EP1788191B1 - Steam turbine and method of cooling a steam turbine - Google Patents
Steam turbine and method of cooling a steam turbine Download PDFInfo
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- EP1788191B1 EP1788191B1 EP20050025245 EP05025245A EP1788191B1 EP 1788191 B1 EP1788191 B1 EP 1788191B1 EP 20050025245 EP20050025245 EP 20050025245 EP 05025245 A EP05025245 A EP 05025245A EP 1788191 B1 EP1788191 B1 EP 1788191B1
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- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- steam
- pressure
- pressure partial
- shaft
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D3/00—Machines or engines with axial-thrust balancing effected by working-fluid
- F01D3/04—Machines or engines with axial-thrust balancing effected by working-fluid axial thrust being compensated by thrust-balancing dummy piston or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
- F01D5/081—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades
- F01D5/084—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades the fluid circulating at the periphery of a multistage rotor, e.g. of drum type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/06—Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
- F01D9/065—Fluid supply or removal conduits traversing the working fluid flow, e.g. for lubrication-, cooling-, or sealing fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/20—Rotors
- F05D2240/24—Rotors for turbines
- F05D2240/242—Rotors for turbines of reaction type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/232—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling characterized by the cooling medium
- F05D2260/2322—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling characterized by the cooling medium steam
Definitions
- the invention relates to a steam turbine with a high-pressure turbine part and a fluidically connected with this medium-pressure turbine section, which part turbines are arranged on a common turbine shaft.
- Known steam turbines are divided into constant pressure turbines and overpressure turbines. Both turbine types have a turbine shaft with blades disposed thereon and an inner shell with vanes disposed between the axially spaced blades. The turbine types differ mainly in the design of their vanes and blades.
- an overpressure turbine is carried out in drum construction.
- the blades are arranged directly on the circumference.
- the vanes are either inserted directly into the housing of the steam turbine or into a special vane carrier.
- a series of vanes and a downstream row of blades form a vane stage.
- the guide and blade profiles have a similar shape, resulting in a degree of reaction of about 0.5% of the stage.
- the percentage distribution of the enthalpy drop across the blades ⁇ h " ⁇ under reaction degree based on the enthalpy of the level ⁇ h ges at a stage of a thermal turbomachine understood ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ H ⁇ ⁇ H ges ,
- the degree of reaction ⁇ applies to the static enthalpy differences, ie the velocity components are neglected or assumed to be the same size.
- a steam turbine and the definition of the positive pressure and constant pressure turbine goes from the DE 197 00 899 A1 out.
- a turbine shaft is mounted in an outer housing with a high pressure turbine and a medium pressure turbine disposed along the turbine shaft.
- the high-pressure turbine is designed in the manner of a constant-pressure turbine and the medium-pressure turbine in the manner of an overpressure turbine.
- a thrust balance piston is provided, which steam outlet side arranged to the high-pressure turbine and is connected via a pressure line to a steam outlet of the medium-pressure turbine.
- a generic steam turbine goes out JP-A-09 125 909 out.
- the invention has for its object to provide a combined high-pressure / medium-pressure steam turbine, in which the thermal load of the turbine shaft is reduced in the medium-pressure turbine by a small design effort. Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide a method for cooling such a steam turbine.
- the first object is achieved by a steam turbine as defined in claim 1.
- the main advantage of this design is the fact that the relatively cool exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine section is used by low design effort for cooling the elements of the medium-pressure turbine section.
- the live steam which is fed at a pressure of about, for example, 125 bar in the high-pressure turbine section, cools during its expansion and leaves at a pressure of, for example, 33 bar and a temperature of for example 350 ° C, the high-pressure turbine section.
- the evaporation temperature is lower than the temperature of the steam from a reheater (hot-reheat steam: HZU steam) by about 200 ° C, which is fed as HZÜ steam in the medium-pressure turbine section.
- a lower mechanical utilization of the shaft in the medium-pressure turbine section allows higher steam temperatures and thus higher cycle efficiencies. This is achieved by selectively cooling the elements of the medium-pressure turbine section, which are directly exposed to HZÜ steam, with the cooler exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine section.
- the first blade row is made shorter than would be optimal in terms of flow, in order to reduce the stresses from centrifugal forces. Due to the present modification of the steam turbine, which ensures effective cooling of the turbine shaft, the lossy reduction of the blade height is no longer necessary. Thus, an optimal dimensioning of the guide and moving blades of the first stage can be realized.
- At least one of the sub-turbines is designed as an overpressure turbine in drum construction.
- Both sub-turbines run in barrel construction.
- An overpressure turbine characterized by a drum design, is particularly suitable for use in steam power plants and combined cycle (combined cycle) power plants.
- the cooling line opens in the region of the turbine shaft close to a first blade stage of the medium-pressure turbine section.
- the first stage of the turbine blading is subjected to the strongest thermal and mechanical loads, therefore targeted cooling of the first blade stage results in a reduced utilization of the turbine shaft.
- the cooling line opens into a relief groove, which is mounted on the turbine shaft in front of the first blade stage of the medium-pressure turbine section.
- the turbine shaft is cooled particularly effectively by the outlet of the cooling line in the region of an inflow region of the HZÜ steam is mounted in the immediate vicinity of the turbine shaft so that the cooler exhaust steam can cool the material of the turbine shaft before the exhaust steam with the HZÜ steam mixed.
- the cooling line is at least indirectly connected to a Abdampfraum the high-pressure turbine section.
- This Abdampfraum is located in the housing of the high-pressure turbine section.
- a further improvement of the medium-pressure turbine part is preferably achieved in that a flow connection is provided, which connects the relief groove with a region in which a second blade stage is held positively, so that the turbine shaft active in the second stage with Abdampf from the High-pressure turbine section is cooled.
- this flow connection is a bore through the turbine shaft.
- the cooling line is a thrust equalization line, which fluidly connects the high-pressure turbine section with the medium-pressure turbine section to compensate for the axial thrust.
- the existing in most combined steam turbines according to the preamble already existing thrust compensation line reduces the design effort to a minimum by the thrust balance line or a branch of the thrust balance line is guided only to the relief groove on the turbine shaft to the area before the first stage of the medium-pressure turbine part targeted To cool Abdampf from the Abdampfraum.
- the first blade stage of the medium-pressure turbine part is designed in the manner of a low-reaction stage with a designed as a fixed guide ring stator.
- the high-pressure turbine section and the medium-pressure turbine section are arranged in a common outer housing.
- the two sub-turbines therefore form a combined unit.
- the second object is achieved according to the invention by a method for cooling a steam turbine with a high-pressure turbine section and a fluidically connected with this medium-pressure turbine section, which are arranged on a common turbine turbine turbine, where exhaust steam from the high pressure turbine section for cooling purposes in the medium pressure Partial turbine is supplied via a cooling line.
- FIG. 1 a steam turbine 2 is shown, which has an outer housing 4. Through the outer housing 4 directed along a turbine axis turbine shaft 6 is guided. The turbine shaft 6 has at one end a shaft coupling 8 for coupling to a low-pressure turbine part, not shown, or to a generator, not shown. Within the outer housing 4, an inner housing 10 is arranged around the turbine shaft 6.
- a high-pressure turbine part 12 and a medium-pressure turbine part 14 are arranged on the turbine shaft 6, wherein both are formed in a drum construction. These comprise guide vanes 16 connected to the inner housing 10 and rotor blades 18 connected to the turbine shaft 6 which extend around the circumference of the turbine shaft 6 in the form of alternating vane rings and blade rings. This is indicated in the figure by the first blade stage 20 of the medium-pressure turbine part 14. Since both the high-pressure turbine section 12 and the medium-pressure turbine section 14 is a positive-pressure turbine, their guide vanes 16 and blades 18 have a similar structure, so that the pressure is equally dissipated via the guide vanes 16 and blades 18 of a stage 20. As a result, for example, a degree of reaction in the range 0.3 to 0.5 is set.
- first stage 20 of the medium-pressure turbine section 14 in which the guide vanes 16 are inclined relative to the rotor blades 18 (diagonal stage) and shorter.
- This is a so-called low-reaction stage, which has a degree of reaction between 0.1 and 0.25.
- Axially between the high-pressure turbine section 12 and the medium-pressure turbine section 14 is formed a large intermediate bottom 22 of the turbine shaft 6 serving for thrust compensation, which is a shaft seal.
- Front side on both sides of the intermediate bottom 22, the turbine shaft 6 each have a relief groove 24, 26.
- the relief groove 24 is located in an inflow region 28a of the high-pressure turbine section 12, and the relief groove 26 is located in an inflow region 28b of the medium-pressure turbine section 14.
- Abdampfraum 30 From Abdampfraum 30 an exhaust steam A via a discharge line 32 out of the steam turbine 2 is led out.
- the exhaust steam A is reheated in an unrepresented reheater, it is supplied as HZÜ steam G at a temperature of, for example, 560 ° C and a pressure of 30 bar of the medium-pressure turbine section 14 in the inflow 28b. After relaxing and cooling it passes at a pressure of about 3 to 6 bar in a discharge region 34 of the medium-pressure turbine section 14 and is led out of the steam turbine 2.
- the drum construction with positive pressure blading of both sub-turbines 12, 14 leads to an axial thrust in the direction of the steam outlet of each sub-turbine 12, 14.
- a piston 36 is provided to accommodate the axial thrust of the medium-pressure turbine section 14, so that the high-pressure turbine part 12 is arranged axially between the piston 36 and the large intermediate bottom 22.
- a smaller intermediate bottom 37 is arranged, which is also formed in the manner of a shaft seal.
- the piston 36 is fluidly connected via a thrust balance line 38 with the medium-pressure turbine section 14.
- the thrust balance line 38 is formed such that at least one branch opens into the relief groove 26.
- the thrust balance line 38 opens completely into the relief groove 26 below the guide ring.
- the thrust balance line 38 is fluidically connected to the Abdampfraum 30, so that the exhaust steam A is fed at a temperature of about 350 ° C via the thrust balance line 38 directly into the relief groove 26.
- the thrust balance line 38 also serves as a cooling line.
- the two openings of the thrust balance line 38 are positioned in such a way and shaft seals are, if necessary, designed such that a pressure gradient in the direction of opening into the relief groove 26 opening of the thrust equalization line 38 is. This ensures a continuous influx of cold exhaust steam A into the relief groove 26.
- FIG. 2 an enlargement of the inflow region 28b of the medium-pressure turbine section 14 with the first blade stage 20 is shown.
- a 26 holes 40 are provided in the axial direction in the relief groove. These holes 40 connect the relief groove 26 fluidly with a region in which a second blade ring (not shown here) is positively secured to the turbine shaft 6.
- the bores 40 in this case have outlet openings 42 in particular to a blade chamber 44, which is traversed by the HZÜ vapor G.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Dampfturbine mit einer Hochdruck-Teilturbine und einer mit dieser strömungstechnisch verbundenen Mitteldruck-Teilturbine, welche Teilturbinen an einer gemeinsamen Turbinenwelle angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a steam turbine with a high-pressure turbine part and a fluidically connected with this medium-pressure turbine section, which part turbines are arranged on a common turbine shaft.
Bekannte Dampfturbinen werden in Gleichdruckturbinen sowie Überdruckturbinen eingeteilt. Beide Turbinenarten weisen eine Turbinenwelle mit darauf angeordneten Laufschaufeln auf sowie ein Innengehäuse mit zwischen den axial beabstandeten Laufschaufeln angeordneten Leitschaufeln. Die Turbinenarten unterscheiden sich hauptsächlich in der Ausgestaltung ihrer Leit- und Laufschaufeln.Known steam turbines are divided into constant pressure turbines and overpressure turbines. Both turbine types have a turbine shaft with blades disposed thereon and an inner shell with vanes disposed between the axially spaced blades. The turbine types differ mainly in the design of their vanes and blades.
Üblicherweise wird eine Überdruckturbine in Trommelbauweise ausgeführt. Hierbei sind die Laufschaufeln unmittelbar am Umfang angeordnet. Die Leitschaufeln sind entweder direkt in das Gehäuse der Dampfturbine oder in einen besonderen Leitschaufelträger eingesetzt. Eine Reihe von Leitschaufeln und eine in Strömungsrichtung nachfolgende Reihe von Laufschaufeln bilden eine Schaufelstufe. Die Leit- und Laufschaufelprofile weisen eine ähnliche Form auf, was zu einem Reaktionsgrad von etwa 0,5 der Stufe führt. Unter Reaktionsgrad ρ wird bei einer Stufe einer thermischen Strömungsmaschine die prozentuale Aufteilung des Enthalpiegefälles über den Laufschaufeln Δh" bezogen auf das Enthalpiegefälle der Stufe Δhges verstanden
Der in der Beschaufelung auftretende Axialschub bei einer Überdruckturbine, d.h. die in die Welle eingetragene Axialkraft ist beträchtlich. Eine Möglichkeit, diesem Axialschub entgegenzuwirken, besteht darin, einen Ausgleichskolben vorzusehen.The axial thrust occurring in the blading in a positive pressure turbine, i. the axial force introduced into the shaft is considerable. One way to counteract this axial thrust is to provide a balance piston.
Eine Dampfturbine sowie die Definition der Überdruck- und Gleichdruckturbine geht beispielsweise aus der
Eine gattungsgemäße Dampfturbine geht aus
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine kombinierte Hochdruck/Mitteldruck-Dampfturbine anzugeben, bei der durch einen geringen konstruktiven Aufwand die thermische Belastung der Turbinenwelle in der Mitteldruck-Turbine reduziert ist. Weiterhin liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Kühlen einer solchen Dampfturbine anzugeben.The invention has for its object to provide a combined high-pressure / medium-pressure steam turbine, in which the thermal load of the turbine shaft is reduced in the medium-pressure turbine by a small design effort. Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide a method for cooling such a steam turbine.
Die erstgenannte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Dampfturbine wie im Anspruch 1 angegeben.The first object is achieved by a steam turbine as defined in claim 1.
Der wesentliche Vorteil dieser Ausführung ist darin zu sehen, dass der relativ kühle Abdampf aus der Hochdruck-Teilturbine durch geringen konstruktiven Aufwand zur Kühlung der Elemente der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine eingesetzt wird. Der Frischdampf, der bei einem Druck von etwa bspw. 125 bar in die Hochdruck-Teilturbine eingespeist wird, kühlt während seiner Entspannung ab und verlässt mit einem Druck von bspw. 33 bar und einer Temperatur von beispielsweise 350°C die Hochdruck-Teilturbine. Die Abdampftemperatur ist um etwa 200°C niedriger als die Temperatur des Dampfs aus einem Zwischenüberhitzer (Heißer-Zwischenüberhitzungs-Dampf: HZÜ-Dampf), welcher als HZÜ-Dampf in die Mitteldruck-Teilturbine eingespeist wird. Eine geringere mechanische Auslastung der Welle in der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine erlaubt höhere Dampftemperaturen und somit höhere Kreislaufswirkungsgrade. Dies wird erreicht, indem die Elemente der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine, die mit HZÜ-Dampf direkt beaufschlagt werden, gezielt mit dem kühleren Abdampf aus der Hochdruck-Teilturbine gekühlt werden.The main advantage of this design is the fact that the relatively cool exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine section is used by low design effort for cooling the elements of the medium-pressure turbine section. The live steam, which is fed at a pressure of about, for example, 125 bar in the high-pressure turbine section, cools during its expansion and leaves at a pressure of, for example, 33 bar and a temperature of for example 350 ° C, the high-pressure turbine section. The evaporation temperature is lower than the temperature of the steam from a reheater (hot-reheat steam: HZU steam) by about 200 ° C, which is fed as HZÜ steam in the medium-pressure turbine section. A lower mechanical utilization of the shaft in the medium-pressure turbine section allows higher steam temperatures and thus higher cycle efficiencies. This is achieved by selectively cooling the elements of the medium-pressure turbine section, which are directly exposed to HZÜ steam, with the cooler exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine section.
Wegen der niedrigeren Temperatur, der die Elemente der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine im Bereich der Einströmung des Dampfes ausgesetzt sind, sinkt die thermisch-mechanische Belastung dieser Elemente. Es können deshalb günstigere Werkstoffe bei der vorgegebenen Dampftemperatur eingesetzt werden.Due to the lower temperature, which are exposed to the elements of the medium-pressure turbine section in the region of the inflow of steam, the thermal-mechanical stress of these elements decreases. It can therefore be used cheaper materials at the predetermined steam temperature.
Um die Belastung der Schaufelfüße und der Welle, die direkt mit dem heißen HZÜ-Dampf beaufschlagt werden, zu reduzieren, wird häufig die ersten Laufschaufelreihe kürzer ausgeführt als es strömungstechnisch optimal wäre, um die Spannungen aus Fliehkräften zu reduzieren. Durch die vorliegende Modifikation der Dampfturbine, die eine wirkungsvolle Kühlung der Turbinenwelle gewährleistet, ist die verlustbehaftete Reduzierung der Schaufelhöhe nicht mehr erforderlich. Somit kann eine optimale Dimensionierung der Leit- und Laufschaufeln der ersten Stufe realisiert werden.In order to reduce the load on the blade roots and the shaft, which are directly exposed to the hot rebreather steam, often the first blade row is made shorter than would be optimal in terms of flow, in order to reduce the stresses from centrifugal forces. Due to the present modification of the steam turbine, which ensures effective cooling of the turbine shaft, the lossy reduction of the blade height is no longer necessary. Thus, an optimal dimensioning of the guide and moving blades of the first stage can be realized.
Vorzugsweise ist zumindest eine der Teilturbinen als Überdruckturbine in Trommelbauweise ausgeführt. Insbesondere sind beide Teilturbinen in Trommelbauweise ausgeführt. Eine Überdruckturbine, durch eine Trommelbauweise gekennzeichnet, ist besonders geeignet für den Einsatz in Dampfkraftwerken und kombinierten (GuD) Kraftwerken.Preferably, at least one of the sub-turbines is designed as an overpressure turbine in drum construction. In particular are Both sub-turbines run in barrel construction. An overpressure turbine, characterized by a drum design, is particularly suitable for use in steam power plants and combined cycle (combined cycle) power plants.
Bevorzugt mündet die Kühlleitung im Bereich der Turbinenwelle nahe an einer ersten Schaufelstufe der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine. Die erste Stufe der Turbinenbeschaufelung ist am stärksten thermisch und mechanisch belastet, deswegen hat eine gezielte Kühlung der ersten Schaufelstufe eine reduzierte Auslastung der Turbinenwelle zur Folge.Preferably, the cooling line opens in the region of the turbine shaft close to a first blade stage of the medium-pressure turbine section. The first stage of the turbine blading is subjected to the strongest thermal and mechanical loads, therefore targeted cooling of the first blade stage results in a reduced utilization of the turbine shaft.
Weiterhin bevorzugt mündet die Kühlleitung in eine Entlastungsnut, welche auf der Turbinenwelle vor der ersten Schaufelstufe der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine angebracht ist. Hierbei wird die Turbinenwelle besonders effektiv gekühlt, indem der Auslass der Kühlleitung im Bereich eines Einströmbereich des HZÜ-Dampfs in unmittelbarer Nähe der Turbinenwelle angebracht ist, so dass der kühlere Abdampf das Material der Turbinenwelle abkühlen kann, bevor sich der Abdampf mit dem HZÜ-Dampf vermischt.Further preferably, the cooling line opens into a relief groove, which is mounted on the turbine shaft in front of the first blade stage of the medium-pressure turbine section. In this case, the turbine shaft is cooled particularly effectively by the outlet of the cooling line in the region of an inflow region of the HZÜ steam is mounted in the immediate vicinity of the turbine shaft so that the cooler exhaust steam can cool the material of the turbine shaft before the exhaust steam with the HZÜ steam mixed.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Kühlleitung zumindest mittelbar mit einem Abdampfraum der Hochdruck-Teilturbine verbunden. Dieser Abdampfraum befindet sich im Gehäuse der Hochdruck-Teilturbine.Advantageously, the cooling line is at least indirectly connected to a Abdampfraum the high-pressure turbine section. This Abdampfraum is located in the housing of the high-pressure turbine section.
Eine weitere Verbesserung der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine wird vorzugsweise dadurch erreicht, dass eine Strömungsverbindung vorgesehen ist, welche die Entlastungsnut mit einem Bereich verbindet, in dem eine zweite Schaufelstufe formschlüssig gehalten ist, so dass die Turbinenwelle auch im Bereich der zweiten Stufe aktiv mit Abdampf aus der Hochdruck-Teilturbine gekühlt wird.A further improvement of the medium-pressure turbine part is preferably achieved in that a flow connection is provided, which connects the relief groove with a region in which a second blade stage is held positively, so that the turbine shaft active in the second stage with Abdampf from the High-pressure turbine section is cooled.
Zweckdienlicherweise ist diese Strömungsverbindung eine Bohrung durch die Turbinenwelle.Conveniently, this flow connection is a bore through the turbine shaft.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist die Kühlleitung eine Schubausgleichsleitung, welche zum Ausgleich des Axialschubs die Hochdruck-Teilturbine mit der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine strömungstechnisch verbindet. Die bei den meisten kombinierten Dampfturbinen gemäß dem Oberbegriff ohnehin vorhandene Schubausgleichsleitung reduziert den konstruktiven Aufwand auf ein Minimum, indem die Schubausgleichsleitung oder eine Abzweigung der Schubausgleichsleitung lediglich zur Entlastungsnut an der Turbinenwelle geführt wird, um den Bereich vor der ersten Stufe der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine gezielt mit Abdampf aus dem Abdampfraum zu kühlen.In a preferred embodiment, the cooling line is a thrust equalization line, which fluidly connects the high-pressure turbine section with the medium-pressure turbine section to compensate for the axial thrust. The existing in most combined steam turbines according to the preamble already existing thrust compensation line reduces the design effort to a minimum by the thrust balance line or a branch of the thrust balance line is guided only to the relief groove on the turbine shaft to the area before the first stage of the medium-pressure turbine part targeted To cool Abdampf from the Abdampfraum.
Gemäß einer zweckdienlichen Weiterbildung ist die erste Schaufelstufe der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine nach Art einer Niederreaktionsstufe mit einem als feststehenden Leitring gestalteten Leitrad ausgebildet. Durch diese Maßnahme wird der Vorteil erzielt, dass im Bereich der Entlastungsnut ein geringerer Druck herrscht, so dass die kontinuierliche Beaufschlagung des kritischen wellennahen Bereichs mit kühlem Abdampf gewährleistet ist.According to an expedient development, the first blade stage of the medium-pressure turbine part is designed in the manner of a low-reaction stage with a designed as a fixed guide ring stator. By this measure, the advantage is achieved that in the region of the relief groove a lower pressure prevails, so that the continuous application of the critical near-wave region is ensured with a cool exhaust steam.
Eine besonders gute Raumnutzung wird gewährleistet, indem vorteilhafterweise die Hochdruck-Teilturbine und die Mitteldruck-Teilturbine in einem gemeinsamen Außengehäuse angeordnet sind. Die beiden Teilturbinen bilden daher eine kombinierte Baueinheit.A particularly good use of space is ensured by advantageously the high-pressure turbine section and the medium-pressure turbine section are arranged in a common outer housing. The two sub-turbines therefore form a combined unit.
Die zweitgenannte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Kühlung einer Dampfturbine mit einer Hochdruck-Teilturbine und einer mit dieser strömungstechnisch verbundenen Mitteldruck-Teilturbine, welche Teilturbinen an einer gemeinsamen Turbinenwelle angeordnet sind, wobei Abdampf aus der Hochdruck-Teilturbine für Kühlungszwecke in die Mitteldruck-Teilturbine über eine Kühlleitung zugeführt wird.The second object is achieved according to the invention by a method for cooling a steam turbine with a high-pressure turbine section and a fluidically connected with this medium-pressure turbine section, which are arranged on a common turbine turbine turbine, where exhaust steam from the high pressure turbine section for cooling purposes in the medium pressure Partial turbine is supplied via a cooling line.
Die im Hinblick auf die Vorrichtung aufgeführten Vorteile und bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen lassen sich sinngemäß auf das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 8 übertragen.The advantages and preferred embodiments listed with regard to the device can be transferred analogously to the method according to claim 8.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigen die Figuren schematisch:
- FIG 1
- einen Längsschnitt durch eine eingehäusige kombinierte Hochdruck/Mitteldruck-Dampfturbine, und
- FIG 2
- eine Vergrößerung des Bereich der ersten Stufe der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine gemäß
FIG 1 .
- FIG. 1
- a longitudinal section through a close-coupled combined high-pressure / medium-pressure steam turbine, and
- FIG. 2
- an enlargement of the range of the first stage of the medium-pressure turbine section according to
FIG. 1 ,
In
Innerhalb des Innengehäuses 10 sind an der Turbinenwelle 6 eine Hochdruck-Teilturbine 12 und eine Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 14 angeordnet, wobei beide in einer Trommelbauweise ausgebildet sind. Diese umfassen mit dem Innengehäuse 10 verbundene Leitschaufeln 16 und mit der Turbinenwelle 6 verbundene Laufschaufeln 18, welche in Form von alternierenden Leitschaufelringen und Laufschaufelringen um den Umfang der Turbinenwelle 6 verlaufen. Dies ist in der Figur durch die erste Schaufelstufe 20 der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 14 angedeutet. Da sowohl die Hochdruck-Teilturbine 12 als auch die Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 14 eine Überdruckturbine ist, weisen ihre Leitschaufeln 16 und Laufschaufeln 18 einen ähnlichen Aufbau auf, so dass der Druck gleichermaßen über die Leitschaufeln 16 und Laufschaufeln 18 einer Stufe 20 abgebaut wird. Hierdurch wird beispielsweise ein Reaktionsgrad im Bereich 0,3 bis 0,5 eingestellt.Within the
Eine Ausnahme hierzu stellt die erste Stufe 20 der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 14, bei der die Leitschaufeln 16 geneigt zu den Laufschaufeln 18 (Diagonalstufe) und kürzer ausgebildet sind. Das ist eine so genannte Niederreaktionsstufe, welche einen Reaktionsgrad zwischen 0,1 und 0,25 aufweist.An exception to this is provided by the
Axial zwischen der Hochdruck-Teilturbine 12 und der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 14 ist ein dem Schubausgleich dienender großer Zwischenboden 22 der Turbinenwelle 6 ausgebildet, wobei es sich um eine Wellendichtung handelt. Stirnseitig auf beiden Seiten des Zwischenbodens 22 weist die Turbinenwelle 6 je eine Entlastungsnut 24, 26 auf. Die Entlastungsnut 24 befindet sich in einem Einströmbereich 28a der Hochdruck-Teilturbine 12 und die Entlastungsnut 26 befindet sich in einem Einströmbereich 28b der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 14.Axially between the high-
Ein in den Einströmbereich 28a einströmender Frischdampf F mit beispielsweise einem Druck von etwa 125 bar und einer Temperatur von ca. 560°C strömt in axialer Richtung durch die Beschaufelung der Hochdruck-Teilturbine 12 hindurch und erreicht bei einem niedrigeren Druck von etwa 33 bar und einer Temperatur von 350°C einen innerhalb des Innengehäuses 10 angeordneten Abdampfraum 30. Vom Abdampfraum 30 wird ein Abdampf A über eine Abführleitung 32 aus der Dampfturbine 2 hinausgeführt. Nachdem der Abdampf A in einem nicht darstellten Zwischenüberhitzer wieder erhitzt wird, wird er als HZÜ-Dampf G mit einer Temperatur von bspw. 560°C und einen Druck von 30 bar der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 14 im Einströmbereich 28b zugeführt. Nach dem Entspannen und Abkühlen gelangt er mit einem Druck von etwa 3 bis 6 bar in einen Ausströmbereich 34 der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 14 und wird aus der Dampfturbine 2 hinausgeleitet.A fresh steam F flowing into the
Die Trommelbauweise mit Überdruckbeschaufelung beider Teilturbinen 12,14 führt zu einem Axialschub in Richtung des Dampfauslasses jeder Teilturbine 12,14. Zur Aufnahme des Axialschubs der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 14 ist ein Kolben 36 vorgesehen. Dieser ist dampfauslassseitig zur Hochdruck-Teilturbine 12 positioniert, so dass die Hochdruck-Teilturbine 12 axial zwischen dem Kolben 36 und dem großen Zwischenboden 22 angeordnet ist. Zwischen dem Kolben 36 und dem Abdampfraum 30 ist ein kleinerer Zwischenboden 37 angeordnet, der ebenfalls nach Art einer Wellendichtung ausgebildet ist.The drum construction with positive pressure blading of both
Der Kolben 36 ist über eine Schubausgleichsleitung 38 mit der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 14 strömungstechnisch verbunden. Die Schubausgleichsleitung 38 ist derart ausgebildet, dass zumindest eine Verzweigung in die Entlastungsnut 26 mündet. Bevorzugt mündet die Schubausgleichsleitung 38 vollständig in die Entlastungsnut 26 unter dem Leitring.The
An ihrem anderen Ende ist die Schubausgleichsleitung 38 mit dem Abdampfraum 30 strömungstechnisch verbunden, so dass der Abdampf A mit einer Temperatur von etwa 350°C über die Schubausgleichsleitung 38 direkt in die Entlastungsnut 26 zugeführt wird. Somit dient die Schubausgleichsleitung 38 zusätzlich auch als eine Kühlleitung. Die beiden Öffnungen der Schubausgleichsleitung 38 sind derart positioniert und Wellendichtungen sind erforderlichenfalls derart ausgebildet, dass ein Druckgefälle in Richtung zu der in die Entlastungsnut 26 mündende Öffnung der Schubausgleichsleitung 38 besteht. Hierdurch ist ein kontinuierlicher Zustrom von kaltem Abdampf A in die Entlastungsnut 26 gewährleistet.At its other end, the
In
Claims (8)
- Steam turbine (2),
having a high-pressure partial turbine (12) and
an intermediate-pressure partial turbine (14) fluidically connected thereto,
which partial turbines (12, 14) are arranged on a common turbine shaft (6),
wherein a cooling line (38) is provided, via which waste steam from the high-pressure partial turbine (12) can be fed into the intermediate-pressure partial turbine (14) for cooling purposes,
wherein the cooling line (38) is connected to a waste steam space (30) of the high-pressure partial turbine (12), wherein the cooling line (38) discharges in the region of the turbine shaft (6) close to a first blade stage (20) of the intermediate-pressure partial turbine (14),
characterized in that
the cooling line (38) discharges into a relief groove (26) created on the turbine shaft (6) upstream of the first blade stage (20) of the intermediate-pressure partial turbine (14). - Steam turbine (2) according to Claim 1,
characterized in that
at least one of the partial turbines (12, 14) is a reaction turbine. - Steam turbine (2) according to either of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
a fluidic connection is provided,
which connects the relief groove (26) to a region of the turbine shaft (6) in which a second blade stage (20) is held in a form-fitting manner. - Steam turbine (2) according to Claim 3,
characterized in that
the fluidic connection is a bore (40) through the turbine shaft (6). - Steam turbine (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the cooling line (38) is a thrust equalization line which fluidically connects the high-pressure partial turbine (12) to the intermediate-pressure partial turbine (14) in order to equalize an axial thrust. - Steam turbine (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the first blade stage (20) of the intermediate-pressure partial turbine (14) is configured in the manner of a low reaction stage. - Steam turbine (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the high-pressure partial turbine (12) and the intermediate-pressure partial turbine (14) are arranged in a common outer housing (4). - Method of cooling a steam turbine (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 7,
having a high-pressure partial turbine (12) and
an intermediate-pressure partial turbine (14) fluidically connected thereto,
which partial turbines (12, 14) are arranged on a common turbine shaft (6),
characterized in that
waste steam from the high-pressure partial turbine (12) is fed via a cooling line (38) into the intermediate-pressure partial turbine (14) for cooling purposes.
Priority Applications (1)
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EP20050025245 EP1788191B1 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2005-11-18 | Steam turbine and method of cooling a steam turbine |
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EP20050025245 EP1788191B1 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2005-11-18 | Steam turbine and method of cooling a steam turbine |
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EP1788191A1 EP1788191A1 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
EP1788191B1 true EP1788191B1 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
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EP20050025245 Not-in-force EP1788191B1 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2005-11-18 | Steam turbine and method of cooling a steam turbine |
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CH701914A1 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2011-03-31 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Steam turbine i.e. high pressure steam turbine, has piston seal arranged between rotor and stator, and release groove arranged at rotor, arranged in region of thrust balance piston and running in circumferential direction of rotor |
EP2412937A1 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Steam turbine and method for cooling same |
EP3130748A1 (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2017-02-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Rotor cooling for a steam turbine |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3614255A (en) * | 1969-11-13 | 1971-10-19 | Gen Electric | Thrust balancing arrangement for steam turbine |
SU1216373A1 (en) * | 1984-02-16 | 1986-03-07 | Предприятие П/Я А-3513 | Cylinder of turbomachine |
US5263997A (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1993-11-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Flange bolt load spreading plate |
JPH09125909A (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 1997-05-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Combined-cycle steam turbine |
DE19700899A1 (en) | 1997-01-14 | 1998-07-23 | Siemens Ag | Steam turbine |
JPH11200801A (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 1999-07-27 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Rotor cooling system of steam turbine |
EP1154123A1 (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method of cooling the shaft of a high pressure steam turbine |
EP1452688A1 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2004-09-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Steam turbine rotor, method and use of actively cooling such a rotor |
GB2409002A (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-15 | Siemens Power Generation Ltd | Thrust balance piston fitted between high and low pressure paths in a turbine. |
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