EP1754416A1 - Tobacco leaf processing - Google Patents
Tobacco leaf processing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1754416A1 EP1754416A1 EP05425600A EP05425600A EP1754416A1 EP 1754416 A1 EP1754416 A1 EP 1754416A1 EP 05425600 A EP05425600 A EP 05425600A EP 05425600 A EP05425600 A EP 05425600A EP 1754416 A1 EP1754416 A1 EP 1754416A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- cigar
- process according
- smoking article
- leaves
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to tobacco leaf processing, in particular, though not limited to, the processing of tobacco leaf for smoking articles, especially cigars and cigarettes made from tobacco that has been subjected to a partial fermentation process.
- Cigars of this kind are, for example, sold under the registered trademark TOSCANO.
- Smoking articles of this kind are filled with fermented threshed tobacco leaves and wrapped with non-fermented tobacco leaf.
- the tobacco used in such articles is very often a dark fire-cured Kentucky tobacco.
- tobacco After harvest, tobacco generally undergoes a curing process.
- the tobacco may be air-cured, flue-cured, or fire-cured; Kentucky tobacco is usually fire-cured.
- the production process can be divided into two distinct stages as illustrated in figure 1a.
- the two stages comprise fermentation, which is completed by manufacturing the cigars, and maturing.
- the fermentation process is a strong process characterised by very intense biological and chemical events leading to modification of the tobacco bulk physical and chemical conditions. Changes that occur during fermentation are, pH values change from acidic (5 to 5.5) to a basic value of 8 - 8.5, temperature increases from "room" temperature up to about 60 - 65°C, nitrate is converted to nitrite and levels of the main tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) increase.
- TSNAs tobacco specific nitrosamines
- Examples of the main TSNAs are 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), and N'-nitrosoanabasine (NAB).
- the leaves are partially dried and then they are mechanically threshed, wherein the midrib, side veins and lamina are separated.
- the midrib and veins are discarded and the lamina is cut into strips to form the filler for the cigar.
- the filler together with a wrapper of non-fermented tobacco leaves are combined to form the cigar that undergoes the maturing process.
- the maturing stage generally takes up to 1 year, during which time only slight modifications take place; maturing does not account for any appreciable TSNA increase. At the end of the maturing step, the cigars are ready for marketing.
- TSNA levels increase appreciably during the fermentation stage of the whole production process. Therefore, it is an aim of the present invention to provide an improved fermentation process, thereby reducing the levels of TSNA in the processed tobacco.
- the present invention provides a process of producing tobacco for use in making a smoking article, which process comprises in the following order, the steps of:
- the smoking article is a cigar or a cigarette.
- the smoking article is a cigar or a cigarette made from tobacco that has been subjected to a partial fermentation process.
- the dried tobacco obtained from step (d) is utilised to manufacture a cigar, which cigar then undergoes a further step of maturing.
- the dried tobacco produced from step (d) of the process provides the filler of the cigar and whole tobacco leaf provides the wrapper, both of which are combined in the manufacture of the cigar.
- the wrapper is formed of non-fermented whole tobacco leaf.
- the cigars are matured for a period of up to one year.
- the maturation period affects the flavour of the cigar when smoked.
- Some cigars of this kind (for example those sold under the trademark TOSCANO GARIBALDI 5 are matured for about four months, whereas those under the trademark ANTICO TOSCANO have a maturation period of about 12 months.
- the tobacco leaf undergoing step (a) of the process has been fire-cured.
- Kentucky tobacco provides the tobacco leaves.
- Tobacco leaf as harvested, comprises midrib, side veins and lamina.
- the lamina, midrib and side veins are separated, of which the midrib and side veins are discarded and strips of lamina are produced.
- the strips are dipped in water and placed in bulks to undergo fermentation according to step (c).
- the tobacco is turned daily. More preferably, the tobacco is turned once daily.
- the process as defined above reduces the level of TSNAs in the smoking article, preferably a cigar.
- Kentucky tobacco undergoes a strong fire curing process, which involves burning special wood to generate smoke that slowly penetrates the cells of the tobacco leaves. During fire curing, the tobacco leaves change in colour from green through yellow to brown.
- the cigars described in this example are characterised by a filler provided by fermented threshed leaves and a wrapper of non fermented tobacco leaves, and are made exclusively of Kentucky tobacco leaf.
- strip fermentation takes about two weeks and requires daily turning of the tobacco bulk to avoid excessive heat accumulation and to improve homogeneity.
- the lamina is dried and utilised as the filler for the cigar.
- a wrapper of whole tobacco leaves wraps the filler to produce the cigar.
- the cigar is machine produced, wherein a machine assembles the wrapper, which is pre-cut tobacco leaf and the filler to form a cigar in a single step. Starch glue is used to secure the cigar.
- the filler together with the wrapper, form the cigars that undergo the maturing process.
- the duration of maturing is dependent on the type/brand of cigar produced; for example the cigars of this kind sold under the trademark TOSCANO GARIBALDI 5 take 4 months to mature.
- the matured cigar(s) may then be packaged for sale.
- the levels of TSNA present in the tobacco may be identified by techniques known to the skilled person, for example gas chromatography.
- the process according to the present invention (figure 1b) produces lower levels of TSNA accumulation during fermentation than the prior art process (figure 1a).
- lower levels of TSNAs were identifiable in cigars produced by the process according to the present invention (figure 1b) than those produced by the prior art process (figure 1a).
- a range of 70-150 mg/Kg of TSNA was recorded in tobacco from the prior art process (figure 1a), whereas in the production of tobacco according to the process of the present invention (figure 1b) a range of 20-50 mg/kg was recorded.
- a process of producing a cigar is described. Post-curing, whole tobacco leaves are threshed such that the leaf components are separated and the lamina is turned into strips. Tobacco strips are dipped and fermented for a period of time before being dried. The dried tobacco provides a filler for the cigar, which filler is wrapped in tobacco leaf to produce the cigar, which is matured for a period.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
Abstract
A process of producing a smoking article, preferably a cigar is described. After harvest, whole tobacco leaves are cured. Post-curing the leaves are threshed such that the leaf components are separated and the lamina is turned into strips. Tobacco strips are dipped and fermented for a period of time before being dried. The dried tobacco provides a filler for the cigar, which filler is wrapped in tobacco leaf to produce the smoking article , which is matured for a period.
Description
- The present invention relates to tobacco leaf processing, in particular, though not limited to, the processing of tobacco leaf for smoking articles, especially cigars and cigarettes made from tobacco that has been subjected to a partial fermentation process. Cigars of this kind are, for example, sold under the registered trademark TOSCANO.
- Smoking articles of this kind are filled with fermented threshed tobacco leaves and wrapped with non-fermented tobacco leaf. The tobacco used in such articles is very often a dark fire-cured Kentucky tobacco.
- After harvest, tobacco generally undergoes a curing process. The tobacco may be air-cured, flue-cured, or fire-cured; Kentucky tobacco is usually fire-cured.
- Subsequent to curing, the production process can be divided into two distinct stages as illustrated in figure 1a. The two stages comprise fermentation, which is completed by manufacturing the cigars, and maturing.
- In the prior art process (see figure 1a) whole tobacco leaf, which includes midrib, side veins and lamina, is dipped in water before being placed in bulks capable of containing up to 500kg of moist tobacco. These conditions mark the start of the fermentation process, which lasts around three weeks, during which time the tobacco is periodically turned, usually at 3 to 4 day intervals, such as to avoid excessive heat accumulation and to improve homogeneity.
- The fermentation process is a strong process characterised by very intense biological and chemical events leading to modification of the tobacco bulk physical and chemical conditions. Changes that occur during fermentation are, pH values change from acidic (5 to 5.5) to a basic value of 8 - 8.5, temperature increases from "room" temperature up to about 60 - 65°C, nitrate is converted to nitrite and levels of the main tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) increase. Examples of the main TSNAs are 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), and N'-nitrosoanabasine (NAB).
- At the end of the fermentation process the leaves are partially dried and then they are mechanically threshed, wherein the midrib, side veins and lamina are separated. The midrib and veins are discarded and the lamina is cut into strips to form the filler for the cigar. The filler together with a wrapper of non-fermented tobacco leaves are combined to form the cigar that undergoes the maturing process.
- The maturing stage generally takes up to 1 year, during which time only slight modifications take place; maturing does not account for any appreciable TSNA increase. At the end of the maturing step, the cigars are ready for marketing.
- TSNA levels increase appreciably during the fermentation stage of the whole production process. Therefore, it is an aim of the present invention to provide an improved fermentation process, thereby reducing the levels of TSNA in the processed tobacco.
- Accordingly, the present invention provides a process of producing tobacco for use in making a smoking article, which process comprises in the following order, the steps of:
- (a) threshing cured tobacco leaves;
- (b) dipping a selected part of the cured leaves of step (a);
- (c) fermenting the result of step (b); and
- (d) drying the result of step (c).
- Preferably, the smoking article is a cigar or a cigarette.
- Preferably, the smoking article is a cigar or a cigarette made from tobacco that has been subjected to a partial fermentation process.
- Preferably, the dried tobacco obtained from step (d) is utilised to manufacture a cigar, which cigar then undergoes a further step of maturing. The dried tobacco produced from step (d) of the process provides the filler of the cigar and whole tobacco leaf provides the wrapper, both of which are combined in the manufacture of the cigar. Preferably, the wrapper is formed of non-fermented whole tobacco leaf.
- Preferably, the cigars are matured for a period of up to one year. The maturation period affects the flavour of the cigar when smoked. Some cigars of this kind (for example those sold under the trademark TOSCANO GARIBALDI 5 are matured for about four months, whereas those under the trademark ANTICO TOSCANO have a maturation period of about 12 months.
- Preferably, the tobacco leaf undergoing step (a) of the process has been fire-cured.
- Preferably, Kentucky tobacco provides the tobacco leaves.
- Tobacco leaf, as harvested, comprises midrib, side veins and lamina. During threshing, the lamina, midrib and side veins are separated, of which the midrib and side veins are discarded and strips of lamina are produced. The strips are dipped in water and placed in bulks to undergo fermentation according to step (c).
- Preferably, during fermentation the tobacco is turned daily. More preferably, the tobacco is turned once daily.
- Advantageously, the process as defined above reduces the level of TSNAs in the smoking article, preferably a cigar.
- Embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- Figures 1a shows the process steps of known tobacco production; and
- Figure 1b shows the process steps of tobacco production in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Referring to figure 1b, the process of producing cigars from fire-cured Kentucky tobacco, is illustrated.
- After harvest, Kentucky tobacco undergoes a strong fire curing process, which involves burning special wood to generate smoke that slowly penetrates the cells of the tobacco leaves. During fire curing, the tobacco leaves change in colour from green through yellow to brown.
- Cured Kentucky leaves are used as the starting material for the process.
- The cigars described in this example are characterised by a filler provided by fermented threshed leaves and a wrapper of non fermented tobacco leaves, and are made exclusively of Kentucky tobacco leaf.
- In the process according to an example of the present invention, after fire curing the tobacco, whole tobacco leaf is mechanically threshed such that the lamina is separated from the midrib and side veins. Strips of lamina are produced suitable for filling the cigar. The strips of lamina are dipped in water before being placed in bulks of moist tobacco to undergo the fermentation process, hereinafter referred to as strip fermentation. Strip fermentation takes about two weeks and requires daily turning of the tobacco bulk to avoid excessive heat accumulation and to improve homogeneity.
- At the end of the fermentation process the lamina is dried and utilised as the filler for the cigar. A wrapper of whole tobacco leaves wraps the filler to produce the cigar.
- The cigar is machine produced, wherein a machine assembles the wrapper, which is pre-cut tobacco leaf and the filler to form a cigar in a single step. Starch glue is used to secure the cigar.
- The filler, together with the wrapper, form the cigars that undergo the maturing process. The duration of maturing is dependent on the type/brand of cigar produced; for example the cigars of this kind sold under the trademark TOSCANO GARIBALDI 5 take 4 months to mature.
- The matured cigar(s) may then be packaged for sale.
- Sensory test evaluation showed no significant differences between cigars produced from the prior art process (figure 1a) and those formed from the process according to the present invention (figure 1b).
- After fermentation, the levels of TSNA present in the tobacco may be identified by techniques known to the skilled person, for example gas chromatography. Comparatively, the process according to the present invention (figure 1b) produces lower levels of TSNA accumulation during fermentation than the prior art process (figure 1a). Considerably lower levels of TSNAs were identifiable in cigars produced by the process according to the present invention (figure 1b) than those produced by the prior art process (figure 1a). At the end of the fermentation process, a range of 70-150 mg/Kg of TSNA was recorded in tobacco from the prior art process (figure 1a), whereas in the production of tobacco according to the process of the present invention (figure 1b) a range of 20-50 mg/kg was recorded.
- In summary, a process of producing a cigar is described. Post-curing, whole tobacco leaves are threshed such that the leaf components are separated and the lamina is turned into strips. Tobacco strips are dipped and fermented for a period of time before being dried. The dried tobacco provides a filler for the cigar, which filler is wrapped in tobacco leaf to produce the cigar, which is matured for a period.
- All publications mentioned in the above specification are herein incorporated by reference. Various modifications and variations of the described methods of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in cigar manufacture or related fields are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (18)
- A process of producing tobacco for use in making a smoking article, which process comprises the following consecutive steps:(a) threshing cured tobacco leaves;(b) dipping a selected part of the cured leaves of step (a);(c) fermenting the result of step (b); and(d) drying the result of step (c).
- A process according to claim 1, comprising the further consecutive step of (e) manufacturing a smoking article.
- A process according to claim 2, comprising the further consecutive step of (f) maturing the smoking article.
- A process according to claim 3, wherein the smoking article is matured for a period of about three months to thirteen months, preferably being matured for a period of about four months to twelve months.
- A process according to any preceding claim wherein step (a) further comprises separating tobacco leaf parts and forming strips of lamina.
- A process according to any preceding claim wherein the selected part in step (b) comprises lamina strips.
- A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein during step (c) the tobacco is turned daily.
- A process according to any one of the preceding claims wherein during step (c) the tobacco is turned once daily.
- A process according to any one of the preceding claims wherein Kentucky tobacco provides the tobacco leaves.
- A process according to any preceding claim comprising the further consecutive step of (g) packaging the smoking article.
- A process according to any preceding claim, wherein the smoking article is a cigar or a cigarette.
- A process according to any preceding claim, wherein the smoking article is a cigar.
- Matured tobacco made by the process of any of the preceding claims.
- A cigar made by the process of any of claims 1 to 12.
- A cigar according to claim 14, which cigar is packaged, preferably packaged for sale.
- A process as substantially as described herein and with reference to Figure 1b.
- Matured tobacco as substantially as described herein and with reference to Figure 1b.
- A cigar as substantially as described herein and with reference to Figure 1b.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05425600A EP1754416A1 (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2005-08-19 | Tobacco leaf processing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05425600A EP1754416A1 (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2005-08-19 | Tobacco leaf processing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1754416A1 true EP1754416A1 (en) | 2007-02-21 |
Family
ID=37339620
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05425600A Withdrawn EP1754416A1 (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2005-08-19 | Tobacco leaf processing |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1754416A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104432450A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-03-25 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | Tobacco leaf threshing and redrying pretreatment process |
US9462754B2 (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2016-10-11 | Universal Leaf Tobacco Company, Inc. | Tobacco production system |
CN106263006A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-01-04 | 北京达特集成技术有限责任公司 | A kind of sharing seals gate-type warehousing system and parasite killing control method thereof |
CN108523202A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-09-14 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | A kind of multi-functional threshing and redrying production line processing technology of tobacco leaf phyllopodium blade tip |
CN110122920A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-08-16 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A method of utilizing microbial flora fermentation process cigar tobacco |
CN111109632A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-08 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Quality control method and system based on water immersion type tobacco stem moisture regaining |
CN113974195A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-01-28 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Production method of cigar |
CN114931227A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-08-23 | 河南农业大学 | Method for quickly judging moisture of cigar tobacco leaves in air-curing process |
CN114947179A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-08-30 | 云南香料烟有限责任公司 | Factory fermentation method of cigars |
CN115191641A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-10-18 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Preparation method and application of flue-cured tobacco extract with cigar flavor |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3067068A (en) * | 1959-03-09 | 1962-12-04 | E R B Tobacco Products Co Inc | Tobacco-like composition |
DE3822785A1 (en) * | 1987-07-11 | 1989-01-19 | Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg | Method and arrangement for preparing green tobacco |
WO1996014763A1 (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1996-05-23 | Brown D G | JACK AND JILL ßßß ßßß |
-
2005
- 2005-08-19 EP EP05425600A patent/EP1754416A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3067068A (en) * | 1959-03-09 | 1962-12-04 | E R B Tobacco Products Co Inc | Tobacco-like composition |
DE3822785A1 (en) * | 1987-07-11 | 1989-01-19 | Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg | Method and arrangement for preparing green tobacco |
WO1996014763A1 (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1996-05-23 | Brown D G | JACK AND JILL ßßß ßßß |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9462754B2 (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2016-10-11 | Universal Leaf Tobacco Company, Inc. | Tobacco production system |
CN104432450A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-03-25 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | Tobacco leaf threshing and redrying pretreatment process |
CN104432450B (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-01-20 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | A kind of beating and double roasting tobacco leaf pre-treating technology |
CN106263006A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-01-04 | 北京达特集成技术有限责任公司 | A kind of sharing seals gate-type warehousing system and parasite killing control method thereof |
CN106263006B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2019-07-09 | 北京达特集成技术有限责任公司 | One kind sharing sealing gate-type warehousing system and its desinsection control method |
CN108523202A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-09-14 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | A kind of multi-functional threshing and redrying production line processing technology of tobacco leaf phyllopodium blade tip |
CN110122920A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-08-16 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A method of utilizing microbial flora fermentation process cigar tobacco |
CN111109632A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-08 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Quality control method and system based on water immersion type tobacco stem moisture regaining |
CN113974195A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-01-28 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Production method of cigar |
CN113974195B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-06-30 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cigar production method |
CN114931227A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-08-23 | 河南农业大学 | Method for quickly judging moisture of cigar tobacco leaves in air-curing process |
CN114947179A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-08-30 | 云南香料烟有限责任公司 | Factory fermentation method of cigars |
CN114947179B (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2023-07-07 | 云南香料烟有限责任公司 | Industrial fermentation method of cigars |
CN115191641A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-10-18 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Preparation method and application of flue-cured tobacco extract with cigar flavor |
CN115191641B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2023-07-07 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Preparation method and application of flue-cured tobacco extract with cigar flavor |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1754416A1 (en) | Tobacco leaf processing | |
US4516590A (en) | Air-cured bright tobacco filler, blends and smoking articles | |
KR100458420B1 (en) | Method of treating tobacco to reduce nitrosamine content, and products produced thereby | |
AU2012320788B2 (en) | Multi-segment smoking article | |
KR102270943B1 (en) | Methods for reducing one or more tobacco specific nitrosamines in tobacco material | |
JP2014511672A (en) | Dried tobacco and dry treatment method | |
EP3062642A1 (en) | Tobacco material and treatment thereof | |
US20230107024A1 (en) | Tobacco having reduced tobacco specific nitrosamine content | |
EP2763558B1 (en) | Multi-segment smoking article | |
Darkis et al. | Cigarette tobaccos. Chemical changes that occur during processing | |
WO2015032871A1 (en) | Flavour transfer system for tobacco | |
US11317649B2 (en) | Material for inclusion in a smoking article | |
Bailey et al. | The Modern Cigaret Industry | |
US3730189A (en) | Tobacco product |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8566 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20070822 |