EP1774179A1 - Compressor blade and production and use of a compressor blade - Google Patents

Compressor blade and production and use of a compressor blade

Info

Publication number
EP1774179A1
EP1774179A1 EP05767976A EP05767976A EP1774179A1 EP 1774179 A1 EP1774179 A1 EP 1774179A1 EP 05767976 A EP05767976 A EP 05767976A EP 05767976 A EP05767976 A EP 05767976A EP 1774179 A1 EP1774179 A1 EP 1774179A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
profile
compressor
sealing lip
side wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05767976A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1774179B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Cornelius
Bernhard Küsters
Stephan Mais
Andreas Peters
Achim Schirrmacher
Lutz Stephan
Bernd Van Den Toom
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to PL05767976T priority Critical patent/PL1774179T3/en
Priority to EP05767976A priority patent/EP1774179B1/en
Publication of EP1774179A1 publication Critical patent/EP1774179A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1774179B1 publication Critical patent/EP1774179B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • F04D29/16—Sealings between pressure and suction sides
    • F04D29/161—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/164—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps of an axial flow wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/20—Specially-shaped blade tips to seal space between tips and stator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
    • F04D29/324—Blades
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/4932—Turbomachine making
    • Y10T29/49321—Assembling individual fluid flow interacting members, e.g., blades, vanes, buckets, on rotary support member
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49336—Blade making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a compressor blade for a compressor, which has a blade root, a platform region and an adjoining blade profile with a profile tip along a main axis, which blade profile is formed by a convex suction side wall and a concave pressure side wall lying opposite the suction side wall Walls, based on a Strömungs ⁇ medium, extending from a leading edge to a trailing edge and between which a profile center line runs centrally, wherein the profiled tip a transverse to the main axis end face is arranged on the at least one integrally formed with the blade profile sealing lip partly from the leading edge to the trailing edge, at a distance from the suction side wall and from the pressure side wall along the profile center line, and the blade profile, including the sealing lip, extends in the direction of the main axis height.
  • a turbine blade with a sealing lip molded onto the blade is known from US Pat. No. 6,039,531.
  • the sealing lip extends centrally between the suction side and the pressure side at the profile tip.
  • JP-A-2000130102 discloses a compressor blade which has an end face at its free end of the blade profile, on which a lip-like rib extends in the region of the suction side of the blade profile from an inflow edge to an outflow edge.
  • the rib of the compressor blade serves as a sealing element during operation of the compressor in order to reduce the peak gap losses in the compressor which occur between the blade tip and the boundary of the distributor channel.
  • the production of such a sealing rib on the suction side of the blade with a squeal edge can be cost-intensive, particularly in the case of edge zone-corrected blades, that are particularly strongly curved in the tip region, since the production or contour milling is performed by means of a five-axis milling cutter. After milling the suction side wall and the sealing lip geometry, the blade is ground manually on the suction side in order to achieve the required surface quality. This manual processing leads to frequent manufacturing errors with corresponding disadvantages, such as rejects or non-optimal contours.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an aerodynamically improved compressor blade without reducing the sealing effect of the sealing lip. Moreover, it is an object of the invention to provide a cost-effective method for producing such a compressor blade and a use of these.
  • the invention proposes that the height of the sealing lip is less than two percent of the height of the blade profile.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that a sealing lip of a compressor blade according to the invention is produced inexpensively by a three-axis milling device, although due to the geometrically demanding, aerodynamic shape of the blade profile of the compressor blade this mit ⁇ means of a five-axis milling device or made by precision forging.
  • the accuracy of the geometry of the sealing lip according to the invention can be checked and controlled more easily than that of a sealing lip which is executed parallel to the suction side. This leads to a further reduction in production costs.
  • the height of the sealing lip is at most two percent of the height of the blade profile. Previously, a sealing lip integrally connected to the blade profile had a greater height for manufacturing reasons.
  • the sealing lip has a suction-side side surface and a pressure-side side surface which run parallel to the main axis, this can be particularly simple and thus produced inexpensively.
  • the sealing lip reduces the tip gap losses over the profile tip.
  • the side surfaces of the sealing lip are connected to one another by means of a rubbing surface, which rubbing surface is perpendicular to the radius of the rotor of the compressor.
  • a cylindrical gap can be formed between the housing or hub components and the compressor blade, which reduces the gap losses.
  • the compressor blade according to the invention can advantageously be used advantageously as a moving blade as well as a guide blade.
  • At least one side surface of the sealing lip is connected to the end face over a transition radius, whose size is at most 25 percent of the height of the sealing lip. Due to the particularly small transition radius, an extremely low sealing lip height can be achieved. The production of such a transition radius takes place cost-effectively together with the sealing lip by means of an end mill on a three-axis milling device.
  • strongly curved blade profiles with a sealing lip milled with a large transition radius have been found especially in the middle region between the leading edge and outflow edge on a larger sealing lip height than in the region of the inflow and Abström ⁇ edge, which previously led to flow disturbances. This kon ⁇ vexe course of the sealing lip or its height can be avoided with wesentlie ler smaller transition radii.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal partial section through a gas turbine with a compressor
  • FIG. 2 shows a compressor blade according to the invention in a perspective view
  • FIG. 1 shows a gas turbine 1 with a rotor 5 rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 3.
  • the gas turbine 1 has a suction hood 7, a compressor 9, a toroidal annular combustion chamber 11 and a turbine unit 13.
  • both in the compressor 9 and in the turbine unit 13 guide vanes 15 and blades 17 are each arranged in rings.
  • a rotor blade ring 19 follows a rotor blade ring 19.
  • the rotor blades 17 are fastened to the rotor 5 by means of rotor disks 23, whereas the stator blades 15 are fixedly mounted on the housing 25.
  • wreaths 21 are arranged from longitudinal blades 15, which, viewed in the direction of the flow medium, are followed by a ring of moving blades 17.
  • the respective blade profiles of the guide vanes 15 and of the rotor blades 17 extend radially in an annular flow channel 27.
  • air 29 is sucked through the intake manifold 7 and compressed by the compressor.
  • the compressed air is guided to the burners 33, which lie on a ring at the ring combustion chamber 11 are provided.
  • the compressed air 29 is mixed with a combustion agent 35, which mixture in the annular combustion chamber 11 is burned to a hot gas 37.
  • the hot gas 37 flows through the flow channel 27 of the turbine unit 13 past guide vanes 15 and blades 17.
  • the hot gas 37 relaxes on the rotor blades 17 of the turbine unit 13 in an efficient manner.
  • the rotor 5 of the gas turbine 1 is set in a rotational movement, which serves to drive the compressor 9 and to drive a work machine, not shown.
  • the compressor blade 50 has along a main axis 53 a blade root 55, a platform region 57 with a platform 59 and a blade profile 61.
  • the airfoil profile 61 flows around the airfoil profile 61, which connects the airfoil profile 61 to an inflow edge 63 and flows away from an outflow edge 65.
  • the blade profile 61 is formed by a pressure side wall 67 and by a suction side wall 69 and has a blade height H extending in the direction of the main axis 53.
  • a profile center line 71 which has at each point of its course a vertical, which perpendicular 74 both the suction side wall 69 and the pressure e'itenwand 67 intersects.
  • a first distance A between the points of intersection of the perpendicular 74 with the profile center line 71 and the pressure side wall 67 with the perpendicular 74 is identical to a second distance B which is between the intersections of the profile center line 71 with the vertical 74 and the suction side wall 69 with the vertical 74, is present.
  • the blade profile 61 on its profile tip 72 facing away from the platform 59 has an end face 73 on which a sealing lip 75 is arranged.
  • the sealing lip 75 is narrower than the blade profile 61, extends from strömkante 63 to the discharge edge 65 and extends along the Profilmittenllnie 71, ie at a distance between the contour of the suction side wall 69 and the pressure side wall 67th
  • the sealing lip 75 also called the squealer edge, has a first side surface 77 facing the pressure side wall 67 and a second side surface 79 facing the suction side wall 69.
  • the curved side surfaces 77, 79 of the sealing lip 75 extend parallel to the main axis 53 and also parallel to the profile center line 71, whereas the suction side wall 69 of the blade profile 61 and the pressure side wall 67 of the blade profile 61 are inclined for aerodynamic reasons, i. obliquely, to the main axis 53 run. Compared with a blade of the prior art, a simplified production of the sealing lip 75 can thereby be achieved.
  • the side surfaces 77, 79 of the sealing lip 75 mit ⁇ means of a Anstreifflache 81, connected to each other, which abraded surface 81 is perpendicular to the radius of the rotor 5 of the compressor 9.
  • the sealing lip 75 has a height HL directed parallel to the main axis 53, which height is measured between the end face 73 of the blade profile and the abutting surface 81 and is part of the blade profile height H.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of an An ⁇ grazing edge according to the invention. It can be clearly seen here that the sealing lip 75 extends centrally between the suction side wall 69 and the pressure side wall 67 from the leading edge 63 to the trailing edge 65, with side surfaces 77, 79 aligned parallel to the main axis 53 and the profile line 71.
  • the side surfaces 77, 79 pass over a transition radius R in the end face 73, which is advantageously at most 25 percent of the sealing lip height HL.
  • a particularly low sealing lip can be produced, whose height HL carries a maximum of 2 percent of the blade height H be ⁇ .
  • the new geometry and position of the sealing lip 75 eliminates error-prone and cost-intensive production steps. As a result, both the manufacturing costs and the reject rate of the manufactured compressor blades 50 can be reduced. A deterioration of the top gap losses across the radial gap between the compressor blade 50 and the inner housing does not occur, as well as flow losses due to the insignificantly reduced, maximum possible aerodynamically effective profile surface.

Abstract

A sealing lip (75) extends along the profile center line of a profile, spaced apart from a suction side wall (69) and pressure side wall (67). The sealing lip has a suction-side side surface (79) and a pressure-side side-surface, which extend parallel to the main axis (53). An independent claim is included for a compressor for a gas turbine.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Verdichterschaufel sowie Herstellung und Verwendung einer VerdichterschaufeiCompressor bucket and production and use of a compressor blade
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verdichterschaufei für einen Ver¬ dichter, welche entlang einer Hauptachse einen Schaufelfuß, einen Plattformbereich und ein sich daran anschließendes Schaufelprofil mit einer Profilspitze aufweist, welches Schaufelprofil von einer konvexen Saugseitenwand und einer der Saugseitenwand gegenüberliegenden konkaven Druckseiten¬ wand gebildet wird, welche Wände, bezogen auf ein Strömungs¬ medium, sich von einer Anströmkante zu einer Abströmkante erstrecken und zwischen denen eine Profilmittenlinie mittig verläuft, wobei an der Profilspitze eine quer zur Hauptachse stehende Stirnseitenfläche angeordnet ist, an der eine mit dem Schaufelprofil einstückig ausgebildete Dichtlippe zumin¬ dest teilweise von der Anströmkante zur Abströmkante, im Ab¬ stand von Saugseitenwand und von Druckseitenwand entlang der Profilmittenlinie verläuft und das Schaufelprofil einschlie߬ lich der Dichtlippe eine in Richtung der Hauptachse verlau¬ fende Schaufelprofilhöhe aufweist.The invention relates to a compressor blade for a compressor, which has a blade root, a platform region and an adjoining blade profile with a profile tip along a main axis, which blade profile is formed by a convex suction side wall and a concave pressure side wall lying opposite the suction side wall Walls, based on a Strömungs¬ medium, extending from a leading edge to a trailing edge and between which a profile center line runs centrally, wherein the profiled tip a transverse to the main axis end face is arranged on the at least one integrally formed with the blade profile sealing lip partly from the leading edge to the trailing edge, at a distance from the suction side wall and from the pressure side wall along the profile center line, and the blade profile, including the sealing lip, extends in the direction of the main axis height.
Eine Turbinenschaufel mit einer an dem Schaufelblatt angegos- senen Dichtlippe ist aus der US 6,039,531 bekannt. Die Dicht¬ lippe verläuft mittig zwischen Saugseite und Druckseite an der Profilspitze.A turbine blade with a sealing lip molded onto the blade is known from US Pat. No. 6,039,531. The sealing lip extends centrally between the suction side and the pressure side at the profile tip.
Außerdem ist aus der JP-A-2000130102 eine Verdichterlauf- schaufei, die an ihrem freien Ende des Schaufelprofils eine Stirnfläche auf weist, an der eine lippenartige Rippe im Be¬ reich der Saugseite des Schaufelprofils von einer Anström— kante zu einer Abströmkante verläuft. Die Rippe der Verdich¬ terlaufschaufel dient beim Betrieb des Verdichters als Dicht- element, um die Spitzenspaltverluste im Verdichter, welche zwischen der Schaufelspitze und der Begrenzung des Verdien— terkanals auftreten, zu verringern. Die Herstellung einer solchen Dichtrippe an der Saugseite der Schaufel mit einer Anstreifkante kann insbesondere bei stark randzonenkorrigierten, d.h. im Spitzenbereich besonders stark gekrümmten, Schaufeln kostenintensiv sein, da die Herstellung bzw. die Konturfräsung mittels eines Fünf-Achs-Fräsers durch¬ geführt wird. Nach dem Fräsen der Saugseitenwand und der Dichtlippengeometrie wird die Schaufel saugseitig manuell ge¬ schliffen, um die geforderte Oberflächengüte zu erzielen. Diese manuelle Bearbeitung führt zu häufigen Fertigungsfeh- lern mit entsprechenden Nachteilen, wie z.B. Ausschuss bzw. nicht optimalen Konturen.Furthermore, JP-A-2000130102 discloses a compressor blade which has an end face at its free end of the blade profile, on which a lip-like rib extends in the region of the suction side of the blade profile from an inflow edge to an outflow edge. The rib of the compressor blade serves as a sealing element during operation of the compressor in order to reduce the peak gap losses in the compressor which occur between the blade tip and the boundary of the distributor channel. The production of such a sealing rib on the suction side of the blade with a squeal edge can be cost-intensive, particularly in the case of edge zone-corrected blades, that are particularly strongly curved in the tip region, since the production or contour milling is performed by means of a five-axis milling cutter. After milling the suction side wall and the sealing lip geometry, the blade is ground manually on the suction side in order to achieve the required surface quality. This manual processing leads to frequent manufacturing errors with corresponding disadvantages, such as rejects or non-optimal contours.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine aerodynamisch ver¬ besserte Verdichterschaufel anzugeben, ohne die Dichtwirkung der Dichtlippe zu vermindern. Darüber hinaus ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein kostengünstiges Verfahren zum Herstellen einer solchen Verdichterschaufel sowie eine Verwendung dieser anzugeben.The object of the invention is therefore to provide an aerodynamically improved compressor blade without reducing the sealing effect of the sealing lip. Moreover, it is an object of the invention to provide a cost-effective method for producing such a compressor blade and a use of these.
Die auf die Verdichterschaufei bezogene Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1, die auf die Herstellung gerich¬ tete Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 6 und die auf die Verwendung gerichtete Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 8 gelöst.The task related to the compressor blade is solved by the features of claim 1, the object directed to the production by the features of claim 6 and the object directed to the use is solved by the features of claim 8.
Die Erfindung schlägt vor, dass die Höhe der Dichtlippe weni¬ ger als zwei Prozent der Höhe des Schaufelprofils beträgt.The invention proposes that the height of the sealing lip is less than two percent of the height of the blade profile.
Die Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, dass eine erfin- dungsgemäße Dichtlippe einer Verdichterschaufel kostengünstig durch eine Drei-Achs—Fräseinrichtung hergestellt wird, obwohl aufgrund der geometrisch anspruchsvollen, aerodynamischen Form des Schaufelprofils der Verdichterschaufel dieses mit¬ tels einer Fünf-Achs-Fräseinrichtung oder durch Präzisions- schmieden hergestellt wird.The invention is based on the recognition that a sealing lip of a compressor blade according to the invention is produced inexpensively by a three-axis milling device, although due to the geometrically demanding, aerodynamic shape of the blade profile of the compressor blade this mit¬ means of a five-axis milling device or made by precision forging.
Zur Herstellung kann somit ein einfacheres Herstellungsver¬ fahren und/oder dafür eine in der Benutzung kostengünstigere Maschine eingesetzt werden. Insbesondere bei im Spitzenbe¬ reich vergleichsweise stark gekrümmten Verdichterschaufeln ist dies von Vorteil.Thus, a simpler manufacturing process and / or a more cost-effective use thereof can be used for the production Machine be used. This is advantageous, in particular in the case of comparatively strongly curved compressor blades in the tip region.
Zudem entfallen fehleranfällige und kostenintensive Ferti¬ gungsschritte, wie beispielsweise eine manuelle Nachbearbei¬ tung, ersatzlos. Der Herstellungsprozess verkürzt sich. Ferner führt der Wegfall der manuellen Nachbearbeitung zu einer wesentlich höheren Prozesssicherheit.In addition, error-prone and cost-intensive production steps, such as manual post-processing, are omitted without replacement. The manufacturing process is shortened. Furthermore, the omission of manual post-processing leads to a significantly higher process reliability.
Auch kann die Genauigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Geometrie der Dichtlippe einfacher überprüft und kontrolliert werden, als diejenige einer Dichtlippe, die parallel zur Saugseite ausge¬ führt ist. Dies führt zu einer weiteren Herstellungskostenre- duzierung.Also, the accuracy of the geometry of the sealing lip according to the invention can be checked and controlled more easily than that of a sealing lip which is executed parallel to the suction side. This leads to a further reduction in production costs.
Erfindungsgemäß beträgt die Höhe der Dichtlippe maximal zwei Prozent der Höhe des Schaufelprofils. Bisher wies eine mit dem Schaufelprofil einstückig verbundene Dichtlippe eine grö- ßere Höhe aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen auf.According to the invention, the height of the sealing lip is at most two percent of the height of the blade profile. Previously, a sealing lip integrally connected to the blade profile had a greater height for manufacturing reasons.
Berechnungen zeigen, dass die neu gewählte Größe der Dicht¬ lippe an der Stirnseitenfläche keinen negativen Einfluss auf die aerodynamische Leistungsfähigkeit des Schaufelprofils hat, vielmehr vergrößert sich aufgrund der niedrigeren Dicht¬ lippe die aerodynamisch optimierte, wirksame Fläche des Schaufelprofils, was bei einem mit der erfindungsgemäßen Ver¬ dichterschaufel bestücktem Verdichter zu einer verbesserten Aerodynamik, zu geringeren Strömungsstörungen im Spitzenbe— reich des Schaufelprofils und insgesamt zu einem gesteigerten Wirkungsgrad führt.Calculations show that the newly selected size of the sealing lip on the end face has no negative influence on the aerodynamic performance of the blade profile, but rather increases the aerodynamically optimized, effective area of the blade profile due to the lower sealing lip, which in one with the inventive Ver¬ densestschaufel equipped compressor to improved aerodynamics, lower flow disturbances in the apex area of the blade profile and overall leads to increased efficiency.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen an¬ gegeben.Advantageous embodiments are given in the subclaims.
insbesondere, wenn die Dichtlippe eine saugseitige Seitenflä¬ che und eine druckseitige Seitenfläche aufweist, welche pa¬ rallel zur Hauptachse verlaufen, kann diese besonders einfach und somit kostengünstig hergestellt werden. Darüber empfiehlt es sich, die beiden Seitenflächen so zu fertigen, dass sie auch parallel zur Profilmittenlinie verlaufen. Folglich sind die Seitenflächen der Dichtlippe nicht aerodynamisch geformt, d.h. nicht zur Hauptachse geneigt, wie die Kontur der Seiten¬ wände des Schaufelprofils. Weiterhin vermindert die Dicht¬ lippe die Spitzenspaltverluste über die Profilspitze hinweg.In particular, if the sealing lip has a suction-side side surface and a pressure-side side surface which run parallel to the main axis, this can be particularly simple and thus produced inexpensively. In addition, it is advisable to manufacture the two side surfaces so that they also run parallel to the profile centerline. Consequently, the side surfaces of the sealing lip are not aerodynamically shaped, that is not inclined to the main axis, such as the contour of Seiten¬ walls of the blade profile. Furthermore, the sealing lip reduces the tip gap losses over the profile tip.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung sind die Seitenflächen der Dichtlippe mittels einer Anstreiffläche miteinander ver¬ bunden, welche Anstreiffläche senkrecht zu dem Radius des Ro¬ tors des Verdichters steht. Somit kann zwischen Gehäuse- bzw. Nabenbauteilen und der Verdichterschaufel ein zylindrischer Spalt gebildet werden, welcher die Spaltverluste reduziert.In an advantageous embodiment, the side surfaces of the sealing lip are connected to one another by means of a rubbing surface, which rubbing surface is perpendicular to the radius of the rotor of the compressor. Thus, a cylindrical gap can be formed between the housing or hub components and the compressor blade, which reduces the gap losses.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verdichterschaufel lässt sich in glei¬ cher Weise vorteilhaft als Laufschaufel wie auch als Leit¬ schaufel verwenden.The compressor blade according to the invention can advantageously be used advantageously as a moving blade as well as a guide blade.
Besonders bevorzugt ist die Ausgestaltung, bei der mindestens eine Seitenfläche der Dichtlippe mit der Stirnseitenfläche über einen Übergangsradius miteinander verbunden ist, dessen Größe maximal 25 Prozent der Höhe der Dichtlippe beträgt. Aufgrund des besonders kleinen Übergangsradius kann eine äußerst niedrige Dichtlippenhöhe erzielt werden. Die Herstel¬ lung eines solchen Übergangsradius erfolgt kostengünstig zu¬ sammen mit der Dichülippe mittels eines Schaftfräsers auf einer Drei-Achs-Fräseinrichtung/ Dagegen wiesen bisher stark gekrümmte Schaufelprofile mit einer mit einem großen Über— gangsradius gefrästen Dichtlippe besonders im mittleren Be¬ reich zwischen Anströmkante und Abströmkante eine größere Dichtlippenhöhe auf als im Bereich der Anström- und Abström¬ kante, was bisher zu Strömungsstörungen führte. Dieser kon¬ vexe Verlauf der Dichtlippe bzw. deren Höhe kann mit wesent- lieh kleineren Übergangsradien vermieden werden. Particularly preferred is the embodiment in which at least one side surface of the sealing lip is connected to the end face over a transition radius, whose size is at most 25 percent of the height of the sealing lip. Due to the particularly small transition radius, an extremely low sealing lip height can be achieved. The production of such a transition radius takes place cost-effectively together with the sealing lip by means of an end mill on a three-axis milling device. By contrast, strongly curved blade profiles with a sealing lip milled with a large transition radius have been found especially in the middle region between the leading edge and outflow edge on a larger sealing lip height than in the region of the inflow and Abström¬ edge, which previously led to flow disturbances. This kon¬ vexe course of the sealing lip or its height can be avoided with wesentlie ler smaller transition radii.
Die Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Show it:
FIG 1 einen Längsteilschnitt durch eine Gasturbine mit einem Verdichter,1 shows a longitudinal partial section through a gas turbine with a compressor,
FIG 2 eine erfindungsgemäße Verdichterschaufel in einer perspektivischen Ansicht und2 shows a compressor blade according to the invention in a perspective view and
FIG 3 eine Detailansicht einer Anstreiffläche einer Ver¬ dichterschaufel-3 shows a detailed view of a rubbing surface of a Ver¬ dichterschaufel-
Verdichter und Gasturbinen sowie deren Arbeitsweisen sind allgemein bekannt. Hierzu zeigt FIG 1 eine Gasturbine 1 mit einem um eine Rotationsachse 3 drehbar gelagerten Rotor 5.Compressors and gas turbines and their operations are well known. 1 shows a gas turbine 1 with a rotor 5 rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 3.
Entlang der Rotationsachse 3 weist die Gasturbine 1 ein An¬ saughaus 7, einen Verdichter 9, eine torusartige Ringbrenn¬ kammer 11 und eine Turbineneinheit 13 auf.Along the rotation axis 3, the gas turbine 1 has a suction hood 7, a compressor 9, a toroidal annular combustion chamber 11 and a turbine unit 13.
Sowohl im Verdichter 9 als auch in der Turbineneinheit 13 sind Leitschaufeln 15 und Laufschaufeln 17 jeweils in Kränzen angeordnet. Im Verdichter 9 folgt dabei einem Laufschaufei— kränz 19 ein Leitschaufelkranz 21. Die Laufschaufeln 17 sind dabei am Rotor 5 mittels Rotorscheiben 23 befestigt, wohinge¬ gen die Leitschaufeln 15 feststehend am Gehäuse 25 montiert sind.Both in the compressor 9 and in the turbine unit 13 guide vanes 15 and blades 17 are each arranged in rings. In the compressor 9, a rotor blade ring 19 follows a rotor blade ring 19. The rotor blades 17 are fastened to the rotor 5 by means of rotor disks 23, whereas the stator blades 15 are fixedly mounted on the housing 25.
ΞbeMso sind in der Turbineneinheit 13 Kränze 21 aus 'LTeit— schaufeln 15 angeordnet, denen jeweils in Richtung des Strö¬ mungsmediums gesehen ein Kranz aus Laufschaufeln 17 folgt.In this way, in the turbine unit 13, wreaths 21 are arranged from longitudinal blades 15, which, viewed in the direction of the flow medium, are followed by a ring of moving blades 17.
Die jeweiligen Schaufelprofile der Leitschaufeln 15 und der Laufschaufeln 17 erstrecken sich dabei strahlenförmig in einem ringförmigen Strömungskanal 27.The respective blade profiles of the guide vanes 15 and of the rotor blades 17 extend radially in an annular flow channel 27.
Beim Betrieb der Gasturbine 1 wird vom Verdichter 9 Luft 29 durch das Ansaughaus 7 angesaugt und verdichtet. Am Austritt 31 des Verdichters 9 wird die verdichtete Luft zu den Bren¬ nern 33 geführt, welche auf einem Ring liegend an der Ring- brennkammer 11 vorgesehen sind. In den Brennern wird die ver¬ dichtete Luft 29 mit einem Brennmittel 35 vermischt, welches Gemisch in der Ringbrennkammer 11 zu einem HeiJJgas 37 ver¬ brannt wird. Anschließend strömt das Heißgas 37 durch den Strömungskanal 27 der Turbineneinheit 13 an Leitschaufeln 15 und Laufschaufeln 17 vorbei. Dabei entspannt sich das Heißgas 37 an den Laufschaufeln 17 der Turbineneinheit 13 arbeits— leistend. Hierdurch wird der Rotor 5 der Gasturbine 1 in eine Drehbewegung versetzt, welche zum Antrieb des Verdichters 9 und zum Antrieb einer nicht dargestellten Arbeitsmaschine dient.During operation of the gas turbine 1 9 air 29 is sucked through the intake manifold 7 and compressed by the compressor. At the outlet 31 of the compressor 9, the compressed air is guided to the burners 33, which lie on a ring at the ring combustion chamber 11 are provided. In the burners, the compressed air 29 is mixed with a combustion agent 35, which mixture in the annular combustion chamber 11 is burned to a hot gas 37. Subsequently, the hot gas 37 flows through the flow channel 27 of the turbine unit 13 past guide vanes 15 and blades 17. In this case, the hot gas 37 relaxes on the rotor blades 17 of the turbine unit 13 in an efficient manner. As a result, the rotor 5 of the gas turbine 1 is set in a rotational movement, which serves to drive the compressor 9 and to drive a work machine, not shown.
FIG 2 zeigt eine Verdichterschaufel 50 in einer perspektivi¬ schen Ansicht. Die Verdichterschaufel 50 weist entlang einer Hauptachse 53 einen Schaufelfuß 55, einen Plattformbereich 57 mit einer Plattform 59 und ein Schaufelprofil 61 auf. Das Schaufelprofil 61 wird beim Betrieb des Verdichters 9 von Luft 29 umströmt, die das Schaufelprofil 61 an einer Anström¬ kante 63 an- und von einer Abströmkante 65 abströmt. Das Schaufelprofil 61 wird von einer Druckseitenwand 67 und von einer Saugseitenwand 69 gebildet und weist eine in Richtung der Hauptachse 53 verlaufende Schaufelhöhe H auf.2 shows a compressor blade 50 in a perspektivi¬ rule view. The compressor blade 50 has along a main axis 53 a blade root 55, a platform region 57 with a platform 59 and a blade profile 61. During operation of the compressor 9, the airfoil profile 61 flows around the airfoil profile 61, which connects the airfoil profile 61 to an inflow edge 63 and flows away from an outflow edge 65. The blade profile 61 is formed by a pressure side wall 67 and by a suction side wall 69 and has a blade height H extending in the direction of the main axis 53.
Von der Anströmkante 63 zur Abströmkante 65 verläuft eine Profilmittenlinie 71, die an jeder Stelle ihres Verlaufes eine Senkrechte aufweist, welche Senkrechte 74 sowohl die Saugseitenwand 69 als auch die Drucks-e'itenwand 67 schneidet. Dabei ist jeweils ein erster Abstand A zwischen den Schnitt¬ punkten der Senkrechten 74 mit der Profilmittenlinie 71 und der Druckseitenwand 67 mit der Senkrechten 74 identisch zu einem zweiten Abstand B, welcher zwischen den Schnittpunkten der Profilmittenlinie 71 mit der Senkrechten 74 und der Saug¬ seitenwand 69 mit der Senkrechten 74, vorliegt.From the leading edge 63 to the trailing edge 65 a profile center line 71, which has at each point of its course a vertical, which perpendicular 74 both the suction side wall 69 and the pressure e'itenwand 67 intersects. In each case, a first distance A between the points of intersection of the perpendicular 74 with the profile center line 71 and the pressure side wall 67 with the perpendicular 74 is identical to a second distance B which is between the intersections of the profile center line 71 with the vertical 74 and the suction side wall 69 with the vertical 74, is present.
Ferner weist das Schaufelprofil 61 an .seiner der Plattform 59 abgewandten Profilspitze 72 eine Stirnseitenfläche 73 auf, an der eine Dichtlippe 75 angeordnet ist. Die Dichtlippe 75 ist schmaler als das Schaufelprofil 61, erstreckt sich von An- strömkante 63 zur Abströmkante 65 und verläuft entlang der Profilmittenllnie 71, also im Abstand zwischen der Kontur der Saugseitenwand 69 und der Druckseitenwand 67.Furthermore, the blade profile 61 on its profile tip 72 facing away from the platform 59 has an end face 73 on which a sealing lip 75 is arranged. The sealing lip 75 is narrower than the blade profile 61, extends from strömkante 63 to the discharge edge 65 and extends along the Profilmittenllnie 71, ie at a distance between the contour of the suction side wall 69 and the pressure side wall 67th
Die Dichtlippe 75, auch Anstreifkante genannt, weist eine der Druckseitenwand 67 zugewandte erste Seitenfläche 77 und eine der Saugseitenwand 69 zugewandte zweite Seitenfläche 79 auf.The sealing lip 75, also called the squealer edge, has a first side surface 77 facing the pressure side wall 67 and a second side surface 79 facing the suction side wall 69.
Die gekrümmten Seitenflächen 77, 79 der Dichtlippe 75 verlau- fen parallel zur Hauptachse 53 und auch parallel zur Profil¬ mittenlinie 71, wohingegen die Saugseitenwand 69 des Schau¬ felprofils 61 als auch die Druckseitenwand 67 des Schaufel¬ profils 61 aus aerodynamischen Gründen geneigt, d.h. schräg, zur Hauptachse 53 verlaufen. Verglichen mit einer Schaufel aus dem Stand der Technik kann hierdurch eine vereinfachte Herstellung der Dichtlippe 75 erzielt werden.The curved side surfaces 77, 79 of the sealing lip 75 extend parallel to the main axis 53 and also parallel to the profile center line 71, whereas the suction side wall 69 of the blade profile 61 and the pressure side wall 67 of the blade profile 61 are inclined for aerodynamic reasons, i. obliquely, to the main axis 53 run. Compared with a blade of the prior art, a simplified production of the sealing lip 75 can thereby be achieved.
Außerdem sind die Seitenflächen 77, 79 der Dichtlippe 75 mit¬ tels einer Anstreifflache 81, miteinander verbunden, welche Anstreiffläche 81 senkrecht zu dem Radius des Rotors 5 des Verdichters 9 steht.In addition, the side surfaces 77, 79 of the sealing lip 75 mit¬ means of a Anstreifflache 81, connected to each other, which abraded surface 81 is perpendicular to the radius of the rotor 5 of the compressor 9.
Die Dichtlippe 75 weist eine parallel zur Hauptachse 53 ge¬ richtete Höhe HL auf, welche zwischen der Stirnseitenfläche 73 des Schaufelprofils und der Anstreiffläche 81 gemessen wird und Teil der Schaufelprofilhöhe H ist.The sealing lip 75 has a height HL directed parallel to the main axis 53, which height is measured between the end face 73 of the blade profile and the abutting surface 81 and is part of the blade profile height H.
FIG 3 zeigt eine Detailansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen An¬ streifkante. Hierbei ist klar ersichtlich, dass die Dicht- lippe 75 mittig zwischen der Saugseitenwand 69 und der Druck¬ seitenwand 67 von der Anströmkante 63 zur Abströmkante 65 verläuft, mit parallel zur Hauptachse 53 und zur Profilmit¬ tenlinie 71 ausgerichteten Seitenflächen 77, 79.3 shows a detailed view of an An¬ grazing edge according to the invention. It can be clearly seen here that the sealing lip 75 extends centrally between the suction side wall 69 and the pressure side wall 67 from the leading edge 63 to the trailing edge 65, with side surfaces 77, 79 aligned parallel to the main axis 53 and the profile line 71.
Die Seitenflächen 77, 79 gehen über einen Übergangsradius R in die Stirnseitenfläche 73 über, welcher vorteilhafterweise maximal 25 Prozent der Dichtlippenhöhe HL beträgt. Hierdurch kann eine besonders niedrige Dichtlippe hergestellt werden, deren Höhe HL maximal 2 Prozent der Schaufelblatthöhe H be¬ trägt.The side surfaces 77, 79 pass over a transition radius R in the end face 73, which is advantageously at most 25 percent of the sealing lip height HL. As a result, a particularly low sealing lip can be produced, whose height HL carries a maximum of 2 percent of the blade height H be¬.
Durch die neue Geometrie und Position der Dichtlippe 75 ent- fallen fehleranfällige und kostenintensive Fertigungs¬ schritte. Hierdurch können sowohl die Fertigungskosten als auch die Ausschussrate der hergestellten Verdichterschaufeln 50 reduziert werden. Eine Verschlechterung der Spitzenspalt- verluste über den Radialspalt zwischen Verdichterschaufel 50 und Innengehäuse tritt dabei nicht auf, ebenso wenig wie Strömungsverluste aufgrund der unwesentlich verringerten, maximal möglichen aerodynamisch wirksamen Profilfläche. The new geometry and position of the sealing lip 75 eliminates error-prone and cost-intensive production steps. As a result, both the manufacturing costs and the reject rate of the manufactured compressor blades 50 can be reduced. A deterioration of the top gap losses across the radial gap between the compressor blade 50 and the inner housing does not occur, as well as flow losses due to the insignificantly reduced, maximum possible aerodynamically effective profile surface.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verdichterschaufei (50) für einen Verdichter (9), welche entlang einer Hauptachse (53) einen Schaufelfuß (55) , einen Plattformbereich (59) und ein sich daran an¬ schließendes Schaufelprofil (61) mit einer Profilspitze (72) aufweist, welches Schaufelprofil (61) von einer konvexen Saugsei¬ tenwand (69) und einer der Saugseitenwand (69) gegenüber- liegenden konkaven Druckseitenwand (67) gebildet wird, welche Wände, bezogen auf ein Strömungsmedium, sich von einer Anströmkante (65) zu einer Abströmkante (65) erstrecken und zwischen denen eine Profilmittenlinie (71) mittig verläuft, wobei an der Profilspitze (72) eine quer zur Hauptachse (53) stehende StirnseitenflMche (73) angeordnet ist, an der eine mit dem Schaufelprofil (61) einstückig ausge¬ bildete Dichtlippe (75) zumindest teilweise von der An¬ strömkante (65) zur Abströmkante (65), im Abstand von Saugseitenwand (69) und von Druckseitenwand (67) entlang der Profilmittenlinie (71) verläuft und das Schaufelprofil (61) einschließlich der Dichtlippe (74) eine in Richtung der Hauptachse (53) verlaufende Schaufelprofilhöhe (H) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe (HL) der Dichtlippe (74) weniger als zwei Prozent der"Höhe (H) des Schaufelprofils (61) beträgt.A compressor blade (50) for a compressor (9), which has a blade root (55), a platform region (59) and a blade profile (61) with a profile tip (72) adjoining it along a main axis (53), which blade profile (61) is formed by a convex suction side wall (69) and a concave pressure side wall (67) facing the suction side wall (69), which walls, relative to a flow medium, extend from a leading edge (65) to a trailing edge (65) extend and between which a profile center line (71) extends centrally, wherein on the profile tip (72) a transversely to the main axis (53) standing StirnseitenflMche (73) is arranged, on which one with the blade profile (61) integrally ausge¬ formed Sealing lip (75) extends at least partially from the An¬ strömkante (65) to the trailing edge (65), at a distance from the suction side wall (69) and the pressure side wall (67) along the profile center line (71) and the blade profile (6 1) including the sealing lip (74) in the direction of the main axis (53) extending blade profile height (H), characterized in that the height (HL) of the sealing lip (74) less than two percent of the "height (H) of the blade profile ( 61).
2. Verdichterschaufel nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Dichtlippe (75) eine saugseitige Seitenfläche (79) und eine druckseitige Seitenfläche (77) aufweist, welche parallel zur Hauptachse (53) verlaufen.2. The compressor blade according to claim 1, wherein the sealing lip (75) has a suction-side side surface (79) and a pressure-side side surface (77), which run parallel to the main axis (53).
3. Verdichterschaufel nach Anspruch 2, bei der die beiden Seitenflächen (79, 79) parallel zu der Profilmittenlinie (71) verlaufen. 3. compressor blade according to claim 2, wherein the two side surfaces (79, 79) parallel to the profile center line (71) extend.
4. Verdichterschaufei (50) nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, bei der die Seitenflächen (77,79) der Dichtlippe (75) mittels einer Anstreiffläche (81) miteinander verbunden sind, welche Anstreiffläche (81) senkrecht zu dem Radius des Rotors (5) des Verdichters (9) steht.4. compressor blade (50) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the side surfaces (77,79) of the sealing lip (75) by means of a abradable surface (81) are interconnected, which abradable surface (81) perpendicular to the radius of the rotor (5). of the compressor (9) stands.
5. Verdichterschaufel (50) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei der mindestens eine Seitenfläche (77, 79) der Dicht¬ lippe (75) mit der Stirnseitenfläche (73) über einen Radius (R) miteinander verbunden ist, dessen Größe maxi¬ mal 25 Prozent der Höhe (HL) der Dichtlippe (75) beträgt.5. compressor blade (50) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one side surface (77, 79) of the Dicht¬ lip (75) with the end face (73) via a radius (R) is interconnected, the size maxi ¬ times 25 percent of the height (HL) of the sealing lip (75) is.
6. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Dichtlippe (74) einer Ver¬ dichterschaufel (50) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an einer Profilspitze (72) eines Schaufelprofils (61) die Dichtlippe (74) mittels einer 3-Achs-Fräs-Einrichtung ge¬ fräst wird.6. A method for producing a sealing lip (74) of a Ver¬ dichterschaufel (50) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at a profile tip (72) of a blade profile (61) the sealing lip (74) by means of a 3-axis milling Device is milled ge.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, bei dem die Verdichterschaufel (50) durch Fräsen oder Präzisionsschmieden hergestellt ist.The method of claim 6, wherein the compressor blade (50) is made by milling or precision forging.
8. Verwendung der Verdichterschaufel nach einem der8. Use of the compressor blade according to one of
Ansprüche 1 bis 5 in einem Verdichter (9), insbesondere in dem Verdichter einer stationären,•' ••■axial durchströmten Gasturbine (!)■• Claims 1 to 5 in a compressor (9), particularly in the compressor of a stationary, • '• • ■ axial flow gas turbine (!) ■ •
EP05767976A 2004-08-06 2005-06-20 Compressor blade Active EP1774179B1 (en)

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PL05767976T PL1774179T3 (en) 2004-08-06 2005-06-20 Compressor blade
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EP04018728A EP1624192A1 (en) 2004-08-06 2004-08-06 Impeller blade for axial compressor
PCT/EP2005/052848 WO2006015899A1 (en) 2004-08-06 2005-06-20 Compressor blade and production and use of a compressor blade
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US8951008B2 (en) 2015-02-10
ATE519036T1 (en) 2011-08-15
EP1624192A1 (en) 2006-02-08
CN100523519C (en) 2009-08-05
JP2008509316A (en) 2008-03-27
RU2343322C2 (en) 2009-01-10
CN101035988A (en) 2007-09-12
EP1774179B1 (en) 2011-08-03
PL1774179T3 (en) 2011-12-30
MX2007001443A (en) 2007-04-19
RU2007108295A (en) 2008-09-20
CA2575948A1 (en) 2006-02-16
CA2575948C (en) 2010-10-19
ES2370402T3 (en) 2011-12-15
US20110044800A1 (en) 2011-02-24
JP4660547B2 (en) 2011-03-30

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