Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B35/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for sucking combustion residues from cylinders
  • F02B35/02—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for sucking combustion residues from cylinders using rotary pumps
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
  • B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
  • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
  • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
  • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
  • F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
  • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
  • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
  • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
  • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
  • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
  • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
  • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
  • F01N3/029—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
  • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
  • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
  • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
  • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
  • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
  • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
  • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2267/00—Multiple filter elements specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
  • B01D2267/40—Different types of filters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2279/00—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
  • B01D2279/30—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for treatment of exhaust gases from IC Engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
  • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
  • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
  • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an installation for cleaning of exhaust gas and method for cleaning of exhaust gas, especially for purifying exhaust gases emitted by diesel engines, in particular combustion engines driven by fuels containing rape seed and animal oils.
• Diesel engines which can be driven by diesel fuels as well as rape seed and animal oils, enjoy good publicity nowadays, mostly because of their low carbon dioxide emissions. Modern vehicles equipped with diesel engines meet the current standards permitting a fraction of allowed emissions of the early 1990s. Such a high reduction in the emission of harmful substances would not be possible without increasing the injection pressure, exhaust gas return, turbo-charging and catalysts.
• the purpose of the invention is to create a system for purifying engine exhaust gases of high flow reaching 200 thousand m 3 /h and containing solid impurities, soot, volatile organic compounds, as well as nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus oxides, which would be more efficient than the currently known systems, while meeting higher natural environment protection requirements set by standards anticipated for the nearest future.
• the idea of the invention is that in an installation for cleaning of exhaust gas containing filters, additionally to the filters, the installation is equipped with a catalyst reactor and that one of the filters is a filter collecting dust and fine impurities, and an exhaust gas is transmitted through the catalyst reactor and the filters.
• the soot-collecting filter system may constitute a part of the catalytic reactor, while the filter collecting dust and fine impurities is located after the catalytic reactor.
• the role of the soot-collecting filter system collecting soot and solid impurities can be played by a ceramic filter of porous structure collecting soot and solid impurities, followed by a ceramic filter with a chemically active cartridge bounding chemical compounds, and a filter collecting dust and fine impurities located before the catalyst reactor with an outlet connected to an inlet of an catalyst reactor. It is advantageous to have the ceramic filter of porous structure collecting soot and solid impurities, the ceramic filter with a chemically active cartridge bounding chemical compounds, and the filter collecting dust and fine impurities form a multipurpose filter.
• the catalytic reactor may be a thermal reactor or a reverse catalytic, or else a flow or a reverse-flow reactor.
• the catalytic reactor may have additional inlets used for supplying controlled amounts of oxygen, ammonia and/or urea.
• at least one cleaning device for cleaning the soot-collecting filter system.
• the cleaning device can be a burner for burning the soot and solid impurities and/or a vibrator placed on a vibratory frame connected to a filter housing and/or a water collector producing a stream of water at pressure within the range 0.8 MPa to 1.2 MPa.
• space surrounding the filter is connected to an outlet of the filter by a branch and serves for removing gases formed during burning of soot and solid impurities.
• a soot chamber for collecting sludge flowing down from the filter during its washing.
• a further idea of the invention is that in a method for cleaning of exhaust gas, exhaust gases are fed to a filter system collecting soot and solid impurities, and pre-purified exhaust gases leaving the filter system are flameless oxidized in a catalyst reactor.
• the filter system is located in the catalyst reactor, which, once the soot has settled, with the help of heaters or burners is brought to the temperature at which the settled soot and fine solid impurities are oxidized quickly.
• the filter system prefferably be equipped with a ceramic filter of porous structure collecting soot and solid impurities, followed by a ceramic filter with a chemically active cartridge bounding chemical compounds, and a filter collecting dust and impurities, placed before the catalyst reactor, with its outlet connected to an outlet of the catalyst reactor.
• flameless oxidization of a mixture of organic and other compounds is carried out at a temperature of ca. 500 0 C.
• NOx nitrogen compounds are reduced to molecular nitrogen N2 by adding ammonia or urea in strictly predetermined quantities calculated basing on chemical bounding reaction of NOx nitrogen compounds and ammonia or urea.
• the soot and the impurities can be burned in temperatures within the range of 850 0 C to 1000 0 C and remaining substances can be removed with the help of vibrator and/or water collectors producing a stream of water at pressure within the range 0.8 MPa to 1.2 MPa.
• Fig. 1 shows an installation flow diagram of the first embodiment of an exhaust gas purification system
• Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of the second embodiment of an exhaust gas purification system
• Fig. 3 shows a structure of a multipurpose filter
• Fig. 4 shows a flow chart of an algorithm for continuous monitoring of multipurpose filter condition
• Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of the third embodiment of an exhaust gas purification system
• Fig. 6 shows a block diagram of the forth embodiment of an exhaust gas purification system.
• Exhaust gases emitted by diesel engines 11 , 16, 17 are directed from engine exhaust systems 12 via a transmission line 13 to an exhaust gas purification system shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
• the transmission line 13 consists in a system of pipes, ducts, various kinds of valves, throttles and fittings used for carrying exhaust gases, water vapour and volatile particles.
• the volume of the gas mixture fed to individual branches 21 , 31 of the exhaust gas purification system is controlled with the help of throttles or valves 14, 15. All parameters concerning the composition, temperature and negative pressure, at which the exhaust gases are sucked in, are transferred via a set of sensors 86, 186 to a control system 80 shown schematically in Fig.
• the soot settling on the filter 22, 32 collecting soot is oxidized or reheated from time to time, and, once recovered, the ceramic filter cartridge is fed into the filter again.
• a catalyst reactor 25, 35 of the exhaust gas purification system can be a catalyst reactor of thermal, flow, reverse-flow or another type, constructed like catalytic modules placed one within another or modules separated by partitions. In the catalyst reactor 25, 35, flameless oxidization of the organic compound mixture occurs in the range of temperatures from 100 0 C to 600 0 C 1 advantageously at temperatures below 500 0 C but not less than 250 0 C.
• the flameless oxidization process is accompanied by the reduction of the NOx nitrogen compounds to molecular nitrogen N 2 , with catalysis products removed regularly or in a continuous manner.
• the temperature of flameless oxidization is controlled by the amount of exhaust gases, ammonia 26, 36, water H 2 O or urea and neutral gas, for example carbon dioxide of sufficiently low temperature.
• the reduction of nitrogen oxide present in the exhaust gases can also take place thanks to the ammonia created in the catalyst under the influence of a water solution of urea added to the hot exhaust gases leaving the engine.
• the exact dose of urea and/or ammonia is calculated by the control system basing on chemical bounding reaction of NOx nitrogen compounds and ammonia or urea.
• the exhaust gases constituting gas mixture 27, 37 containing carbon dioxide, molecular nitrogen and harmless substances are directed to a heat exchanger 50, and then to the atmosphere via a chimney 60.
• the heat exchange medium is brought to the heat exchanger 50 through a feeding transmission line 51, and carried away along a removal transmission line 52.
• the heat exchange medium can be water used for heating houses and apartments.
• a catalyst reactor 125, 135 in the system version shown in Fig. 2 molecular carbon settles in the form of soot in a soot-colleting filter system 122, 132 constituting a part of the catalyst reactor 125, 135, whereas the filter 24, 34 collecting dust and fine impurities is placed after the catalyst reactor 125, 135.
• the catalyst reactor 125, 135 is brought to the temperature at which the settled soot and fine solid impurities are oxidized quickly.
• 135 flameless oxidization of the organic compound mixture is carried out at the temperature range 100 0 C to 600 0 C, advantageously at the temperature of ca. 500 0 C, and in the reducing section 124 the NOx nitrogen compounds are reduced to molecular nitrogen N 2 , while the catalysis products, similarly as in the system shown in Fig. 1 , are removed regularly or in a continuous manner after being purified by filter the 24, 34.
• Fig. 3 shows schematically a structure of a multipurpose filter 70, the size of which depends on intensity of the exhaust gas flow. It consists of a casing 73 with an opening 71 for letting exhaust gases in, and an opening 72 for letting the pre- purified exhaust gases out.
• a ceramic filter 75 situated at an inlet of a multipurpose filter 70 mostly settles carbon in the form of soot and major solid impurities. With time, the settling molecular carbon fills up the pores of the ceramic filter 75, which must be replaced or recovered regularly.
• Another filter is a ceramic filter 76, filled with calcium or its compounds, for example caicium oxide CaO, commonly referred to as burnt lime.
• the calcium contained in the calcium oxide binds phosphorus contained in the exhaust gases, as well as de-sulfurizing exhaust gases and reacting with other acid gas components, such as hydrogen chlorides or fluorides.
• the ceramic filter 76 After the adsorbing capacity of the ceramic filter 76 diminishes, the latter is replaced with a new one, and the filler can be used as road sub-crust in the form of a harmless substance, for example CaHPO 4 .
• a subsequent filter when proceeding from the entrance opening, is a filter 77 used for the pre-purification of exhaust gases from dust and fine impurities not collected by the first and second ceramic filters.
• the filter 77 used for pre-purification is followed by a filter 78 of medium concentration.
• the filter 79 for accurate exhaust gas purification, which stops dust and the finest impurities.
• the filter is equipped with sensors 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, including negative pressure and temperature sensors as well as sensors detecting the composition of exhaust gases flowing through individual segments of the multipurpose filter 70.
• the data transferred by sensors 81 , 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 186 are directed to a control system 80, which continuously monitors the process of exhaust gas purification as well as the condition of the multipurpose filter.
• the algorithm of the process of monitoring the condition of the multipurpose filter 70 is shown in a flow chart in Fig. 4.
• the monitoring process begins with the start in step 91 upon the start-up of diesel engine(s) presented in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
• Step 92 encompasses readouts, for example of negative pressure, and then the readouts are compared with each other in step 93.
• step 95 information is transferred of a need to replace or purify the excessively polluted filter or its sub-assembly, and the next parameter readout follows.
• the process of purifying exhaust gases from diesel engines consists in the precipitation of molecular carbon from exhaust gases in the first phase, followed by the de-sulfurization and binding of phosphorous compounds after the transmission of exhaust gases through the multipurpose filter consisting of the ceramic filter collecting soot and major impurities, the ceramic filter, as well as pre-purification and fine purification filters collecting dust and fine impurities.
• Pre-purified exhaust gases are directed to the catalyst reactor for the flameless oxidization of the unburned organic compounds, as well as for the reduction of nitrogen compounds to molecular nitrogen through addition of urea and/or ammonia.
• the catalyst reactor is brought to the temperature at which the settled soot and fine solid impurities are oxidized quickly.
• flameless oxidization of the mixture of organic and other compounds is carried out in the oxidizing section of the catalyst reactor at the temperature of ca. 500 0 C 1 while in the reducing section the NOx nitrogen compounds are reduced to molecular nitrogen N 2 through adding ammonia or urea in strictly pre-determined quantities calculated basing on chemical bounding reaction of NOx nitrogen compounds and ammonia or urea.
• a flap inlet vaive 114 which distributes exhaust gases 113 to individual branches 121 , 131 of the installation for purifying exhaust gases.
• the exhaust gases 113 enter into chambers of multipurpose filters 170, 171 separated each other by a partition or a diaphragm 173.
• a soot-collecting filter system or a filter set 122, 132 with little eyes of different size or a set filled with pellets, which collects or accumulates soot and other impurities.
• the collected molecular carbon with time fills the little eyes 122, 132 and causes decreasing of capacity of the team of filters.
• the soot is removed periodically in a chosen branch using cleaning devices 115, 116 whereas other branches work.
• the soot and larger impurities can be burned, for example using a burner.
• air and other inflammable mixture can be dosed through inlets 155, 156.
• the mixture of gases is removed from chambers of the filters 122, 132 through the branches 161 , 181 and valves 162, 182.
• the next filter is a chemically active filter 123, 133, for example a ceramic filter filled with calcium or calcium oxide CaO.
• the calcium is use optionally in the case when the exhaust gases contain phosphoric compounds, for example P2O5 and other acid gas compounds, such as hydrogen chlorides or fluorides.
• the filter 123, 133 decreases, the latter is replaced with a new one, and the filler can be used as road sub-crust in the form of a harmless substance.
• a subsequent filter when proceeding from the inlet, is a filter 126, 136 used for the pre-purification of exhaust gases from dust and fine impurities not collected by other filters. Pre-purified gases are driven through flow lines 151 , 152, and then directed through an outlet flap valve 153 and flow lines 191 , 192 to the atmosphere or to the catalyst reactor 25, 35 (shown in Fig. 1) for further processing.
• the installations for purifying exhaust gases differ in their multipurpose filters 270, 271 that are placed back warded and have a common chamber 288 of pre-purified gases.
• the gases to be purified are directed by a flap inlet valve 214 to individual branches 221 , 231.
• a soot-collecting filter system or a filter set 222, 232 At the inlet of each multipurpose filter 270, 271 is situated a soot-collecting filter system or a filter set 222, 232 with little eyes of different size or a set filled with pellets, which collects or accumulates soot and other impurities.
• the collected molecular carbon and the impurities are burned in temperatures within the range of 850 0 C to 1000 0 C.
• a filter housing 220, 230 of each filter sets 222, 232 is shaken using a vibrator 217, 218 placed on a vibratory frame 247, 248.
• the burning of the soot can be improved by delivering flammable mixture or air through dosing devices 237, 255, 256 or stopped by neutral gasses, such as carbon dioxide in the sufficiently low temperature.
• Remaining substances are removed with the help of water collectors 211 , 212 producing a stream of water at pressure within the range 0.8 MPa to 1.2 MPa.
• Sludge 239 gathering in a chamber being a bottom part of a filter casing, is pumped out through a sludge valve 238 using a sludge pump 229 and collected as waste material.
• Water used for cleaning the filters 222, 232 is delivered by a water pump 226 through pipes 227 and water collectors 211 , 212, Burning gases 253, 254 are directed through valves and ducts 261 , 281 to an outlet 293 or redirected to inlets of the filters placed in working branches.
• the next filter is a chemically active filter 223, 233, for example a ceramic filter filled with calcium and/or calcium compounds, for example calcium oxide CaO.
• a subsequent filter when proceeding from the inlet, is a filter 226, 236 used for the pre-purification of exhaust gases from dust and fine impurities. Pre-purified gases are driven to the common chamber 288, and then directed to the outlet 293 through an outlet flap valve 294.
• the process of purifying exhaust gases stars by collecting soot and impurities on suitable filters.
• the collected molecular carbon and the impurities are burned in temperatures within the range of 850 0 C to 1000 0 C.
• the remaining substances are removed with the help of water collectors 211 , 212 producing a stream of water at pressure within the range 0.8 MPa to 1.2 MPa.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
• Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-08-23 WO PCT/PL2005/000055 patent/WO2006022564A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2005-08-23 EP EP05775410A patent/EP1787015A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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