EP1752707A2 - Abhitzekessel zur Erzeugung von überkritischem Dampf mit nach unten gerichteten Brennern - Google Patents

Abhitzekessel zur Erzeugung von überkritischem Dampf mit nach unten gerichteten Brennern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1752707A2
EP1752707A2 EP06270029A EP06270029A EP1752707A2 EP 1752707 A2 EP1752707 A2 EP 1752707A2 EP 06270029 A EP06270029 A EP 06270029A EP 06270029 A EP06270029 A EP 06270029A EP 1752707 A2 EP1752707 A2 EP 1752707A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boiler
tube
downshot
water
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06270029A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1752707A3 (de
EP1752707B1 (de
EP1752707A8 (de
Inventor
Mark Upton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doosan Babcock Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsui Babcock Energy Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsui Babcock Energy Ltd filed Critical Mitsui Babcock Energy Ltd
Priority to PL06270029T priority Critical patent/PL1752707T3/pl
Publication of EP1752707A2 publication Critical patent/EP1752707A2/de
Publication of EP1752707A8 publication Critical patent/EP1752707A8/de
Publication of EP1752707A3 publication Critical patent/EP1752707A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1752707B1 publication Critical patent/EP1752707B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G3/00—Steam superheaters characterised by constructional features; Details of component parts thereof
    • F22G3/006—Steam superheaters with heating tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
    • F22B21/348—Radiation boilers with a burner at the top
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/02—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of forced-circulation type
    • F22B29/023—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of forced-circulation type without drums, i.e. without hot water storage in the boiler
    • F22B29/026—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of forced-circulation type without drums, i.e. without hot water storage in the boiler operating at critical or supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/067—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes operating at critical or supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B3/00—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F22B3/08—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass at critical or supercritical pressure values
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G7/00—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
    • F22G7/14—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition in water-tube boilers, e.g. between banks of water tubes
    • F22G7/145—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition in water-tube boilers, e.g. between banks of water tubes of inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined with respect to the horizontal plane

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to boilers.
  • the invention relates to boilers capable of utilising low volatile fuels during supercritical conditions.
  • Modern power plants are designed to achieve high efficiency. Aside from the economical advantages, this also has environmental advantages, such as the reducing of fuel usage, the quantity of ash generated, and the levels of pollutants and carbon dioxide emitted.
  • the first type utilizes vertically orientated tubes and operates at tube mass fluxes of 1500 kg/m 2 s or greater (high mass flow).
  • the tubes must be appropriately sized, typically between 15 and 45 mm inside diameter, and arranged either in a single pass or in multiple passes in the lower portion of the boiler furnace in which the burners are located and the heat input is high to ensure sufficient cooling.
  • a vertical tube arrangement does not require additional support members, other than for structural rigidity.
  • the second type of supercritical boiler utilizes a spiral arrangement of tubes to form the lower portion of the boiler furnace in which the burners are located and the heat input is high to ensure sufficient cooling.
  • This spiral arrangement utilizes fewer tubes to obtain the desired flow per tube by wrapping them around the boiler to create the enclosure.
  • the arrangement also has the benefit of passing all tubes through all heat zones to maintain a substantially even fluid temperature at the outlet of this lower portion of the boiler furnace.
  • Boilers are either natural circulation, assisted circulation or once-through in type. All of these can operate at sub-critical steam conditions but only once-through boilers offer the possibility of operation at supercritical steam conditions.
  • the most commonly used type of once-through boiler is the Benson boiler. It typically operates at power levels of up to 1,300 MWe, steam pressures of up to 350 bar, and steam temperatures of up to 600°C or more.
  • Such boilers can provide an efficient water/steam cycle, high steam temperatures, insensitivity of steam output and steam temperature to fluctuating fuel properties, the capability for rapid load changes due to variable-pressure operation, and short start-up times.
  • the mass flow is normally too high to allow the flow to naturally redistribute to the tubes having a higher heat input to protect them from overheating.
  • a high mass flow once-through boiler will have a forced circulation characteristic such that the flow decreases with increasing heat input. While a natural circulation boiler tube receiving more heat than the average tube naturally draws more flow, which increases cooling and protects the tube from overheating, in a once-through forced circulation boiler with high mass flow the tube receiving more heat than the average tube receives less flow. This can result in further increasing tube wall temperatures and potential tube failure.
  • both the vertical tube and the spiral tube supercritical boiler require a relatively high mass flow per tube for cooling.
  • Boiler designs with medium mass flow have been attempted in once-through forced circulation boilers. However, these boilers typically have a poorer performance than the high mass flow designs. When the mass flow is reduced during load reduction in a tube receiving more heat than the average, the remaining flow will be less able to provide acceptable cooling.
  • a recent development is to use vertical tubing with a lower mass flow (less than 1300 kg/m 2 s in the furnace tubes), the tubes being internally ribbed or rifled. Heat transfer in a rifled tube is improved, especially during evaporation, because centrifugal forces transport the water fraction of the wet steam to the tube wall. The resulting wall wetting results in a higher heat transfer from the wall to the fluid.
  • a vertical tube arrangement using rifling allows a design with a lower mass flow which in turn changes the flow characteristics of a once-through system. Increased heat input to an individual tube leads to increased throughput for the tube concerned due to natural circulation or positive flow characteristic.
  • the size and geometrical arrangement of the internal ribs or rifling of the tubing needs to be optimised to allow a sufficient reduction of mass flow to enable a once-through boiler furnace to be cooled successfully in a single vertical pass.
  • Downshot, or 'W' flame, boiler technology is the most widely used for burning low volatile coals. These boiler types are especially suitable for use with anthracite coals, which are coals containing less than 10% volatile matter (dry, ash free).
  • anthracite coals which are coals containing less than 10% volatile matter (dry, ash free).
  • the geometric configuration of the downshot 'W' flame boiler does not lend itself to the adoption of once-through supercritical steam conditions for reasons of complicated manufacturing, erecting and supporting this downshot arrangement of boiler with the preferred spiral arrangement of tubing.
  • Static pressure is due to the weight of a column of steam and water and therefore depends on the density and height involved.
  • the total static pressure drop can be obtained from integrating the heights and densities over the circuit height. The greater the heat input, the more steam will be generated, and this lower density entails a lower static pressure. However, a higher heat input requires sufficient cooling.
  • Dynamic pressure losses arise from friction between the fluid and the tube wall, from turbulence and by accelerating the flow. These losses are functions of the specific volume, tube geometry and the mass flow. The greater the heat input, the more steam will be generated and so the greater the dynamic losses.
  • a downshot boiler for heating water comprising:
  • each tube includes a substantially linear portion.
  • each tube includes a substantially vertical portion.
  • the downshot boiler includes a plurality of tubes.
  • the boiler includes a plurality of support members.
  • one or more support member is provided at the front wall of the boiler.
  • one or more support members are provided at the rear wall of the boiler.
  • each tube has a single inlet and a single outlet.
  • a method of heating water comprising:
  • Fig. 1 (a) and (b) show a vertical tube and a spiral tube supercritical boiler respectively, and a flow diagram for these boilers is shown in Fig. 2 (a) and (b) respectively.
  • Each of the boilers 100, 102 has a lower portion 110, or first combustion chamber, and an upper portion 112.
  • Each of the boilers 100, 102 has a number of vertically orientated tubes 120 at the upper portion 112, but the spiral boiler 102 has a helical arrangement of tubes 122 in the lower portion of the boiler 102.
  • the tubes typically have an inside diameter of around 15 to 45 mm, and a sufficiently high mass flow per tube must be used to ensure sufficient cooling.
  • Fig. 3 shows the tube flow response ratio plotted against the mass flow rate. The figure shows that a higher mass flow rate leads to a negative flow response.
  • Fig. 2(c) shows an ideal flow diagram in which the flow response allows a single pass in the lower portion 110 without the need for a complex arrangement of tubes and where there is sufficient cooling of the tubes.
  • Fig. 4 shows a boiler according to the present invention.
  • the boiler is used to generate steam for a dedicated turbo-alternator set.
  • a number of support members 40 provide structural support to the boiler.
  • the boiler is a downshot boiler and has a lower portion 10 defining a first combustion chamber and an upper portion 12.
  • Heating means is provided in the form of a number of downshot burners 22 which are mounted on arches 14 of the boiler to apply heat to the lower portion 10.
  • combusted fuel from the burner 22 is directed to the base of the boiler. Subsequently, the profile of the boiler causes the combusted fuel to be conveyed upwards, resulting in a 'w' shaped flame.
  • Downshot boilers are widely used for burning low volatile coals as they provide a longer residence time for the fuel in the boiler.
  • a half section of the 'W' shaped furnace may be used. This is called a 'U' fired shape.
  • the fuel used is coal, which is first dried and milled to form a pulverised fuel. This is conveyed through pipes 20 to the downshot burners 22 using a heated air stream. The fuel is blown into the lower portion 10 of the boiler to be combusted.
  • the heat released is absorbed in the boiler walls 14 which are water-cooled
  • the tubes are provided within the boiler wall and are substantially vertical in orientation.
  • the internal bore of the tubes is rifled or ribbed. The heat absorbed converts the water within the tubes to steam.
  • the tubes are arranged such that the number of bends in the tubes are minimised. This is partly achieved using the vertical arrangement. This tube arrangement results in the correct pressure loss at the appropriate location, which is important to boilers using a low mass flow.
  • the internal diameter of the tubes is between 15 and 45 mm which is considerably less than for natural circulation sub critical 'W' firing downshot boilers. This reduces the load bearing capacity but assists in allowing the use of a lower mass flow rate.
  • the boiler heats the water to a supercritical condition.
  • the steam generated is superheated in the upper portion 12 of the boiler and superheater sections, shown typically as a primary superheater 33, a platen superheater 30 and a final superheater 32 before being transported to the turbine.
  • the steam is returned to the boiler to be reheated using a reheater 34, before final expansion within intermediate power and low power turbine cylinders.
  • the condensate is pumped back to the boiler for reuse.
  • the products of combustion are cooled using an economiser 36 which receives water being fed to the boiler.
  • the gases are then cleaned using a number of downstream processes to remove particulates or unwanted gases such as a sulphur monoxide or nitrogen monoxide.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
EP06270029A 2005-03-10 2006-03-03 Abhitzekessel zur Erzeugung von überkritischem Dampf mit nach unten gerichteten Brennern Not-in-force EP1752707B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL06270029T PL1752707T3 (pl) 2005-03-10 2006-03-03 Kocioł z palnikami stropowymi działający z wykorzystaniem pary o parametrach nadkrytycznych

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US66040205P 2005-03-10 2005-03-10

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1752707A2 true EP1752707A2 (de) 2007-02-14
EP1752707A8 EP1752707A8 (de) 2007-05-09
EP1752707A3 EP1752707A3 (de) 2007-06-06
EP1752707B1 EP1752707B1 (de) 2010-08-25

Family

ID=36993863

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06270029A Not-in-force EP1752707B1 (de) 2005-03-10 2006-03-03 Abhitzekessel zur Erzeugung von überkritischem Dampf mit nach unten gerichteten Brennern

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20060213457A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1752707B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1831426A (de)
AT (1) ATE479053T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602006016382D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2350946T3 (de)
PL (1) PL1752707T3 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010038885A1 (de) * 2010-08-04 2012-02-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger
CN103115353A (zh) * 2013-03-04 2013-05-22 章礼道 半“w”火焰燃烧超临界电站锅炉

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006005208A1 (de) * 2006-02-02 2007-08-16 Hitachi Power Europe Gmbh Hängender Dampferzeuger
CN101280915B (zh) * 2008-05-07 2012-12-19 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 在侧墙上设置空气喷嘴的“w”火焰锅炉炉膛
JP5931693B2 (ja) * 2012-10-25 2016-06-08 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 中小容量火力発電プラントのリプレース又はリノベーションの方法及び中小容量火力発電プラント用ボイラのリプレース又はリノベーションの方法
CN109764328B (zh) * 2018-12-12 2020-08-25 华中科技大学 一种超临界二氧化碳锅炉使用方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1551036A1 (de) 1967-04-22 1970-04-23 Riley Stoker Corp Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Dampf im hyperkritischen Druck- und Temperaturbereich

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010038885A1 (de) * 2010-08-04 2012-02-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger
DE102010038885B4 (de) * 2010-08-04 2017-01-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger
CN103115353A (zh) * 2013-03-04 2013-05-22 章礼道 半“w”火焰燃烧超临界电站锅炉
CN103115353B (zh) * 2013-03-04 2015-06-17 章礼道 半“w”火焰燃烧超临界电站锅炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1752707A3 (de) 2007-06-06
US20060213457A1 (en) 2006-09-28
ES2350946T3 (es) 2011-01-28
EP1752707B1 (de) 2010-08-25
CN1831426A (zh) 2006-09-13
ATE479053T1 (de) 2010-09-15
DE602006016382D1 (de) 2010-10-07
EP1752707A8 (de) 2007-05-09
PL1752707T3 (pl) 2011-02-28

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