EP1784535A1 - Appareil de transformation de nappe fibreuse comprenant une courroie metallique en boucle - Google Patents

Appareil de transformation de nappe fibreuse comprenant une courroie metallique en boucle

Info

Publication number
EP1784535A1
EP1784535A1 EP05775185A EP05775185A EP1784535A1 EP 1784535 A1 EP1784535 A1 EP 1784535A1 EP 05775185 A EP05775185 A EP 05775185A EP 05775185 A EP05775185 A EP 05775185A EP 1784535 A1 EP1784535 A1 EP 1784535A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal belt
processing apparatus
calender
belt
roll
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05775185A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1784535B1 (fr
EP1784535A4 (fr
Inventor
Henri Vaittinen
Maria Lepola
Mika Viljanmaa
Kari Hasanen
Matti Leppänen
Reijo PIETIKÄINEN
Eero Suomi
Pauli Kytönen
Timo Torvi
Markku Kirvesmäki
Tony Lehto
Kari Martikainen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valmet Technologies Oy
Original Assignee
Metso Paper Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metso Paper Oy filed Critical Metso Paper Oy
Publication of EP1784535A1 publication Critical patent/EP1784535A1/fr
Publication of EP1784535A4 publication Critical patent/EP1784535A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1784535B1 publication Critical patent/EP1784535B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/006—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus with extended nips
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F3/02—Wet presses
    • D21F3/0209—Wet presses with extended press nip

Definitions

  • Fibrous web processing apparatus with a metal belt loop
  • the present invention relates to optimizing a fibrous web processing apparatus with a metal belt loop for different uses, the processing apparatus comprising a belt arranged to rotate around at least one guide means.
  • ⁇ web processing' refers to the various measures relating to the processing of a fibrous web in a paper/board machine, such as pressing, drying, calendering, coating, sizing and smoothing.
  • the processing apparatus may also be a fibrous web finishing machine, such as a separate coating machine, printing apparatus or calender.
  • a processing apparatus provided with a metal belt allows the use of an extremely broad pressure range and effective period (heat transfer time and/or processing time) in the processing zone, thus making it possible to use the same apparatus for processing numerous different coated and uncoated printing papers, boards and other paper grades, and it may be used, for example, as a precalender before coating and an final calender after the paper machine or coating, a breaker stack, a wet stack calender or drying apparatus, a coating apparatus, a sizing apparatus, a printing apparatus and/or a press.
  • a processing apparatus with a metal belt can conceivably be used to replace, for example, a soft calender, a multi-nip calender, a machine calender, a shoe calender, the Yankee cylinder part of a dryer group, or a press.
  • Paper and board grades There are numerous different paper and board grades and they can be divided into two categories by grammage: papers, which have one layer and a grammage of 25-300 g/m 2 and boards made by multi-layer technique and having a grammage of 150-600 g/m 2 . As can be seen from this, the borderline between paper and board is a sliding one since boards having the lightest grammage are lighter than the heaviest of papers. Paper is generally used for printing and board for packaging. The following descriptions are examples of values currently used for fibrous webs and they may contain considerable variation from the disclosed values. The descriptions are based mainly on the source publication Papermaking Science and Technology, section Papermaking Part 3, edited by Jokio, M., published by Fapet Oy, Jyvaskyla 1999, 361 pages.
  • Mechanical pulp based, i.e. wood-containing printing papers include newsprint, uncoated magazine paper and coated magazine paper.
  • Newsprint is composed either completely of mechanical pulp or it may contain some bleached softwood pulp (0-15%) and/or recycled fibre to replace some of the mechanical pulp.
  • general values for newsprint may be regarded the following: grammage 40-48.8 g/m 2 , ash content (SCAN-P 5:63) 0-20%, PPS-slO roughness (SCAN-P 76-95) 3.0-4.5 ⁇ m, Bendtsen roughness (SCAN-P21:67) 100-200 ml/min, density 600-750 kg/m 3 , brightness (ISO 2470:1999) 57-63%, and opacity (ISO 2470:1998) 90-96%.
  • Uncoated magazine paper usually contains 50-70% mechanical pulp, 10-25% bleached softwood pulp, and 15-30% fillers.
  • Typical values for calendered SC paper are: grammage 40-60 g/m 2 , ash content (SCAN-P 5:63) 0-35%, Hunter gloss (ISO/DIS 8254/1) ⁇ 20-50%, PPS SlO roughness (SCAN-P 76:95) 1.0-2.5 ⁇ m, density 700-1250 kg/m 3 , brightness (ISO 2470:1999) 62- 70%, and opacity (ISO 2470:1998) 90-95%.
  • LWC paper may be regarded the following: grammage 40-70 g/m 2 , Hunter gloss 50-65%, PPS SlO roughness 0.8-1.5 ⁇ m (offset) and 0.6-1.0 ⁇ m (roto), density 1100-1250 kg/m 3 , brightness 70- 75%, and opacity 89-94%.
  • MFC paper machine finished coated
  • grammage 50-70 g/m 2 Hunter gloss 25-70%
  • PPS SlO roughness 2.2-2.8 ⁇ m density 900-950 kg/m 3
  • brightness 70-75% brightness 70-75%
  • opacity 91-95% a measure of opacity
  • FCO paper film coated offset
  • grammage 40-70 g/m 2 Hunter gloss 45-55%
  • PPS SlO roughness 1.5-2.0 ⁇ m density 1000-1050 kg/m 3
  • brightness 70-75% brightness 70-75%
  • opacity 91- 95% opacity 91- 95%.
  • MWC paper medium weight coated
  • grammage 70-90 g/m 2 Hunter gloss 65-75%
  • PPS SlO roughness 0.6-1.0 ⁇ m density 1150-1250 kg/m 3
  • brightness 70-75% brightness 70-75%
  • opacity 89-94% opacity 89-94%.
  • HWC heavy weight coated
  • HWC has a grammage of 100-135 g/m 2 and it can be coated even more than twice.
  • Woodfree printing papers made of chemical pulp, or fine papers include uncoated and coated chemical-pulp based printing papers, in which the proportion of mechanical pulp is less than 10%.
  • Uncoated chemical-pulp based printing papers contain 55-80% bleached birchwood pulp, 0-30% bleached softwood pulp, and 10-30% fillers. With WFU, the values vary considerably: grammage 50-90 g/m 2 (up to 240 g/m 2 ), Bendtsen roughness 250-400 ml/min, brightness 86-92%, and opacity 83-98%.
  • coated chemical-pulp based printing papers WFC
  • the amounts of coating vary greatly in accordance with the requirements and intended use.
  • Release papers have a basis weight ranging from 25 to 150 g/m 2 .
  • Boards constitute a fairly heterogeneous group which includes grades having a high grammage of up to 500 g/m 2 and grades having a low grammage of about 120 g/m 2 , the grades ranging from ones based on virgin fibre to 100% recycled fibre based grades, and from uncoated to multiply coated.
  • board grades are divided into coated and uncoated grades because coating has the greatest effect on the calendering method.
  • coated grades both precalendering before the coating machine and the final calender after the coating machine are used. Uncoated grades are only subjected to final calendering. These two groups include several board grades as follows:
  • FBB virgin fibre based folding boxboard
  • SBS solid bleached board
  • LPB liquid packaging board
  • coated white top liner carrier board
  • Uncoated board - virgin fibre based (kraft liner, white top liner, liquid packaging board)
  • Coated board grades vary from one-layer to five-layer board. The most important qualities are large bulk, rigidity and smoothness.
  • the board is often one-sided, but may also be two-sided (SBB boards).
  • Precalendering is applied before the coating machine to reduce roughness and porosity to a target level characteristic of the coating machine.
  • the precalendering method is dependant on many variables, the most important being the following:
  • Precalendering mainly serves the purpose of CD-direction calibre control when there is a Yankee cylinder in the board machine (typically a folding boxboard machine).
  • the Yankee cylinder produces an extremely smooth surface with large bulk.
  • Precalendering is usually done with one hard-nip calender, based on either thermal or hydraulic calibre control. Line loads are typically fairly low, 10-30 kN/m, and thermo roll temperatures 70-100°C.
  • Typical board grades made without a Yankee cylinder are solid bleached board, white top liner, coated recycled board and liquid packaging board.
  • precalendering was carried out by using a multi-roll hard-nip calender and the calendering effect was enhanced by adding water by means of water boxes (wet stack calenders).
  • the number of rolls varies from 4 to 11 depending on the board grade; the more readily calendered European fibres do not require as many nips as fibres originating from the southern parts of the USA.
  • Recycled fibres are likewise more readily calendered than virgin fibres.
  • thermo roll has shifted precalendering towards hot calendering.
  • the aim is to use hot hard nip calendering or soft calendering.
  • Increased thermo roll temperatures result in bulk savings due to the temperature gradient.
  • the runnability of a hot hard nip calender or soft calender is better than that of a multi-roll hard nip calender.
  • the application of water on wet stack calenders is not easy to control.
  • Uncoated board grades often have only one or two layers. Multi-layered, uncoated boards, such as liquid packaging boards, can also be produced. As with coated boards, the calendering of uncoated boards should also save on bulk and rigidity.
  • calendering is not required.
  • calendering was almost always carried out on hard nip calenders.
  • the display and advertising function of fluted packages has recently become increasingly important. This has increased demands for a higher-quality, bleached surface layer.
  • Soft calenders are, therefore, used also for uncoated board grades when good printability is required.
  • Steam-jet sprayers may be used before the calender to improve the outcome of calendering if the board is cooled.
  • a general aim of the present application is to enhance the operation of the processing apparatus with a metal belt loop and to improve its usability at different points on the production line and/or finishing stages of the fibrous web.
  • the ratio between the length of the metal belt and the width of the metal belt is a significant factor from the functioning viewpoint in processing apparatuses with metal belt loops having a belt width within the range from about 1.5 m to about 12 m.
  • the aim of the invention is, therefore, to provide a fibrous web processing apparatus with a metal belt loop for different uses in a paper/board machine and/or finishing machine, the processing apparatus comprising a metal belt arranged to rotate around at least one guide means.
  • the solution relating to the invention is characterised in that the ratio of the length of the metal belt to its width is greater than 0.55. The said ratio is preferably more than 0.8, and more preferably more than 1.
  • outside the metal belt loop is preferably arranged at least one counter- element forming a contact surface with the belt, in such a way that between the belt and the counter-element is formed a web processing zone through which the web to be processed is led.
  • a processing apparatus with a metal belt loop according to the invention is preferably located at least at two different points on the paper/board production line, the at least two processing apparatuses having at least 40% of identical, interchangeable parts.
  • This solution results in a fall in maintenance costs, a reduction in the need for spare parts and in lower production costs due to the possibility of serial production.
  • a calender provided with a metal belt loop and a coating machine may have about 70% of interchangeable parts and a calender and press equally about 70%, whereas a press and a coating machine may have some 40% of common parts.
  • cleaning means for cleaning the processing surface of the metal belt, the said cleaning means being selected from a group including a felt cleaner, a brush cleaner, cleaning by spraying washing solution, steam or compressed air under pressure from a washing device, and cleaning based on ultrasonic vibration or other oscillation.
  • Patent application FI 20035030 discloses one solution for modernisation.
  • one aim of the present invention is also an arrangement for calendering a fibrous web by means of a calender comprising a conventional nip, a long contact zone being incorporated in the calender for enhancing the heat transfer of the web.
  • a metal belt loop is incorporated outside a roll in a conventional calender, in such a way that a long preheating zone is formed immediately before the conventional nips of , the calender, whereby a high preheating effect is achieved.
  • the belt contact is preferably added before the first nip.
  • a metal belt loop is incorporated outside a conventional calender roll in such a way that a long final cooling zone is formed after the conventional calender nips.
  • the web is cooled. Cooling preferably takes place against the final roll, most preferably against a polymer roll. Cooling makes it possible to use higher calendering temperatures without endangering rolling or the fibrous web drying excessively.
  • calendering enhanced according to the invention are produced glossy, coated or uncoated printing papers and boards in such a way that the enhancement of heat transfer will promote the smoothing process.
  • Examples include wood-containing uncoated printing paper (SC: Hunter 40-60%), wood-containing coated printing paper (LWC Hunter 50-70%, MWC Hunter 65-75%, HWC) and coated fine paper (e.g. WFC: Hunter 70-90%) and coated folding boxboard (more detailed values are available in the publication FAPCT: Papermaking, Part a: Finishing).
  • calendering enhanced according to the invention are produced low-gloss, coated or uncoated printing paper and board products such as newsprint (Hunter 20-30%) and uncoated fine paper (copying paper, WFU: Hunter ⁇ 30%).
  • matt grades By means of calendering enhanced according to the invention can be produced so-called matt grades. This means especially WFC matt grades (Hunter ⁇ 35%).
  • WFC matt grades Hunter ⁇ 35%).
  • the roll used in the matt run can be loaded separately so that the entire set of rolls will not have to be used in a partial nip run.
  • calendering enhanced according to the invention may also be calendered low- or high-gloss boards.
  • the metal belt loop is preferably incorporated in conjunction with a soft or shoe calender.
  • calendering enhanced according to the invention may also be calendered release paper. It is particularly advantageous to connect the belt loop to a multi-nip calender.
  • the belt loop according to the invention which forms a long preheating or final cooling zone to enhance calendering may thus be connected either to a multi-nip calender (super or OptiLoad or TwinLine) or to a soft/shoe calender.
  • the calendering described may be either precalendering or final calendering.
  • Figure 1 shows diagrammatically some alternatives for positioning the processing apparatus with a metal belt loop on an LWC paper production line
  • Figure 2 shows a diagrammatic side view of an embodiment of the processing apparatus with a metal belt loop
  • Figure 3 shows diagrammatically the felt cleaner of the metal belt loop
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-section of the structure of the felt of the felt cleaner
  • Figure 5 shows the positioning of the felt cleaner with respect to the metal belt to be cleaned
  • Figure 6 shows the washing arrangement of the felt of the felt cleaner
  • Figure 7 shows a steel brush cleaner
  • Figure 8 shows a cleaning beam solution, where the mechanical cleaning means is movable with respect to the beam towards the surface to be cleaned and away from it,
  • Figures 8A and 8B show a cleaning beam solution, where a mechanical cleaning means and suction are used
  • Figure 8C shows a modification of Figures 8A and 8B
  • Figure 9 shows a metal belt cleaner arrangement
  • Figure 10 and 11 show figures in principle of incorporating the metal belt loop in a multi-nip calender
  • Figure 12 shows diagrammatically a Yankee cylinder
  • Figures 13 and 14 show different embodiments of the invention as an apparatus replacing the Yankee cylinder.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a LWC paper production line illustrating the parts of the line from the press section I onwards.
  • the press section is followed by a dryer section II, the end part of which is marked with reference marking III.
  • the dryer section is followed by a precalendering stage IV and then the coating stage V, which is divided into coating head Va and dryer section Vb.
  • the coating head is followed by the final calendering stage VI and last by the final processing stages VII including rolling and slitting.
  • the processing apparatus with the metal belt could conceivably be located, for example, at the points marked with references a, b, c and/or d on an on-line production line for LWC paper.
  • processing apparatus could conceivably be located, for example, in place of the press of the press section I, the end part III of dryer section and/or the precalender IV and/or the final calender VI.
  • Figure 2 shows diagrammatically a processing apparatus with a metal belt loop comprising a calendering belt 2 made of metal which rotates around guide rolls 3, of which guide rolls at least a part are movable for adjusting the belt 2 tension and/or the overlap angle as desired.
  • the calendering belt 2 travels around a roll 5 arranged outside the belt loop, thus forming a calendering zone between the belt 2 and the roll 5.
  • the material web W being calendered travels through the calendering zone, whereby it is subjected to the desired pressure impulse and thermal effect as a function of time.
  • Figure 1 shows in dotted line 9 the shape of the pressure impulse when inside the calendering belt 2 is arranged a nip roll 4 acting as a pressing means, the nip roll pressing the belt against the roll 5, thus forming a higher pressure within the calendering zone of the processing zone.
  • broken line 8 is, on the other hand, illustrated the shape of the pressure impulse when the contact pressure prevailing in the calendering zone is created by belt 2 tension alone, the roll 4 being out of pressing contact with the belt 2 (or when no roll 4 at all is fitted inside the belt 2).
  • the roll 4 may in addition be arranged to be movable for changing the length of the processing zone and/or belt tension. There may also be more than one press roll 4 inside the metal belt loop.
  • the metal belt may also be coated.
  • the nip roll is a shoe roll.
  • Reference numeral 6 denotes heating means, such as an induction heater, an infrared radiator, a gas burner or a capacitive heater.
  • guide rolls 3 are used as internal guide means of the belt loop 2, the said rolls being heatable and having a large diameter, e.g. within the range from 1000 to 2000 mm.
  • the large diameter eliminates metal belt 2 fatigue because the radial bending radius does not allow a fatiguing load with the metal belt thicknesses used.
  • a large guide roll diameter provides the guide roll with high axial rigidity and thus significantly reduces the deflection of the guide roll due to metal belt tension. It is often desirable to heat the metal belt to achieve two-sided calendering during one process stage.
  • the drying cylinders of paper and board machines meet the foregoing demands well.
  • a drying cylinder of a paper/board machine acts as the at least one guide means internally of the metal belt loop, the diameter of the cylinder being about 1000 mm to about 2000 mm.
  • cleaning means for cleaning the processing surface of the metal belt, the cleaning means being selected from a group comprising a felt cleaner, a brush cleaner, cleaning by spraying a washing solution, steam or compressed air under pressure from a washing device, and cleaning based on ultrasonic vibration or other oscillation of the belt.
  • the cleaning devices can be made essentially shorter than the width of the belt and arranged to move in an oscillating manner along a beam or other support structure extending transversely to the belt.
  • the cleaning methods may be divided into three groups: contacting, non- contacting and semi-contacting methods.
  • the felt cleaner 30 shown in Figure 3 is based on a felt 31 travelling around rolls 33, 34 which felt rubs the belt being cleaned when the felt rotates against the belt 2 of the metal belt. If necessary, an additional load shoe 35 may be used to increase compression and contact between the belt and the cleaning felt.
  • the apparatus may be continuously operating or it may be started up when necessary (intermittent).
  • the felt 31 of the felt cleaner may be composed of one layer of felt material or be multi-layered incorporating, for example, a plastic wire or support structure 31b of other material ( Figure 4) to support the felt material 31a.
  • the felt material may be soft felt (e.g. material corresponding to the bottom felt) or abrasive material. An advantage of abrasive material is that it also evens out the belt loop's roughness.
  • the belt cleaning system may be freely located in the belt loop of the calender, but a primary location would be after the nip outlet, as marked with reference numeral 10 in Figure 2, to ensure that the dirt removed will not enter the nip pressing zone. Locating the belt cleaner in an open draw will also dampen the vibration/oscillation of the belt. With respect to the metal belt 2, the cleaner 30 may be located either horizontally against the belt loop or at a certain angle so that the outer edge of the cleaner will extend beyond the edges of the belt, as shown diagrammatically in Figure 5.
  • the felt may be humidified by means of nozzles referred to by reference numeral 32 in Figure 3 either outside or inside the felt loop.
  • a washing function for example, a combined compressed air/water wash, steaming (steam wash/heating of the felt) or solvent wash.
  • the liquid used as detergent may be either volatile or non-volatile, a solvent or other liquid.
  • the washing/humidifying of the felt may be carried out as pool washing, for example, as shown in Figure 6.
  • the washing device or its part is wetted either by directly inclining or turning into a washing trough 37 filled with washing liquid (volatile/non-volatile solvent).
  • the felt may also be washed by means of vibrating methods (e.g. ultrasound). When the felt washing device is in operation, dirt adheres to the washing felt and/or the removed liquid/solid matter is collected into a collection trough 36 under the washing device.
  • the steel brush cleaner 40 shown in Figure 7 rotates either continuously or intermittently while cleaning the metal belt.
  • the cleaner may rotate either independently or with the metal belt loop. Its cleaning effect is based on the abrasive impact of the steel bristles as they rotate. When rotating, the steel brush also grinds possible impurities and/or damage (e.g. grooves) on the metal belt.
  • the steel brush may be located, as the felt washing device, freely on the belt loop of the calender, but the principal location would, however, be after the nip, in accordance with point 10 in Figure 2.
  • the steel brush cleaner may be located horizontally or obliquely with respect to the metal belt loop ( Figure 5). In conjunction with the steel brush cleaner 40 (e.g. combined with the collection trough 41) may also be placed a magnet, which collects metal dust removed from the belt.
  • Figure 8 shows yet another contacting cleaning device 80 comprising a support beam 81, to which are joined two profiles 83, 84 within each other and moving with respect to each other, with an expanding means 85, for example a pneumatic hose, between them.
  • the inner profile 83 moves with respect to the outer profile 84 towards the surface 86 to be cleaned.
  • the cleaning means 82 is attached to the inner profile 83.
  • the cleaning means may be, for example, a rubber moulding, a cord packing, etc.
  • the profiles 83, 84 are preferably of extruded aluminium due to which the need for machining is minimal and manufacturing costs are low compared with, for example, welded structures or structures bent from sheet metal.
  • Aluminium profile can be coated in different ways, thus making possible the use of a cleaning device also in hot, dirty and humid conditions.
  • the surface treatment may be, for example, anodic coating, pulverisation, different types of painting, etc.
  • the small number of parts and simple structure of the device make possible a functional and reliable implementation.
  • the cleaning device can be made relatively small and light by using aluminium profiles.
  • the cleaning pressure can be distributed evenly on account of the pneumatic or hydraulic hose, regardless of defects in the form, such as deflection, of the support beam or surface to be cleaned.
  • the cleaning means can be replaced, for example, by pulling out the profile inside and pushing a new one back after the removal of the locking means at the end, such as a locking pin. Due to the light and compact structure, the device can be made an oscillating one by installing, for example, a linear guide between the cleaning device and the support beam.
  • Figures 8A and 8B describe a cleaning device comprising a beam 120 implemented as a suction box, to which is connected a tube-loaded doctor blade part 121.
  • the beam is turned by means of hydraulic cylinders 124 between a cleaning position, in which the doctor blade settles against the metal belt 2, and a free position in which the doctor blade is at a distance from the surface of the metal belt.
  • the interior of the beam is connected to an external suction source (not shown) through a suction inlet 123 for collecting fine dust.
  • bristles 125 On the upper part of the beam are arranged bristles 125 which prevent the belt from contacting the beam and also improve the suction effect.
  • On the inside of the beam is preferably arranged a magnet 126 for collecting metal particles.
  • FIG. 8C shows a variation of Figures 8A and 8B, where a rotating brush 127, which may be oscillating, has been incorporated inside the beam. This type of brush enhances the cleaning of dents in the belt.
  • the belt loop of the metal belt calender is cleaned by spraying washing solution, steam or compressed air 54 under pressure from a washing device 50 (Figure 9).
  • the solution may be a solvent (volatile or non-volatile), for example water or other washing solution, or for example, dry ice, the cleaning effect of which is based on the thermal shock phenomenon.
  • From the washing device may also be sprayed steam which will heat the metal belt and at the same time detach dirt particles. Compressed air may be used in the same manner.
  • a collection trough 53 which will collect excess humidity and/or a hood 52, the purpose of which is to prevent liquid/drops/steam from spreading into other parts of the apparatus.
  • a suction device for collecting drops/steam.
  • a doctor blade 51 which will dry the surface of the belt (e.g. a plastic blade). The position and manner of location are the same as in the contacting methods.
  • Non-contacting washing methods may be used either intermittently or continuously.
  • the substance being sprayed/injected may also be a solid substance, for example, washing granules that clean the belt.
  • the cleaning of the belt is based on, for example, ultrasonic vibration or other strong oscillation of the belt.
  • the impurities on the belt are detached and can be collected into a collection trough.
  • Figure 10 shows a figure in principle of incorporating a metal belt loop Hl and H2 to the start and end of a multi-nip calender.
  • Belt loop Hl forms a lengthened preheating zone and H2 a lengthened final cooling zone.
  • Wl and W2 illustrate alternative web draws to the calender, and W a route suitable for a matt run.
  • Figure 11 shows an example of a Twin-Line calender with added preheating and cooling metal belt loop H.
  • Figure 12 shows diagrammatically a Yankee cylinder 100, around which the fibrous web W travels.
  • the impression cylinder 101 causes the web to remain in contact with the cylinder 100 surface.
  • Figure 13 shows the use of the processing apparatus with a metal belt loop 102 as an apparatus replacing the Yankee cylinder, preferably as a smoothing apparatus.
  • the metal belt 102 rotates around guide rolls 105, 106.
  • Rolls 103 and 104 form a press nip for bringing the fibrous web W into contact with the metal belt 102.
  • 103a is a press roll which forms a second press nip with the guide roll 106.
  • the apparatus may include a wire loop (not shown) which presses the web W against the metal belt 102.
  • the metal belt loop is arranged to travel around the last drying cylinder 110 in the dryer section and the guide roll 112.
  • the press rolls that press the fibrous web against the metal belt loop 102 are marked with reference numeral 111.
  • the apparatus may include a wire loop (not shown) which presses the web W against the metal belt 102.
  • Reference numeral 113 denotes a pulper.
  • the processing apparatus with a metal belt can replace current precalendering and/or final calendering solutions for all board grades.
  • the board may have the following properties:
  • - grammage may be 100...1000 g/m 2 , typically 120...500 g/m 2
  • the fibre raw material may be recycled or virgin fibre.
  • the coating method may be any one of, for example, the following: blade coating, sizer, curtain coating, spray, or any combination of these in multi-layer coated grades.
  • metal belt precalendering can be combined with metal belt final calendering
  • Metal belt precalendering is preferably carried out in such a way that the board web is led between the thermo roll and the metal belt.
  • the metal belt may also be against a soft roll.
  • Calendering preferably takes place in one stage. Both the metal belt and the thermo roll may be heatable.
  • the metal belt calender can be used as a final calender after the dryer section and/or on the dryer section.
  • Typical process conditions on a metal belt calender are as follows: - contact time with the metal belt 10-1000 ms, preferably 20-40 ms
  • hard or soft roll - metal belt temperature 20-400 0 C preferably 150-200 0 C
  • thermo roll temperature 20-400 0 C, preferably 150-200°C
  • the metal belt final calendering is preferably carried out so that the board web is led between a soft-surface roll and a metal belt. It is also possible to finally calender the board between the thermo roll and the coated metal belt. To obtain even gloss and printing ink absorption, a soft surface must be used on the nip, which adapts to variation in the formation scale. Calendering preferably takes place in two stages. However, if necessary, the metal belt final calendering may also be carried out on a metal-surface thermo roll and a metal-surface belt.
  • Typical process conditions on a metal belt calender include: - one or more processing zones, preferably two
  • thermo roll temperature 20-400°C preferably 150-200 0 C
  • - matt grades can be made with appropriately patterned belt or thermo roll.
  • the metal belt calender By means of the metal belt calender is provided an efficient nip, where it is possible to process both sides of the web on one nip. Furthermore, effective control of unequal sidedness by using heat or humidification.
  • a metal belt calender By means of a metal belt calender it is in addition possible to replace a part of the dryer section or to increase the speed of the board machine. Strength properties are improved in metal belt calendering compared with conventional calendering methods and good large-scale smoothness is obtained compared with a machine calender or soft calender (low Bendtsen roughness).

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de transformation de nappe fibreuse comprenant une courroie métallique en boucle convenant pour différentes opérations dans une machine à papier/carton. Cet appareil de transformation comprend une courroie(2) métallique entraînée en rotation autour d'au moins un organe (3) de guidage. Le rapport entre la longueur de la courroie (2) métallique et sa largeur est supérieur à 0,8, et de préférence supérieur à 1.
EP05775185.1A 2004-09-02 2005-08-24 Appareil de transformation de nappe fibreuse comprenant une courroie metallique en boucle Not-in-force EP1784535B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20045321A FI20045321A (fi) 2004-09-02 2004-09-02 Metallihihnakierrolla varustettu kuiturainan käsittelylaite
PCT/FI2005/050299 WO2006024695A1 (fr) 2004-09-02 2005-08-24 Appareil de transformation de nappe fibreuse comprenant une courroie metallique en boucle

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1784535A1 true EP1784535A1 (fr) 2007-05-16
EP1784535A4 EP1784535A4 (fr) 2012-03-07
EP1784535B1 EP1784535B1 (fr) 2017-10-04

Family

ID=33041600

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05775185.1A Not-in-force EP1784535B1 (fr) 2004-09-02 2005-08-24 Appareil de transformation de nappe fibreuse comprenant une courroie metallique en boucle

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1784535B1 (fr)
FI (1) FI20045321A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006024695A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI120884B (fi) * 2006-02-01 2010-04-15 Metso Paper Inc Menetelmä paperi-/kartonkikoneessa tai jälkikäsittelykoneessa valmistettavan/käsiteltävän kuiturainan pinnan laatuominaisuuksien profiloimiseksi CD-suunnassa sekä hiomalaite paperi-/kartonkikoneen tai jälkikäsittelykoneen metallihihnaa käyttävän laitteen metallihihnan hiomiseksi
FI121433B (fi) * 2006-03-28 2010-11-15 Metso Paper Inc Menetelmä päällystetyn paperin tai kartongin valmistamiseksi
FI122859B (fi) * 2006-05-09 2012-08-15 Metso Paper Inc Menetelmä ja laitteisto paperin/kartongin pintakäsittelemiseksi
FI120408B (fi) * 2006-06-06 2009-10-15 Metso Paper Inc Käsittelylaite päällystetyn tai päällystämättömän kuiturainan käsittelemiseksi
FI20065447L (fi) * 2006-06-28 2007-12-29 Metso Paper Inc Paperi- tai kartonkikoneen puristinosa
DE102008000021A1 (de) 2008-01-09 2009-07-16 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren zur Reduzierung des Verschleißes eines endlos umlaufenden Bandes in einer Maschine zur Herstellung von Faserstoffbahnen und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung einer Faserstoffbahn
DE102008040247A1 (de) 2008-07-08 2010-01-14 Voith Patent Gmbh Bandkalender
DE102010029617A1 (de) * 2010-06-02 2011-12-08 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gestrichenen, mehrlagigen Faserstoffbahn
DE102011076622A1 (de) 2011-05-27 2012-11-29 Metso Paper, Inc. Behandlungsvorrichtung für eine faserstoffbahn, insbesondere papier- oder kartonbahn, sowie ein verfahren zum behandeln einer faserstoffbahn
DE102011081427A1 (de) 2011-08-23 2013-02-28 Metso Paper, Inc. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer Faserbahn
DE102011082238A1 (de) 2011-09-07 2013-03-07 Metso Paper, Inc. Vorrichtung zum Reinigen eines Bands
DE202012004002U1 (de) 2012-04-24 2012-07-03 Metso Paper, Inc. Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung einer Faserbahn
EP2682521A1 (fr) * 2012-07-04 2014-01-08 Metso Paper Inc. Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement d'une feuille fibreuse
DE102012216579A1 (de) 2012-09-17 2014-03-20 Metso Paper, Inc. Vorrichtung zum Behandeln einer Faserbahn
DE102012219518A1 (de) 2012-10-25 2014-04-30 Metso Paper, Inc. Vorrichtung zum Behandeln einer Faserbahn
WO2016000892A1 (fr) * 2014-07-02 2016-01-07 Voith Patent Gmbh Procédé de production de carton pour liquide, dispositif de production de carton pour liquide et carton pour liquide selon ce procédé

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001071091A1 (fr) * 2000-03-22 2001-09-27 Metso Paper, Inc. Calandre a plusieurs rouleaux et dispositif de calandrage
WO2003064764A1 (fr) * 2002-01-29 2003-08-07 Metso Paper, Inc. Dispositif de traitement pour traiter une bande fibreuse couchee ou non couchee
WO2003064762A1 (fr) * 2002-01-29 2003-08-07 Metso Paper, Inc. Dispositif de traitement et procede d'exploitation du dispositif pour traiter une bande fibreuse couchee ou non couchee
EP1357225A1 (fr) * 2002-04-23 2003-10-29 Voith Paper Patent GmbH Procédé pour traiter un matériau en bande et calandre

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI102305B1 (fi) * 1997-04-02 1998-11-13 Valmet Corp Kalanterointimenetelmä ja menetelmää soveltava kalanteri

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001071091A1 (fr) * 2000-03-22 2001-09-27 Metso Paper, Inc. Calandre a plusieurs rouleaux et dispositif de calandrage
WO2003064764A1 (fr) * 2002-01-29 2003-08-07 Metso Paper, Inc. Dispositif de traitement pour traiter une bande fibreuse couchee ou non couchee
WO2003064762A1 (fr) * 2002-01-29 2003-08-07 Metso Paper, Inc. Dispositif de traitement et procede d'exploitation du dispositif pour traiter une bande fibreuse couchee ou non couchee
EP1357225A1 (fr) * 2002-04-23 2003-10-29 Voith Paper Patent GmbH Procédé pour traiter un matériau en bande et calandre

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2006024695A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20045321A0 (fi) 2004-09-02
WO2006024695A1 (fr) 2006-03-09
EP1784535B1 (fr) 2017-10-04
EP1784535A4 (fr) 2012-03-07
FI20045321A (fi) 2006-03-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1784535B1 (fr) Appareil de transformation de nappe fibreuse comprenant une courroie metallique en boucle
KR101020163B1 (ko) 처리장치와 코팅 또는 미코팅 섬유웨브를 처리하기 위한 장치를 작동하는 방법
EP1470289B1 (fr) Calandre pour traiter une nappe fibreuse enduite ou non enduite
US9322135B2 (en) Method for producing fiber webs and production line for producing fiber webs
EP1285127B1 (fr) Procede de calandrage d'une bande de carton
EP2682520B1 (fr) Procédé de production d'une bande fibreuse et ligne de production d'une bande fibreuse
EP1492921A2 (fr) Procede d'amelioration du lisse
JP4761770B2 (ja) 好ましくは紙またはボール紙でできた材料シートを処理し、任意でその処理の前に材料のシートを製造する、非接触適用デバイスと材料平滑化デバイスとを含む機械
EP3012371A1 (fr) Procédé de traitement d'une bande de matière fibreuse et calandre de pour traiter une bande de matière fibreuse
WO2000055424A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif permettant de fabriquer du papier couche, et papier couche
EP1817461B1 (fr) Procede de fabrication d'un papier/carton encolle en surface
US9133580B2 (en) Method for modernizing a multiroll calender, in particular for modernizing a supercalender and a modernized multiroll calender, in particular a modernized supercalender
WO2009077643A1 (fr) Calandre à bande métallique
WO2007128867A1 (fr) Procédé et appareil pour traiter une surface en papier / en carton
WO2001032982A1 (fr) Dispositif de calandrage pour machine a papier
WO2007110472A1 (fr) Procédé et appareil de fabrication de papier ou de carton couché
Holik et al. Paper and board manufacturing
WO2009147285A1 (fr) Procede de manipulation d’une bande fibreuse dans une calandre a courroie metallique et dispositif permettant la mise en œuvre de ce procede
EP2808444B1 (fr) Arrangement de calandre
WO2012059635A2 (fr) Procédé et appareil de collage en surface de bande fibreuse
EP2682521A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour le traitement d'une feuille fibreuse

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20070301

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: TORVI, TIMO

Inventor name: SUOMI, EERO

Inventor name: MARTIKAINEN, KARI

Inventor name: KIRVESMAEKI, MARKKU

Inventor name: HASANEN, KARI

Inventor name: LEPPAENEN, MATTI

Inventor name: LEHTO, TONY

Inventor name: VILJANMAA, MIKA

Inventor name: KYTOENEN, PAULI

Inventor name: LEPOLA, MARIA

Inventor name: PIETIKAEINEN, REIJO

Inventor name: VAITTINEN, HENRI

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20120202

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: D21G 1/00 20060101AFI20120127BHEP

Ipc: D21F 3/02 20060101ALI20120127BHEP

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: VALMET TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: D21G 1/00 20060101AFI20170308BHEP

Ipc: D21F 3/02 20060101ALI20170308BHEP

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20170327

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 934159

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20171015

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602005052848

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20171004

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180105

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180104

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180204

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602005052848

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20180705

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20180824

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180824

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180831

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180831

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20180831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180831

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180824

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20050824

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171004

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180824

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Payment date: 20210820

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20210820

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20210819

Year of fee payment: 17

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: UEP

Ref document number: 934159

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20171004

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602005052848

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 934159

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20220824

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220824

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220824

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230301