EP1776487B1 - High-strength, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant cast iron material - Google Patents

High-strength, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant cast iron material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1776487B1
EP1776487B1 EP05747731A EP05747731A EP1776487B1 EP 1776487 B1 EP1776487 B1 EP 1776487B1 EP 05747731 A EP05747731 A EP 05747731A EP 05747731 A EP05747731 A EP 05747731A EP 1776487 B1 EP1776487 B1 EP 1776487B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
max
cast iron
compression ring
ring according
iron material
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EP05747731A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1776487A1 (en
Inventor
Steffen Hoppe
Wilfried Langner
Thomas Gerle
Laszlo Pelsoeczy
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Federal Mogul Burscheid GmbH
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Federal Mogul Burscheid GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/006—Graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009—Pearlite

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to piston rings which have a base material of a cast iron material.
  • the present invention relates to piston rings comprising as a base body a cast iron material comprising needle-like ferrite with certain proportions of austenite, martensite and / or perlite.
  • Cast iron materials can be in various microstructures that can be adjusted by using specific composition and / or process parameters.
  • a cast iron material having a bainitic to martensitic base structure produced by a heat treatment is disclosed, for example, in US Pat DE 24 28 821 A described.
  • the basic structure contains lamellar to nodular graphite precipitates to provide runflat properties.
  • a process for producing a pearlitic and / or ferritic cast iron is disclosed in US patent no US 3,565,698 described.
  • the starting material is mixed with molten metal in the melt and poured into a blank.
  • the blank after annealing is annealed at a temperature in the range of 900 ° C and 1050 ° C to dissolve the cementite to produce a black malleable cast iron.
  • the annealing time can be reduced by adding sulfur in a significant amount to the starting material.
  • the US 5,972,128 discloses a piston ring made of a cast iron material containing martensite and / or bainite in addition to carbides and graphite.
  • This cast iron material contains, among other things, 0.5 to 1.2% molybdenum.
  • Cast iron or cast iron alloys are commonly used to make highly stressed parts of internal combustion engines, such as piston rings. Piston rings are subject to an increasing load in highly stressed engines, such as compression pressure, combustion temperature, reduction of lubricating film, which significantly influence their functional properties such as wear, fire resistance, microwelding, and corrosion resistance.
  • Piston rings seal the gap between the piston head and the cylinder wall with respect to the combustion chamber.
  • the piston piston ring slides on the one hand with its outer peripheral surface in constant resilient engagement against the cylinder wall, on the other hand slides the piston ring, due to the tilting movements of the piston, oscillating in its Kolbenringnut, with its edges alternately at the top or bottom Abut groove flank of the piston ring groove.
  • sliding against each other occurs depending on the material, a more or less severe wear that can lead to so-called munching, scoring and finally to a destruction of the engine in a dry run.
  • Compression rings in high-stress engines such as diesel engines or 2-stroke diesel engines, for example, preferably as cast piston rings with a tread coating, such as chrome-ceramic coating, thermal sprayed layer, PVD layer or inlet layer, designed.
  • a cast iron material for piston rings which has a specific chemical composition and is subjected to a heat treatment
  • the austenizing treatment, followed by an isothermal Hardening process includes.
  • a spherulitic material is obtained.
  • the cast iron material must have a matrix of pearlite with small amounts of ferrite for optimum heat treatment. Although such a heat treatment can improve the mechanical properties of cast iron materials, the cost of the heat treatment makes the product more expensive.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a piston ring, which has a reduced risk of breakage and guarantees the increased functional performance over long lifetimes with increased mechanical-dynamic load.
  • a piston ring which comprises a cast iron material having a matrix comprising needle-like ferrite and / or martensite with proportions of austenite and / or pearlite.
  • the matrix has phase components which are adjusted in the matrix structure such that a phase mixture comprises> 65% needle-like ferrite, ⁇ 5% austenite, ⁇ 10% martensite, ⁇ 10% perlite and ⁇ 7% carbides.
  • the ferrite can be cementite-free needle-like ferrite or cemented needle-like ferrite and mixtures thereof.
  • the cast iron material for the piston ring according to the invention has the following chemical composition in wt .-%: carbon 3.0 to 4.2; Silicon 1.0 to 3.5; Manganese max. 1.0; Phosphorus max. 0.4; Sulfur max. 0.1; Chrome max. 5.0; Copper max. 3.0; Magnesium max. 0.08; Tin max. 0.3; Molybdenum max. 0.08; Vanadium max. 1.0, nickel 1.0 to 6.0; Remaining iron and manufacturing impurities.
  • This cast iron material is characterized in particular by a high corrosion resistance, wear resistance and bending strength.
  • the cast iron material according to the invention has excellent toughness, which has a particularly positive effect on the tendency to fracture.
  • the cast iron material has the following composition in weight percent: carbon 3.0 to 4.0; Silicon 1.0 to 3.0; Manganese max. 1.0; Phosphorus max. 0.3; Sulfur max. 0.05; Chrome max. 0.5; Copper 0.5 to 3.0; Magnesium max. 0.08; Tin max. 0.25; Vanadium max. 0.1, molybdenum max. 0.08; Nickel 1.0 to 4.0; Remaining iron and manufacturing impurities.
  • the properties of the cast iron material for the piston ring according to the invention can furthermore be specifically controlled, in which the type of graphite formation present in the material is varied in a spherulitic and / or vermicullary or lamellar manner.
  • Vermicular graphite is "worm-shaped" graphite, which lies in its morphology between lamellar graphite and nodular graphite and is generally abbreviated to GJV. Due to the vermicular graphite formation, the properties differ substantially from the ferrite / pearlite ratio in the basic structure and from the proportion of the accompanying spheroidal graphite. Usually 80-90% vermicular graphite are used here, the rest is made of spheroidal graphite. GJV is therefore suitable for thermally stressed, in particular temperature-cycled components such as piston rings.
  • Cast iron with spherolitic or "spherical” graphite formation is also known as GJS.
  • GJS Cast iron with spherolitic or "spherical” graphite formation
  • a lamellargraphitic cast iron material has a very good coefficient of thermal conductivity and a very good damping, while a spherulitic cast iron material has the advantage of a significantly reduced notch effect and significantly higher tensile strength and ductility.
  • a vermicular graphitic cast iron material has higher Strength properties than other graphite formations.
  • a graphite transfer to a cast iron material with vermicular graphite formation (GJV) or spherulitic graphite formation (GJS) can be achieved, for example, by a Mg treatment, as known from the prior art. Examples of modification methods are GF (Georg Fischer) converter, sandwich, flow, cored wire injection treatment.
  • the cast iron material may further contain an element selected from the group consisting of titanium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, boron, tellurium or bismuth or combinations thereof, in particular in an amount of up to 0.1% by weight. Such elements easily form carbides and improve wear resistance.
  • the cast iron material may contain an additive which is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, antimony, calcium, strontium, aluminum, lanthanum, cerium, rare earth metals or combinations thereof, preferably in an amount of up to 0.1% by weight. , Rare earth metals.
  • These elements and additives can be impurities due to production or can be added to the melt during the process for producing the cast iron material for the piston ring according to the invention.
  • the cast iron material may contain lead, zinc, nitrogen and other ingredients not explicitly mentioned in an amount of up to 0.1 wt .-%.
  • the proportion of starting materials, constituents, ingredients, elements, additives can be adjusted by various methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the chemical composition is adjusted in particular depending on the casting module.
  • the piston rings may also be partially or wholly, inductively hardened, nitrided or coated on their running surfaces and / or their flank surfaces.
  • the contents of nickel, copper, tin and chrome have a positive influence on the corrosion resistance of the material. This is particularly important in 2-stroke engines because the piston rings are exposed to aggressive media there, therefore the cast iron material according to the invention is ideally suited as a basic structure for a piston ring.
  • a melt is first prepared.
  • the melt preferably has the following composition in weight percent: carbon 3.0 to 4.2; Silicon 1.0 to 3.5; Manganese max. 1.0; Phosphorus max. 0.4; Sulfur max. 0.1; Chrome max. 5.0; Copper max. 3.0; Magnesium max. 0.08; Tin max. 0.3; Vanadium max. 1.0, molybdenum max. 0.08; Nickel 1.0 to 6.0; Remaining iron and manufacturing impurities.
  • a blank is produced with solidification of the melt.
  • the blank may then be further processed into a piston ring according to methods known in the art.
  • the method for producing the cast iron material is carried out without further heat treatment. For larger dimensions (Mo 1.5 cm), no additional heat treatment is required. For smaller dimensions, additional tempering may be necessary, but annealing is no longer necessary. The tempering is then optionally at temperatures of ⁇ 700 ° C.
  • Fig. 1 shows the cast structure of a cast iron material according to the invention in a magnification of 500: 1, which has been etched with Nital 2%.
  • the basic structure consists of approx. 60% needle-like cement-rich and cementite-free ferrite, approx. 20% perlite, approx. 10% martensite, ⁇ 3% austenite and ⁇ 7% carbides.
  • the mechanical Characteristics of the piston ring are as follows: The hardness is 320HB2.5, the bending strength is> 1100 MPa, whereby the exact bending strength is difficult to determine due to the high ductility of the material.
  • the cast structure of the cast material shown in the example, which has been etched with Nital 2%, is in Fig. 1 shown in a magnification of 500: 1.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Kolbenringe, die als Grundkörper einen Gusseisenwerkstoff aufweisen. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft insbesondere Kolbenringe, die als Grundkörper einen Gusseisenwerkstoff aufweisen, der nadeligen Ferrit mit bestimmten Anteilen aus Austenit, Martensit und/oder Perlit umfasst.The present invention relates to piston rings which have a base material of a cast iron material. In particular, the present invention relates to piston rings comprising as a base body a cast iron material comprising needle-like ferrite with certain proportions of austenite, martensite and / or perlite.

Gusseisenwerkstoffe können in verschiedenen Mikrostrukturen vorliegen, die durch Verwendung spezieller Zusammensetzungs- und/oder Verfahrensparameter eingestellt werden können.Cast iron materials can be in various microstructures that can be adjusted by using specific composition and / or process parameters.

Ein Gusseisenwerkstoff, der ein bainitisches bis martensitisches Grundgefüge aufweist, das durch eine Wärmebehandlung erzeugt ist, wird beispielsweise in der DE 24 28 821 A beschrieben. In dem Grundgefüge sind lamellare bis knötchenförmige Graphitausscheidungen enthalten, um Notlaufeigenschaften zu gewährleisten.A cast iron material having a bainitic to martensitic base structure produced by a heat treatment is disclosed, for example, in US Pat DE 24 28 821 A described. The basic structure contains lamellar to nodular graphite precipitates to provide runflat properties.

Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines perlitischen und/oder ferritischen Gusseisens wird in der US 3,565,698 beschrieben. Hier wird das Ausgangsmaterial in der Schmelze mit Mischmetall versetzt und zu einem Rohling gegossen. Der Rohling wird nach dem Gießen bei einer Temperatur in einem Bereich von 900 °C und 1050 °C geglüht, um den Zementit in Lösung zu setzen, um einen schwarzen Temperguss zu erzeugen. Wie in der US 3,000,770 beschrieben wird, kann die Glühzeit durch das Zugeben von Schwefel in einer bedeutenden Menge zu dem Ausgangsmaterial reduziert werden.A process for producing a pearlitic and / or ferritic cast iron is disclosed in US patent no US 3,565,698 described. Here, the starting material is mixed with molten metal in the melt and poured into a blank. The blank after annealing is annealed at a temperature in the range of 900 ° C and 1050 ° C to dissolve the cementite to produce a black malleable cast iron. Like in the US 3,000,770 described, the annealing time can be reduced by adding sulfur in a significant amount to the starting material.

Die US 5,972,128 offenbart einen Kolbenring aus einem Gusseisenwerkstoff, der neben Karbiden und Graphit Martensit und/oder Bainit enthält. Dieser Gusseisenwerkstoff enthält u.a. 0,5 bis 1,2 % Molybdän.The US 5,972,128 discloses a piston ring made of a cast iron material containing martensite and / or bainite in addition to carbides and graphite. This cast iron material contains, among other things, 0.5 to 1.2% molybdenum.

Gusseisenwerkstoffe bzw. Gusseisenlegierungen werden gewöhnlich zur Herstellung hoch beanspruchter Teile von Verbrennungskraftmotoren, wie beispielsweise Kolbenringe, verwendet. Kolbenringe unterliegen in hochbeanspruchten Motoren einer zunehmenden Belastung, wie beispielsweise Kompressionsdruck, Verbrennungstemperatur, Schmierfilmreduzierung, die deren Funktionseigenschaften wie Verschleiß, Brandspurbeständigkeit, Microwelding, Korrosionsbeständigkeit maßgeblich beeinflussen.Cast iron or cast iron alloys are commonly used to make highly stressed parts of internal combustion engines, such as piston rings. Piston rings are subject to an increasing load in highly stressed engines, such as compression pressure, combustion temperature, reduction of lubricating film, which significantly influence their functional properties such as wear, fire resistance, microwelding, and corrosion resistance.

Kolbenringe dichten den zwischen Kolbenkopf und Zylinderwand vorhandenen Spalt gegenüber dem Brennraum ab. Bei der Auf- und Abbewegung des Kolbens gleitet der Kolbenring einerseits mit seiner äußeren Umfangsfläche in ständiger federnder Anlage gegen die Zylinderwand, andererseits gleitet der Kolbenring, bedingt durch die Kippbewegungen des Kolbens, oszillierend in seiner Kolbenringnut, wobei seine Flanken wechselnd an der oberen oder unteren Nutenflanke der Kolbenringnut anliegen. Bei den jeweils gegeneinander laufenden Gleitpartnern tritt in Abhängigkeit des Materials ein mehr oder weniger starker Verschleiß auf, der bei einem Trockenlauf zu sogenannten Fressern, Riefenbildung und schließlich zu einer Zerstörung des Motors führen kann. Um das Gleitverhalten von Kolbenringen gegenüber der Zylinderwand zu verbessern, wurden diese an deren Umfangsfläche mit Beschichtungen aus unterschiedlichen Materialien versehen.Piston rings seal the gap between the piston head and the cylinder wall with respect to the combustion chamber. In the up and down movement of the piston piston ring slides on the one hand with its outer peripheral surface in constant resilient engagement against the cylinder wall, on the other hand slides the piston ring, due to the tilting movements of the piston, oscillating in its Kolbenringnut, with its edges alternately at the top or bottom Abut groove flank of the piston ring groove. In each case sliding against each other occurs depending on the material, a more or less severe wear that can lead to so-called munching, scoring and finally to a destruction of the engine in a dry run. In order to improve the sliding behavior of piston rings relative to the cylinder wall, they were provided on the peripheral surface with coatings of different materials.

Kompressionsringe in hoch beanspruchten Motoren, wie beispielsweise Dieselmotoren oder 2-Takt Dieselmotoren, werden beispielsweise bevorzugt als Gusskolbenringe mit einer Laufflächenbeschichtung, beispielsweise Chrom-Keramik-Beschichtung, thermische Spritzschicht, PVD-Schicht oder Einlaufschicht, ausgelegt.Compression rings in high-stress engines, such as diesel engines or 2-stroke diesel engines, for example, preferably as cast piston rings with a tread coating, such as chrome-ceramic coating, thermal sprayed layer, PVD layer or inlet layer, designed.

Weiterhin ist in der EP 1 384 794 A1 ein Gusseisenwerkstoff für Kolbenringe beschrieben, der eine spezifische chemische Zusammensetzung aufweist und einer Wärmebehandlung unterworfen wird, die eine Austenisierungsbehandlung, gefolgt von einem isothermalen Härtungsverfahren, umfasst. Durch den Einsatz von Kugelgraphit-bildenden Zusätzen wird ein sphärolitischer Werkstoff erhalten. Bei Kolbenringen muss der Gusseisenwerkstoff eine Matrix aus Perlit mit geringen Anteilen von Ferrit aufweisen, um eine optimale Wärmebehandlung zu erfahren. Durch eine derartige Wärmebehandlung können zwar die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Gusseisenwerkstoffen verbessert werden, aber die Kosten der Wärmebehandlung verteuern das Produkt.Furthermore, in the EP 1 384 794 A1 described a cast iron material for piston rings, which has a specific chemical composition and is subjected to a heat treatment, the austenizing treatment, followed by an isothermal Hardening process, includes. Through the use of spheroidal graphite-forming additives, a spherulitic material is obtained. For piston rings, the cast iron material must have a matrix of pearlite with small amounts of ferrite for optimum heat treatment. Although such a heat treatment can improve the mechanical properties of cast iron materials, the cost of the heat treatment makes the product more expensive.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Kolbenring bereitzustellen, der ein vermindertes Bruchrisiko aufweist und bei gestiegener mechanisch-dynamischer Belastung das weitere Funktionsverhalten über lange Lebensdauern garantiert.Object of the present invention is to provide a piston ring, which has a reduced risk of breakage and guarantees the increased functional performance over long lifetimes with increased mechanical-dynamic load.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch Kolbenring gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.According to the invention the object is achieved by piston ring according to claim 1.

In den Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung enthalten.In the subclaims advantageous embodiments of the invention are included.

Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Kolbenring bereitgestellt, welcher einen Gusseisenwerkstoff umfasst, der eine Matrix aufweist, die nadeligen Ferrit und/oder Martensit mit Anteilen aus Austenit und/oder Perlit umfasst. Insbesondere weist die Matrix Phasenanteile auf, die im Matrixgefüge derart eingestellt sind, dass ein Phasengemisch > 65 % nadeligen Ferrit, < 5 % Austenit, < 10 % Martensit, < 10 % Perlit und < 7 % Karbide umfasst. Bei dem Ferrit kann es sich dabei um zementitfreien nadeligen Ferrit oder zementithaltigen nadeligen Ferrit und deren Mischungen handeln.According to the invention, a piston ring is provided which comprises a cast iron material having a matrix comprising needle-like ferrite and / or martensite with proportions of austenite and / or pearlite. In particular, the matrix has phase components which are adjusted in the matrix structure such that a phase mixture comprises> 65% needle-like ferrite, <5% austenite, <10% martensite, <10% perlite and <7% carbides. The ferrite can be cementite-free needle-like ferrite or cemented needle-like ferrite and mixtures thereof.

Der Gusseisenwerkstoff für den erfindungsgemäßen Kolbenring weist die folgende chemische Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% auf: Kohlenstoff 3,0 bis 4,2; Silizium 1,0 bis 3,5; Mangan max. 1,0; Phosphor max. 0,4; Schwefel max. 0,1; Chrom max. 5,0; Kupfer max. 3,0; Magnesium max. 0,08; Zinn max. 0,3; Molybdän max. 0,08; Vanadium max. 1,0, Nickel 1,0 bis 6,0; Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen. Dieser Gusseisenwerkstoff zeichnet sich insbesondere durch eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit, Verschleißbeständigkeit und Biegebruchfestigkeit aus. Gleichzeitig verfügt der erfindungsgemäße Gusseisenwerkstoff über eine hervorragende Zähigkeit, was sich insbesondere positiv auf die Bruchneigung auswirkt.The cast iron material for the piston ring according to the invention has the following chemical composition in wt .-%: carbon 3.0 to 4.2; Silicon 1.0 to 3.5; Manganese max. 1.0; Phosphorus max. 0.4; Sulfur max. 0.1; Chrome max. 5.0; Copper max. 3.0; Magnesium max. 0.08; Tin max. 0.3; Molybdenum max. 0.08; Vanadium max. 1.0, nickel 1.0 to 6.0; Remaining iron and manufacturing impurities. This cast iron material is characterized in particular by a high corrosion resistance, wear resistance and bending strength. At the same time, the cast iron material according to the invention has excellent toughness, which has a particularly positive effect on the tendency to fracture.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist der Gusseisenwerkstoff die folgende Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% auf: Kohlenstoff 3,0 bis 4,0; Silizium 1,0 bis 3,0; Mangan max. 1,0; Phosphor max. 0,3; Schwefel max. 0,05; Chrom max. 0,5; Kupfer 0,5 bis 3,0; Magnesium max. 0,08; Zinn max. 0,25; Vanadium max. 0,1, Molybdän max. 0,08; Nickel 1,0 bis 4,0; Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen.In a preferred embodiment, the cast iron material has the following composition in weight percent: carbon 3.0 to 4.0; Silicon 1.0 to 3.0; Manganese max. 1.0; Phosphorus max. 0.3; Sulfur max. 0.05; Chrome max. 0.5; Copper 0.5 to 3.0; Magnesium max. 0.08; Tin max. 0.25; Vanadium max. 0.1, molybdenum max. 0.08; Nickel 1.0 to 4.0; Remaining iron and manufacturing impurities.

Die Eigenschaften des Gusseisenwerkstoffs für den erfindungsgemäßen Kolbenring können weiterhin spezifisch gesteuert werden, in dem die Art der im Werkstoff vorliegenden Graphitausbildung sphärolitisch und/ oder vermicullar oder lamellar variiert wird.The properties of the cast iron material for the piston ring according to the invention can furthermore be specifically controlled, in which the type of graphite formation present in the material is varied in a spherulitic and / or vermicullary or lamellar manner.

Vermiculargraphit ist "wurmförmiger" Graphit, welcher in seiner Morphologie zwischen Lamellengraphit und Kugelgraphit liegt und wird im allgemeinen mit GJV abgekürzt. Aufgrund der vermicularen Graphitausbildung weichen die Eigenschaften im wesentlichen vom Ferrit-/Perlit-Verhältnis im Grundgefüge sowie vom Anteil des begleitenden Kugelgraphits ab. Üblich sind hier 80-90% Vermiculargraphit, der Rest besteht aus Kugelgraphit. GJV eignet sich daher für thermisch beanspruchte, insbesondere temperaturwechselbeanspruchte Bauteile wie Kolbenringe.Vermicular graphite is "worm-shaped" graphite, which lies in its morphology between lamellar graphite and nodular graphite and is generally abbreviated to GJV. Due to the vermicular graphite formation, the properties differ substantially from the ferrite / pearlite ratio in the basic structure and from the proportion of the accompanying spheroidal graphite. Usually 80-90% vermicular graphite are used here, the rest is made of spheroidal graphite. GJV is therefore suitable for thermally stressed, in particular temperature-cycled components such as piston rings.

Gusseisen mit sphärolitischer bzw. "kugelförmiger" Graphitausbildung ist auch als GJS bekannt. Bei diesem Werkstoff ist der Hauptanteil des Kohlenstoffs im Gusszustand in Form von Kugelgraphit ausgeschieden.Cast iron with spherolitic or "spherical" graphite formation is also known as GJS. In this material, the majority of the carbon in the casting state in the form of nodular graphite precipitated.

Bei Gusseisenwerkstoffen mit lamellarer Graphitausbildung wird der Hauptanteil des Kohlenstoffes im Gusszustand in Form von Lamellen ausgeschieden. Ein derartiger Werkstoff ist auch als GJL bekannt.In cast iron materials with lamellar graphite formation, the majority of the carbon in the cast state is precipitated in the form of lamellae. Such a material is also known as GJL.

Ein lamellargraphitischer Gusseisenwerkstoff weist einen sehr guten Wärmeleitkoeffizienten und eine sehr gute Dämpfung auf, während ein sphärolitischer Gusseisenwerkstoff den Vorteil einer deutlich geminderten Kerbwirkung und deutlich höheren Zugfestigkeit und Duktilität aufweist. Ein vermiculargraphitischer Gusseisenwerkstoff weist höhere Festigkeitseigenschaften als andere Graphitausbildungen auf. Natürlich ist es möglich, einen Gusseisenwerkstoff mit verschiedenen Graphitausbildungen alleine sowie als Gemisch bereitzustellen. Verfahren sind dem Fachmann bekannt. Eine Graphitüberführung zu einem Gusseisenwerkstoff mit vermicularer Graphitausbildung (GJV) oder sphärolitischer Graphitausbildung (GJS) kann beispielsweise durch eine Mg-Behandlung, wie aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist, erreicht werden. Beispiele für Modifikationsverfahren sind GF(Georg-Fischer)-Konverter, Sandwich, Durchfluss, Fülldraht-Injektionsbehandlung.A lamellargraphitic cast iron material has a very good coefficient of thermal conductivity and a very good damping, while a spherulitic cast iron material has the advantage of a significantly reduced notch effect and significantly higher tensile strength and ductility. A vermicular graphitic cast iron material has higher Strength properties than other graphite formations. Of course, it is possible to provide a cast iron material with various graphite formations alone as well as a mixture. Methods are known in the art. A graphite transfer to a cast iron material with vermicular graphite formation (GJV) or spherulitic graphite formation (GJS) can be achieved, for example, by a Mg treatment, as known from the prior art. Examples of modification methods are GF (Georg Fischer) converter, sandwich, flow, cored wire injection treatment.

Der Gusseisenwerkstoff kann weiterhin ein Element enthalten, das ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Titan, Niob, Tantal, Wolfram, Bor, Tellur oder Bismut oder deren Kombinationen, insbesondere in einer Menge von bis zu 0,1 Gew.-%. Derartige Elemente bilden leicht Karbide und verbessern die Verschleißbeständigkeit. Weiterhin kann der Gusseisenwerkstoff einen Zusatzstoff enthalten, der ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Kobalt, Antimon, Calcium, Strontium, Aluminium, Lanthan, Cer, Seltenerdmetallen oder deren Kombinationen, bevorzugt in einer Menge von bis zu 0,1 Gew.-%. Seltenerdmetalle. Diese Elemente und Zusatzstoffe können herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen sein oder während des Verfahrens zur Herstellung des Gusseisenwerkstoffs für den erfindungsgemäßen Kolbenring zu der Schmelze zugegeben werden.The cast iron material may further contain an element selected from the group consisting of titanium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, boron, tellurium or bismuth or combinations thereof, in particular in an amount of up to 0.1% by weight. Such elements easily form carbides and improve wear resistance. Furthermore, the cast iron material may contain an additive which is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, antimony, calcium, strontium, aluminum, lanthanum, cerium, rare earth metals or combinations thereof, preferably in an amount of up to 0.1% by weight. , Rare earth metals. These elements and additives can be impurities due to production or can be added to the melt during the process for producing the cast iron material for the piston ring according to the invention.

Weiterhin kann der Gusseisenwerkstoff Blei, Zink, Stickstoff und weitere nicht explizit genannte Inhaltsstoffe in einer Menge von bis zu 0,1 Gew.-% enthalten. Der Anteil an Ausgangsmaterialien, Bestandteilen, Inhaltstoffen, Elementen, Zusatzstoffen kann durch verschiedene, dem Fachmann bekannte Verfahren eingestellt werden. Die chemische Zusammensetzung wird insbesondere in Abhängigkeit vom Gussstückmodul eingestellt.Furthermore, the cast iron material may contain lead, zinc, nitrogen and other ingredients not explicitly mentioned in an amount of up to 0.1 wt .-%. The proportion of starting materials, constituents, ingredients, elements, additives can be adjusted by various methods known to the person skilled in the art. The chemical composition is adjusted in particular depending on the casting module.

Zur Verbesserung der Verschleißfestigkeit können die Kolbenringe ebenfalls teil- oder ganzflächig, an ihren Laufflächen und/oder ihren Flankenflächen induktiv gehärtet, nitriert oder beschichtet sein. Durch die Gehalte an Nickel, Kupfer, Zinn und Chrom wird die Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Werkstoffs positiv beeinflusst. Dies ist insbesondere bei 2-Takt Motoren wichtig, weil die Kolbenringe dort aggressiven Medienausgesetzt sind, deshalb ist der erfindungsgemäße Gusseisenwerkstoff bestens als Grundstruktur für einen Kolbenring geeignet.To improve the wear resistance, the piston rings may also be partially or wholly, inductively hardened, nitrided or coated on their running surfaces and / or their flank surfaces. The contents of nickel, copper, tin and chrome have a positive influence on the corrosion resistance of the material. This is particularly important in 2-stroke engines because the piston rings are exposed to aggressive media there, therefore the cast iron material according to the invention is ideally suited as a basic structure for a piston ring.

Bei dem Verfahren zur Herstellung des Gusseisenwerkstoffs für den erfindungsgemäßen Kolbering wird zuerst eine Schmelze hergestellt. Die Schmelze weist bevorzugt die folgende Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% auf: Kohlenstoff 3,0 bis 4,2; Silizium 1,0 bis 3,5; Mangan max. 1,0; Phosphor max. 0,4; Schwefel max. 0,1; Chrom max. 5,0; Kupfer max. 3,0; Magnesium max. 0,08; Zinn max. 0,3; Vanadium max. 1,0, Molybdän max. 0,08; Nickel 1,0 bis 6,0; Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen. Anschließend wird ein Rohling unter Erstarrung der Schmelze hergestellt.In the method for producing the cast iron material for the Kolbering invention, a melt is first prepared. The melt preferably has the following composition in weight percent: carbon 3.0 to 4.2; Silicon 1.0 to 3.5; Manganese max. 1.0; Phosphorus max. 0.4; Sulfur max. 0.1; Chrome max. 5.0; Copper max. 3.0; Magnesium max. 0.08; Tin max. 0.3; Vanadium max. 1.0, molybdenum max. 0.08; Nickel 1.0 to 6.0; Remaining iron and manufacturing impurities. Subsequently, a blank is produced with solidification of the melt.

Der Rohling kann dann gemäß im Stand der Technik bekannten Methoden zu einem Kolbenring weiterverarbeitet werden.The blank may then be further processed into a piston ring according to methods known in the art.

Das Verfahren zur Herstellung des Gusseisenwerkstoffs erfolgt ohne weitere Wärmebehandlung. Bei größeren Abmessungen (Mo 1,5 cm) ist keine zusätzliche Wärmebehandlung erforderlich. Bei kleineren Abmessungen kann ein zusätzliches Anlassen nötig sein, aber ein Vergüten ist nicht mehr notwendig. Das Anlassen erfolgt dann gegebenenfalls bei Temperaturen von < 700 °C.The method for producing the cast iron material is carried out without further heat treatment. For larger dimensions (Mo 1.5 cm), no additional heat treatment is required. For smaller dimensions, additional tempering may be necessary, but annealing is no longer necessary. The tempering is then optionally at temperatures of <700 ° C.

Fig. 1 zeigt die Gussstruktur eines erfindungsgemäßen Gusseisenwerkstoffs in einer Vergrößerung von 500:1, der mit Nital 2% geätzt worden ist. Fig. 1 shows the cast structure of a cast iron material according to the invention in a magnification of 500: 1, which has been etched with Nital 2%.

Das folgende Beispiel erläutert die Erfindung ohne sie zu beschränken.The following example illustrates the invention without limiting it.

Beispielexample Gussstückmodul M : 1,5 cmCasting module M: 1.5 cm Chemische Zusammensetzung:Chemical composition:

Das Grundgefüge besteht aus ca. 60 % nadeligem zementreichem und zementitfreiem Ferrit, ca. 20 % Perlit, ca. 10 % Martensit, <3 % Austenit und <7 % Karbiden. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Kolbenrings sind wie folgt: Die Härte ist 320HB2,5, die Biegebruchfestigkeit ist >1100 MPa, wobei die exakte Biegebruchfestigkeit aufgrund der hohen Duktilität des Werkstoffs schwer zu ermitteln ist.The basic structure consists of approx. 60% needle-like cement-rich and cementite-free ferrite, approx. 20% perlite, approx. 10% martensite, <3% austenite and <7% carbides. The mechanical Characteristics of the piston ring are as follows: The hardness is 320HB2.5, the bending strength is> 1100 MPa, whereby the exact bending strength is difficult to determine due to the high ductility of the material.

Die Gussstruktur des in dem Beispiel aufgezeigten Gusswerkstoffs, der mit Nital 2% geätzt worden ist, ist in Fig. 1 in einer Vergrößerung von 500:1 gezeigt.The cast structure of the cast material shown in the example, which has been etched with Nital 2%, is in Fig. 1 shown in a magnification of 500: 1.

Claims (9)

  1. Compression ring, which comprises as base body a material of cast iron, characterized by a matrix of a mixed structure, which comprises acicular ferrite and/or martensite having portions of austenite and/or perlite, comprising > 65% acicular ferrite, < 5% austenite, < 10% martensite, < 10% perlite and < 7% carbides, having the following composition in percent by weight: C: 3.0 to 4.2 Si: 1.0 to 3.5 Mn: max. 1.0 P: max. 0.4 S: max. 0.1 Cr: max. 5.0 Cu: max.3.0 Mg: max 0.08 Sn: max. 0.3 Mo: max. 0.08 V: max 1.0 Ni: 1.0 to 6.0 Rest: Fe and contaminations conditional of manufacturing.
  2. Compression ring according to claim 1, characterized by the following composition of the material of cast iron in percent by weight: C: 3.0 to 4.0 Si: 1.0 to 3.0 Mn: max. 1.0 P: max. 0.3 S: max. 0.05 Cr: max. 0.5 Cu: 0.5 to 3.0 Mg: max 0.08 Sn: max. 0.25 V: max 1.0 Mo: max. 0.08 Ni: 1.0 to 4.0 Rest: Fe and contaminations conditional of manufacturing.
  3. Compression ring according to any of the preceding claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said ferrite comprises cementite free acicular ferrite or cementite containing acicular ferrite und their mixtures.
  4. Compression ring according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material of cast iron is spherolitic and/or, vermicular graphitoidal or lamellar graphitoidal.
  5. Compression ring according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 4, wherein the material of cast iron further contains an element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, W, Mo, B or their combinations, at the expense of said iron.
  6. Compression ring according to claim 5, characterized in that said element is contained in an amount of up to 0.1 percent by weight.
  7. Compression ring according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 6, wherein said material of cast iron further contains an additive selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Sb, Ca, Ce, Ta, Sr, Al, La, Ce, rare earth metals or their combinations, at the expense of said iron.
  8. Compression ring according to claim 7, characterized in that said additive in said raw material of cast iron is contained in amount of up to 0.1 percent by weight.
  9. Compression ring according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a flank- and running surface coating.
EP05747731A 2004-08-18 2005-05-04 High-strength, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant cast iron material Expired - Fee Related EP1776487B1 (en)

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DE200410040056 DE102004040056A1 (en) 2004-08-18 2004-08-18 High- and wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant cast iron material
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RU2508416C1 (en) * 2013-02-19 2014-02-27 Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина Cast iron
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RU2529343C1 (en) * 2013-12-12 2014-09-27 Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина Cast iron
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RU2624542C1 (en) * 2016-10-10 2017-07-04 Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина Cast iron

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DE102004040056A1 (en) 2006-02-23
DE502005007995D1 (en) 2009-10-08

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