EP1774606A2 - Resistiv arbeitender speicher - Google Patents
Resistiv arbeitender speicherInfo
- Publication number
- EP1774606A2 EP1774606A2 EP05771789A EP05771789A EP1774606A2 EP 1774606 A2 EP1774606 A2 EP 1774606A2 EP 05771789 A EP05771789 A EP 05771789A EP 05771789 A EP05771789 A EP 05771789A EP 1774606 A2 EP1774606 A2 EP 1774606A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sub
- phenyl
- general formula
- independently
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0009—RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change
- G11C13/0014—RRAM elements whose operation depends upon chemical change comprising cells based on organic memory material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/121—Charge-transfer complexes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B53/00—Ferroelectric RAM [FeRAM] devices comprising ferroelectric memory capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic element specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, covered by group H10K10/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/611—Charge transfer complexes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
Definitions
- the invention relates to a semiconductor device with resistive working memory.
- Memory cells have been described, which have a size of a few nanometers.
- One concept for the construction of such memory cells is to arrange an active layer between two electrodes which, depending on the voltage, can reversibly change certain properties such as, for example, ferromagnetic properties or electrical resistance.
- the cell can be switched between two states, so that one state, for example, the information state "0" and the other state, the information state "1" can be assigned.
- the cell which has an active layer between two electrodes, which can change the electrical resistance depending on the applied voltage, has the advantage over the cells, which has a ferroelectric material between two electrodes, that they are a significantly higher Signal ratio between the OFF and ON state and does not need to be rewritten after the reading, since the reading of the state is not destructive.
- Another memory cell with an active material which is a switchable
- the active material consists of 2-amino-4, 5-imidazoledicarbonitrile (AIDCN)
- the memory cell according to this prior art consists of several Layers constructed as follows: an aluminum anode deposited on glass, an AIDCN layer disposed thereon, a metal layer, another AIDCN layer and a cathode. For switchability, this system requires the above-described five layers, which makes the production very complex.
- a further disadvantage of the cells according to this prior art is that the cells can be switched only with aluminum electrodes and that the active layer can be applied only by means of vacuum vapor deposition.
- the object of the present invention is to vor ⁇ slam further memory cells with an arranged between two electrodes active layer (memory layer), wherein the memory cells allow a high integration density, between two stable states of different electrical resistance can be switched by common methods are easy to process in microelectronics and allow the use of commonly used in microelectronics electrodes.
- Another object of the invention is to propose new active materials that can be used as an active layer in the memory cells.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a memory cell with two electrodes and an active layer arranged therebetween, wherein the active layer
- R to R independently of one another may have the following meanings:
- R, -SR or a halogen atom wherein R and R may together form a ring, and wherein R and R are independently -H, alkyl, preferably with 1-10 C-
- Mean atoms, aryl, heteroaryl, m is 0 or an integer in the range of 1-10, and n is an integer in the range of 2 to 1000; [017] and
- R to R independently of one another may have the following meaning: -H, -
- the end groups of the compound a which have not been shown in the general formula I, can mean -H, aryl, or alkyl radicals, if appropriate with heteroatoms such as N, O or S.
- Comonomers of two or more thiophenes which have different R 1 and / or R 2 are also suitable.
- Preferred compounds of group a) are polyalkylthiophenes and also polyhexylthiophenes or polythiophene.
- the advantages of the cell structure according to the invention is a very simple construction, reversible, reproducible switchability, a ratio between the ON and OFF resistances of 2-1000 or higher, non-destructive reading, since there is no need for rewriting after Reads, non-volatile information storage, functionality down to film thicknesses of about 20 nm, high thermal stability, switchability in the presence of air and moisture, Compa ⁇ tivity with common electrodes such. As Cu, Ta, TaN, Al, AlCu, AlSiCu, Ti, TiN, W and common combinations of these electrodes, the suitability of the memory cell for the production in multiple layers, such as in Kupferdamascenetechnik etc.
- the ratio of the component (a) to (b) can be varied widely.
- the ratio of (a) to (b) is in the range of 5: 1 to 1: 5.
- Electrodes may be incorporated, may be silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, gallium liumnitrid or any material containing any compound of silicon, germanium or gallium.
- the substrate may also be a polymer, that is to say plastic which is filled or unfilled or in the form of a molded part or foil, as well as ceramic, glass or metal.
- the substrate may also be an already processed material and contain one to several layers of contacts, conductor tracks, insulating layers and further microelectronic components.
- the substrate is silicon, which has already been processed correspondingly front-end-off-line (FEOL), that is, already has electrical components such as transistors, capacitors, etc., manufactured and silicon technology.
- FEOL front-end-off-line
- Between the substrate and the next electrode is preferably a Insulating layer, in particular when the substrate is electrically conductive. However, there may also be multiple layers between the substrate and the next electrode.
- the substrate may serve as a carrier material or else an electrical function
- the active layer of the invention is compatible with a variety of commonly used electrodes in microelectronics.
- the electrodes are preferably made of Cu, Al, AlCu, AlSiCu, Ti, TiN, Ta, TaN, W, TiW, TaW, WN, WCN and common combinations of these electrodes.
- thin layers of silicon, titanium silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or silicon carbonitride may also be present in combination with the abovementioned layers or materials.
- Suitable method can be, for example, PVD, CVD, PECVD, vapor deposition, electroplatting, electroless platting or atomic layer deposition (ALCVD).
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- PECVD vapor deposition
- electroplatting electroless platting
- ACVD atomic layer deposition
- the methods are not limited to these, and any methods of manufacturing electrodes used in microelectronics can be used in principle.
- the deposition of the electrode can be carried out from the gas phase or from solution.
- the electrodes can be patterned by various common techniques.
- the structuring can be done for example by means of shadow masks, printing techniques or lithography.
- Particularly preferred printing techniques are screen printing, microcontact printing or nanoimprinting.
- the electrodes can also be, for example, by means of the so-called
- Damascene technique to be structured.
- an insulating layer lying above the substrate preferably of silicon oxide
- the electrode layer is deposited, so that it is completely filled with the electrode materials during trenches or holes formed in the insulating layer during patterning.
- An ⁇ closing is a part of these materials, which is above the surface of Iso- lier Mrs stands, back ground.
- the grinding process can be carried out by means of the so-called CMP technique (chemical mechanical planarization).
- CMP technique chemical mechanical planarization
- Electrode as well as the lower one are generated.
- the upper conductor tracks are arranged transversely to the lower conductor tracks.
- a so-called crosspoint cell is formed, consisting of three layers, namely lower electrode, active material and upper electrode.
- the lateral geometry of the cell is not limited to the above-mentioned crosspoint
- Electrodes and the intermediate layer of the active material can be applied not only once but also several times in stacked form on the substrate. This creates several levels for the memory cells, each level consists of two electrodes and the intermediate layer of the active material. Of course, several cells can be in one level (cell array). The different levels may be separated by an insulator or it is also possible that for two superposed levels not four, but only three electrodes are used, as they (middle electrode) as upper electrode for the lower level and as lower electrode for the upper level can serve.
- the active material may be prepared, for example, by preparing a solution containing the
- Components (a) and (b) are applied to the electrode by spin coating.
- Suitable solvents are, for example, N-methylpyrrolidone, -
- the solvent used may also be a mixture of the abovementioned solvents with, if appropriate, further solvents.
- the formulation may also contain additives such as, for example, adhesion promoters (for example silanes).
- the active material can also be done by vacuum evaporation.
- the components (a) and (b) (co-evaporation) are simultaneously deposited on the electrode or the components are applied directly one behind the other and thus form the active layer.
- a tempering step is carried out in each case, for
- the substrate is treated to dry the film or optionally to complete the reaction, particularly when components (a) and (b) are deposited on the electrode by vacuum deposition become.
- the temperature treatment can also be carried out in the vacuum chamber or even omitted.
- the thickness of the layer containing the active material is in the range of preferably between 20 and 2000 nm, with the range between 20 and 200 nm being particularly preferred.
- the advantages of the cell according to the invention are that the structure of the cell is very simple, so that the production can be carried out inexpensively. For the cell according to the invention only two electrodes and an intermediate active layer are necessary.
- the cell has a reversible, reproducible switchability under various conditions such as in the presence of air and moisture and in a wide temperature range.
- the active layer may be prepared by line compatible techniques such as spin coating or
- the adhesion of the layer to the electrodes is excellent and the ratio of the
- Low resistance state to the higher resistance state is higher than 2-1000.
- the preparation can be carried out by means of conventional lithographic processes, since the active layer is compatible with a large number of processes.
- a particular advantage of the present cell is that the active layer is compatible with common electrodes.
- the active layer is switchable with the electrodes and electrode combinations used in microelectronics and it should be emphasized that the switchability is very reliable, especially with copper. This is important because copper has the lowest electrical resistance compared to the other electrical conductors that are commonly used in electronics.
- the preparation of the cell according to the invention will be discussed in more detail by way of examples.
- FIG. 1 The I-U diagram of the cell according to the invention is shown in FIG. As can be seen from Fig. 1, the switchability of the cell in the presence of air is completely reversible and reproducible.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004037149A DE102004037149B3 (de) | 2004-07-30 | 2004-07-30 | Resistiv arbeitender Speicher, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie Verwendung einer Zusammensetzung als aktive Schicht in einem Speicher |
| PCT/EP2005/053546 WO2006013160A2 (de) | 2004-07-30 | 2005-07-21 | Resistiv arbeitender speicher |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1774606A2 true EP1774606A2 (de) | 2007-04-18 |
Family
ID=35787487
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05771789A Withdrawn EP1774606A2 (de) | 2004-07-30 | 2005-07-21 | Resistiv arbeitender speicher |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080191197A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1774606A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102004037149B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2006013160A2 (de) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3637798A (en) * | 1968-09-23 | 1972-01-25 | Union Carbide Corp | Carboxy 9-dicyanomethylene nitrofluorene |
| US4871236A (en) * | 1985-09-18 | 1989-10-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Organic thin film display element |
| US5274058A (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-12-28 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Low bandgap polymers rf fused bithiophenes |
| JP3143525B2 (ja) * | 1992-06-29 | 2001-03-07 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子写真感光体、該電子写真感光体を備えた電子写真装置並びにファクシミリ |
| JP2004111335A (ja) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-04-08 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 有機電界発光素子 |
| US20060245235A1 (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2006-11-02 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Design and operation of a resistance switching memory cell with diode |
| US20080032049A1 (en) * | 2006-07-29 | 2008-02-07 | Lex Kosowsky | Voltage switchable dielectric material having high aspect ratio particles |
-
2004
- 2004-07-30 DE DE102004037149A patent/DE102004037149B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-07-21 WO PCT/EP2005/053546 patent/WO2006013160A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-07-21 EP EP05771789A patent/EP1774606A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-07-21 US US11/572,951 patent/US20080191197A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2006013160A3 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20080191197A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
| DE102004037149B3 (de) | 2006-05-04 |
| WO2006013160A3 (de) | 2006-10-05 |
| WO2006013160A2 (de) | 2006-02-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
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| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20070405 |
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| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: WEITZ, THOMAS Inventor name: SCHUMANN, JOERG Inventor name: MALTENBERGER, ANNA Inventor name: ENGL, REIMUND Inventor name: SEZI, RECAI Inventor name: WALTER, ANDREAS |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20081103 |
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| 19U | Interruption of proceedings before grant |
Effective date: 20090401 |
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| 19W | Proceedings resumed before grant after interruption of proceedings |
Effective date: 20091123 |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20090314 |