnIMOnkolloidmĆ¼hlen can be used.
- a dilution and / or temperature control can be carried out.
- one or more additives may be separately metered into the process in solid form.
- the stubble portions of finished granules, as they are usually incurred, can be recycled as a solid in the fluidized bed. This recycling of the dust content is basically possible in all process variants for granulation.
- the separate solids dosage allows e.g. the targeted supply of a carrier material for receiving sticky active substances.
- the separate solid feed may prove to be a control tool for granule growth in the process.
- the described fluidized bed processes can be carried out in apparatuses which are designed both with round and with rectangular geometries.
- additives can have the following function.
- Suitable support materials are, for example, silicates, clays, carbonates, phosphates, sulfates and citrates.
- Clays are naturally occurring crystalline or amorphous silicates of aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium, for example kaolin, talc, pyrophyllite, attapulgite, sepiolite, saponites, hectorites, smectites such as montmorillonite, in particular bentonites, bauxite and zeolites.
- Particularly suitable are crystalline layered alkali metal silicates of the formula
- MM'Six0 (2x-1) * yH 2 O preferably sodium silicates, for example under the trade name SKS-6 and Nabion 15 available types.
- zeolites of the type A and P, and bentonites are under the name Laundrosil Ā® DGA, Laundrosil Ā® EX 0242 or Ikomont Ā® CA white on the market.
- Phyllosilicates can also be used in acid-modified form as they are in the Handets interlaced Tonsil Ā® EX 519, Tonsil Optimum 210 FF, Tonsil Standard 310 FF and 314 FF, and Opazil Ā® SO Fa. Suedchemie available.
- alkali metal phosphates which may be in the form of their alkaline, neutral or acidic sodium or potassium salts. Examples of these are trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, so-called sodium hexametaphosphate, oligomeric trisodium phosphate with degrees of oligomerization of from 5 to 1000, in particular from 5 to 50, and mixtures of sodium and potassium salts.
- Useful organic support materials are, for example, the carboxylic acids preferably used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid and nitriloacetate (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
- polymeric carboxylates and their salts include, for example, the salts of homopolymeric or copolymeric polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and in particular copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, preferably those of 50% to 10% of maleic acid, polyaspartic acid and also polyvinylpyrrolidone and urethanes.
- the molecular weight of the homopolymers is generally between 1000 and 100,000, that of the copolymers between 2000 and 200,000, preferably 50,000 to 120,000, based on the free acid.
- water-soluble polyacrylates which are crosslinked, for example, with about 1% of a polyallyl ether of sucrose and which have a molecular weight of more than one million are also suitable.
- these are the polymers available under the name Carbopol 940 and 941.
- Suitable binders are cellulose and starch and their ethers or esters, for example carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC) or hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and the corresponding starch derivatives, but also film-forming polymers, for example polyacrylic acids and copolymers of commercial products acrylic acid, and the Salts of these polymer acids.
- Commercial products are, for example Sokalan Ā® CP 5 or 45, Sokalan CP 12 S or 13 S. CP
- Surfactants in particular anionic and nonionic surfactants, surfactant compounds, di- and polysaccharides, cyclodextrins, meltable polyesters, polyalkylene glycols, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene glycols, particularly preferably polyethylene glycols having molecular weights of from 1000 to 10,000, preferably from 3,000 to 6,000, may also be used as binders and granulating aids , particularly preferably 4000, fatty acids, in particular saturated fatty acids, such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular from natural fatty acids, eg Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids derived mixtures, soaps, especially saturated fatty acid soaps and waxes are used.
- fatty acids in particular saturated fatty acids, such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic
- Preferred anionic surfactants are alkali salts, ammonium salts, amine salts and salts of amino alcohols of the following compounds: alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkylamide sulfates and ether sulfates, alkylaryl polyether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, alkanesulfonates, ā -olefinsulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, arylsulfonates, in particular cumene, xylene, toluenesulfonate alkylamide sulfonates, Alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfosuccinates, alkyl amide sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, alkyl polyglycerol carboxylates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates,
- Suitable nonionic surfactants are polyethoxylated, polypropoxylated and polyglycerinated fatty acid alkyl esters, polyethoxylated esters of fatty acids and sorbitol, polyethoxylated or polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula R 2 -CO-N (R 3 ) -Z, in which R 2 CO is an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Z is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups, but also alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x used where R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular 2-methyl-branched, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and G is a glycose unit having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose
- Suitable acidic additives are sulfuric acid, sodium hydrogensulfate, phosphoric acid, sodium hydrogenphosphate, phosphonic acids and their salts, carboxylic acids or their salts, such as citric acid in anhydrous or hydrated form, glycolic acid, succinic acid, succinic anhydride, glutaric acid, glutaric anhydride, adipic acid, adipic anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride or Lactic acid, but also acidic polymers.
- Particularly suitable acidic additives are polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid (Sokalan Ā® grades).
- the granules obtained according to the invention are suitable directly for use in detergents and cleaners.
- they can be provided with a coating shell according to methods known per se.
- the granules are coated in an additional step with a film-forming substance, whereby the product properties can be significantly influenced.
- Suitable coating agents are all film-forming substances, such as waxes, silicones, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, soaps, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic and cationic polymers, and polyalkylene glycols. Preference is given to using coating substances having a melting point of 30-100 Ā° C.
- C 8 -C 31 -fatty acids for example lauric, myristic, stearic acid
- C 8 -C 31 fatty alcohols for example lauric, myristic, stearic acid
- C 8 -C 31 fatty alcohols for example polyethylene glycols having a molecular weight of 1000 to 50,000 g / mol
- Fatty alcohol polyalkoxylates with 1 to 100 moles EO Alkanesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, ā -olefinsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates with C 8 -C 31 -hydrocarbon radicals
- polymers for example polyvinyl alcohols, waxes, for example montan waxes, paraffin waxes, ester waxes, polyolefin waxes, silicones.
- further substances which do not soften or melt in this area can be in dissolved or suspended form, for example homo-, cobalt- or graft copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids and / or sulfonic acids and their derivatives Alkali salts, cellulose ethers, starch, starch ethers, polyvinylpyrrolidone; mono- and polybasic carboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids or ether carboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and salts thereof; Silicates, carbonates, bicarbonates, sulfates, phosphates, phosphonates.
- the content of coating substance can be from 1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 5 to 15% by weight, based on the coated granules.
- mixers mechanically induced fluidized bed
- fluidized bed apparatus pneumatically induced fluidized bed
- mixers for example, plowshare mixers (continuous and batchwise), ring layer mixers or even Schugi mixers are possible.
- the tempering can be carried out using a mixer in a granule preheater and / or in the mixer directly and / or in a fluidized bed downstream of the mixer.
- Granulated coolers or fluid bed coolers can be used to cool the coated granules.
- the heat treatment takes place via the hot gas used for fluidization.
- the granules coated by the fluidized-bed method can be cooled by a granulate cooler or a fluidized-bed cooler, similar to the mixing method. Both in the mixing process and in the fluidized bed process, the coating substance can be sprayed on a single-component or a ZweistoffdĆ¼svorraum.
- the optional tempering consists in a heat treatment at a temperature of 30 to 100 Ā° C, but equal to or below the melting or softening temperature of the respective shell substance. Preference is given to working at a temperature which is just below the melting or softening temperature.
- the bleach activator mixtures according to the invention can be used in detergents, cleaners and disinfectants together with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxy compounds.
- Essential components of such detergents, cleaners and disinfectants will be listed below.
- the detergents and cleaners may comprise one or more surfactants, in particular anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof, but also cationic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants.
- Such surfactants are present in inventive detergents in proportions of preferably 1 wt .-% to 50 wt .-%, in particular from 3 to 30 wt .-%, whereas in hard surface cleaners usually lower levels, that is amounts up to 20 wt .-%, in particular up to 10 wt .-% and preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 wt .-% are included.
- Dishwashing detergents typically use low-foam compounds.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are in particular soaps and those which contain sulfate or sulfonate groups.
- surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C 9 -C 13 alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, that is mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as those of monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the sulfonation obtained.
- alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C 12 -C 18 -alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
- esters of alpha-sulfo fatty acids for example the alpha-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids obtained by sulfonating the methyl esters of fatty acids of vegetable and / or animal origin having 8 to 20 carbon atoms be prepared in the fatty acid molecule and subsequent neutralization to water-soluble mono-salts.
- alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and, in particular, the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 8 -C 20 -oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred.
- alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical produced on a petrochemical basis.
- 2,3-alkyl sulfates which, for example, according to the US patents US 3,234,158 and US 5 075 041 are prepared, are suitable anionic surfactants.
- sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide such as 2-methyl-branched C 9 -C 11 -alcohols having on average 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C 12 -C 18 -fatty alcohols having 1 to 4 EO.
- the preferred anionic surfactants also include the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfoccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters, and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- alcohols preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8 to C 18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these.
- Suitable further anionic surfactants are fatty acid derivatives of amino acids, for example N-methyltaurine (Tauride) and / or N-methylglycine (sarcosinate).
- anionic surfactants are in particular soaps, for example in amounts of 0.2 to 5 wt .-%, into consideration.
- Particularly suitable are saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and, in particular, soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
- the anionic surfactants may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably present in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
- Anionic surfactants are preferably present in detergents according to the invention in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight and in particular in amounts of from 5 to 25% by weight.
- the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical is linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position can, or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
- EO ethylene oxide
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 -C 14 -alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 -C 11 -alcohols with 7 EO, C 13 -C 15 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12 -C 18 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7'EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12 -C 14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 -C 18 -alcohol with 7 EO.
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include (tallow) fatty alcohols with 14 EO, 16 EO, 20 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- the nonionic surfactants also include alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular 2-methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and 6 represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose.
- the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is an arbitrary number - which, as a variable to be determined analytically, may also assume fractional values - between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.
- polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I) in which R 1 is CO for an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 2 is hydrogen; an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical. with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl having 3 to 1 0 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are preferably derived from reducing sugars having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, in particular from glucose.
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula in which (II) is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R 4 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene radical or an arylene radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R 5 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein C 1 -C 4 alkyl or phenyl radicals are preferred, and [Z] is a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is at least is substituted two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this group.
- [Z] is also obtained here preferably by reductive amination of a sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- a sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- the N-alkoxy- or N-allyloxy-substituted compounds can then be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
- nonionic surfactants used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, in particular together with alkoxylated fatty alcohols and / or alkyl glycosides, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, especially fatty acid methyl ester.
- nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylaminoxid. and the fatty acid alkanolamide may be suitable.
- surfactants are so-called gemini surfactants. These are generally understood as meaning those compounds which have two hydrophilic groups per molecule. These groups are usually separated by a so-called āspacer". This spacer is usually one Carbon chain, which should be long enough that the hydrophilic groups have a sufficient distance so that they can act independently. Such surfactants are generally characterized by an unusually low critical micelle concentration and the ability to greatly reduce the surface tension of the water. However, it is also possible to use gemini-polyhydroxy fatty acid amides or poly-polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, as described in international patent applications WO 95/19953 . WO 95/19954 and WO 95/19955 to be discribed. Other surfactant types may have dendrimeric structures.
- a detergent according to the invention preferably contains at least one water-soluble and / or water-insoluble, organic and / or inorganic builder.
- Suitable water-soluble inorganic builder materials are, in particular, alkali metal silicates and polymeric alkali metal phosphates which may be present in the form of their alkaline, neutral or acidic sodium or potassium salts. Examples of these are trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, so-called sodium hexametaphosphate and the corresponding potassium salts or mixtures of sodium and potassium salts.
- water-insoluble, water-dispersible inorganic builder materials are in particular crystalline or amorphous alkali metal aluminosilicates, in amounts of up to 50 wt .-%.
- the detergent grade crystalline sodium aluminosilicates particularly zeolite A, P and optionally X, alone or in mixtures, for example in the form of a cocrystal of zeolites A and X.
- Their calcium binding capacity is generally in the range of 100 to 200 mg CaO per gram.
- Suitable builder substances are also crystalline alkali metal silicates, which may be present alone or in a mixture with amorphous silicates.
- the alkali silicates useful as builders have Preferably, a molar ratio of alkali metal oxide to SiO 2 below 0.95, in particular from 1: 1.1 to 1: 12 and may be present amorphous or crystalline.
- Preferred alkali silicates are the sodium silicates, in particular the amorphous sodium silicates with a molar ratio of Na 2 O: SiO, of 1: 2 to 1: 2.8.
- crystalline silicates which may be present alone or in a mixture with amorphous silicates, preference is given to using crystalline sheet silicates of the general formula NA 2 Si x O 2 ā + 1 : YH 2 O, in which x, the so-called module, has a number of 1, 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4.
- Preferred crystalline phyllosilicates are those in which x in the abovementioned general formula assumes the values 2 or 3.
- both ā - and ā -sodium disilicate are preferred.
- amorphous silicates practically anhydrous crystalline alkali metal silicates of the abovementioned general formula in which x is a number from 1.9 to 2.1, can be used.
- a crystalline layered sodium silicate with a modulus of 2 to 3 is used, as can be prepared from sand and soda. Crystalline sodium silicates with a modulus in the range from 1.9 to 3.5 are used in a further preferred embodiment of compositions according to the invention.
- compositions according to the invention a granular compound of alkali silicate and alkali carbonate is used, as is commercially available, for example, under the name NabionĀ®.
- alkali metal aluminosilicate in particular zeolite
- the weight ratio of aluminosilicate to silicate, based in each case on anhydrous active substances is preferably 1:10 to 10: 1.
- the weight ratio is from amorphous alkali metal silicate to crystalline alkali silicate, preferably 1: 2 to 2: 1 and in particular 1: 1 to 2: 1.
- Such builder substances are preferably present in compositions according to the invention in amounts of up to 60% by weight, in particular from 5% by weight to 40% Wt .-%, contained.
- the water-soluble organic builder substances include polycarboxylic acids, in particular citric acid and sugar acids, aminopolycarboxylic acids, in particular methylglycinediacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and polyaspartic acid.
- Polyphosphonic acids especially aminotris (methylenephosphonic acid), ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylenephosphonic acid) and 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid can also be used.
- polymeric (poly) carboxylic acids in particular the polycarboxylates obtainable by oxidation of polysaccharides or dextrins, polymeric acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, maleic acids and copolymers thereof, which may also contain polymerized small amounts of polymerizable substances without carboxylic acid functionality.
- the molecular weight of the homopolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids is generally between 5000 and 200,000, that of the copolymers between 2000 and 200,000, preferably 50,000 to 120,000, in each case based on the free acid.
- a particularly preferred acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer has a molecular weight of 50,000 to 100,000.
- Commercially available products are, for example, SokalanĀ® CP 5, CP 10 and PA 30 from BASF.
- Also suitable are copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with vinyl ethers, such as vinylmethyl ethers, vinyl esters, ethylene, propylene and styrene, in which the proportion of acid is at least 50% by weight.
- the first acidic monomer or its salt is derived from a monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 -carboxylic acid and preferably from a C 3 -C 4 -monocarboxylic acid, in particular from (meth) -acrylic acid.
- the second acidic monomer or its salt may be a derivative of a C 4 -C 8 -dicarboxylic acid, with maleic acid being particularly preferred, and / or a derivative of an allylsulfonic acid which is substituted in the 2-position by an alkyl or aryl radical.
- Such polymers generally have a relative Molecular weight between 1000 and 200 000 on.
- Further preferred copolymers are those which preferably have as monomers acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or vinyl acetate.
- the organic builder substances can be used, in particular for the preparation of liquid agents, in the form of aqueous solutions, preferably in the form of 30 to 50% strength by weight aqueous solutions. All of the acids mentioned are generally used in the form of their water-soluble salts, in particular their alkali metal salts.
- organic builder substances may be present in amounts of up to 40% by weight, in particular up to 25% by weight and preferably from 1 to 8% by weight. Quantities close to the stated upper limit are preferably used in pasty or liquid, in particular water-containing agents.
- Suitable water-soluble builder components in hard surface cleaners according to the invention are in principle all builders customarily used in detergents for dishwashing, for example the abovementioned alkali metal phosphates. Their amounts may be in the range of up to about 60 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 20 wt .-%, based on the total mean.
- water-soluble builder components are, in addition to polyphosphonates and Phosphonatalkylcarboxylaten for example, organic polymers of native or synthetic origin of the above-mentioned type of polycarboxylates, which act especially in hard water regions as a co-builder, and naturally occurring hydroxycarboxylic acids such as mono-, dihydroxysuccinic, alpha-hydroxypropionic and gluconic.
- Preferred organic builder components include the salts of citric acid, especially sodium citrate.
- sodium citrate anhydrous tri-sodium citrate and preferably trisodium citrate dihydrate are suitable. Trisodium citrate dihydrate can be used as a fine or coarse crystalline powder.
- Detergents adjusted pH value can also be present corresponding to the said co-builder salts acids.
- the enzymes optionally contained in the agents according to the invention include proteases, amylases, pullulanases, cellulases, cutinases and / or lipases, for example proteases such as BLAPĀ®, OptimaseĀ®, OpticleanĀ®, MaxacalĀ®, MaxapemĀ®, DurazymĀ®, PurafectĀ® OxP, EsperaseĀ® and / or SavinaseĀ®, amylases such as TermamyĀ®, amylase-LT, MaxamylĀ®, DuramylĀ®, Purafectel OxAm, cellulases such as CelluzymeĀ®, CarezymeĀ®, K-ACĀ® and / or lipases such as LipolaseĀ®, LipomaxĀ®, LumafastĀ® and / or LipozymĀ®.
- proteases such as BLAPĀ®, OptimaseĀ®, OpticleanĀ®, MaxacalĀ®, MaxapemĀ®, DurazymĀ®, PurafectĀ® OxP, EsperaseĀ® and /
- the enzymes used may be adsorbed to carriers and / or embedded in encapsulants to protect against premature inactivation. They are preferably present in detergents and cleaners according to the invention in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.05 to 5% by weight, enzymes which are particularly preferably stabilized against oxidative degradation being used.
- Machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention preferably comprise the customary alkali carriers, for example alkali metal silicates, alkali metal carbonates and / or alkali hydrogen carbonates.
- Alkali silicates may be present in amounts of up to 40% by weight. in particular from 3 to 30% by weight, based on the total agent.
- the alkali carrier system preferably used in cleaning agents according to the invention is a mixture of carbonate and bicarbonate, preferably sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, which may be present in an amount of up to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 40% by weight.
- inventive means for the automatic cleaning of dishes are 20 to 60 wt .-% of water-soluble organic builder, in particular alkali citrate, 3 to 20 wt .-% alkali carbonate and 3 to 40 wt .-% Alkalidisilikat included.
- silver corrosion inhibitors can be used in dishwashing detergents according to the invention.
- Preferred silver corrosion inhibitors are organic sulfides such as cystine and cysteine, di- or trihydric phenols, optionally alkyl or aryl-substituted triazoles such as benzotriazole, isocyanuric acid, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, molybdenum, vanadium or Cersalze_und / or complexes, and salts and / or complexes of the metals present in the complexes suitable according to the invention with other than in formula (I) predetermined ligands.
- the agents foam too much during use, they may still contain up to 6% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to 4% by weight, of a foam-regulating compound, preferably from the group consisting of silicones, paraffins, paraffin-alcohol combinations , Hydrophobicized silicic acids, Bisfettklareamide and mixtures thereof and other other known commercially available foam inhibitors are added.
- a foam-regulating compound preferably from the group consisting of silicones, paraffins, paraffin-alcohol combinations , Hydrophobicized silicic acids, Bisfettklareamide and mixtures thereof and other other known commercially available foam inhibitors are added.
- the foam inhibitors in particular silicone and / or paraffin-containing foam inhibitors, are preferably bound to a granular, water-soluble or dispersible carrier substance. In particular, mixtures of paraffins and bistearylethylenediamide are preferred.
- Further optional ingredients in the compositions according to the invention are, for example, perfume oils.
- organic solvents which can be used in the compositions according to the invention, especially if they are in liquid or pasty form, are alcohols having 1 to 4 C atoms, in particular methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol, diols having 2 to 4 C atoms, in particular ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and mixtures thereof and the derivable from said classes of compounds ethers.
- Such water-miscible solvents are preferably not present in the cleaning agents according to the invention 20 wt .-%, in particular from 1 to 15 wt .-%, present.
- compositions according to the invention may contain system and environmentally acceptable acids, in particular citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid and / or adipic acid, but also mineral acids, in particular sulfuric acid or alkali metal hydrogensulfates, or bases, in particular ammonium or alkali metal hydroxides, such pH regulators are preferably not more than 10 wt .-%, in particular from 0.5 wt .-% to 6 wt .-%, contain.
- system and environmentally acceptable acids in particular citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid and / or adipic acid
- mineral acids in particular sulfuric acid or alkali metal hydrogensulfates, or bases, in particular ammonium or alkali metal hydroxides
- pH regulators are preferably not more than 10 wt .-%, in particular from
- compositions according to the invention are preferably in the form of pulverulent, granular or tablet-like preparations which are prepared in a manner known per se, for example by mixing, granulating, roll compacting and / or spray-drying the thermally stable components and admixing the more sensitive components, in particular enzymes, bleaches and the bleach catalyst are to be expected, can be prepared.
- Solutions according to the invention in the form of aqueous or other conventional solvent-containing solutions are particularly advantageously prepared by simply mixing the ingredients, which can be added in bulk or as a solution in an automatic mixer.
- compositions according to the invention in the form of non-dusting, storage-stable free-flowing powders and / or granules with high bulk densities in the range from 800 to 1000 g / l can also be achieved by using the builder components with at least a proportion of liquid mixture components in a first process stage mixed with increasing the bulk density of this premix and subsequently - if desired after a Intermediate drying - the other ingredients of the composition, including the bleach catalyst, combined with the thus obtained premix.
- compositions according to the invention in tablet form, the procedure is preferably such that all ingredients are mixed together in a mixer and the mixture by means of conventional tablet presses, such as Exzeriteipressen or rotary presses, with pressing pressures in the range of 200 ā 10 5 Pa to 1500 ā 10 5 Pa pressed.
- This gives unbreakable, yet sufficiently rapidly soluble tablets under application conditions with flexural strengths of normally over 150 N.
- a tablet produced in this way has a weight of 1-5 g to 40 g, in particular from 20 g to 30 g; at a diameter of 3-5 mm to 40 mm.
- the bleaching performance of the individual activators and of the mixtures according to the invention was investigated in a Linitest apparatus (Fa. Out) at 40.degree.
- a Linitest apparatus Fa. Out
- 2 g / l of a bleach-free basic detergent (WMP, WFK, Krefeld) and 0.5 g / l of sodium percarbonate (Degussa) were dissolved in water of hardness grade 3.
- 250 mg / l activator or activator mixture were added.
- the washing time was 30 min.
- Curry, grass and tea on cotton BC-4, CS-8 and BC-1, WFK, Krefeld
- DOBA decanoyloxybenzoic acid
- TAED tetaacetylethylenediamine
- the bleaching performance of the individual activators and of the mixtures according to the invention was investigated in a Linitest apparatus (Fa. Out) at 40.degree.
- a Linitest apparatus Fa. Out
- 2 g / l of a bleach-free basic detergent (WMP, WFK, Krefeld) and 0.5 g / l of sodium percarbonate (Degussa) were dissolved in water of hardness grade 3.
- 250 mg / l activator or activator mixture were added.
- the washing time was 30 min.
- Grass and tea on cotton (CS-8 and BC-1, WFK, Krefeld) were used as bleaching test cloth.
- DOBA decanoyloxybenzoic acid
- TAED tetaacetylethylenediamine
- the experiments were carried out in a Miele Novotronic W927 in a short cycle at 40 Ā° C.
- 72 g basic wash detergent (WMP, WFK, Krefeld) 12 g percarbonate (Degussa) and 2.5 g activator or a mixture of 1.5 g TAED and 1.0 g DOBA were used per wash.
- the test soiling was a multi-stem swatch (EMPA).
- EMPA multi-stem swatch
- the powder mixture thus prepared was then pressed in a roller compactor (type: Hosokawa-Bepex Pharmapaktor L 200/30 P).
- the speed of the rollers was in the range of about 3 - 6 min -1 and the speed of the plug screw was varied in the range of about 15 - 20 min -1 in order to achieve a sufficient compaction of the powder.
- the pressed pieces were then comminuted gently on a screen mill (type: Alexanderwerk SKM / NR), using a sieve insert with a mesh width of 1600 ā m and a speed of 33 min -1 was worked.
- the comminuted product was finally fractionated on a laboratory sieve (type Retsch AS 200 control) in order to separate out fine particles ā 400 ā m from the target product.
- the final compact was 44.3% TAED (active), 44.4% DOBA (active), and 8.5% bentonite.
- the production of a co-granulate with NOBA can be carried out in an analogous manner.
- the mixing and granulating process was continued for a further 5 minutes at constant speed and with the cutter head switched on in order to achieve sufficient granulation of the mixture.
- the total drying time was about 15 minutes, during which the blower output was gradually lowered from level 5 to level 1.
- the dried product was then fractionated on a laboratory sieve (type Retsch AS 200 control) in order to separate out fine particles ā 200 ā m and coarse particles> 1400 ā m from the target product.
- the finished build-up granulate was present with a composition of about 51.4% TAED (active), about 34.3% NOBA (active) and about 12.7% CMC.
- the production of a co-granulate with DOBA can be carried out in an analogous manner.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft verbesserte Bleichaktivator- und Bleichmittelzusammensetzungen zum Einsatz in Wasch-, Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsmitteln. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung auch Zusammensetzungen in Form von Bleichaktivator-Co-Granulaten mit verbesserter Bleichleistung an einer Vielzahl bleichbarer Anschmutzungen.The invention relates to improved bleach activator and bleach compositions for use in detergents, cleaners and disinfectants. In particular, the invention also relates to compositions in the form of bleach activator co-granules having improved bleaching performance on a variety of bleachable soils.
Anorganische Persauerstoffverbindungen, insbesondere Wasserstoffperoxid und feste Persauerstoffverbindungen, die sich in Wasser unter Freisetzung von Wasserstoffperoxid lƶsen, wie Natriumperborat und Natriumcarbonat-Perhydrat, werden seit langem als Oxidationsmittel zu Desinfektions- und Bleichzwecken verwendet. Die Oxidationswirkung dieser Substanzen hƤngt in verdĆ¼nnten Lƶsungen stark von der Temperatur ab; so erzielt man beispielsweise mit H2O2 oder Perborat in alkalischen Bleichflotten erst bei Temperaturen oberhalb von etwa 80Ā°C eine ausreichend schnelle Bleiche verschmutzter Textilien.Inorganic peroxygen compounds, particularly hydrogen peroxide and solid peroxygen compounds which dissolve in water to release hydrogen peroxide, such as sodium perborate and sodium carbonate perhydrate, have long been used as oxidizing agents for disinfecting and bleaching purposes. The oxidation effect of these substances in dilute solutions depends strongly on the temperature; Thus, for example, with H 2 O 2 or perborate in alkaline bleaching liquors only at temperatures above about 80 Ā° C, a sufficiently fast bleaching of soiled textiles.
Bei niedrigeren Temperaturen kann die Oxidationswirkung der anorganischen Persauerstoffverbindungen durch Zusatz sogenannter Bleichaktivatoren verbessert werden. HierfĆ¼r wurden in der Vergangenheit zahlreiche VorschlƤge erarbeitet, vor allem aus den Stoffklassen der N- oder O-Acylverbindungen, beispielsweise mehrfach acylierte Alkylendiamine, insbesondere Tetraacetylethylendiamin und Tetraacetylglykoluril, N-acylierte Hydantoine, Hydrazide, Triazole, Hydrotriazine, Urazole. Diketopiperazine, Sulfurylamide und Cyanurate, auĆerdem CarbonsƤureanhydride, insbesondere PhthalsƤureanhydrid und substituierte MaleinsƤureanhydride, CarbonsƤureester, insbesondere Natrium-acetoxy-benzolsulfonat, Natrium-benzoyloxybenzolsulfonat (BOBS), Natrium-nonanoyloxy-benzolsulfonat (NOBS), Natriumisononanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (ISONOBS) und acylierte Zuckerderivate, wie Pentaacetylglukose. Durch Zusatz dieser Substanzen kann die Bleichwirkung wƤssriger Peroxidlƶsungen so weit gesteigert werden, dass bereits bei Temperaturen um 40 - 60Ā°C im wesentlichen die gleichen Wirkungen wie mit der Peroxidlƶsung allein bei 95Ā°C eintreten.At lower temperatures, the oxidation effect of the inorganic peroxygen compounds can be improved by adding so-called bleach activators. For this purpose, numerous proposals have been worked out in the past, especially from the classes of N- or O-acyl compounds, for example polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine and tetraacetylglycoluril, N-acylated hydantoins, hydrazides, triazoles, hydrotriazines, urazoles. Diketopiperazines, sulfurylamides and cyanurates, as well as carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride and substituted maleic anhydrides, carboxylic acid esters, especially sodium acetoxy-benzenesulfonate, sodium benzoyloxybenzenesulfonate (BOBS), sodium nonanoyloxy-benzenesulfonate (NOBS), sodium isononoyloxybenzenesulfonate (ISONOBS) and acylated sugar derivatives, such as pentaacetylglucose , By adding these substances, the bleaching effect of aqueous peroxide solutions can be increased so much that already at Temperatures around 40-60 Ā° C substantially the same effects as with the peroxide solution alone at 95 Ā° C occur.
Bleichaktivatoren sind wesentliche Bestandteile in pulverfƶrmigen oder tablettierten Waschmitteln, Fleckensalzen oder MaschinengeschirrspĆ¼lmitteln, wobei sie insbesondere in granulierter Form eingesetzt werden. Hierdurch wird ihre LagerstabilitƤt deutlich erhƶht. Das erzielbare Bleichergebnis wird im wesentlichen bestimmt durch die Wasserlƶslichkeit des Aktivators, die Struktur der zu perhydrolysierenden Verbindung, Art und ReaktivitƤt der gebildeten PersƤure, des Granulierhilfsmittels und der Art der Granulatherstellung.Bleach activators are essential ingredients in powdered or tableted detergents, spot salts or machine dishwashing detergents, in particular being used in granulated form. As a result, their storage stability is significantly increased. The achievable bleaching result is essentially determined by the water solubility of the activator, the structure of the perhydrolysierenden compound, the type and reactivity of the peracid formed, the Granulierhilfsmittels and the type of Granulatherstellung.
Bleichaktivatoren lassen sich hinsichtlich ihrer ReaktivitƤt gegenĆ¼ber bestimmten Anschmutzungen in zwei Klassen einteilen, hydrophile und hydrophobe. Hydrophile Bleichaktivatoren entfernen insbesondere Tee- oder Rotweinanschmutzungen, wƤhrend hydrophobe Aktivatoren vorzugsweise ƶlhaltige VerfƤrbungen wie Ketchup und Barbecuesauce entfƤrben. Viele der im tƤglichen Leben auftretenden Anschmutzungen fallen aber nicht in diese Klassen (z.B. Gras, Curry) oder sind Mischungen verschiedenartiger Anschmutzungen (z.B. Babynahrung). Hier fĆ¼hrt die Anwendung eines einzigen Bleichaktivators meist zu unbefriedigenden Ergebnissen. Im Hinblick auf weiter sinkende Waschtemperaturen und volumeneffizienteren Formulierungen sind zukĆ¼nftig synergistisch wirkende Gemische von Waschmittelinhaltsstoffen von besonderem Interesse.Bleach activators can be classified into two classes for their reactivity to certain soils, hydrophilic and hydrophobic. In particular, hydrophilic bleach activators remove tea or red wine stains, while hydrophobic activators preferentially discolor oily discolorations such as ketchup and barbecue sauce. However, many of the soils that occur in daily life do not fall into these classes (e.g., grass, curry) or are mixtures of various soils (e.g., baby food). Here, the application of a single bleach activator usually leads to unsatisfactory results. In view of further decreasing wash temperatures and more volume-efficient formulations, synergistically acting mixtures of detergent ingredients will be of particular interest in the future.
Die Verwendung spezieller Aktivatorgemische bestehend aus einem hydrophilen und einem hydrophoben Aktivator ist Stand der Technik. Als hydrophobe Komponente werden Ć¼berwiegend Derivate des gut wasserlƶslichen Natrium-Phenolsulfonates eingesetzt. So werden z.B. in
Das Bleichoptimum der Aktivatormischungen ist abhƤngig von der Art und dem MischungsverhƤltnis der verwendeten Aktivatoren sowie von der Art der zu entfernenden Anschmutzungen und kann erfahrungsgemĆ¤Ć nicht theoretisch im Voraus berechnet werden. Es besteht daher weiterhin starkes Interesse an neuartigen Bleichaktivatormischungen, mit denen synergistische Effekte erzielt werden kƶnnen.The bleaching optimum of the activator mixtures depends on the type and the mixing ratio of the activators used and on the type of stains to be removed and, according to experience, can not theoretically be calculated in advance. Therefore, there is still much interest in novel bleach activator blends with which synergistic effects can be achieved.
Ćberraschenderweise wurde nun gefunden, dass Mischungen von Bleichaktivatoren auf Basis von HydroxybenzoesƤuren und bestimmten PeressigsƤure-freisetzenden Aktivatoren signifikante synergistische Effekte an schwer zu entfernenden Anschmutzungen wie Gras und Curry aufweisen.Surprisingly, it has now been found that mixtures of bleach activators based on hydroxybenzoic acids and certain peracetic acid-releasing activators have significant synergistic effects on hard-to-remove soils such as grass and curry.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Bleichaktivatoren enthaltend, in Form von Co-Granulaten
- a) ein HydroxybenzoesƤurederivat der Formel
- b) Tetraacetylethylendiamin und/oder 1,5-Diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazin.
- a) a HydroxybenzoesƤurederivat of the formula
- b) tetraacetylethylenediamine and / or 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine.
Bevorzugt aus der Gruppe der Verbindungen der Formel (I) sind NonanoyloxybenzoesƤure und DecanoyloxybenzoesƤure.Preferred from the group of compounds of formula (I) are nonanoyloxybenzoic acid and decanoyloxybenzoic acid.
In einer bevorzugten Anwendungsform werden diese Aktivatorgemische in Form von Co-Granulaten als Bleichmittelkomponente zusammen mit einer Wasserstoffperoxid generierenden Substanz in Wasch-, Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsmitteln eingesetzt.In a preferred embodiment, these activator mixtures are used in the form of co-granules as bleach component together with a hydrogen peroxide-generating substance in detergents, cleaners and disinfectants.
Entsprechende HydroxybenzoesƤurederivate werden z.B. in
In den erfindungsgemƤĆen Bleichaktivator-Mischungen betrƤgt das VerhƤltnis von HydroxybenzoesƤurederivat zu N-Acylverbindung im allgemeinen 95:5 bis 5:95 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 75:25 bis 25:75 Gew.-%, insbesondere aber 60:40 bis 40:60 Gew.-%. In einer besonders bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform werden diese Mischungen in konfektionierter Form hergestellt. Hier kann die Verwendung von Zusatzstoffen und/oder Coatingmitteln von Vorteil sein. In derartig konfektionierten Zubereitungen betrƤgt der Anteil der Bleichaktivator-Mischungen im allgemeinen 5 - 98 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 40 - 95 Gew.-%. Der Rest entfƤllt auf Zusatzstoffe und/oder Coatingmittel.
In den erfindungsgemƤĆen Wasch-, Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsmitteln werden die Bleichaktivator-Mischungen in Kombination mit Wasserstoffperoxid oder anorganischen Peroxyverbindung eingesetzt. Hierzu kommen in erster Linie alle Alkaliperborate, vorzugsweise in Form der Mono- oder Tetrahydrate und/oder Alkalipercarbonate in Betracht, wobei Natrium das bevorzugte Alkalimetall ist. Das VerhƤltnis von Bleichaktivator-Mischung und Peroxidverbindung betrƤgt 1: 0,5 bis 1: 20 Gewichtsteile vorzugsweise 1 : 1 bis 1 : 5 Gewichtsteile.In the bleach activator mixtures according to the invention, the ratio of hydroxybenzoic acid derivative to N-acyl compound is generally 95: 5 to 5:95 wt.%, Preferably 75:25 to 25:75 wt.%, But in particular 60:40 to 40: 60% by weight. In a particularly preferred embodiment, these mixtures are prepared in ready-made form. Here, the use of additives and / or coating agents may be beneficial. In such formulated preparations, the proportion of bleach activator mixtures is generally 5-98% by weight, preferably 40-95% by weight. The remainder is attributable to additives and / or coating agents.
In the detergents, cleaners and disinfectants according to the invention, the bleach activator mixtures are used in combination with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxy compound. For this purpose, all alkali metal perborates, preferably in the form of mono- or tetrahydrate and / or alkali percarbonates, are considered in the first place, with sodium being the preferred alkali metal. The ratio of bleach activator mixture and peroxide compound is 1: 0.5 to 1:20 parts by weight, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 5 parts by weight.
Die Bleichaktivator-Mischungen werden in den erfindungsgemƤĆen Waschmitteln oder, falls es sich bei den Reinigungsmitteln um MaschinengeschirrspĆ¼lmittel handelt, in Konzentrationen von 0,1 - 15 %, vorzugsweise 1 - 8 % eingesetzt. In Fleckensalzen oder Desinfektionsmitteln kann der Anteil der Bleichaktivatormischung aber auch bis zu 50 % betragen.The bleach activator mixtures are used in the detergents according to the invention or, if the detergents are machine dishwashing detergents, in concentrations of 0.1-15%, preferably 1-8%. In stain salts or disinfectants, however, the proportion of the bleach activator mixture can also be up to 50%.
ZusƤtzlich kƶnnen solche Wasch-, Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsmittel Oxidationsmittel auf organischer Basis im Konzentrationsbereich von 1 - 20 % enthalten. Hierzu zƤhlen alle bekannte PeroxycarbonsƤuren, z.B. MonoperoxyphthalsƤure, DodecandiperoxysƤure, insbesondere aber PhthalimidoperoxycarbonsƤuren (PAP).In addition, such detergents, cleaners and disinfectants may contain organic-based oxidizers in the concentration range of 1 to 20%. These include all known peroxycarboxylic acids, for example monoperoxyphthalic acid, dodecanediperoxyacid, but especially phthalimidoperoxycarboxylic acids (PAP).
Unter dem Begriff der Bleiche wird hier sowohl das Bleichen von sich auf der TextiloberflƤche befindendem Schmutz als auch das Bleichen von in der Waschflotte befindlichem, von der textilen OberflƤche abgelƶstem Schmutz verstanden. FĆ¼r das Bleichen von auf harten OberflƤchen befindlichen Anschmutzungen gilt sinngemĆ¤Ć das gleiche. Weitere potentielle Anwendungen finden sich im Personal Care Bereich z.B. bei der Bleiche von Haaren und zur Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit von Gebissreinigern. Des weiteren finden die erfindungsgemƤĆen Mischungen Verwendung in gewerblichen WƤschereien, bei der Holz und Papierbleiche, der Bleiche von Baumwolle und in Desinfektionsmitteln.
Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von Textilien wie auch von harten OberflƤchen, insbesondere von Geschirr, unter Einsatz der genannten Bleichaktivator-Mischungen in Kombination mit der Peroxidverbindung in wƤssriger, gegebenenfalls weitere Wasch- beziehungsweise Reinigungsmittelbestandteile, enthaltender Lƶsung, und Waschmittel sowie Reinigungsmittel fĆ¼r harte OberflƤchen, insbesondere Reinigungsmittel fĆ¼r Geschirr, wobei solche fĆ¼r den Einsatz in maschinellen Verfahren bevorzugt sind.The term bleaching is understood here to mean both the bleaching of dirt located on the textile surface and the bleaching of dirt located in the wash liquor and detached from the textile surface. The same applies mutatis mutandis to the bleaching of stains on hard surfaces. Further potential applications are in the personal care field, for example in the bleaching of hair and to improve the effectiveness of denture cleaners. Furthermore, the mixtures according to the invention are used in commercial laundries, in wood and paper bleaching, in the bleaching of cotton and in disinfectants.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for the cleaning of textiles as well as hard surfaces, in particular dishes, using said bleach activator mixtures in combination with the peroxide compound in aqueous, optionally further detergent or cleaning agent components, containing solution, and detergent and cleaning agent for hard surfaces, especially dishwashing detergents, such being preferred for use in machine processes.
Die Konfektionierung der Bleichaktivator-Mischungen kann auf unterschiedlichen Wegen erfolgen, wobei der Aggregatzustand der Aktivsubstanz zu Beginn der Konfektionierung von wesentlicher Bedeutung fĆ¼r die Verfahrenswahl sein kann. Unter dem Begriff Konfektionierung ist hier vor allem die Granulierung der Bleichaktivator-Mischung zu verstehen.The preparation of the bleach activator mixtures can be carried out in different ways, wherein the physical state of the active substance at the beginning of the packaging can be of essential importance for the choice of method. The term packaging is to be understood here in particular as the granulation of the bleach activator mixture.
Liegt die Aktivatormischung als Feststoff vor, bieten sich unterschiedliche Wege zur Konfektionierung an. Ćblicherweise werden in diesen Prozessen ein oder mehrere Additive zugesetzt, die Binder-, Stabilisierungs- und/oder ErgƤnzungsfunktion haben kƶnnen. Das Bindematerial wird hƤufig in flĆ¼ssiger Form zugesetzt, kann aber auch als Feststoff eingetragen werden, der im Granulierapparat durch eine HilfsflĆ¼ssigkeit (meist Wasser) aktiviert wird.If the activator mixture is in the form of a solid, different routes of preparation are available. Usually, one or more additives which can have binding, stabilizing and / or supplementary function are added in these processes. The binder material is often added in liquid form, but can also be registered as a solid, which is activated in the granulator by an auxiliary liquid (usually water).
Die Mischergranulierung der Komponenten kann in Ć¼blichen, chargenweise oder kontinuierlich arbeitenden Mischvorrichtungen, die in der Regel mit rotierenden Mischorganen ausgerĆ¼stet sind, erfolgen. Als Mischer kƶnnen moderat arbeitende Apparate wie z.B. Pflugscharmischer (Lƶdige KM-Typen, Drais K-T-Typen) aber auch Intensivmischer (z.B. Eirich, Schugi, Lƶdige CB-Typen, Drais K-TT-Typen) zum Einsatz kommen. Beim Mischen sind alle Mischvarianten denkbar, die eine ausreichende Durchmischung der Komponenten gewƤhrleisten. Bei einer bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform werden alle Komponenten gleichzeitig vermischt. Es sind jedoch auch mehrstufige Mischprozesse denkbar, bei denen die einzelnen Komponenten in verschiedenen Kombinationen einzeln oder zusammen mit anderen Additiven in die Gesamtmischung eingetragen werden. Die Reihenfolge von Langsam- und Schnellmischer kann je nach Erfordernis vertauscht werden. Die Verweilzeiten in der Mischergranulierung betragen bevorzugt 0,5 s bis 20 min, besonders bevorzugt 2 s bis 10 min.
In AbhƤngigkeit der verwendeten GranulierflĆ¼ssigkeit (Lƶsemittel oder schmelzefƶrmiger Binder) schlieĆt sich an die Granulierstufe ein Trocknungs- (fĆ¼r Lƶsemittel) bzw. KĆ¼hlungsschritt (fĆ¼r Schmelzen) an, um ein Verkleben der Granulate zu vermeiden. Die Nachbehandlung findet vorzugsweise in einem FlieĆbett-Apparat statt. AnschlieĆend wird durch Sieben der Grobkorn- und der Feinkornanteil abgetrennt. Der Grobkornanteil wird durch Vermahlen zerkleinert und ebenso wie der Feinkornanteil einem erneuten Granulierungsprozess zugefĆ¼hrt.The mixer granulation of the components can be carried out in conventional, batchwise or continuously operating mixing devices, which are generally equipped with rotating mixing devices. As a mixer, moderately working apparatus such as plowshare mixers (Lƶdige KM types, Drais KT types) or intensive mixers (eg Eirich, Schugi, Lƶdige CB types, Drais K-TT types) can be used. When mixing all mixed variants are conceivable that ensure adequate mixing of the components. In a preferred embodiment, all components are mixed simultaneously. However, multistage mixing processes are also conceivable in which the individual components are introduced into the overall mixture individually or together with other additives in various combinations. The order of slow mixer and fast mixer can be reversed as needed. The residence times in the mixer granulation are preferably 0.5 s to 20 min, more preferably 2 s to 10 min.
Depending on the granulating liquid used (solvent or melt-shaped binder), a drying (for solvent) or cooling step (for melting) adjoins the granulation stage in order to avoid sticking of the granules. The aftertreatment preferably takes place in a fluidized bed apparatus. Subsequently, the coarse grain and the fine grain fraction is separated by sieving. The coarse grain fraction is comminuted by grinding and, like the fine grain fraction, fed to a renewed granulation process.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform wird das feste Aktivatorgemisch mit einem oder mehreren Plastifizierungssubstanzen versetzt. Weitere feste und flĆ¼ssige Additive sind ebenfalls mƶglich. Die Plastifizierungssubstanzen kƶnnen flĆ¼ssig (Lƶsemittel oder meist Wasser) oder schmelzefƶrmig eingetragen werden. Je nach Plastifizierungssystem ist im Prozess auf eine besonders sorgfƤltige TemperaturfĆ¼hrung (Mischung mit Schmelze) bzw. auf eine genaue Kontrolle des Feuchtigkeitshaushaltes (Mischung mit Lƶsemittel/Wasser) zu achten, um eine ungewĆ¼nschte VerƤnderung der PlastizitƤt der Mischung (vor allem Abnahme durch AbkĆ¼hlen, Erstarren bzw. Austrocknen) zu vermeiden.In a further preferred embodiment, the solid activator mixture is admixed with one or more plastification substances. Other solid and liquid additives are also possible. The plasticizing substances can be introduced in liquid form (solvent or usually water) or in melt form. Depending on the plastification system, a particularly careful temperature control (mixture with melt) or precise control of the process is required Moisture balance (mixture with solvent / water) to ensure an undesirable change in the plasticity of the mixture (especially decrease by cooling, solidification or drying) to avoid.
Das flĆ¼ssige Plastifiziermittel wird intensiv mit dem pulverfƶrmigen Aktivatorgemisch und ggf. den weiteren Additiven gemischt, so dass eine plastisch verformbare Masse entsteht. Der Mischschritt kann in den o.g. Mischapparaten erfolgen, aber auch Kneter oder spezielle Extrudertypen (z.B. Extrud-o-mix der Fa. Hosokawa-Bepex Corp.) sind denkbar. Die Granuliermasse wird anschlieĆend mittels Werkzeugen durch die DĆ¼senbohrungen einer Pressmatrize gepresst, so dass zylindrisch geformte Extrudate entstehen. Geeignete Apparate fĆ¼r den Extrusionsprozess sind Ringkollerpressen (z.B. von Fa. SchlĆ¼ter), KollergƤnge (z.B. von Fa. Amandus-Kahl) und Extruder, ausgefĆ¼hrt als Einwellenmaschine (z.B. von Fa. Hosokawa-Bepex, Fuji-Paudal) oder bevorzugt als Doppelschneckenextruder (z.B. von Fa. HƤndle). Die Wahl des Durchmessers der DĆ¼senbohrung ist vom Einzelfall abhƤngig und liegt typischerweise im Bereich von 0,7 - 4 mm.The liquid plasticizer is intensively mixed with the powdered activator mixture and possibly the other additives, so that a plastically deformable mass is formed. The mixing step may be in the o.g. Mixing apparatus, but also kneaders or special extruder types (for example Extrud-o-mix from Hosokawa-Bepex Corp.) are possible. The granulation mass is then pressed by means of tools through the nozzle bores of a press die, so that cylindrically shaped extrudates are formed. Suitable apparatuses for the extrusion process are ring roller presses (eg from SchlĆ¼ter), edge mills (eg from Amandus-Kahl) and extruders, designed as single-shaft machines (eg from Hosokawa-Bepex, Fuji-Paudal) or preferably as twin-screw extruders (eg from Fa. HƤndle). The choice of the diameter of the nozzle bore depends on the individual case and is typically in the range of 0.7 - 4 mm.
Die austretenden Extrudate sind durch einen Nachbearbeitungsschritt auf die gewĆ¼nschte LƤnge bzw. PartikelgrƶĆe zu zerkleinern. In vielen FƤllen ist ein LƤngen/Durchmesser-VerhƤltnis von L/D = 1 gewĆ¼nscht. Bei zylinderfƶrmigen Granulaten liegt der Partikeldurchmesser zwischen 0,2 mm und 2 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 mm und 0,8 mm, die TeilchenlƤnge im Bereich von 0,5 mm bis 3,5 mm, idealerweise zwischen 0,9 mm und 2,5 mm. Die LƤngen bzw. GrƶĆeneinstellung der Granulate kann beispielsweise durch feststehende Abstreifermesser, rotierende Schnittmesser, SchnittdrƤhte oder -klingen erfolgen. Zum Abrunden der Schnittkanten kann das Granulat anschlieĆend nochmals in einem Rondierer (z.B. von Fa. Glatt, SchlĆ¼ter, Fuji-Paudal) verrundet werden.The exiting extrudates are to be comminuted by a post-processing step to the desired length or particle size. In many cases, a length / diameter ratio of L / D = 1 is desired. For cylindrical granules, the particle diameter is between 0.2 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm, the particle length in the range of 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm, ideally between 0.9 mm and 2 , 5 mm. The lengths or size adjustment of the granules can be done for example by fixed scraper blades, rotating blades, cutting wires or blades. To round off the cut edges, the granules can subsequently be rounded again in a rounding device (for example from Glatt, SchlĆ¼ter, Fuji-Paudal).
In einer anderen bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform wird das Extrudat nur grob vorgebrochen und die ExtrudatstrƤnge direkt in einen Rondierer Ć¼berfĆ¼hrt. Die weitere Granulatformung (zylindrisch bis sphƤrische Partikeln sind mƶglich) erfolgt im Rondierschritt, in einer bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform wird der Prozess im Kaskadenbetrieb durchgefĆ¼hrt. GrƶĆe und Form der Partikel kƶnnen im Rondierverfahren durch mehrere Parameter beeinflusst und herbeigefĆ¼hrt werden. Der Formungsprozess wird bestimmt durch die FĆ¼llmenge, die Temperatur der Mischung, die Verweilzeit der Mischung im Rondierer, durch die Drehgeschwindigkeit der Rondierscheibe, sowie durch die plastische Verformbarkeit der Mischung. Mit abnehmender FĆ¼llmenge im Rondierer werden kĆ¼rzere Zylindergranulate und eine engere Verteilung der PartikelgrƶĆen erhalten. Mit abnehmender PlastizitƤt werden zunƤchst lƤngere Granulate erhalten, bei einer noch weiteren Abnahme der PlastizitƤt nimmt der Staubanteil stark zu und eine gezielte Partikelformung kann nicht mehr erreicht werden.In another preferred embodiment, the extrudate is only roughly chipped and the extrudate strands are transferred directly to a ripper. The further granulation (cylindrical to spherical particles are possible) takes place in the Rondierschritt, in a preferred embodiment, the process in Cascade operation performed. The size and shape of the particles can be influenced and brought about in the Rondierverfahren by several parameters. The forming process is determined by the filling quantity, the temperature of the mixture, the residence time of the mixture in the Rondier, by the rotation speed of the Rondierscheibe, as well as by the plastic deformability of the mixture. With decreasing filling volume in the rounding device, shorter cylindrical granules and a narrower distribution of the particle sizes are obtained. With decreasing plasticity initially longer granules are obtained, with a further decrease in plasticity, the dust content increases sharply and targeted particle formation can not be achieved.
Nach der GrƶĆeneinstellung der Granulate ist ein abschlieĆender Verfestigungsschritt erforderlich bei dem das Lƶsemittel entfernt bzw. die Schmelze erstarrt wird. Ćblicherweise wird dieser Schritt in einem FlieĆbett-Apparat durchgefĆ¼hrt, der je nach den Erfordernissen als Trockner oder KĆ¼hler betrieben wird. AnschlieĆend wird durch Sieben der Grobkorn- und der Feinkornanteil abgetrennt. Der Grobkornanteil wird durch Vermahlen zerkleinert und ebenso wie der Feinkornanteil einem erneuten Granulierungsprozess zugefĆ¼hrt.After the size adjustment of the granules, a final solidification step is required in which the solvent is removed or the melt is solidified. Usually, this step is carried out in a fluidized bed apparatus operating as a dryer or condenser as required. Subsequently, the coarse grain and the fine grain fraction is separated by sieving. The coarse grain fraction is comminuted by grinding and, like the fine grain fraction, fed to a renewed granulation process.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform wird das pulverfƶrmige Aktivatorgemisch ggf. mit weiteren vorzugsweise festen Additiven gemischt und diese Mischung kompaktiert, danach gemahlen und anschlieĆend gegebenenfalls in einzelne Kornfraktionen gesiebt. Gegebenenfalls kƶnnen der Mischung auch in gewissem Umfang (z.B. bis zu 10 %) zusƤtzlich flĆ¼ssige Additive zugesetzt werden. Beispiele fĆ¼r Kompaktierhilfsmittel sind Wasserglas, Polyethylenglykole, nichtionische Tenside, anionische Tenside, Polycarboxylatcopolymere, modifizierte und/oder unmodifizierte Cellulosen, Bentonite, Hectorite, Saponite und/oder andere Waschmittelinhaltsstoffe.In a further preferred embodiment, the pulverulent activator mixture is optionally mixed with further preferably solid additives, and this mixture is compacted, then ground and then optionally sieved into individual grain fractions. Optionally, the mixture may also be added to some extent (eg up to 10%) liquid additives. Examples of compacting aids are water glass, polyethylene glycols, nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, polycarboxylate copolymers, modified and / or unmodified celluloses, bentonites, hectorites, saponites and / or other detergent ingredients.
Die Kompaktierung wird vorzugsweise auf sog. Walzenkompaktoren (z.B. von Fa. Hosokawa-Bepex, Alexanderwerk, Kƶppern) durchgefĆ¼hrt. Durch die Wahl des Walzenprofils lassen sich einerseits stĆ¼ckige Pellets oder Briketts und andererseits PreĆschĆ¼lpen erzeugen. WƤhrend die stĆ¼ckigen PreĆlinge Ć¼blicherweise nur noch vom Feinanteil abgetrennt werden, mĆ¼ssen die SchĆ¼lpen in einer MĆ¼hle auf die gewĆ¼nschte PartikelgrƶĆe zerkleinert werden. Typischerweise kommen als MĆ¼hlenty vorzugsweise schonende Mahlapparate, wie z.B. Sieb- und HammermĆ¼hlen (z.B. von Fa. Hosokawa-Alpine, Hosokawa-Bepex) oder WalzenstĆ¼hle (z.B. von Fa. Bauermeister, BĆ¼hler) zum Einsatz.The compacting is preferably carried out on so-called roll compactors (for example from Hosokawa-Bepex, Alexanderwerk, Kƶppern). By choosing the roll profile can be on the one hand produce lumpy pellets or briquettes and on the other hand PreĆschĆ¼lpen. While the lumpy briquettes are usually separated only from the fines, the slugs must be crushed in a mill to the desired particle size. Typically, the mill type used is preferably mild grinding machines, such as e.g. Sieve and hammer mills (for example from Hosokawa-Alpine, Hosokawa-Bepex) or roll mills (for example from Bauermeister, BĆ¼hler) are used.
Von dem so erzeugten Granulat wird durch Siebung der Feinkornanteil und ggf. der Grobkornanteil abgetrennt. Der Grobkornanteil wird erneut der MĆ¼hle zugefĆ¼hrt, der Feinkornanteil erneut der Kompaktierung zugefĆ¼hrt. Zur Klassierung der Granulate kƶnnen z.B. Siebmaschinen der Firmen Allgaier, Sweco, Rhewum zum Einsatz kommen.From the granules thus produced is separated by screening the fine grain content and possibly the coarse grain fraction. The coarse grain fraction is again fed to the mill, the fine grain content fed again to the compaction. For classifying the granules, e.g. Screening machines of the companies Allgaier, Sweco, Rhewum are used.
Liegt die Aktivatormischung in Form einer Lƶsung oder Suspension vor, bieten sich zur Konfektionierung vor allem die SprĆ¼htrocknung bzw. die Wirbelschicht-Granulierung an. Bei der SprĆ¼htrocknung wird Ć¼blicherweise ein SprĆ¼hpulver mit einer PartikelgrƶĆe < 200 Āµm erzielt, wobei dieses Pulver anschlieĆend in einem weiteren Konfektionierungsschritt zu grƶĆeren Partikeln verarbeitet werden kann. In einer bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform wird die Lƶsung oder Suspension in einem Wirbelschicht-Granulierprozess direkt in ein Granulat Ć¼berfĆ¼hrt. Je nach Verarbeitungseigenschaften der Aktivatormischung bzw. der gewĆ¼nschten Granulatformulierung kƶnnen der SprĆ¼hflĆ¼ssigkeit ein oder mehrere Additive zugesetzt werden, wobei diese Additive sowohl flĆ¼ssig als auch fest eingemischt werden kƶnnen. Neben einer Binder-Funktion kƶnnen die Additive auch die Aufgabe einer Stabilisierung oder einer ErgƤnzungskomponente zur eigentlichen Aktivsubstanz haben. Speziell beim Zumischen fester Additive ist eine optimale Vorbereitung der SprĆ¼hslurry fĆ¼r den SprĆ¼hprozess von Vorteil, wie z.B. ein Mahlschritt zur Zerkleinerung von Feststoffteilchen, wobei hƤufig ZahnscheibenkolloidmĆ¼hlen zum Einsatz kommen kƶnnen. Zur gezielten Einstellung der ViskositƤt der SprĆ¼hflĆ¼ssigkeit kann eine VerdĆ¼nnung und/oder Temperierung vorgenommen werden.If the activator mixture is present in the form of a solution or suspension, spray-drying or fluidized-bed granulation may be used in particular for the preparation. In spray drying, usually a spray powder with a particle size <200 microns is achieved, this powder can then be processed in a further confectioning step to larger particles. In a preferred embodiment, the solution or suspension is transferred directly into a granulate in a fluidized-bed granulation process. Depending on the processing properties of the activator mixture or the desired granulate formulation, one or more additives may be added to the spray liquid, it being possible for these additives to be mixed both liquid and solid. In addition to a binder function, the additives can also have the task of stabilizing or supplementing the actual active substance. Especially when admixing solid additives, optimum preparation of the spray slurry for the spraying process is advantageous, such as, for example, a grinding step for comminuting solid particles, frequently ZahnscheibenkolloidmĆ¼hlen can be used. For specific adjustment of the viscosity of the spray liquid, a dilution and / or temperature control can be carried out.
GemĆ¤Ć einer anderen bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform kƶnnen ein oder mehrere Additive separat in fester Form in den Prozess eindosiert werden. Auch die Stauhanteile an fertigem Granulat, wie sie Ć¼blicherweise anfallen, kƶnnen als Feststoff in die Wirbelschicht zurĆ¼ckgefĆ¼hrt werden. Diese RĆ¼ckfĆ¼hrung der Staubanteile ist grundsƤtzlich bei allen Prozessvarianten zur Granulierung mƶglich. Die separate Feststoffdosierung erlaubt z.B. die gezielte ZufĆ¼hrung eines TrƤgermaterials zur Aufnahme klebriger Aktivsubstanzen. DarĆ¼ber hinaus kann sich die getrennte Feststoffeinspeisung als Steuerungsinstrument fĆ¼r das Granulatwachstum im Prozess erweisen.According to another preferred embodiment, one or more additives may be separately metered into the process in solid form. The stubble portions of finished granules, as they are usually incurred, can be recycled as a solid in the fluidized bed. This recycling of the dust content is basically possible in all process variants for granulation. The separate solids dosage allows e.g. the targeted supply of a carrier material for receiving sticky active substances. In addition, the separate solid feed may prove to be a control tool for granule growth in the process.
Die beschriebenen Wirbelschichtprozesse kƶnnen in Apparaten, die sowohl mit runden als auch mit rechteckigen Geometrien ausgefĆ¼hrt sind, durchgefĆ¼hrt werden.The described fluidized bed processes can be carried out in apparatuses which are designed both with round and with rectangular geometries.
Wie mehrfach erwƤhnt, ist es in vielen FƤllen notwendig im Granulierprozess der Aktivsubstanz ein oder mehrere Additive zuzusetzen. Im einzelnen kƶnnen diese Additive folgende Funktion haben.As mentioned several times, it is necessary in many cases during the granulation of the active substance to add one or more additives. In particular, these additives can have the following function.
Als TrƤgermaterialien geeignet sind beispielsweise Silikate, Tone, Carbonate, Phosphate, Sulfate und Citrate. Tone sind natĆ¼rlich vorkommende kristalline oder amorphe Silikate des Aluminiums, Eisens, Magnesiums, Calciums, Kaliums und Natriums, zum Beispiel Kaolin, Talkum, Pyrophyllit, Attapulgit, Sepiolit, Saponite, Hectorite, Smektite wie Montmorillionit, insbesondere Bentonite, Bauxit und Zeolithe. Besonders geeignet sind kristalline schichtfƶrmige Alkalisilikate der FormelSuitable support materials are, for example, silicates, clays, carbonates, phosphates, sulfates and citrates. Clays are naturally occurring crystalline or amorphous silicates of aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium, for example kaolin, talc, pyrophyllite, attapulgite, sepiolite, saponites, hectorites, smectites such as montmorillonite, in particular bentonites, bauxite and zeolites. Particularly suitable are crystalline layered alkali metal silicates of the formula
MM'Six0(2x-1)*yH2O (M,M' = Na, K, H, x = 1,9-23; y = 0-25), bevorzugt Natriumsilikate, beispielsweise unter den Handelsnamen SKS-6 und Nabion 15 erhƤltliche Typen.
Ebenso geeignet sind Zeolithe vom Typ A und P, sowie Bentonite wie sie unter der Bezeichnung LaundrosilĀ® DGA, LaundrosilĀ® EX 0242 oder IkomontĀ® CA weiĆ im Handel sind. Schichtsilikate kƶnnen auch in sauer modifizierter Form eingesetzt werden, wie sie in den Handetsprodukten TonsilĀ® EX 519, Tonsil Optimum 210 FF, Tonsil Standard 310 FF und 314 FF, sowie OpazilĀ® SO der Fa. SĆ¼dchemie zur VerfĆ¼gung stehen.MM'Six0 (2x-1) * yH 2 O (M, M '= Na, K, H, x = 1.9 to 23; y = 0-25), preferably sodium silicates, for example under the trade name SKS-6 and Nabion 15 available types.
Also suitable are zeolites of the type A and P, and bentonites as they are under the name Laundrosil Ā® DGA, Laundrosil Ā® EX 0242 or Ikomont Ā® CA white on the market. Phyllosilicates can also be used in acid-modified form as they are in the Handetsprodukten Tonsil Ā® EX 519, Tonsil Optimum 210 FF, Tonsil Standard 310 FF and 314 FF, and Opazil Ā® SO Fa. Suedchemie available.
Weitere geeignete TrƤgermaterialien sind Alkaliphosphate, die in Form ihrer alkalischen, neutralen oder sauren Natrium- oder Kaliumsalze vorliegen kƶnnen. Beispiele hierfĆ¼r sind Trinatriumphosphat, Tetranatriumdiphosphat, Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphat, Pentanatriumtriphosphat, sogenanntes Natriumhexametaphosphat, oligomerers Trinatriumphosphat mit Oligomerisierungsgraden von 5 bis 1000, insbesondere 5 bis 50, sowie Gemische aus Natrium- und Kaliumsalzen.
Brauchbare organische TrƤgermaterialien sind beispielsweise die bevorzugt in Form ihrer Natriumsalze eingesetzten CarbonsƤuren, wie CitronensƤure und Nitriloacetat (NTA), EthylendiamintetraessigsƤure. Analog hierzu kƶnnen auch polymere Carboxylate und deren Salze eingesetzt werden. Hierzu gehƶren beispielsweise die Salze homopolymerer oder copolymerer Polyacrylate, Polymethyacrylate und insbesondere Copolymere der AcrylsƤure mit MaleinsƤure, vorzugsweise solche aus 50 % bis 10 % MaleinsƤure, PolyasparaginsƤure und auch Polyvinylpyrrolidon und Urethane. Die relative MolekĆ¼lmasse der Homopolymeren liegt im allgemeinen zwischen 1000 und 100 000, die der Copolymeren zwischen 2000 und 200 000, vorzugsweise 50 000 bis 120 000, bezogen auf die freie SƤure. Insbesondere sind auch wasserlƶsliche Polyacrylate geeignet, die beispielsweise mit etwa 1 % eines Polyallylethers der Sucrose quervernetzt sind und die eine relative MolekĆ¼lmasse oberhalb einer Million besitzen. Beispiele hierfĆ¼r sind die unter dem Namen Carbopol 940 und 941 erhƤltlichen Polymere.Other suitable support materials are alkali metal phosphates, which may be in the form of their alkaline, neutral or acidic sodium or potassium salts. Examples of these are trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, so-called sodium hexametaphosphate, oligomeric trisodium phosphate with degrees of oligomerization of from 5 to 1000, in particular from 5 to 50, and mixtures of sodium and potassium salts.
Useful organic support materials are, for example, the carboxylic acids preferably used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid and nitriloacetate (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Analogously, it is also possible to use polymeric carboxylates and their salts. These include, for example, the salts of homopolymeric or copolymeric polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and in particular copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, preferably those of 50% to 10% of maleic acid, polyaspartic acid and also polyvinylpyrrolidone and urethanes. The molecular weight of the homopolymers is generally between 1000 and 100,000, that of the copolymers between 2000 and 200,000, preferably 50,000 to 120,000, based on the free acid. In particular, water-soluble polyacrylates which are crosslinked, for example, with about 1% of a polyallyl ether of sucrose and which have a molecular weight of more than one million are also suitable. Examples of these are the polymers available under the name Carbopol 940 and 941.
Als Bindemittel kommen in Frage Cellulose und StƤrke sowie deren Ether oder Ester, beispielsweise Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Methylcellulose (MC) oder Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) und die entsprechenden StƤrkederivate, aber auch filmbildende Polymere, beispielsweise PolyacrylsƤuren und Copolymere aus HandelsĆ¼bliche Produkte AcrylsƤure, sowie die Salze dieser PolymersƤuren. HandelsĆ¼bliche Produkte sind zum Beispiel SokalanĀ® CP 5 oder 45, Sokalan CP 12 S oder CP 13 S.Suitable binders are cellulose and starch and their ethers or esters, for example carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC) or hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and the corresponding starch derivatives, but also film-forming polymers, for example polyacrylic acids and copolymers of commercial products acrylic acid, and the Salts of these polymer acids. Commercial products are, for example Sokalan Ā® CP 5 or 45, Sokalan CP 12 S or 13 S. CP
Als Bindemittel und Granulierhilfsmittel kƶnnen auch Tenside, insbesondere anionische und nichtionische Tenside, Tensid-Compounds, Di- und Polysaccharide, Cyclodextrine, schmelzbare Polyester, Polyalkylenglycole, insbesondere Polyethylen-, Polypropylenglykole, besonders bevorzugt Polyethylenglykole mit Molekulargewichten von 1000 bis 10000, bevorzugt 3000 bis 6000, besonders bevorzugt 4000, FettsƤuren, insbesondere gesƤttigte FettsƤuren, wie LaurinsƤure, MyristinsƤure, PalmitinsƤure, StearinsƤure, hydrierte ErucasƤure und BehensƤure, sowie insbesondere aus natĆ¼rlichen FettsƤuren, z.B. Kokos-, Palmkern- oder TalgfettsƤuren abgeleitete Gemische, Seifen, insbesondere gesƤttigte FettsƤureseifen und Wachse eingesetzt werden.Surfactants, in particular anionic and nonionic surfactants, surfactant compounds, di- and polysaccharides, cyclodextrins, meltable polyesters, polyalkylene glycols, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene glycols, particularly preferably polyethylene glycols having molecular weights of from 1000 to 10,000, preferably from 3,000 to 6,000, may also be used as binders and granulating aids , particularly preferably 4000, fatty acids, in particular saturated fatty acids, such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular from natural fatty acids, eg Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids derived mixtures, soaps, especially saturated fatty acid soaps and waxes are used.
Bevorzugte anionische Tenside sind Alkalisalze, Ammoniumsalze, Aminsalze und Salze von Aminoalkoholen von folgenden Verbindungen: Alkylsulfate, Alkylethersulfate, Alkylamidsulfate und -ethersulfate, Alkylarylpolyethersulfate, Monoglyceridsulfate, Alkansulfonate, Ī±-Olefinsulfonate, Alkylarylsulfonate, Arylsulfonate, insbesondere Cumol-, Xylol-, Toluolsulfonat Alkylamidsulfonate, Alkylsulfosuccinate, Alkylethersulfosuccinate, Alkylamidsulfosuccinate, Alkylsulfoacetate, Alkylpolyglycerin-carboxylate, Alkylphosphate, Alkyletherphosphaten, Alkylsarcosinate, Alkylpolypeptidate, Alkylamidopolypeptidate, Alkylisethionate, Alkyltaurate, AlkylpolyglykolethercarbonsƤuren oder FettsƤuren, wie OleinsƤure, RicinoleinsƤure, PalmitinsƤure, StearinsƤure, KopraƶlsƤuresalz oder hydrierte KopraƶlsƤuresalze. Der Alkylrest all dieser Verbindungen enthƤlt normalerweise 8 - 32, vorzugsweise 8 - 22 C-Atome.Preferred anionic surfactants are alkali salts, ammonium salts, amine salts and salts of amino alcohols of the following compounds: alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkylamide sulfates and ether sulfates, alkylaryl polyether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, alkanesulfonates, Ī±-olefinsulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, arylsulfonates, in particular cumene, xylene, toluenesulfonate alkylamide sulfonates, Alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfosuccinates, alkyl amide sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, alkyl polyglycerol carboxylates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl polypeptides, alkyl amido coppeptides, alkyl isethionates, alkyl taurates, alkyl polyglycol ether carboxylic acids or fatty acids such as oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, coconut oil acid salt or hydrogenated coconut oil acid salts. The alkyl group of all these compounds normally contains 8-32, preferably 8-22 carbon atoms.
Als nichtionische Tenside kommen in Frage polyethoxylierte, polypropoxylierte und polyglycerinierte FettsƤurealkylester, polyethyloxylierte Ester von FettsƤuren und von Sorbit, polyethoxilierte oder PolyhydroxyfettsƤureamide der Formel R2-CO-N(R3)-Z, in der R2CO fĆ¼r einen aliphatischen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R3 fĆ¼r Wasserstoff, einen Alkyl oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen und Z fĆ¼r einen linearen oder verzweigten Polyhydroxyalkylrest mit 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und 3 bis 10 Hydroxylgruppen steht, aber auch Alkylglykoside der allgemeinen Formel RO(G)x eingesetzt, wobei R einen primƤren geradkettigen oder methylverzweigten, insbesondere in 2-Stellung methylverzweigten, aliphatischen Rest mit 8 bis 22, vorzugsweise 12 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen, bedeutet und G fĆ¼r eine Glykoseeinheit mit 5 oder 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise fĆ¼r Glucose, steht. Der Oligomerisierungsgrad x, der die Verteilung von Monoglykosiden und Oligoglykosiden angibt, ist bevorzugt eine Zahl zwischen 1 und 10, besonders bevorzugt liegt x zwischen 1,2 und 1,4.Suitable nonionic surfactants are polyethoxylated, polypropoxylated and polyglycerinated fatty acid alkyl esters, polyethoxylated esters of fatty acids and sorbitol, polyethoxylated or polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula R 2 -CO-N (R 3 ) -Z, in which R 2 CO is an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Z is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups, but also alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x used where R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular 2-methyl-branched, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and G is a glycose unit having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is preferably a number between 1 and 10, more preferably x is between 1.2 and 1.4.
Als saure Additive sind geeignet SchwefelsƤure, Natriumhydrogensulfat, PhosphorsƤure, Natriumhydrogenphosphat, PhosphonsƤuren und deren Salze, CarbonsƤuren oder deren Salze, wie z.B. ZitronensƤure in wasserfreier oder hydratisierter Form, GlykolsƤure, BernsteinsƤure, BernsteinsƤureanhydrid, GlutarsƤure, GlutarsƤureanhydrid, AdipinsƤure, AdipinsƤureanhydrid, MaleinsƤure, MaleinsƤureanhydrid oder MilchsƤure, aber auch saure Polymere. Besonders geeignete saure Additive sind PolyacrylsƤure, PolymaleinsƤure oder Copolymere aus AcrylsƤure und MaleinsƤure (SokalanĀ®-Typen).Suitable acidic additives are sulfuric acid, sodium hydrogensulfate, phosphoric acid, sodium hydrogenphosphate, phosphonic acids and their salts, carboxylic acids or their salts, such as citric acid in anhydrous or hydrated form, glycolic acid, succinic acid, succinic anhydride, glutaric acid, glutaric anhydride, adipic acid, adipic anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride or Lactic acid, but also acidic polymers. Particularly suitable acidic additives are polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid (Sokalan Ā® grades).
Die erfindungsgemĆ¤Ć erhaltenen Granulate sind direkt zum Einsatz in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln geeignet. In einer besonders bevorzugten Verwendungsform kƶnnen sie jedoch nach an sich bekannten Verfahren mit einer CoatinghĆ¼lle versehen werden. Hierzu wird das Granulat in einem zusƤtzlichen Schritt mit einer filmbildenden Substanz umhĆ¼llt, wodurch die Produkteigenschaften erheblich beeinflusst werden kƶnnen.The granules obtained according to the invention are suitable directly for use in detergents and cleaners. In a particularly preferred However, they can be provided with a coating shell according to methods known per se. For this purpose, the granules are coated in an additional step with a film-forming substance, whereby the product properties can be significantly influenced.
Als Coatingmittel geeignet sind alle filmbildenden Substanzen, wie Wachse, Silikone, FettsƤuren, Fettalkohole, Seifen, anionische Tenside, nichtionische Tenside, kationische Tenside, anionische und kationische Polymere, sowie Polyalkylenglykole. Bevorzugt werden Coatingsubstanzen mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 30 - 100Ā°C verwendet. Beispiele hierfĆ¼r sind: C8-C31-FettsƤuren, beispielsweise Laurin-, Myristin-, StearinsƤure); C8-C31-Fettalkohole; Polyethylenglykole mit einer Molmasse von 1000 bis 50000 g/mol; Fettalkoholpolyalkoxylate mit 1 bis 100 Molen EO; Alkansulfonate, Alkylbenzolsulfonate, Ī±-Olefinsulfonate, Alkylsulfate, Alkylethersulfate mit C8-C31-Kohlenwasserstoffresten, Polymere, beispielsweise Polyvinylalkohole, Wachse, beispielsweise Montanwachse, Paraffinwachse, Esterwachse, Polyolefinwachse, Silikone.Suitable coating agents are all film-forming substances, such as waxes, silicones, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, soaps, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic and cationic polymers, and polyalkylene glycols. Preference is given to using coating substances having a melting point of 30-100 Ā° C. Examples of these are: C 8 -C 31 -fatty acids, for example lauric, myristic, stearic acid); C 8 -C 31 fatty alcohols; Polyethylene glycols having a molecular weight of 1000 to 50,000 g / mol; Fatty alcohol polyalkoxylates with 1 to 100 moles EO; Alkanesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, Ī±-olefinsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates with C 8 -C 31 -hydrocarbon radicals, polymers, for example polyvinyl alcohols, waxes, for example montan waxes, paraffin waxes, ester waxes, polyolefin waxes, silicones.
In der im Bereich von 30 bis 100Ā°C erweichenden oder schmelzenden Coatingsubstanz kƶnnen darĆ¼ber hinaus weitere in diesem Bereich nicht erweichende oder schmelzende Substanzen in gelƶster oder suspendierter Form vorliegen, beispielsweise Homo-, Co-, oder Pfropfencopolymerisate ungesƤttigter CarbonsƤuren und/ oder SulfonsƤuren sowie deren Alkalisalze, Celluloseether, StƤrke, StƤrkeether, Polyvinylpyrrolidon; ein- und mehrwertige CarbonsƤuren, HydroxycarbonsƤuren oder EthercarbonsƤuren mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen sowie deren Salze; Silikate, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Sulfate, Phosphate, Phosphonate.In the coating substance which softens or melts in the range from 30 to 100 Ā° C., further substances which do not soften or melt in this area can be in dissolved or suspended form, for example homo-, cobalt- or graft copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids and / or sulfonic acids and their derivatives Alkali salts, cellulose ethers, starch, starch ethers, polyvinylpyrrolidone; mono- and polybasic carboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids or ether carboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and salts thereof; Silicates, carbonates, bicarbonates, sulfates, phosphates, phosphonates.
Je nach den gewĆ¼nschten Eigenschaften des gecoateten Granulates kann der Gehalt an HĆ¼llsubstanz 1 bis 30 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 5 bis 15 Gew.-% bezogen auf das gecoatete Granulat betragen.Depending on the desired properties of the coated granules, the content of coating substance can be from 1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 5 to 15% by weight, based on the coated granules.
Zum Aufbringen der HĆ¼llsubstanzen kƶnnen Mischer (mechanisch induzierte Wirbelschicht) und Wirbelschichtapparate (pneumatisch induzierte Wirbelschicht) benutzt werden. Als Mischer sind z.B. Pflugscharmischer (kontinuierlich und chargenweise), Ringschichtmischer oder auch Schugi-Mischer mƶglich. Die Temperung kann bei Verwendung eines Mischers in einem GranulatvorwƤrmer und/oder im Mischer direkt und/oder in einem dem Mischer nachgeschalteten FlieĆbett erfolgen. Zur KĆ¼hlung des gecoateten Granulates kƶnnen GranulatkĆ¼hler oder FlieĆbettkĆ¼hler eingesetzt werden. Im Falle von Wirbelschichtapparaturen erfolgt die Temperung Ć¼ber das zur Aufwirbelung verwendete HeiĆgas. Das nach dem Wirbelschichtverfahren gecoatete Granulat kann Ƥhnlich wie beim Mischverfahren Ć¼ber einen GranulatkĆ¼hler oder einen FlieĆbettkĆ¼hler abgekĆ¼hlt werden. Sowohl beim Mischverfahren als auch beim Wirbelschichtverfahren kann die Coatingsubstanz Ć¼ber eine Einstoff- oder eine ZweistoffdĆ¼svorrichtung aufgesprĆ¼ht werden. Die fakultative Temperung besteht in einer WƤrmebehandlung bei einer Temperatur von 30 bis 100Ā°C, jedoch gleich oder unterhalb der Schmelz- oder Erweichungstemperatur der jeweiligen HĆ¼llsubstanz. Bevorzugt arbeitet man bei einer Temperatur, die knapp unterhalb der Schmelz- oder Erweichungstemperatur liegt.For applying the coating substances, mixers (mechanically induced fluidized bed) and fluidized bed apparatus (pneumatically induced fluidized bed) can be used. to be used. As mixers, for example, plowshare mixers (continuous and batchwise), ring layer mixers or even Schugi mixers are possible. The tempering can be carried out using a mixer in a granule preheater and / or in the mixer directly and / or in a fluidized bed downstream of the mixer. Granulated coolers or fluid bed coolers can be used to cool the coated granules. In the case of fluidized bed apparatuses, the heat treatment takes place via the hot gas used for fluidization. The granules coated by the fluidized-bed method can be cooled by a granulate cooler or a fluidized-bed cooler, similar to the mixing method. Both in the mixing process and in the fluidized bed process, the coating substance can be sprayed on a single-component or a ZweistoffdĆ¼svorrichtung. The optional tempering consists in a heat treatment at a temperature of 30 to 100 Ā° C, but equal to or below the melting or softening temperature of the respective shell substance. Preference is given to working at a temperature which is just below the melting or softening temperature.
Die erfindungsgemƤĆen Bleichaktivator-Mischungen kƶnnen in Wasch-, Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsmitteln eingesetzt werden gemeinsam mit Wasserstoffperoxid oder anorganischen Peroxyverbindungen. Wesentliche Komponenten derartiger Wasch-, Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsmittel sollen im folgenden aufgefĆ¼hrt werden.The bleach activator mixtures according to the invention can be used in detergents, cleaners and disinfectants together with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxy compounds. Essential components of such detergents, cleaners and disinfectants will be listed below.
Die Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel kƶnnen ein oder mehrere Tenside enthalten, wobei insbesondere anionische Tenside, nichtionische Tenside und deren Gemische, aber auch kationische, zwitterionische und amphotere Tenside in Frage kommen. Derartige Tenside sind in erfindungsgemƤĆen Waschmitteln in Mengenanteilen von vorzugsweise 1 Gew.-% bis 50 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 3 bis 30 Gew.-%, enthalten, wohingegen in Reinigungsmitteln fĆ¼r harte OberflƤchen normalerweise geringere Anteile, das heiĆt Mengen bis zu 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere bis zu 10 Gew.-% und vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-% enthalten sind. In Reinigungsmitteln fĆ¼r den Einsatz in maschinellen GeschirrspĆ¼lverfahren werden normalerweise schaumarme Verbindungen eingesetzt.The detergents and cleaners may comprise one or more surfactants, in particular anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof, but also cationic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants. Such surfactants are present in inventive detergents in proportions of preferably 1 wt .-% to 50 wt .-%, in particular from 3 to 30 wt .-%, whereas in hard surface cleaners usually lower levels, that is amounts up to 20 wt .-%, in particular up to 10 wt .-% and preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 wt .-% are included. Dishwashing detergents typically use low-foam compounds.
Geeignete anionische Tenside sind insbesondere Seifen und solche, die Sulfat- oder Sulfonat-Gruppen enthalten. Als Tenside vom Sulfonat-Typ kommen vorzugsweise C9-C13-Alkylbenzolsulfonate, Olefinsulfonate, das heiĆt Gemische aus Alken- und Hydroxyalkansulfonaten sowie Disulfonaten, wie man sie beispielsweise aus Monoolefinen mit end- oder innenstƤndiger Doppelbindung durch Sulfonieren mit gasfƶrmigem Schwefeltrioxid und anschlieĆende alkalische oder saure Hydrolyse der Sulfonierungsprodukte erhƤlt, in Betracht. Geeignet sind auch Alkansulfonate, die aus C12-C18-Alkanen beispielsweise durch Sulfochlorierung oder Sulfoxidation mit anschlieĆender Hydrolyse beziehungsweise Neutralisation gewonnen werden. Geeignet sind auch die Ester von alpha-SulfofettsƤuren (Estersulfonate), zum Beispiel die alpha-sulfonierten Methylester der hydrierten Kokos-, Palmkern- oder TalgfettsƤuren, die durch Sulfonierung der Methylester von FettsƤuren pflanzlichen und/oder tierischen Ursprungs mit 8 bis 20 C-Atomen im FettsƤuremolekĆ¼l und nachfolgende Neutralisation zu wasserlƶslichen Mono-Salzen hergestellt werden.Suitable anionic surfactants are in particular soaps and those which contain sulfate or sulfonate groups. As surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C 9 -C 13 alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, that is mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as those of monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the sulfonation obtained. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C 12 -C 18 -alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Also suitable are the esters of alpha-sulfo fatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the alpha-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids obtained by sulfonating the methyl esters of fatty acids of vegetable and / or animal origin having 8 to 20 carbon atoms be prepared in the fatty acid molecule and subsequent neutralization to water-soluble mono-salts.
Weitere geeignete Aniontenside sind sulfierte FettsƤureglycerinester, welche Mono-, Di- und Triester sowie deren Gemische darstellen. Als Alk(en)ylsulfate werden die Alkali- und insbesondere die Natriumsalze der SchwefelsƤurehalbester der C12-C18-Fettalkohole beispielsweise aus Kokosfettalkohol, Talgfettalkohol, Lauryl-, Myristyl-, Cetyl- oder Stearylalkohol oder der C8-C20-Oxoalkohole und diejenigen Halbester sekundƤrer Alkohole dieser KettenlƤnge bevorzugt. Weiterhin bevorzugt sind Alk(en)ylsulfate der genannten KettenlƤnge, welche einen synthetischen, auf petrochemischer Basis hergestellten geradkettigen Alkylrest enthalten. Auch 2,3-Alkylsulfate, welche beispielsweise gemĆ¤Ć den US-amerikanischen Patentschriften
Zu den bevorzugten Aniontensiden gehƶren auch die Salze der AlkylsulfobernsteinsƤure, die auch als Sulfoccinate oder als SulfobernsteinsƤureester bezeichnet werden, und die Monoester und/oder Diester der SulfobernsteinsƤure mit Alkoholen, vorzugsweise Fettalkoholen und insbesondere ethoxylierten Fettalkoholen darstellen. Bevorzugte Sulfosuccinate enthalten C8- bis C18-Fettalkoholreste oder Mischungen aus diesen. Als weitere anionische Tenside kommen FettsƤurederivate von AminosƤuren, beispielsweise von N-Methyltaurin (Tauride) und/oder von N-Methylglycin (Sarkosinate) in Betracht. Als weitere anionische Tenside kommen insbesondere Seifen, beispielsweise in Mengen von 0,2 bis 5 Gew.-%, in Betracht. Geeignet sind insbesondere gesƤttigte FettsƤureseifen, wie die Salze der LaurinsƤure, MyristinsƤure, PalmitinsƤure, StearinsƤure, hydrierten ErucasƤure und BehensƤure sowie insbesondere aus natĆ¼rlichen FettsƤuren, zum Beispiel Kokos-, Palmkern- oder TalgfettsƤuren, abgeleitete Seifengemische.The preferred anionic surfactants also include the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfoccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters, and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8 to C 18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these. Suitable further anionic surfactants are fatty acid derivatives of amino acids, for example N-methyltaurine (Tauride) and / or N-methylglycine (sarcosinate). As further anionic surfactants are in particular soaps, for example in amounts of 0.2 to 5 wt .-%, into consideration. Particularly suitable are saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and, in particular, soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
Die anionischen Tenside, einschlieĆlich der Seifen, kƶnnen in Form ihrer Natrium-, Kalium- oder Ammoniumsalze sowie als lƶsliche Salze organischer Basen, wie Mono-, Di- oder Triethanolamin, vorliegen. Vorzugsweise liegen die anionischen Tenside in Form ihrer Natrium- oder Kaliumsalze, insbesondere in Form der Natriumsalze vor. Anionische Tenside sind in erfindungsgemƤĆen Waschmitteln vorzugsweise in Mengen von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-% und insbesondere in Mengen von 5 bis 25 Gew.-% enthalten.The anionic surfactants, including soaps, may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably present in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts. Anionic surfactants are preferably present in detergents according to the invention in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight and in particular in amounts of from 5 to 25% by weight.
Als nichtionische Tenside werden vorzugsweise alkoxylierte, vorteilhafterweise ethoxylierte, insbesondere primƤre Alkohole mit vorzugsweise 8 bis 18 C-Atomen und durchschnittlich 1 bis 12 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) pro Mol Alkohol eingesetzt, in denen der Alkoholrest linear oder bevorzugt in 2-Stellung methylverzweigt sein kann, beziehungsweise lineare und methylverzweigte Reste im Gemisch enthalten kann, so wie sie Ć¼blicherweise in Oxoalkoholresten vorliegen. Insbesondere sind jedoch Alkoholethoxylate mit linearen Resten aus Alkoholen nativen Ursprungs mit 12 bis 18 C-Atomen, z. B. aus Kokos-, Palm, Talgfett- oder Oleylalkohol, und durchschnittlich 2 bis 8 EO pro Mol Alkohol bevorzugt. Zu den bevorzugten ethoxylierten Alkoholen gehƶren beispielsweise C12-C14-Alkohole mit 3 EO oder 4 EO, C9-C11-Alkohole mit 7 EO, C13-C15-Alkohole mit 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO oder 8 EO, C12-C18-Alkohole mit 3 EO, 5 EO oder 7'EO und Mischungen aus diesen, wie Mischungen aus C12-C14-Alkohol mit 3 EO und C12-C18-Alkohol mit 7 EO. Die angegebenen Ethoxylierungsgrade stellen statistische Mittelwerte dar, die fĆ¼r ein spezielles Produkt eine ganze oder eine gebrochene Zahl sein kƶnnen. Bevorzugte Alkoholethoxylate weisen eine eingeengte Homologenverteilung auf (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). ZusƤtzlich zu diesen nichtionischen Tensiden kƶnnen auch Fettalkohole mit mehr als 12 EO eingesetzt werden. Beispiele hierfĆ¼r sind (Talg-) Fettalkohole mit 14 EO, 16 EO, 20 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO oder 40 EO.The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical is linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position can, or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. From coconut, palm, tallow fat or oleyl alcohol, and on average from 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 -C 14 -alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 -C 11 -alcohols with 7 EO, C 13 -C 15 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12 -C 18 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7'EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12 -C 14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 -C 18 -alcohol with 7 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include (tallow) fatty alcohols with 14 EO, 16 EO, 20 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
Zu den nichtionischen Tensiden zƤhlen auch Alkylglykoside der allgemeinen Formel RO(G)x eingesetzt werden, in der R einen primƤren geradkettigen oder methylverzweigten, insbesondere in 2-Stellung methylverzweigten aliphatischen Rest mit 8 bis 22, vorzugsweise 12 bis 18 C-Atomen bedeutet und 6 fĆ¼r eine Glykoseeinheit mit 5 oder 6 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise fĆ¼r Glucose, steht. Der Oligomerisierungsgrad x, der die Verteilung von Monoglykosiden und Oligoglykosiden angibt, ist eine beliebige Zahl - die als analytisch zu bestimmende GrƶĆe auch gebrochene Werte annehmen kann - zwischen 1 und 10; vorzugsweise liegt x bei 1,2 bis 1,4. Ebenfalls geeignet sind PolyhydroxyfettsƤureamide der Formel (I), in der Rest R1 CO fĆ¼r einen aliphatischen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R2 fĆ¼r Wasserstoff; einen Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest. mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen und [Z] fĆ¼r einen linearen oder verzweigten Polyhydroxyalkylrest mit 3 bis 1 0 Kohlenstoffatomen und 3 bis 10 Hydroxylgruppen steht.
Vorzugsweise leiten sich die PolyhydroxyfettsƤureamide von reduzierenden Zuckern mit 5 oder 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, insbesondere von der Glucose ab. Zur Gruppe der PolyhydroxyfettsƤureamide gehƶren auch Verbindungen der Formel in der (II) fĆ¼r einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkyl- oder Alkenylrest mit 7 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, R4 fĆ¼r einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylenrest oder einen Arylenrest mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen und R5 fĆ¼r einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest oder einen Oxy-Alkylrest mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, wobei C1-C4-Alkyl- oder Phenylreste bevorzugt sind, und [Z] fĆ¼r einen linearen Polyhydroxyalkylrest, dessen Alkylkette mit mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen substituiert ist, oder alkoxylierte, vorzugsweise ethoxylierte oder propoxylierte Derivate dieses Restes steht. [Z] wird auch hier vorzugsweise durch reduktive Aminierung eines Zuckers wie Glucose, Fructose, Maltose, Lactose, Galactose, Mannose oder Xylose erhalten. Die N-Alkoxy- oder N-Alyloxy-substituierten Verbindungen kƶnnen dann durch Umsetzung mit FettsƤuremethylestern in Gegenwart eines Alkoxids als Katalysator in die gewĆ¼nschten PolyhydroxyfettsƤureamide Ć¼berfĆ¼hrt werden.The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are preferably derived from reducing sugars having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, in particular from glucose. The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula in which (II) is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R 4 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene radical or an arylene radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R 5 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein C 1 -C 4 alkyl or phenyl radicals are preferred, and [Z] is a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is at least is substituted two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this group. [Z] is also obtained here preferably by reductive amination of a sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-allyloxy-substituted compounds can then be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
Eine weitere Klasse bevorzugt eingesetzter nichtionischer Tenside, die entweder als alleiniges nichtionisches Tensid oder in Kombination mit anderen nichtionischen Tensiden, insbesondere zusammen mit alkoxylierten Fettalkoholen und/oder Alkylglykosiden, eingesetzt werden, sind alkoxylierte, vorzugsweise ethoxylierte oder ethoxylierte und propoxylierte FettsƤurealkylester, vorzugsweise mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen in der Alkylkette, insbesondere FettsƤuremethylester.Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, in particular together with alkoxylated fatty alcohols and / or alkyl glycosides, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, especially fatty acid methyl ester.
Auch nichtionische Tenside vom Typ der Aminoxide, beispielsweise N-Kokosalkyl-N,N-dimethylaminoxid und N-Talgalkyl-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminoxid. und der FettsƤurealkanolamide kƶnnen geeignet sein.Also, nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylaminoxid. and the fatty acid alkanolamide may be suitable.
Als weitere Tenside kommen sogenannte Gemini-Tenside in Betracht. Hierunter werden im Allgemeinen solche Verbindungen verstanden, die zwei hydrophile Gruppen pro MolekĆ¼l besitzen. Diese Gruppen sind in der Regel durch einen sogenannten "Spacer" voneinander getrennt. Dieser Spacer ist in der Regel eine Kohlenstoffkette, die lang genug sein sollte, dass die hydrophilen Gruppen einen ausreichenden Abstand haben, damit sie unabhƤngig voneinander agieren kƶnnen. Derartige Tenside zeichnen sich allgemeinen durch eine ungewƶhnlich geringe kritische Micellkonzentration und die FƤhigkeit, die OberflƤchenspannung des Wassers stark zu reduzieren, aus. Eingesetzt werden kƶnnen aber auch Gemini-PolyhydroxyfettsƤureamide oder Poly-PolyhydroxyfettsƤureamide, wie sie in den internationalen Patentanmeldungen
Ein erfindungsgemƤĆes Waschmittel enthƤlt vorzugsweise mindestens einen wasserlƶslichen und/oder wasserunlƶslichen, organischen und/oder anorganischen Builder.A detergent according to the invention preferably contains at least one water-soluble and / or water-insoluble, organic and / or inorganic builder.
Als wasserlƶsliche anorganische Buildermaterialien kommen insbesondere Alkalisilikate und polymere Alkaliphosphate, die in Form ihrer alkalischen, neutralen oder sauren Natrium- oder Kaliumsalze vorliegen kƶnnen, in Betracht. Beispiele hierfĆ¼r sind Trinatriumphosphat, Tetranatriumdiphosphat, Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphat, Pentanatriumtriphosphat, sogenanntes Natriumhexametaphosphat sowie die entsprechenden Kaliumsalze beziehungsweise Gemische aus Natrium- und Kaliumsalzen. Als wasserunlƶsliche, wasserdispergierbare anorganische Buildermaterialien werden insbesondere kristalline oder amorphe Alkalialumosilikate, in Mengen von bis zu 50 Gew.-%. Unter diesen sind die kristallinen Natriumalumosilikate in WaschmittelqualitƤt, insbesondere Zeolith A, P und gegebenenfalls X, allein oder in Mischungen, beispielsweise in Form eines Co-Kristallisats aus den Zeolithen A und X bevorzugt. Ihr Calciumbindevermƶgen liegt in der Regel im Bereich von 100 bis 200 mg CaO pro Gramm. Geeignete Buildersubstanzen sind weiterhin kristalline Alkalisilikate, die allein oder im Gemisch mit amorphen Silikaten vorliegen kƶnnen. Die als GerĆ¼ststoffe brauchbaren Alkalisilikate weisen vorzugsweise ein molares VerhƤltnis von Alkalioxid zu SiO2 unter 0,95, insbesondere von 1 : 1,1 bis 1 : 12 auf und kƶnnen amorph oder kristallin vorliegen. Bevorzugte Alkalisilikate sind die Natriumsilikate, insbesondere die amorphen Natriumsilikate mit einem molaren VerhƤltnis Na2O: SiO, von 1 : 2 bis 1 : 2.8. Als kristalline Silikate, die allein oder im Gemisch mit amorphen Silikaten vorliegen kƶnnen, werden vorzugsweise kristalline Schichtsilikate der allgemeinen Formel NA2SixO2x+1: Y H2O eingesetzt, in der x, das so genannten Modul, eine Zahl von 1,9 bis 4 und y eine Zahl von 0 bis 20 ist und bevorzugte Werte fĆ¼r x 2, 3 oder 4 sind. Bevorzugte kristalline Schichtsilikate sind solche, bei denen x in der genannten allgemeinen Formel die Werte 2 oder 3 annimmt. Insbesondere sind sowohl Ć- als auch Ć-Natriumdisilikat (Na2Si2O5 Ā· y H2O) bevorzugt. Auch aus amorphen Silikaten hergestellte, praktisch wasserfreie kristalline Alkalisilikate der obengenannten allgemeinen Formel, in der x eine Zahl von 1,9 bis 2,1 bedeutet, kƶnnen eingesetzt werden. In einer weiteren bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform derartiger Mittel wird ein kristallines Natriumschichtsilikat mit einem Modul von 2 bis 3 eingesetzt, wie es aus Sand und Soda hergestellt werden kann. Kristalline Natriumsilikate mit einem Modul im Bereich von 1,9 bis 3,5, werden in einer weiteren bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform erfindungsgemƤĆer Mittel eingesetzt. In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung erfindungsgemƤĆer Mittel setzt man ein granulares Compound aus Alkalisilikat und Alkalicarbonat ein, wie es beispielsweise unter dein Namen NabionĀ® im Handel erhƤltlich ist. Falls als zusƤtzliche Buildersubstanz auch Alkalialumosilikat, insbesondere Zeolith, vorhanden ist, betrƤgt das GewichtsverhƤltnis Alumosilikat zu Silikat, jeweils bezogen auf wasserfreie Aktivsubstanzen, vorzugsweise 1 : 10 bis 10 : 1. In Mitteln, die sowohl amorphe als auch kristalline Alkalisilikate enthalten, betrƤgt das GewichtsverhƤltnis von amorphem Alkalisilikat zu kristallinem Alkalisilikat vorzugsweise 1 : 2 bis 2 : 1 und insbesondere 1 : 1 bis 2 : 1. Derartige Buildersubstanzen sind in erfindungsgemƤĆen Mitteln vorzugsweise in Mengen bis zu 60 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 5 Gew.-% bis 40 Gew.-%, enthalten.Suitable water-soluble inorganic builder materials are, in particular, alkali metal silicates and polymeric alkali metal phosphates which may be present in the form of their alkaline, neutral or acidic sodium or potassium salts. Examples of these are trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, so-called sodium hexametaphosphate and the corresponding potassium salts or mixtures of sodium and potassium salts. As water-insoluble, water-dispersible inorganic builder materials are in particular crystalline or amorphous alkali metal aluminosilicates, in amounts of up to 50 wt .-%. Among these, preferred are the detergent grade crystalline sodium aluminosilicates, particularly zeolite A, P and optionally X, alone or in mixtures, for example in the form of a cocrystal of zeolites A and X. Their calcium binding capacity is generally in the range of 100 to 200 mg CaO per gram. Suitable builder substances are also crystalline alkali metal silicates, which may be present alone or in a mixture with amorphous silicates. The alkali silicates useful as builders have Preferably, a molar ratio of alkali metal oxide to SiO 2 below 0.95, in particular from 1: 1.1 to 1: 12 and may be present amorphous or crystalline. Preferred alkali silicates are the sodium silicates, in particular the amorphous sodium silicates with a molar ratio of Na 2 O: SiO, of 1: 2 to 1: 2.8. As crystalline silicates which may be present alone or in a mixture with amorphous silicates, preference is given to using crystalline sheet silicates of the general formula NA 2 Si x O 2 Ć + 1 : YH 2 O, in which x, the so-called module, has a number of 1, 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4. Preferred crystalline phyllosilicates are those in which x in the abovementioned general formula assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both Ī²- and Ī²-sodium disilicate (Na 2 Si 2 O 5 .yH 2 O) are preferred. Also prepared from amorphous silicates, practically anhydrous crystalline alkali metal silicates of the abovementioned general formula in which x is a number from 1.9 to 2.1, can be used. In a further preferred embodiment of such agents, a crystalline layered sodium silicate with a modulus of 2 to 3 is used, as can be prepared from sand and soda. Crystalline sodium silicates with a modulus in the range from 1.9 to 3.5 are used in a further preferred embodiment of compositions according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment of compositions according to the invention, a granular compound of alkali silicate and alkali carbonate is used, as is commercially available, for example, under the name NabionĀ®. If alkali metal aluminosilicate, in particular zeolite, is also present as an additional builder substance, the weight ratio of aluminosilicate to silicate, based in each case on anhydrous active substances, is preferably 1:10 to 10: 1. In compositions containing both amorphous and crystalline alkali silicates, the weight ratio is from amorphous alkali metal silicate to crystalline alkali silicate, preferably 1: 2 to 2: 1 and in particular 1: 1 to 2: 1. Such builder substances are preferably present in compositions according to the invention in amounts of up to 60% by weight, in particular from 5% by weight to 40% Wt .-%, contained.
Zu den wasserlƶslichen organischen Buildersubstanzen gehƶren PolycarbonsƤuren, insbesondere CitronensƤure und ZuckersƤuren, AminopolycarbonsƤuren, insbesondere MethylglycindiessigsƤure, NitrilotriessigsƤure und EthylendiamintetraessigsƤure sowie PolyasparaginsƤure.The water-soluble organic builder substances include polycarboxylic acids, in particular citric acid and sugar acids, aminopolycarboxylic acids, in particular methylglycinediacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and polyaspartic acid.
PolyphosphonsƤuren, insbesondere Aminotris(methylenphosphonsƤure), Ethylendiamintetrakis(methylenphosphonsƤure) und 1-Hydroxyethan-1,1-diphosphonsƤure kƶnnen ebenfalls eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt sind auch polymere (Poly-)carbonsƤuren, insbesondere die durch Oxidation von Polysacchariden beziehungsweise Dextrinen zugƤnglichen Polycarboxylate, polymere AcrylsƤuren, MethacrylsƤuren, MaleinsƤuren und Mischpolymere aus diesen, die auch geringe Anteile polymerisierbarer Substanzen ohne CarbonsƤurefunktionalitƤt einpolymerisiert enthalten kƶnnen. Die relative MolekĆ¼lmasse der Homopolymeren ungesƤttigter CarbonsƤuren liegt im allgemeinen zwischen 5000 und 200 000, die der Copolymeren zwischen 2000 und 200 000, vorzugsweise 50 000 bis 120 000, jeweils bezogen auf freie SƤure. Ein besonders bevorzugtes AcrylsƤure-MaleinsƤure-Copolymer weist eine relative MolekĆ¼lmasse von 50 000 bis 100 000 auf. HandelsĆ¼bliche Produkte sind zum Beispiel SokalanĀ® CP 5, CP 10 und PA 30 der Firma BASF. Geeignet sind weiterhin Copolymere der AcrylsƤure oder MethacrylsƤure mit Vinylethern, wie Vinylmethylethern, Vinylester, Ethylen, Propylen und Styrol, in denen der Anteil der SƤure mindestens 50 Gew.-% betrƤgt. Als wasserlƶsliche organische Buildersubstanzen kƶnnen auch Terpolymere eingesetzt werden, die als Monomere zwei ungesƤttigte SƤuren und/oder deren Salze sowie als drittes Monomer Vinylalkohol und/oder einem veresterten Vinylalkohol oder ein Kohlenhydrat enthalten. Das erste saure Monomer beziehungsweise dessen Salz leitet sich von einer monoethylenisch ungesƤttigten C3-C8-CarbonsƤure und vorzugsweise von einer C3-C4-MonocarbonsƤure, insbesondere von (Meth)-acrylsƤure ab.
Das zweite saure Monomer beziehungsweise dessen Salz kann ein Derivat einer C4-C8-DicarbonsƤure, wobei MaleinsƤure besonders bevorzugt ist, und/oder ein Derivat einer AllylsulfonsƤure, die in 2-Stellung mit einem Alkyl- oder Arylrest substituiert ist, sein. Derartige Polymere weisen im Allgemeinen eine relative MolekĆ¼lmasse zwischen 1000 und 200 000 auf. Weitere bevorzugte Copolymere sind solche, die als Monomere vorzugsweise Acrolein und AcrylsƤure/AcrylsƤuresalze beziehungsweise Vinylacetat aufweisen.Polyphosphonic acids, especially aminotris (methylenephosphonic acid), ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylenephosphonic acid) and 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid can also be used. Also preferred are polymeric (poly) carboxylic acids, in particular the polycarboxylates obtainable by oxidation of polysaccharides or dextrins, polymeric acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, maleic acids and copolymers thereof, which may also contain polymerized small amounts of polymerizable substances without carboxylic acid functionality. The molecular weight of the homopolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids is generally between 5000 and 200,000, that of the copolymers between 2000 and 200,000, preferably 50,000 to 120,000, in each case based on the free acid. A particularly preferred acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer has a molecular weight of 50,000 to 100,000. Commercially available products are, for example, SokalanĀ® CP 5, CP 10 and PA 30 from BASF. Also suitable are copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with vinyl ethers, such as vinylmethyl ethers, vinyl esters, ethylene, propylene and styrene, in which the proportion of acid is at least 50% by weight. It is also possible to use terpolymers which contain two unsaturated acids and / or salts thereof as monomers and also vinyl alcohol and / or an esterified vinyl alcohol or a carbohydrate as the third monomer as water-soluble organic builder substances. The first acidic monomer or its salt is derived from a monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 -carboxylic acid and preferably from a C 3 -C 4 -monocarboxylic acid, in particular from (meth) -acrylic acid.
The second acidic monomer or its salt may be a derivative of a C 4 -C 8 -dicarboxylic acid, with maleic acid being particularly preferred, and / or a derivative of an allylsulfonic acid which is substituted in the 2-position by an alkyl or aryl radical. Such polymers generally have a relative Molecular weight between 1000 and 200 000 on. Further preferred copolymers are those which preferably have as monomers acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or vinyl acetate.
Die organischen Buildersubstanzen kƶnnen, insbesondere zur Herstellung flĆ¼ssiger Mittel, in Form wƤssriger Lƶsungen, vorzugsweise in Form 30- bis 50-gew.-%iger wƤssriger Lƶsungen eingesetzt werden. Alle genannten SƤuren werden in der Regel in Form ihrer wasserlƶslichen Salze, insbesondere ihre Alkalisalze, eingesetzt.The organic builder substances can be used, in particular for the preparation of liquid agents, in the form of aqueous solutions, preferably in the form of 30 to 50% strength by weight aqueous solutions. All of the acids mentioned are generally used in the form of their water-soluble salts, in particular their alkali metal salts.
Derartige organische Buildersubstanzen kƶnnen gewĆ¼nschtenfalls in Mengen bis zu 40 Gew.-%, insbesondere bis zu 25 Gew.-% und vorzugsweise von 1 bis 8 Gew.-% enthalten sein. Mengen nahe der genannten Obergrenze werden vorzugsweise in pastenfƶrmigen oder flĆ¼ssigen, insbesondere wasserhaltigen Mitteln eingesetzt.If desired, such organic builder substances may be present in amounts of up to 40% by weight, in particular up to 25% by weight and preferably from 1 to 8% by weight. Quantities close to the stated upper limit are preferably used in pasty or liquid, in particular water-containing agents.
Als wasserlƶsliche Builderkomponenten in erfindungsgemƤĆen Reinigungsmitteln fĆ¼r harte OberflƤchen kommen prinzipiell alle in Mitteln fĆ¼r die maschinelle Reinigung von Geschirr Ć¼blicherweise eingesetzten Builder in Frage, zum Beispiel die obengenannten Alkaliphosphate. Ihre Mengen kƶnnen im Bereich von bis zu etwa 60 Gew.-%, insbesondere 5 bis 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das gesamte Mittel liegen. Weitere mƶgliche wasserlƶsliche Builderkomponenten sind neben Polyphosphonaten und Phosphonatalkylcarboxylaten zum Beispiel organische Polymere nativen oder synthetischen Ursprungs vom oben aufgefĆ¼hrten Typ der Polycarboxylate, die insbesondere in Hartwasserregionen als Co-Builder wirken, und natĆ¼rlich vorkommende HydroxycarbonsƤuren wie zum Beispiel Mono-, DihydroxybernsteinsƤure, alpha-HydroxypropionsƤure und GluconsƤure. Zu den bevorzugten organischen Builderkomponenten gehƶren die Salze der CitronensƤure, insbesondere Natriumcitrat. Als Natriumcitrat kommen wasserfreies Triatriumcitrat und vorzugsweise Trinatriumcitratdihydrat in Betracht. Trinatriumcitratdihydrat kann als fein- oder grobkristallines Pulver eingesetzt werden. In AbhƤngigkeit vom letztlich in den erfindungsgemƤĆen Reinigungsmitteln eingestellten pH-Wert kƶnnen auch die zu den genannten Co-Builder-Salzen korrespondierenden SƤuren vorliegen.Suitable water-soluble builder components in hard surface cleaners according to the invention are in principle all builders customarily used in detergents for dishwashing, for example the abovementioned alkali metal phosphates. Their amounts may be in the range of up to about 60 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 20 wt .-%, based on the total mean. Other possible water-soluble builder components are, in addition to polyphosphonates and Phosphonatalkylcarboxylaten for example, organic polymers of native or synthetic origin of the above-mentioned type of polycarboxylates, which act especially in hard water regions as a co-builder, and naturally occurring hydroxycarboxylic acids such as mono-, dihydroxysuccinic, alpha-hydroxypropionic and gluconic. Preferred organic builder components include the salts of citric acid, especially sodium citrate. As sodium citrate, anhydrous tri-sodium citrate and preferably trisodium citrate dihydrate are suitable. Trisodium citrate dihydrate can be used as a fine or coarse crystalline powder. Depending on the ultimate in the invention Detergents adjusted pH value can also be present corresponding to the said co-builder salts acids.
Zu den in erfindungsgemƤĆen Mitteln gegebenenfalls enthaltenen Enzymen gehƶren Proteasen, Amylasen, Pullulanasen, Cellulasen, Cutinasen und/oder Lipasen, beispielsweise Proteasen wie BLAPĀ®, OptimaseĀ®, OpticleanĀ®, MaxacalĀ®, MaxapemĀ®, DurazymĀ®, PurafectĀ® OxP, EsperaseĀ® und/oder SavinaseĀ®, Amylasen wie TermamyĀ®, Amylase-LT, MaxamylĀ®, DuramylĀ®, Purafectel OxAm, Cellulasen wie CelluzymeĀ®, CarezymeĀ®, K-ACĀ® und/oder Lipasen wie LipolaseĀ®, LipomaxĀ®, LumafastĀ® und/oder LipozymĀ®. Die verwendeten Enzyme kƶnnen an TrƤgerstoffen adsorbiert und/oder in HĆ¼llsubstanzen eingebettet sein, um sie gegen vorzeitige Inaktivierung zu schĆ¼tzen. Sie sind in erfindungsgemƤĆen Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln vorzugsweise in Mengen bis zu 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,05 bis 5 Gew.-%, enthalten, wobei besonders bevorzugt gegen oxidativen Abbau stabilisierte Enzyme, eingesetzt werden.The enzymes optionally contained in the agents according to the invention include proteases, amylases, pullulanases, cellulases, cutinases and / or lipases, for example proteases such as BLAPĀ®, OptimaseĀ®, OpticleanĀ®, MaxacalĀ®, MaxapemĀ®, DurazymĀ®, PurafectĀ® OxP, EsperaseĀ® and / or SavinaseĀ®, amylases such as TermamyĀ®, amylase-LT, MaxamylĀ®, DuramylĀ®, Purafectel OxAm, cellulases such as CelluzymeĀ®, CarezymeĀ®, K-ACĀ® and / or lipases such as LipolaseĀ®, LipomaxĀ®, LumafastĀ® and / or LipozymĀ®. The enzymes used may be adsorbed to carriers and / or embedded in encapsulants to protect against premature inactivation. They are preferably present in detergents and cleaners according to the invention in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.05 to 5% by weight, enzymes which are particularly preferably stabilized against oxidative degradation being used.
Vorzugsweise enthalten erfindungsgemƤĆe maschinelle Geschirrreinigungsmittel die Ć¼blichen AlkalitrƤger wie zum Beispiel Alkalisilikate, Alkalicarbonate und/oder Alkalihydrogencarbonate. Zu den Ć¼blicherweise eingesetzten AlkalitrƤgern zƤhlen Carbonate, Hydrogencarbonate und Alkalisilikate mit einem MolverhƤltnis SiO2/M2O (M = Alkaliatom) von 1 : 1 bis 2,5 : 1. Alkalisilikate kƶnnen dabei in Mengen von bis zu 40 Gew.-%, insbesondere 3 bis 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das gesamte Mittel, enthalten sein. Das in erfindungsgemƤĆen Reinigungsmitteln bevorzugt eingesetzte AlkalitrƤgersystem ist ein Gemisch aus Carbonat und Hydrogencarbonat, vorzugsweise Natriumcarbonat und -hydrogencarbonat, das in einer Menge von bis zu 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 5 bis 40 Gew.-%, enthalten sein kann.Machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention preferably comprise the customary alkali carriers, for example alkali metal silicates, alkali metal carbonates and / or alkali hydrogen carbonates. The alkali carriers used conventionally include carbonates, bicarbonates and alkali silicates having a molar ratio of SiO 2 / M 2 O (M = alkali metal) of from 1: 1 to 2.5: 1. Alkali silicates may be present in amounts of up to 40% by weight. in particular from 3 to 30% by weight, based on the total agent. The alkali carrier system preferably used in cleaning agents according to the invention is a mixture of carbonate and bicarbonate, preferably sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, which may be present in an amount of up to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 40% by weight.
In einer weiteren AusfĆ¼hrungsform erfindungsgemƤĆer Mittel zur automatischen Reinigung von Geschirr sind 20 bis 60 Gew.-% wasserlƶslicher organischer Builder, insbesondere Alkalicitrat, 3 bis 20 Gew.-% Alkalicarbonat und 3 bis 40 Gew.-% Alkalidisilikat enthalten.In a further embodiment of inventive means for the automatic cleaning of dishes are 20 to 60 wt .-% of water-soluble organic builder, in particular alkali citrate, 3 to 20 wt .-% alkali carbonate and 3 to 40 wt .-% Alkalidisilikat included.
Um einen Silberkorrosionsschutz zu bewirken, kƶnnen in erfindungsgemƤĆen Reinigungsmitteln fĆ¼r Geschirr Silberkorrosionsinhibitoren eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugte Silberkorrosionsschutzmittel sind organische Sulfide wie Cystin und Cystein, zwei- oder dreiwertige Phenole, gegebenenfalls alkyl- oder arylsubstituierte Triazole wie Benzotriazol, IsocyanursƤure, Titan-, Zirkonium-, Hafnium-, MolybdƤn-, Vanadium- oder Cersalze_und/oder -komplexe, sowie Salze und/oder Komplexe der in den erfindungsgemĆ¤Ć geeigneten Komplexen enthaltenen Metalle mit anderen als in Formel (I) vorgegebenen Liganden.To effect silver corrosion protection, silver corrosion inhibitors can be used in dishwashing detergents according to the invention. Preferred silver corrosion inhibitors are organic sulfides such as cystine and cysteine, di- or trihydric phenols, optionally alkyl or aryl-substituted triazoles such as benzotriazole, isocyanuric acid, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, molybdenum, vanadium or Cersalze_und / or complexes, and salts and / or complexes of the metals present in the complexes suitable according to the invention with other than in formula (I) predetermined ligands.
Sofern die Mittel bei der Anwendung zu stark schƤumen, kƶnnen ihnen noch bis zu 6 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise etwa 0,5 bis 4 Gew.-% einer schaumregulierenden Verbindung, vorzugsweise aus der Gruppe umfassend Silikone, Paraffine, Paraffin-Alkohol-Kombinationen, hydrophobierte KieselsƤuren, BisfettsƤureamide sowie deren Gemische und sonstige weitere bekannte im Handel erhƤltliche Schauminhibitoren zugesetzt werden. Vorzugsweise sind die Schauminhibitoren, insbesondere Silikon- und/oder paraffinhaltige Schauminhibitoren, an eine granulare, in Wasser lƶsliche beziehungsweise dispergierbare TrƤgersubstanz gebunden. Insbesondere sind dabei Mischungen aus Paraffinen und Bistearylethylendiamid bevorzugt. Weitere fakultative Inhaltsstoffe in den erfindungsgemƤĆen Mitteln sind zum Beispiel ParfĆ¼mƶle.If the agents foam too much during use, they may still contain up to 6% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to 4% by weight, of a foam-regulating compound, preferably from the group consisting of silicones, paraffins, paraffin-alcohol combinations , Hydrophobicized silicic acids, BisfettsƤureamide and mixtures thereof and other other known commercially available foam inhibitors are added. The foam inhibitors, in particular silicone and / or paraffin-containing foam inhibitors, are preferably bound to a granular, water-soluble or dispersible carrier substance. In particular, mixtures of paraffins and bistearylethylenediamide are preferred. Further optional ingredients in the compositions according to the invention are, for example, perfume oils.
Zu den in den erfindungsgemƤĆen Mitteln, insbesondere wenn sie in flĆ¼ssiger oder pastƶser Form vorliegen, verwendbaren organischen Lƶsungsmitteln gehƶren Alkohole mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen, insbesondere Methanol, Ethanol, Isopropanol und tert-Butanol, Diole mit 2 bis 4 C-Atomen, insbesondere Ethylenglykol und Propylenglykol, sowie deren Gemische und die aus den genannten Verbindungsklassen ableitbaren Ether. Derartige wassermischbare Lƶsungsmittel sind in den erfindungsgemƤĆen Reinigungsmitteln vorzugsweise nicht Ć¼ber
20 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 1 bis 15 Gew.-%, vorhanden.Among the organic solvents which can be used in the compositions according to the invention, especially if they are in liquid or pasty form, are alcohols having 1 to 4 C atoms, in particular methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol, diols having 2 to 4 C atoms, in particular ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and mixtures thereof and the derivable from said classes of compounds ethers. Such water-miscible solvents are preferably not present in the cleaning agents according to the invention
20 wt .-%, in particular from 1 to 15 wt .-%, present.
Zur Einstellung eines gewĆ¼nschten, sich durch die Mischung der Ć¼brigen Komponenten nicht von selbst ergebenden pH-Werts kƶnnen die erfindungsgemƤĆen Mittel System- und umweltvertrƤgliche SƤuren, insbesondere CitronensƤure, EssigsƤure, WeinsƤure, ĆpfelsƤure, MilchsƤure, GlykolsƤure, BernsteinsƤure, GlutarsƤure und/oder AdipinsƤure, aber auch MineralsƤuren, insbesondere SchwefelsƤure oder Alkalihydrogensulfate, oder Basen, insbesondere Ammonium- oder Alkalihydroxide, enthalten, derartige pH-Regulatoren sind in den erfindungsgemƤĆen Mitteln vorzugsweise nicht Ć¼ber 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,5 Gew.-% bis 6 Gew.-%, enthalten.In order to establish a desired pH, which does not naturally result from the mixture of the other components, the compositions according to the invention may contain system and environmentally acceptable acids, in particular citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid and / or adipic acid, but also mineral acids, in particular sulfuric acid or alkali metal hydrogensulfates, or bases, in particular ammonium or alkali metal hydroxides, such pH regulators are preferably not more than 10 wt .-%, in particular from 0.5 wt .-% to 6 wt .-%, contain.
Die erfindungsgemƤĆen Mittel liegen vorzugsweise als pulverfƶrmige, granulare oder tablettenfƶrmige PrƤparate vor, die in an sich bekannter Weise, beispielsweise durch Mischen, Granulieren, Walzenkompaktieren und/oder durch SprĆ¼htrocknung der thermisch belastbaren Komponenten und Zumischen der empfindlicheren Komponenten, zu denen insbesondere Enzyme, Bleichmittel und der Bleichkatalysator zu rechnen sind, hergestellt werden kƶnnen. ErfindungsgemƤĆe Mittel in Form wƤssriger oder sonstige Ć¼bliche Lƶsungsmittel enthaltender Lƶsungen werden besonders vorteilhaft durch einfaches Mischen der Inhaltsstoffe, die in Substanz oder als Lƶsung in einen automatischen Mischer gegeben werden kƶnnen, hergestellt.The compositions according to the invention are preferably in the form of pulverulent, granular or tablet-like preparations which are prepared in a manner known per se, for example by mixing, granulating, roll compacting and / or spray-drying the thermally stable components and admixing the more sensitive components, in particular enzymes, bleaches and the bleach catalyst are to be expected, can be prepared. Solutions according to the invention in the form of aqueous or other conventional solvent-containing solutions are particularly advantageously prepared by simply mixing the ingredients, which can be added in bulk or as a solution in an automatic mixer.
Zur Herstellung von teilchenfƶrmigen Mitteln mit erhƶhtem SchĆ¼ttgewicht, insbesondere im Bereich von 650 g/l bis 950 g/l, ist ein aus der europƤischen Patentschrift
Zur Herstellung von erfindungsgemƤĆen Mitteln in Tablettenform geht man vorzugsweise derart vor, dass man alle Bestandteile in einem Mischer miteinander vermischt und das Gemisch mittels herkƶmmlicher Tablettenpressen, beispielsweise Exzeriteipressen oder RundlƤuferpressen, mit Pressdrucken im Bereich von
200 Ā· 105 Pa bis 1500 Ā· 105 Pa verpresst. Man erhƤlt so problemlos bruchfeste und dennoch unter Anwendungsbedingungen ausreichend schnell lƶsliche Tabletten mit Biegefestigkeiten von normalerweise Ć¼ber 150 N. Vorzugsweise weist eine derart hergestellte Tablette ein Gewicht von 1-5 g bis 40 g, insbesondere von 20 g bis 30 g auf; bei einem Durchmesser von 3-5 mm bis 40 mm.For the preparation of compositions according to the invention in tablet form, the procedure is preferably such that all ingredients are mixed together in a mixer and the mixture by means of conventional tablet presses, such as Exzeriteipressen or rotary presses, with pressing pressures in the range of
200 Ć 10 5 Pa to 1500 Ć 10 5 Pa pressed. This gives unbreakable, yet sufficiently rapidly soluble tablets under application conditions with flexural strengths of normally over 150 N. So preferably, a tablet produced in this way has a weight of 1-5 g to 40 g, in particular from 20 g to 30 g; at a diameter of 3-5 mm to 40 mm.
Die Bleichleistung der einzelnen Aktivatoren und der erfindungsgemƤĆen Mischungen wurden in einem Linitest-GerƤt (Fa. Heraus) bei 40Ā°C untersucht. Hierzu wurden 2 g/l eines bleichmittelfreien Grundwaschmittels (WMP, WFK, Krefeld) und 0,5 g/l Natriumpercarbonat (Fa. Degussa) in Wasser der HƤrtestufe 3 gelƶst. AnschlieĆend wurden 250 mg/l Aktivator bzw. Aktivatormischung zugegeben. Die Waschzeit betrug 30 min. Als Bleichtestgewebe dienten Curry, Gras und Tee auf Baumwolle (BC-4, CS-8 und BC-1, WFK, Krefeld). Als Bleichergebnis wurde die Remissionsdifferenz, gemessen mit einem Elrepho-GerƤt, nach der WƤsche im Vergleich zu einem Gewebe, gewaschen mit Grundwaschmittel und Percarbonat gewertet.
Man erkennt, dass die erfindungsgemƤĆen Mischungen eine signifikant bessere Bleichwirkung erreichen als die einzelnen Aktivatoren alleine. Im wesentlichen gleiche Ergebnisse wurden erhalten, wenn man das Natriumpercarbonat durch Natriumperborat Monohydrat ersetzte.It can be seen that the mixtures according to the invention achieve a significantly better bleaching effect than the individual activators alone. Substantially similar results were obtained when replacing sodium percarbonate with sodium perborate monohydrate.
Die Bleichleistung der einzelnen Aktivatoren und der erfindungsgemƤĆen Mischungen wurden in einem Linitest-GerƤt (Fa. Heraus) bei 40Ā°C untersucht. Hierzu wurden 2 g/l eines bleichmittelfreien Grundwaschmittels (WMP, WFK, Krefeld) und 0,5 g/l Natriumpercarbonat (Fa. Degussa) in Wasser der HƤrtestufe 3 gelƶst. AnschlieĆend wurden 250 mg/l Aktivator bzw. Aktivatormischung zugegeben. Die Waschzeit betrug 30 min. Als Bleichtestgewebe dienten Gras und Tee auf Baumwolle (CS-8 und BC-1, WFK, Krefeld). Als Bleichergebnis wurde die Remissionsdifferenz, gemessen mit einem Elrepho-GerƤt, nach der WƤsche im Vergleich zu einem Gewebe, gewaschen mit Grundwaschmittel und Percarbonat gewertet.
Man erkennt, dass die erfindungsgemƤĆen Mischungen eine signifikant bessere Bleichwirkung erreichen als die einzelnen Aktivatoren alleine.
Im wesentlichen gleiche Ergebnisse wurden erhalten, wenn man das Tetraacetylethylendiamin gegen 1,5-Diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazin (DADHT) ersetzte.It can be seen that the mixtures according to the invention achieve a significantly better bleaching effect than the individual activators alone.
Substantially similar results were obtained when tetraacetylethylenediamine was substituted for 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine (DADHT).
Die Versuche wurden in einer Miele Novotronic W927 in Kurzwaschgang bei 40 Ā°C durchgefĆ¼hrt. Hierzu wurden pro Waschgang 72 g Grundwaschmittels (WMP, WFK, Krefeld), 12 g Percarbonat (Degussa) und 2,5 g Aktivator bzw. eine Mischung aus 1,5 g TAED und 1,0 g DOBA eingesetzt. Als Testanschmutzung diente ein Multi-Stain-Swatch (EMPA). Als Bleichergebnis wurde die Remissionsdifferenz, gemessen mit einem Elrepho-GerƤt, nach der WƤsche im Vergleich zur ungewaschenen Testanschmutzung gewertet.
Man erkennt, dass die erfindungsgemƤĆen Mischungen eine signifikant bessere Bleichwirkung erreichen als die einzelnen Aktivatoren alleine.It can be seen that the mixtures according to the invention achieve a significantly better bleaching effect than the individual activators alone.
Bleichleistung von NonanoyloxybenzoesƤure (NOBA) in Kombination mit 1,5-Diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazin (DADHT) in der Waschmaschine Die Versuche wurden in einer Miele Novotronic W927 in Kurzwaschgang bei 40Ā°C durchgefĆ¼hrt. Hierzu wurden pro Waschgang 72 g Grundwaschmittels (WMP, WFK, Krefeld), 12 g Percarbonat (Degussa) und 2,5 g Aktivator bzw. eine Mischung aus 1,5 g TAED und 1,0 g NOBA eingesetzt. Als Testanschmutzung diente ein Multi-Stain-Swatch (EMPA). Als Bleichergebnis wurde die Remissionsdifferenz, gemessen mit einem Elrepho-GerƤt, nach der WƤsche im Vergleich zur ungewaschenen Testanschmutzung gewertet.
Man erkennt, dass die erfindungsgemƤĆen Mischungen eine signifikant bessere Bleichwirkung erreichen als die einzelnen Aktivatoren alleine.It can be seen that the mixtures according to the invention achieve a significantly better bleaching effect than the individual activators alone.
In einem Labormischer (Typ: Eirich R-02) wurden vorgelegt 0,9 kg TAED-Pulver (Aktivgehalt ca. 99 %), 0,94 kg DOBA-Pulver (Aktivgehalt ca. 95 %) und 0,17 kg Bentonit (z.B. Ikomont NA weiĆ - Handelsprodukt der Fa. S&B Industrial Minerals GmbH). Die Produkte wurden bei einer MischbehƤlterdrehzahl von n = 32 min-1 (Stufe I) und einer Wirbler-Drehzahl von n = 750 min-1 fĆ¼r 2 min intensiv gemischtIn a laboratory mixer (type: Eirich R-02) were presented 0.9 kg of TAED powder (active content about 99%), 0.94 kg DOBA powder (active content about 95%) and 0.17 kg of bentonite (eg Ikomont NA white - commercial product of the company S & B Industrial Minerals GmbH). The products were intensively mixed at a mixing vessel speed of n = 32 min -1 (stage I) and a swirler speed of n = 750 min -1 for 2 min
Die so hergestellte Pulvermischung wurde anschlieĆend in einem Walzen-Kompaktor (Typ: Hosokawa-Bepex Pharmapaktor L 200/30 P) verpreĆt. Die Drehzahl der Walzen wurde im Bereich von ca. 3 - 6 min-1 und die Drehzahl der Stopfschnecke wurde im Bereich von ca. 15 - 20 min-1 variiert, um eine hinreichende Kompaktierung des Pulvers zu erreichen. Die PressstĆ¼cke wurden anschlieĆend auf einer SiebmĆ¼hle (Typ: Alexanderwerk SKM/NR) schonend zerkleinert, wobei mit einem Siebeinsatz mit einer Maschenweite von 1600 Āµm und einer Drehzahl von 33 min-1 gearbeitet wurde. Das zerkleinerte Produkt wurde abschlieĆend auf einem Laborsieb (Typ. Retsch AS 200 control) fraktioniert, um Feinanteile < 400 Āµm aus dem Zielprodukt abzutrennen. Das fertige Kompaktat lag mit einer Zusammensetzung von 44,3 % TAED (aktiv), 44,4 % DOBA (aktiv) und 8,5 % Bentonit vor.
Die Herstellung eines Co-Granulates mit NOBA kann in analoger Weise erfolgen.The powder mixture thus prepared was then pressed in a roller compactor (type: Hosokawa-Bepex Pharmapaktor L 200/30 P). The speed of the rollers was in the range of about 3 - 6 min -1 and the speed of the plug screw was varied in the range of about 15 - 20 min -1 in order to achieve a sufficient compaction of the powder. The pressed pieces were then comminuted gently on a screen mill (type: Alexanderwerk SKM / NR), using a sieve insert with a mesh width of 1600 Ī¼m and a speed of 33 min -1 was worked. The comminuted product was finally fractionated on a laboratory sieve (type Retsch AS 200 control) in order to separate out fine particles <400 Ī¼m from the target product. The final compact was 44.3% TAED (active), 44.4% DOBA (active), and 8.5% bentonite.
The production of a co-granulate with NOBA can be carried out in an analogous manner.
In einem Labor-Pflugscharmischer (Typ: Lƶdige M5R mit Messerkopf) werden vorgelegt 0,6 kg TAED-Pulver (Aktivgehalt ca. 99 %), 0,41 kg NOBA-Pulver (Aktivgehalt ca. 97 %) und 0,147 kg Carboxymethylcellulose (z.B. Finnfix BDA-Handelsprodukt der Fa. Noviant CMC Oy, Finnland). Die Produkte wurden ca. 30 sec bei einer Drehzahl von n = 100 min-1 trocken vorgemischt. AnschlieĆend wurde die Mischerdrehzahl auf n = 225 min-1 erhƶht, der Messerkopf zugeschaltet und die Dosierung des zur Granulierung benƶtigten Prozesswassers gestartet: Dabei wurde Ć¼ber einen Zeitraum von 60 sec eine Gesamtmenge von 250 ml Wasser in den Mischer eingetragen. Der Misch- und Granulierprozess wurde bei konstanter Drehzahl und zugeschaltetem Messerkopf fĆ¼r weitere 5 min fortgesetzt, um eine ausreichende Aufgranulierung der Mischung zu erreichen. AnschlieĆend wurde die feuchte Mischung aus dem Mischer ausgetragen und sofort in einem Labor-Wirbelbett-Trockner (Typ. Retsch TG 100) bei einer Temperatur von T = 80Ā°C getrocknet. Die Gesamttrocknungszeit betrug ca. 15 min, wobei wƤhrend des Trocknungsvorgangs die GeblƤseleistung schrittweise von Stufe 5 bis auf Stufe 1 abgesenkt wurde. Das getrocknete Produkt wurde anschlieĆend auf einem Laborsieb (Typ. Retsch AS 200 control) fraktioniert, um Feinanteile < 200 Āµm und Grobanteile > 1400 Āµm aus dem Zielprodukt abzutrennen. Das fertige Aufbaugranulat lag mit einer Zusammensetzung von ca. 51,4 % TAED (aktiv), ca. 34,3 % NOBA (aktiv) und ca. 12,7 % CMC vor. Die Herstellung eines Co-Granulates mit DOBA kann in analoger Weise erfolgen.In a laboratory ploughshare mixer (type: Lƶdige M5R with knife head) are submitted to 0.6 kg of TAED powder (active content about 99%), 0.41 kg NOBA powder (active content about 97%) and 0.147 kg of carboxymethylcellulose (eg Finnfix BDA commercial product from Noviant CMC Oy, Finland). The products were premixed dry for about 30 sec at a speed of n = 100 min -1 . Subsequently, the mixer speed was increased to n = 225 min-1, switched on the cutter head and the dosage of the process water required for granulation started: During a period of 60 sec a total of 250 ml of water was added to the mixer. The mixing and granulating process was continued for a further 5 minutes at constant speed and with the cutter head switched on in order to achieve sufficient granulation of the mixture. Subsequently, the moist mixture was discharged from the mixer and immediately dried in a laboratory fluidized bed dryer (Retsch type TG 100) at a temperature of T = 80 Ā° C. The total drying time was about 15 minutes, during which the blower output was gradually lowered from level 5 to level 1. The dried product was then fractionated on a laboratory sieve (type Retsch AS 200 control) in order to separate out fine particles <200 Ī¼m and coarse particles> 1400 Ī¼m from the target product. The finished build-up granulate was present with a composition of about 51.4% TAED (active), about 34.3% NOBA (active) and about 12.7% CMC. The production of a co-granulate with DOBA can be carried out in an analogous manner.
Claims (6)
- The bleach activator mixture in the form of corgranules as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of hydroxybenzoic acid derivative of the formula 1 to tetraacetylethylenediamine and/or 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine is from 95:5 to 5:95% by weight.
- The bleach activator mixture in the form of cogranules as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of hydroxybenzoic acid derivative of the formula 1 to tetraacetylethylenediamine and/or 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine is from 75:25 to 25:75% by weight.
- The bleach activator mixture in the form of cogranules as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of hydroxybenzoic acid derivative of the formula 1 to tetraacetylethylenediamine and/or 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine is from 60:40 to 40:60% by weight.
- The bleach activator mixture in the form of cogranules as claimed in claim 1, which additionally comprises additives, granulating agents and/or coating agents.
- A washing composition, cleaning composition and disinfectant comprising a bleach activator mixture in the form of cogranules as claimed in claim 1 and hydrogen peroxide or an inorganic peroxy oxygen compound.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004043360A DE102004043360A1 (en) | 2004-09-08 | 2004-09-08 | Bleach activator mixtures |
PCT/EP2005/009489 WO2006027178A1 (en) | 2004-09-08 | 2005-09-03 | Bleach activator mixtures |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1791939A1 EP1791939A1 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
EP1791939B1 true EP1791939B1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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EP05778930.7A Not-in-force EP1791939B1 (en) | 2004-09-08 | 2005-09-03 | Bleach activator mixtures |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US7541324B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1791939B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008512527A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102004043360A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2483541T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006027178A1 (en) |
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DE102005041967A1 (en) * | 2005-09-03 | 2007-03-08 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Granular Bleach Activator Blends |
ES2427152T3 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2013-10-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Procedure to produce bleaching particles |
GB0704659D0 (en) * | 2007-03-10 | 2007-04-18 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Composition |
GB2473275A (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2011-03-09 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Bleach activator granule comprising DOBA and a process of production thereof involving extrusion |
GB201004717D0 (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2010-05-05 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Composition |
EP2447350A1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Bleach coparticle |
ES2643133T3 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2017-11-21 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Generation of peroxycarboxylic acids at alkaline pH and their use as textile and antimicrobial bleaching agents |
US8846107B2 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2014-09-30 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | In situ generation of peroxycarboxylic acids at alkaline pH, and methods of use thereof |
DE102011016955A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | Clariant International Ltd. | Antimicrobial agent preparation |
US9321664B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2016-04-26 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Stable percarboxylic acid compositions and uses thereof |
CN106396037B (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2019-10-15 | čŗåŗ·ē¾å½č”份ęéå ¬åø | Peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide and peroxide reducing agent are used to handle drilling fluid, fracturing fluid, recirculation water and the purposes for discharging water |
CN104837980A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2015-08-12 | č·å °čåå©åęéå ¬åø | Cleaning composition |
US10165774B2 (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2019-01-01 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Defoamer useful in a peracid composition with anionic surfactants |
US8822719B1 (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2014-09-02 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Peroxycarboxylic acid compositions suitable for inline optical or conductivity monitoring |
US20140256811A1 (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2014-09-11 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Efficient stabilizer in controlling self accelerated decomposition temperature of peroxycarboxylic acid compositions with mineral acids |
ES2574332B1 (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2017-03-27 | Ercros, S.A. | Tablets for water treatment and disinfection |
JP6731290B2 (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2020-07-29 | ć·ć¼ćć¤ćØć¹ę Ŗå¼ä¼ē¤¾ | Powder sterilizing detergent composition |
EP3781661B1 (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2024-03-13 | Dow Global Technologies, LLC | Tetraacetyldiamine and triacetyldiamine derivatives useful as bleach activators |
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JPS621794A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1987-01-07 | č±ēę Ŗå¼ä¼ē¤¾ | Bleaching composition |
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US5888955A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1999-03-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid dishwashing detergent compositions |
US5843879A (en) * | 1996-02-06 | 1998-12-01 | Lion Corporation | Bleaching activator granulate |
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US6444634B1 (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 2002-09-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Bleaching compositions |
CA2303769A1 (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 1999-03-18 | Michelle Frances Mellea | Bleaching compositions comprising hydrophobic peracid bleach, hydrophilic peracid bleach and a peroxide bleach |
JPH11172287A (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 1999-06-29 | Kao Corp | Bleaching detergent composition |
JPH11302697A (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-11-02 | Kao Corp | Granular bleaching activator |
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GB0109137D0 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-05-30 | Warwick Internat Group Ltd | Mixed bleach activator compositions and methods of bleaching |
PL1601753T3 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2007-12-31 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Package comprising a detergent composition |
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- 2004-09-08 DE DE102004043360A patent/DE102004043360A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2005-09-03 JP JP2007530631A patent/JP2008512527A/en active Pending
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- 2005-09-03 US US11/662,311 patent/US7541324B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-03 WO PCT/EP2005/009489 patent/WO2006027178A1/en active Application Filing
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US7541324B2 (en) | 2009-06-02 |
JP2008512527A (en) | 2008-04-24 |
US20080113036A1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
ES2483541T3 (en) | 2014-08-06 |
EP1791939A1 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
DE102004043360A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
WO2006027178A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
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