EP1785951A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Sortierung von Sicherheitsdokumenten - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Sortierung von Sicherheitsdokumenten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1785951A1
EP1785951A1 EP06077012A EP06077012A EP1785951A1 EP 1785951 A1 EP1785951 A1 EP 1785951A1 EP 06077012 A EP06077012 A EP 06077012A EP 06077012 A EP06077012 A EP 06077012A EP 1785951 A1 EP1785951 A1 EP 1785951A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
security document
image
reflection
soiling
determined
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06077012A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Buitelaar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
De Nederlandsche Bank NV
Original Assignee
De Nederlandsche Bank NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by De Nederlandsche Bank NV filed Critical De Nederlandsche Bank NV
Publication of EP1785951A1 publication Critical patent/EP1785951A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/181—Testing mechanical properties or condition, e.g. wear or tear
    • G07D7/187—Detecting defacement or contamination, e.g. dirt
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/181—Testing mechanical properties or condition, e.g. wear or tear
    • G07D7/182—Testing stiffness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/181—Testing mechanical properties or condition, e.g. wear or tear
    • G07D7/183—Detecting folds or doubles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and method for sorting security documents, particularly banknotes.
  • the invention more particularly relates to sorting collected banknotes that are in circulation, particularly classifying banknotes into those that can be brought into circulation again, and those that can no longer be brought into circulation.
  • a device for sorting banknotes is generally described in applicant's European patent EP-B1-1043700 .
  • the invention relates to a method for sorting security documents, preferably banknotes, wherein from the reflection of light in the wavelength range of approximately 400-500 nm of at least a part of a security document a degree of soiling of the security document is determined.
  • the invention further relates to method for sorting security documents, preferably banknotes, wherein a security document is exposed to infrared light, by means of a first image acquisition device at least one image of at least a part of the security document is taken in the infrared light, and a degree of creases of the security document is determined from the at least one infrared image.
  • the invention further relates to a method for sorting security documents, preferably banknotes, wherein at least one image is taken of at least a part of a security document, the image or images is or are subdivided into predetermined, fixed sub areas, of each of the sub areas an average reflection is determined, said average reflection values are each compared with predetermined calibration values, and from the comparison a degree of smudginess is determined.
  • the invention further relates to a method for sorting security documents, preferably banknotes, wherein from at least one image of at least a part of a security document a degree of soiling, and a crease level and a smudginess is determined, and from among others those determinations the security document is classified, preferably into a class of security documents that can be brought into circulation again and a class of security documents that can no longer be brought into circulation.
  • the said methods make it possible to sort particularly banknotes reliably and rapidly, particularly to sort banknotes into those that can be brought into circulation again, and those that have to taken out of circulation. Especially because the number of notes to check is very large, a rapid and reliable check is imperative.
  • the degree of soiling particularly relates to both the seriousness of the soiling and the nature thereof.
  • the blue (B) component from the RGB components of a colour image is used for determining the reflection of light in the wavelength range.
  • the wavelength range has been selected from approximately 400-450 nm.
  • One of the properties of dirt on banknotes is that said dirt absorbs more visible light as the wavelength becomes lower. In short in case of a soiled note more light is absorbed (and therefore reflected less) at 400 nm than at 420 nm, at 450 nm more light is absorbed than at 470 nm and this tendency can be seen over the entire visual spectrum, albeit that the differences at the lowest wavelengths may be the largest and as the wavelengths approach the red and infrared they seem to become smaller. Therefore a detector appears to operate better when the wavelength range is selected as low as possible, because the difference between clean and soiled notes is largest then.
  • the wavelength range in view of recognising dirt in the anatase form has been selected from 390-410 nm (after all as low as possible), whereas in the rutile form the wavelength range has been selected from a less optimal range between 410 and 430 nm.
  • the wavelength range has been selected from 410-430 nm.
  • the degree of soiling of the used security document is determined from reflection differences between a used security document and a new security document of light in the wavelength range of approximately 400-500 nm.
  • the degree of soiling of the security document is determined from reflection of light in a first wavelength range and in a second wavelength range for a same location on the security document, wherein the first wavelength range is the wavelength range of approximately 400-500 nm.
  • the degree of soiling of the security document is determined from reflection ratios between reflection of light in the first wavelength range and the second wavelength range for a same location on the security document, preferably from a quotient of the reflection.
  • the second wavelength range may be a red wavelength range
  • the quotient preferably is a quotient of an R and B component from the RGB components of a colour image.
  • the second wavelength range may also be a wavelength range at the blue side of the spectrum that differs from the first wavelength range.
  • the first wavelength range has been selected from approximately 410-430 nm, preferably approximately 420-430 nm
  • the second wavelength range has been selected from approximately 430-500 nm, preferably approximately 450-460 nm.
  • the determination of the reflection comprises an image, preferably a digital image of at least a part of the security document.
  • the security document is subdivided into several areas, preferably rectangles, and of each area an average reflection is then determined, wherein preferably the average reflection is compared and a predetermined average reflection.
  • the areas are predetermined areas having a predetermined position on the carrier.
  • the areas have individually been predetermined for each type of carrier.
  • a visual degree of soiling of a test set is first of all visually established, and the reflection of the same test set is determined, and the visual degree of soiling is correlated by means of statistical calculation to the reflection measurement or at least one parameter derived therefrom for determining a calibration, and said calibration is applied to the reflection measurement or the at least one parameter derived therefrom for determining a degree of soiling.
  • the reflection is measured in one or more areas on the security document that have been lightly printed or have not been printed on, for the determination of the soiling.
  • the area or the areas has or have a representative surface for the area in question of the security document.
  • the sorting criteria are adjusted using a test set of security documents that have been visually assessed, wherein soiling degrees are allocated to the degree of soiling determined by means of the reflection measurements.
  • a relation is calculated between the allocated soiling degrees and measured degree of soiling, by means of statistical calculation for the test set, and the calculated relation is used to allocate a soiling degree to the security documents to be sorted, wherein preferably five soiling degrees are allocated, which preferably have a numerical value.
  • a security document is exposed to infrared light
  • at least one image of at least a part of the security document is taken in the infrared light
  • a degree of creases of the security document is determined from the at least one infrared image
  • the security document is exposed to infrared light that has an angle of incidence to the surface of the security document, and a reflection image is taken preferably approximately transverse to the plane of the security document.
  • the infrared light has an angle of incidence of 20-40 degrees, preferably approximately 30 degrees.
  • an image is taken by means of an image acquisition device that is sensitive in the infrared range.
  • the image acquisition device is positioned over the security document, preferably approximately straight over it.
  • a standard deviation of the brightness is determined from the image, from which deviation a crease level is determined.
  • the standard deviation of the brightness is determined for areas on the security document, preferably rectangles, more preferably a grid of rectangles, such as 5* 10 rectangles divided over the security document.
  • the security document is exposed by means of a second light source, positioned at an angle to a surface of the security document and to the first light source.
  • a crease level is at least placed in a class of relatively new security documents with sharp folding lines and a class of worn security documents having creases.
  • the image is taken in transmission, wherein the security document is exposed at the one surface and at least one image is taken from the opposite surface.
  • At least one image is taken in transmission and at least one image is taken wherein infrared light is at an angle of incidence to the surface of the security document, and a reflection image is taken of said surface, preferably approximately straight above said surface.
  • the method for sorting security documents preferably banknotes, wherein at least one image is taken of at least a part of a security document, the image or images is or are subdivided into predetermined, fixed sub areas, of each of the sub areas an average reflection is determined, said average reflection values are each compared with predetermined calibration values, and from the comparison a degree of smudginess is determined, in one embodiment the established calibration values are determined from average values for a test set of several notes.
  • the image is taken with an exposure having a wavelength component at the blue side of the spectrum, or the blue (B) component of the image is used.
  • the security document is given a class indication based on the degree of smudginess.
  • a security document preferably banknotes, wherein from at least one image of at least a part of a security document a degree of soiling, a crease level and a smudginess is determined, and from among others those determinations the security document is placed in a class, preferably a class of security documents that can be brought back into circulation again and a class of security documents that can no longer be brought into circulation again, in one embodiment one or more images of at least a part of a security document is or are taken by means of a reflection measurement and from said image or images at least the degree of soiling, the crease level and the smudginess is or are determined.
  • the degree of soiling is determined using the method described above.
  • the crease level is determined using the method described above.
  • the smudginess is determined using the method described above.
  • a document is exposed to light having a wavelength component in the range of approximately 400-500 nm, by means of an image acquisition device an image of the security document is taken in the wavelength range of approximately 400-500 nm, the image taken is compared with an image taken beforehand in a similar, preferably the same, security document, after which on the basis of the comparison a degree of soiling of the document is determined.
  • an assembly provided with an exposure unit, an image acquisition device and a data processing unit provided with software for when said software is active in the data processing unit, carrying out a method as described above.
  • the invention further relates to a carrier provided with machine instructions, such as computer software, for when active in the data processing unit, carrying out a method as described above.
  • the invention further relates to a device, adapted for carrying out the method as described in the description.
  • aspects and measures described and/or shown in the application may where possible also be used individually. Said individual aspects, such as determining the degree, nature and spreading of the crease level, determining the degree, nature and spreading of the smudginess and other aspects may be combined, but may also each individually be the subject of divisional patent applications relating thereto.
  • a monochrome camera is used, wherein two illumination sources are being used; a first illumination source emitting light in the wavelength range of approximately 420-430 nm and a second illumination source emitting light in the wavelength range of approximately 450-460 nm.
  • images of the document may be obtained by alternately switching the first and second illumination source on and off, wherein switching takes place per image line of the camera.
  • a selection of the wavelength range with the illumination source is opted for. Said selection may additionally or alternatively also take place by using colour filters that are alternately placed in front of the camera.
  • a further improvement can be achieved by instead of using a direct reflection measurement under blue exposure or with a filter allowing blue through as qualification for the test decision, carrying out a ratio measurement between the red and blue component of an RGB colour camera. If for instance the quotient of B and R is selected as soiling determining relation, this quotient in case of a dirty note will be generally low with respect to said quotient of a clean note. After all the B component for a soiled note will decrease relatively stronger than the R component.
  • the advantage of a relative measurement is that the initial variation in the reflected light quantity, which occurs in new notes, is largely eliminated. In practice it turned out that the (for that matter present) variation in tone is less large than the variation in reflection.
  • a further improvement can be achieved by a difference measurement at wavelength ranges about 420-430 and about 450-460 nm.
  • a further improvement can be achieved by optimising the location on which the light measurements are carried out.
  • a note is divided into a grid of for instance 5*10 rectangles. Subsequently it is determined of each of these 50 squares to what extend the reflection measurements correlate to the general soiling condition of the note. This general soiling condition is visually determined (beforehand).
  • test result turns out to improve nonetheless when said properties are included in the general test decision.
  • two methods can be used. In one method an infrared source is radiated at an angle to the note surface. In the other method an infrared source is radiated through the note (transmission).
  • this method consists of a monochrome camera having a filter allowing infrared through, which filter is directed perpendicular to the note surface. Furthermore an infrared light source is directed at an angle of approximately 30° ⁇ 10° to the note surface on the note area under the camera.
  • creases in the banknote can be made visible in the form of a light and shadow image.
  • a crease on a note of which one side faces the light source will show a pattern wherein this side will reflect more light than the uncreased part of the note, whereas the side of the crease facing away from the light source will reflect less light towards the camera than the uncreased part of the note.
  • the part of the note that is transparent in infrared will in this way be built up from parts that show more or less average note reflection (uncreased parts), parts showing more than the average note reflection and parts showing less than the average note reflection.
  • Said standard deviation can be determined for the full infrared transparent part, but use can also be made here of the grid of 5* 10 squares. In this way it is possible to consider the specific weak locations of the note (for instance the main folding lines) separately.
  • a solution to solve this could be to use a second infrared light source which is placed at an angle of 90° to the first light source and which light sources are alternately switched on and off so that in the end a full crease image can be formed.
  • Another method for determining the crease level of a note is making an infrared image in transmission of the note.
  • an example is shown of such an image.
  • Creases in this case become visible because a crease ensures that the light has to traverse a larger distance in paper than a ray of light that has to traverse a perpendicularly positioned surface.
  • a second reason why creases can be properly recognised in transparency is caused by the fibre structure being disturbed by the crease, which results in light at the location of the disturbed fibre structure being more strongly scattered and the light yield through the crease being less than through a note part without creases.
  • the combination of both images can further be used to analyse the nature of the creases.
  • the first group is the group with relatively new notes which in one or another have been creased very strongly. Because the paper is still rather new, notes with this type of creases show a rough surface having relatively large differences in height.
  • a second main type of crease level is formed by paper that has been in circulation for a long time. This paper has lost its firmness and because of the numerous disturbances of the fibre structure the note has become limp.
  • the two groups can be distinguished from each other because in the first group a strong light shadow pattern arises. Said shadow pattern should then be reasonably found back in the second image, the infrared image in transparency.
  • the second group shows a less pronounced shadow image, but a stronger pattern in transparency. In this case many lines may be detected that have no clear shadow patterns.
  • balance coefficient Another source of additional information may be found in a so-called balance coefficient. Said coefficient makes it possible to recognise local soiling on a note, which may manifest itself in larger or smaller smudges, but also in the form of unequally distributed soiling on one of the note halves or note quadrants.
  • the balance coefficient When determining the balance coefficient it is first determined what the average part in the reflection of the overall note of each grid square is for a certain denomination. As described above in this case use is made of the blue component of the spectrum. The determination of this average therefore takes place over a larger number of notes of varying circulation quality. Subsequently in the individual note test the part of each grid square in the measured reflection is compared with the average and the overall balance coefficient is determined by means of an algorithm. Currently the algorithm consists of summing up the square of the relative deviations of the 50 grid squares, but this algorithm may be further optimised by further analysis.
  • the final algorithm taking the decision about whether or not to approve of the note is an intelligent combination of the above-mentioned factors, optionally supplemented with other sources of information (for instance the time that the note has been in circulation).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
EP06077012A 2005-11-14 2006-11-14 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Sortierung von Sicherheitsdokumenten Withdrawn EP1785951A1 (de)

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NL1030419A NL1030419C2 (nl) 2005-11-14 2005-11-14 Werkwijze en inrichting voor het sorteren van waardedocumenten.

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010023420A1 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 De La Rue International Limited Document of value and method for detecting soil level
WO2010072732A1 (de) * 2008-12-22 2010-07-01 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum prüfen von wertdokumenten
WO2013014611A1 (fr) 2011-07-28 2013-01-31 Arjowiggins Security Procede de controle de l'etat physique d'un document
WO2014018712A2 (en) * 2012-07-27 2014-01-30 Toshiba International Corporation System and method for the detection of soiling in bank notes
EP2711901A1 (de) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Bildlesevorrichtung und bogenverarbeitende Vorrichtung
US8792090B2 (en) 2008-11-14 2014-07-29 De La Rue International Limited Document of value, method of manufacture and method of detecting soil or wear
CN104809799A (zh) * 2014-01-27 2015-07-29 光荣株式会社 纸币处理装置以及纸币处理方法

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US4189235A (en) * 1976-11-29 1980-02-19 G.A.O.Gesellschaft Fur Automation Und Organisation Mbh Test device for dynamically measuring the degree of dirt accumulation on bank-notes
US4547896A (en) * 1981-06-29 1985-10-15 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Printed matter identifying apparatus
EP0718808A2 (de) * 1994-12-10 1996-06-26 NCR International, Inc. System zum Beglaubigen von Dokumenten
US6040584A (en) * 1998-05-22 2000-03-21 Mti Corporation Method and for system for detecting damaged bills
EP1011079A1 (de) * 1998-12-14 2000-06-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gerät zur Ermittlung des Schmutzgrades von bedrucktem Material
EP1168252A2 (de) * 1995-05-11 2002-01-02 Giesecke & Devrient GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Blattgut, wie z. B. Banknoten
US6798900B1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2004-09-28 Nippon Conlux Co., Ltd. Paper sheet identification method and apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4139779A (en) * 1976-04-30 1979-02-13 Gretag Aktiengesellschaft Method of assessing a printed article
US4189235A (en) * 1976-11-29 1980-02-19 G.A.O.Gesellschaft Fur Automation Und Organisation Mbh Test device for dynamically measuring the degree of dirt accumulation on bank-notes
US4547896A (en) * 1981-06-29 1985-10-15 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Printed matter identifying apparatus
EP0718808A2 (de) * 1994-12-10 1996-06-26 NCR International, Inc. System zum Beglaubigen von Dokumenten
EP1168252A2 (de) * 1995-05-11 2002-01-02 Giesecke & Devrient GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Blattgut, wie z. B. Banknoten
US6040584A (en) * 1998-05-22 2000-03-21 Mti Corporation Method and for system for detecting damaged bills
EP1011079A1 (de) * 1998-12-14 2000-06-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gerät zur Ermittlung des Schmutzgrades von bedrucktem Material
US6798900B1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2004-09-28 Nippon Conlux Co., Ltd. Paper sheet identification method and apparatus

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010023428A1 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 De La Rue International Limited Document of value and method for detecting soil or wear level
CN102160092A (zh) * 2008-08-28 2011-08-17 德拉鲁国际有限公司 有价票证及用于检测污渍或磨损等级的方法
WO2010023420A1 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 De La Rue International Limited Document of value and method for detecting soil level
EA020121B1 (ru) * 2008-08-28 2014-08-29 Де Ла Рю Интернешнл Лимитед Ценный документ и способ определения степени загрязнения или изнашивания такого документа
CN102160092B (zh) * 2008-08-28 2014-07-23 德拉鲁国际有限公司 有价票证及用于检测污渍或磨损等级的方法
US8792090B2 (en) 2008-11-14 2014-07-29 De La Rue International Limited Document of value, method of manufacture and method of detecting soil or wear
WO2010072732A1 (de) * 2008-12-22 2010-07-01 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum prüfen von wertdokumenten
CN102265312A (zh) * 2008-12-22 2011-11-30 德国捷德有限公司 用于检验有价文件的方法和设备
RU2537805C2 (ru) * 2008-12-22 2015-01-10 Гизеке Унд Девриент Гмбх Способ и устройство для проверки ценных документов
CN102265312B (zh) * 2008-12-22 2014-08-20 德国捷德有限公司 用于检验有价文件的方法和设备
US8766222B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2014-07-01 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Method and apparatus for checking the usage state of documents of value
WO2013014611A1 (fr) 2011-07-28 2013-01-31 Arjowiggins Security Procede de controle de l'etat physique d'un document
WO2014018712A3 (en) * 2012-07-27 2014-04-17 Toshiba International Corporation System and method for the detection of soiling in bank notes
WO2014018712A2 (en) * 2012-07-27 2014-01-30 Toshiba International Corporation System and method for the detection of soiling in bank notes
US8987676B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2015-03-24 Toshiba International Corporation System and method for the detection of soiling in bank notes
EP2711901A1 (de) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Bildlesevorrichtung und bogenverarbeitende Vorrichtung
US9060150B2 (en) 2012-09-19 2015-06-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Image reading apparatus and sheet processing apparatus
CN104809799A (zh) * 2014-01-27 2015-07-29 光荣株式会社 纸币处理装置以及纸币处理方法
EP2899698A1 (de) * 2014-01-27 2015-07-29 Glory Ltd. Banknotenverarbeitungsvorrichtung und Banknotenverarbeitungsverfahren
US9792699B2 (en) 2014-01-27 2017-10-17 Glory Ltd. Banknote processing apparatus and banknote processing method

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