EP1750529B1 - Tabakfüllstoff mit niedrigem stickstoffgehalt - Google Patents
Tabakfüllstoff mit niedrigem stickstoffgehalt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1750529B1 EP1750529B1 EP05739814A EP05739814A EP1750529B1 EP 1750529 B1 EP1750529 B1 EP 1750529B1 EP 05739814 A EP05739814 A EP 05739814A EP 05739814 A EP05739814 A EP 05739814A EP 1750529 B1 EP1750529 B1 EP 1750529B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- refined
- fiber portion
- extract
- aqueous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 191
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 50
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 25
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims description 190
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 105
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- AGBQKNBQESQNJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lipoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC1CCSS1 AGBQKNBQESQNJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 34
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 34
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 34
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 108010020132 microbial serine proteinases Proteins 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 12
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 5
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-FWCWNIRPSA-N 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid Natural products O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)C[C@H]1OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CWVRJTMFETXNAD-FWCWNIRPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JMGZEFIQIZZSBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bioquercetin Natural products CC1OC(OCC(O)C2OC(OC3=C(Oc4cc(O)cc(O)c4C3=O)c5ccc(O)c(O)c5)C(O)C2O)C(O)C(O)C1O JMGZEFIQIZZSBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PZIRUHCJZBGLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caffeoylquinic acid Natural products CC(CCC(=O)C(C)C1C(=O)CC2C3CC(O)C4CC(O)CCC4(C)C3CCC12C)C(=O)O PZIRUHCJZBGLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-KLZCAUPSSA-N Neochlorogenin-saeure Natural products O[C@H]1C[C@@](O)(C[C@@H](OC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O CWVRJTMFETXNAD-KLZCAUPSSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-JUHZACGLSA-N chlorogenic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)C[C@H]1OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CWVRJTMFETXNAD-JUHZACGLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940074393 chlorogenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- FFQSDFBBSXGVKF-KHSQJDLVSA-N chlorogenic acid Natural products O[C@@H]1C[C@](O)(C[C@@H](CC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O FFQSDFBBSXGVKF-KHSQJDLVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000001368 chlorogenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- BMRSEYFENKXDIS-KLZCAUPSSA-N cis-3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid Natural products O[C@H]1C[C@@](O)(C[C@@H](OC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)cc2)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O BMRSEYFENKXDIS-KLZCAUPSSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IVTMALDHFAHOGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N eriodictyol 7-O-rutinoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(C)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC=2C=C3C(C(C(O)=C(O3)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=CC=3)=O)=C(O)C=2)O1 IVTMALDHFAHOGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- FDRQPMVGJOQVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N quercetin rutinoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC=2C(C3=C(O)C=C(O)C=C3OC=2C=2C=C(O)C(O)=CC=2)=O)O1 FDRQPMVGJOQVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IKGXIBQEEMLURG-BKUODXTLSA-N rutin Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@@H]1OC[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC=2C(C3=C(O)C=C(O)C=C3OC=2C=2C=C(O)C(O)=CC=2)=O)O1 IKGXIBQEEMLURG-BKUODXTLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ALABRVAAKCSLSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N rutin Natural products CC1OC(OCC2OC(O)C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C(O)C1OC3=C(Oc4cc(O)cc(O)c4C3=O)c5ccc(O)c(O)c5 ALABRVAAKCSLSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000005493 rutin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229960004555 rutoside Drugs 0.000 description 4
- RODXRVNMMDRFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N scopoletin Chemical class C1=CC(=O)OC2=C1C=C(OC)C(O)=C2 RODXRVNMMDRFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000006395 Globulins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010044091 Globulins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 108060006613 prolamin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XXRYFVCIMARHRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl n-dimethoxyphosphorylcarbamate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)NC(=O)OC(C)C XXRYFVCIMARHRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZWWPUTXBJEENE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-2-[[1-[5-amino-2-[[1-[2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound C1CCC(C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N2C(CCC2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O)N1C(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HZWWPUTXBJEENE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010061711 Gliadin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010056079 Subtilisins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005158 Subtilisins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010009355 microbial metalloproteinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004005 nitrosamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007925 protein solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001799 protein solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940024999 proteolytic enzymes for treatment of wounds and ulcers Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/12—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/12—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco
- A24B15/14—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco made of tobacco and a binding agent not derived from tobacco
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to tobacco and reconstituted tobacco smoking materials and methods of making same. More particularly, the present invention relates to the materials and methods that provide smoking materials with low nitrogen content.
- Tobacco material contains various nitrogenous compounds that can adversely affect its smoke quality.
- these nitrogenous compounds are proteins, amino acids, heterocyclic aromatic amines, tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNA), as well as other compounds formed by pyrolysis or transfer of these nitrogenous compounds. It has been determined that tobacco quality is improved by reducing its nitrogen content. It has been found to be relatively easy to remove protein from uncured tobacco leaf, however there are disadvantages to removing protein before curing. The protein broken down during curing form flavor compounds that are important contributors to the organoleptic properties of the smoke. Another disadvantage is that efficient extraction of green leaf usually necessitates tobacco structural changes which make it difficult to produce shredded tobacco suitable for use as a cigarette filler. Tobacco processing sometimes includes steps in which the nitrogen content of the tobacco is reduced, so as to improve the smokability of the tobacco. However, nitrogenous compounds, especially proteins, are difficult to extract from cured tobacco lamina, stem, and fiber cell walls.
- Plant proteins are divided into four major classes: albumins; globulins; prolamins (also known as gliadins); and, glutelins.
- Albumins are soluble in water, whereas globulins are soluble in dilute salt solutions.
- Prolamins are soluble in dilute acid or alkali solutions, while glutelins are soluble in alcohol solutions.
- Insoluble proteins make up 85% to 95% of the total proteins found in cured tobacco. These insoluble proteins are globular in conformation, and are bound to lipoidal organocellular membranes of fiber or cellulose cell walls.
- Solubilization and extraction of these insoluble proteins have proven difficult when using water or solvents under moderate digestion conditions (i.e. less than 100° C at 4.48-4.83 bar (65-70 psig) and with shredded tobacco of size suitable for cigarette manufacture. Partial removal of protein from cured tobacco can be accomplished by extraction with water, with the efficiency of the extraction improving as the particle size is reduced. However, for shredded tobacco of the size normally used for cigarette manufacture, most of the protein cannot be extracted by water alone. This difficulty is due in large part to the compact and rigid structure of fiber cells. Penetration of rigid cell wall structure by solvents has proven feasible only after thermal and/or mechanical sample treatment. However, the common result of such sample treatment is poor recovery of the solvated particulate material. Moreover, cell wall penetration does not necessarily lead to protein solubilization, since plant proteins differ in their conformity and solubilization patterns.
- Bernasek et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,887,618
- tobacco residue remaining after extraction is separated from the solution, mixed with water and treated with a proteolytic enzyme.
- the protein-reduced tobacco is separated from the enzyme solution, rinsed and dried.
- the water extract is concentrated and added back to the protein reduced tobacco.
- the advantage described by Bernasek et al. for this process is that the water soluble flavor components of tobacco and the nicotine can be retained in the final product.
- DeGrandpre et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,311,886 ) teaches a process where cut tobacco is extracted in an aqueous solution having a surfactant and proteolytic enzyme.
- the proteolytic enzyme if used, is chosen from the group comprising the bacterial and fungal enzymes.
- the enzymes used commercially in the food and detergent industries ie. Savinase*, Neutrase*, Enzobake* or Alcalase*
- These enzymes were added to the solution in the concentration range 0.1% to 5% w/w of the tobacco material. *Trade-mark
- Mua, et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 6,508,254 ) relates to a method for providing a reconstituted tobacco material having a reduced nitrogenous content without having the problems associated with the use of enzymes.
- the tobacco material in the form of flue cured and burley whole leaf, stems, fines, lamina or scraps, and/or burley stems was first contacted with an aqueous solvent.
- the resulting liquid extract was then separated from the tobacco fiber portion.
- the tobacco-fiber portion was then contacted with a solution containing sodium acetate and/or sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. This solution was also separated from the tobacco fiber portion.
- the tobacco fiber portion may then have been washed, refined and processed into reconstituted tobacco sheets.
- the liquid extract from the aqueous solvent extraction may have been concentrated and added back to the sheets.
- the present invention relates to a method for providing a reconstituted tobacco containing material having a reduced nitrogenous content.
- the process starts with flue cured and / or burley tobacco in the form of whole leaf, stems, fines, lamina or scraps.
- the tobacco material is first contacted with an aqueous solvent.
- the resulting liquid extract is separated from the tobacco fiber portion.
- the tobacco fiber portion is then processed according to the present invention.
- the weak extract liquid (WEL) may be discarded, processed and/or concentrated and added back to the processed fiber portion.
- the tobacco fiber portion is then refined and digested with an alkali solution.
- the resulting tobacco material is then mixed with cellulose fibers and optionally inert materials.
- the inert materials may be inorganic or organic.
- the inorganic inert material that may be mixed with the tobacco fibers and cellulose includes CaCO 3 , MgO, MgCO 3 and combinations thereof.
- the organic inert materials that may be mixed with the tobacco fibers and cellulose include chitosan, liposan and combinations thereof. Additionally, both the organic and inorganic inert materials may be mixed together with the tobacco and cellulose material.
- These combined materials may then be cast into sheet via a papermaking process or a binder and a humectant may be added and the material cast into sheet via bandcast sheet processing.
- the inert materials may include up to 20% of the finished sheet produced by the present invention.
- the tobacco fiber portion may make up to 50% of the finished sheet produced by the present invention.
- the finished sheet includes between approximately 10% to
- the liquid extract or WEL from the aqueous solvent extraction may be discarded or added back to the fiber portion. If the WEL is to be added back to the fiber portion, it may be processed and/or concentrated. If the smoking material is to be cast into sheet by a paper making process, then the WEL is added back directly to the formed sheet. If the smoking material is to be cast into sheet by a bandcast process, then the WEL is added back just prior to the bandcast sheet processing. These finished sheets may then be used in smoking articles, such as cigarettes.
- the reduction of nitrogenous compounds in the smoking material provides for improved smokability and a reduction in nitrogen containing pyrolitic products emitted from smoking articles which contain the tobacco material.
- the present invention is directed to a method for reducing the nitrogenous content of a smoking material.
- a better understanding of the present invention will be realized from the hereafter processes and the Examples following such description.
- tobacco materials 10 in the form of flue cured and/or burley stems, scraps, fines, and cut lamina are contacted at process station 11 with an aqueous solvent, such as water, at a temperature of about 60° C to 90° C for about 0.25 to 1 hour.
- an aqueous solvent such as water
- the contacting of the tobacco with an aqueous solvent, process station 11, may be conducted in a tank or similar mixing vessel in which the solvent and tobacco are heated and may be agitated or stirred.
- the resulting aqueous tobacco extract or weak extract liquid (WEL), containing flavor compounds is separated from the tobacco fiber portion at process station 12.
- WEL weak extract liquid
- the tobacco/solvent mixture formed at process station 1.1 is then pumped into a centrifuge from the mixing vessel and centrifugally separated or alternatively the mixture may be filtered to remove the tobacco fiber portion 17 from the WEL 13 at process station 12.
- the WEL 13 may be reserved for reapplication to the fiber portion 17 with or without separate processing 14.
- the WEL 13 may be deproteinated by contacting it with a solid phase adsorbent at process station 14.
- a solid phase adsorbent such as such as a bentonite and carbon containing adsorbent, is mixed with the WEL 13 in a vessel and then separated therefrom by centrifugation, or a similar separation process well known in the art.
- the WEL 13, whether treated at process station 14 or untreated, containing flavor compounds may then be concentrated at process station 16 by vacuum evaporation.
- the tobacco fiber portion 17 may undergo several alternative processes.
- the tobacco fiber portion 17 may be refined and digested at process station 18.
- the refining process at process station 18 consists of fiberizing or breaking down the tobacco into smaller fibers.
- the digestion process at process station 18 consists of adding one part of the refined tobacco to about eight parts of an alkali solution having about 1.25 % to 12 % NaOH or KOH.
- the tobacco is digested in the alkali solution at about 76.6 to 87.8°C (170° F to 190° F) for up to 3 hours.
- digestion may be accomplished by autoclaving the tobacco at about 120° C for about 15 to 30 minutes at about 1.17 to 1.80 bar (17 to 27 psig).
- the resulting tobacco material is then mixed with cellulose fibers and optionally inert materials at process station 19.
- Tobacco may make up to 50% of the sheet formed at process station 21.
- tobacco will make up between about 10% to 50% of the sheet formed at process station 21.
- the optional inert materials at process station 19 may be inorganic or organic.
- the inorganic inert materials that may be mixed with the tobacco fibers and cellulose at process station 19 include CaCO 3 , MgO, MgCO 3 and combinations thereof.
- the organic inert materials that may be mixed with the tobacco fibers and cellulose at process station 19 include chitosan, liposan and combinations thereof. Additionally, both the organic and inorganic inert materials may be mixed together with the tobacco and cellulose material at process station 19.
- the inert materials added at process station 19 may include up to 20% of the sheet formed at process station 21. These combined materials may then be mixed with the WEL 13, whether treated 14, untreated 13 and/or concentrated 16.
- a binder and humectant is added to the mixture.
- the mixture resulting from process station 20 is then cast into sheets via a bandcast process at process station 21.
- the sheets resulting from process station 21 is then cut and added to tobacco producing a tobacco blend at process station 34.
- the process of the present invention may produce sheet via a paper making process.
- Two embodiments are shown in Figure 1 to incorporate a paper making process station.
- the tobacco fiber portion 17 is refined and digested at process station 26.
- the refined and digested tobacco fiber is then mixed with cellulose fibers and optionally inert materials at process station 27.
- the optional inert materials at process station 27 may be inorganic or organic.
- the inorganic inert materials that may be mixed with the tobacco fibers and cellulose at process station 27 include CaCO 3 , MgO, MgCO 3 and combinations thereof.
- the organic inert materials that may be mixed with the tobacco fibers and cellulose at process station 27 include chitosan, liposan, and combinations thereof. Additionally, both the organic and inorganic inert materials may be mixed together with the tobacco and cellulose material at process station 27.
- the inert materials may include up to 20% of the sheet formed at process station 28.
- the tobacco fiber portion may make up to 50% of the sheet formed at process station 28.
- These combined materials resulting from process station 27 are then made into sheets via a paper making process at process station 28.
- the paper sheet resulting from process station 28 may then have the WEL 13, whether treated 14, untreated 13 and/or concentrated 16 added back at process station 29.
- the paper sheets resulting from process station 29 are then cut and added to tobacco producing a tobacco blend at process station 34.
- Burley tobacco in the form of whole leaf, stems, fines, lamina and scraps was first extracted with water. This was accomplished by placing approximately 1 part of tobacco material into a vessel having approximately 11 parts of water. The tobacco and water were contacted at about 71°C (160° F) for about 30 minutes. The tobacco and water was periodically mixed during this extraction. The tobacco and extract were then separated by basket centrifuge forming a WEL and an extracted tobacco fiber. The WEL was discarded, while the fiber was refined or fiberized.
- a portion of the extracted burley tobacco fiber was formed into sheet with a MKS sheet former and analyzed to provide control data.
- Another portion of the fiber was treated with Savinase* in accordance with the process in DeGrandpre et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,311,886 ). This was accomplished by placing approximately 3.8 to 4.8 kg of extracted tobacco fiber into solution having approximately 200 ml. Savinase*, 40 g NaOH and 114 L water. The tobacco fiber was digested in the solution at about 57° C for about 30 minutes while the solution was periodically stirred. The Savinase* solution was then separated from the tobacco fiber by basket centrifuge and discarded.
- the Savinase* treated burley tobacco fiber was rinsed three times with a salt solution having 1.84 kg NaCl in 80 L water.
- the rinsed burley tobacco fiber was autoclaved (heated to 121°C and held for 15 min, at 1.17 bar (17 psig) to inactivate any remaining enzymes and formed into sheet with a MKS sheet former and analyzed for Hoffmann anlaytes.
- a separate portion of the burley tobacco fiber was treated with alkali in accordance with Mua et al. This was accomplished by adding 1 part of tobacco fiber having about 60% moisture to about 8 parts of an alkali solution having about 2.5 % NaOH. The tobacco was digested in the alkali solution at about 190° F for about 2 hours. The tobacco fiber was then separated by basket centrifuge and the alkali solution was discarded. Water was then added to the digested tobacco fiber after which it was refined and formed into sheet with a MKS sheet former and analyzed for Hoffmann analytes.
- burley tobacco fiber was processed by the method claimed in the present invention. This was accomplished by adding cellulose pulp and CaO 3 filler to the extracted tobacco fiber forming a tobacco containing material having approximately 25% tobacco. This tobacco containing material was then formed into sheets with a MKS sheet former and the resulting sheets were analyzed for Hoffmann analytes. The analytical results of this example are tabulated below.
- the present invention was shown to substantially reduce the total nitrogen and protein content in the smoking material. Neither the Savinase* nor the alkali treated tobacco lowered the nitrogen and protein content of the smoking material near the 73% and 93% reductions as obtained in this example.
- a mixture of tobacco having flue and burley tobacco in a ratio of about one to one was processed in accordance with the procedures in Example 1 to obtain a washed flue /burley control, Savinase* treated, and alkali treated tobacco sheets.
- the flue/burley tobacco was processed in accordance with the present invention where a finished base sheet was produced having 15% tobacco and separately 50% tobacco. These base sheets were analyzed for Hoffmann ayalytes and the results are as shown below.
- the present invention was again shown to substantially reduce the total nitrogen and protein content in the smoking material. Neither the Savinase* nor the alkali treated tobacco lowered the nitrogen and protein content of the smoking material near the 86% and 88% reductions as obtained in this example having 15% tobacco fiber.
- Burley tobacco was processed in accordance with the procedures in Example 1 to obtain a washed burley control, Savinase* treated, and alkali treated tobacco sheets.
- the WEL was treated with an adsorbent having bentonite and carbon, to remove nitrogenous compounds, and the treated WEL was added back to the tobacco sheets.
- the burley tobacco containing sheets were processed in accordance with the present invention where a finished sheet was produced having 50% tobacco (15% tobacco fiber + 35% concentrated extract). These finished sheets were analyzed for Hoffmann ayalytes and the results are as shown below.
- the present invention was again shown to substantially reduce the total nitrogen and protein content in the smoking material. Neither the Savinase* nor the alkali treated tobacco lowered the nitrogen and protein content of the smoking material near the 71 % and 87% reductions as obtained in this example having 50% tobacco.
- a mixture of tobacco having flue and burley tobacco in a ratio of about one to one was processed in accordance with the procedures in Example 3 to obtain a washed burley control, Savinase* treated, and alkali treated tobacco sheets.
- the flue/burley tobacco containing sheets were processed in accordance with the present invention where a finished sheet was produced having 65% and 45% tobacco. These finished sheets were analyzed for Hoffmann ayalytes and the results are as shown below.
- the process of the present invention substantially reduced the total nitrogen and protein content in the smoking material. Neither the Savinase* nor the alkali treated tobacco lowered the nitrogen and protein content of the smoking material near the 77% and 75% reductions as obtained in this example having 45% tobacco.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Indole Compounds (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Claims (24)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Rauchmaterials mit verringerten Mengen an stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:(a) Inkontaktbringen eines Tabakmaterials mit einem wässrigen Lösungsmittel, um einen wässrigen Tabakextrakt und einen Tabakfaserteil bereitzustellen;(b) Trennen des wässrigen Tabakextrakts von dem Tabakfaserteil;(c) Veredeln des Tabakfaserteils, wodurch ein veredeltes Tabakmaterial gebildet wird;(d) Entlaugen des veredelten Tabakmaterials und(e) Mischen des veredelten Tabakmaterials mit einem cellulosehaltigen Material.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Entlaugen des veredelten Tabakmaterials das Inkontaktbringen des veredelten Tabakmaterials mit einer Lösung umfasst, die etwa 1,25 % bis 12,0 % Natriumhydroxid enthält.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei das veredelte Tabakmaterial und die Natriumhydroxidlösung in einem Verhältnis von etwa 1 Teil veredeltem Tabakmaterial für jeden Teil Natriumhydroxidlösung in Kontakt gebracht werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, wobei das Entlaugen des veredelten Tabakmaterials bei einer Temperatur von etwa 77 °C (170 °F) bis etwa 88 °C (190 °F) für etwa 30 min bis 4 Stunden erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Entlaugen des veredelten Tabakmaterials das Inkontaktbringen des veredelten Tabakmaterials mit einer Lösung umfasst, die etwa 1,25 % bis 12,0 % Kaliumhydroxid enthält.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, wobei das veredelte Tabakmaterial und die Kaliumhydroxidlösung in einem Verhältnis von etwa 1 Teil veredeltem Tabakmaterial für jeden Teil Kaliumhydroxidlösung in Kontakt gebracht werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, wobei das Entlaugen des veredelten Tabakfaserteils bei einer Temperatur von etwa 77 °C (170 °F) bis etwa 88 °C (190 °F) für etwa 30 min bis 4 Stunden erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Entlaugen des veredelten Tabakfaserteils das Autoklavieren des veredelten Tabakfaserteils bei einer Temperatur von etwa 120 °C und bei einem Druck von etwa 1,17 bar bis 1,86 bar (17 bis 27 psig) für etwa 15 bis 30 Minuten umfasst.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, das weiterhin Folgendes umfasst:(f) Mischen des veredelten Tabakmaterials und des cellulosehaltigen Materials mit einem inerten Material.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei das inerte Material aus der Gruppe bestehend aus CaCO3, MgO, MgCO3, Chitosan, Liposan und Kombinationen davon ausgewählt ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei das inerte Material bis zu etwa 20 % des Rauchmaterials umfasst.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Rauchmaterial bis zu 70 % Tabak aufweist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das cellulosehaltige Material aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Holzzellstoff, gebleichtem Holzzellstoff, Flachs, einem beliebigen Pflanzencellulosematerial und Kombinationen davon ausgewählt ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, das weiterhin Folgendes umfasst:(f) Verarbeiten des veredelten Tabakmaterials und des cellulosehaltigen Materials zu einer rekonstituierten Tabakfolie.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, das weiterhin Folgendes umfasst:(f) Inkontaktbringen des veredelten Tabakmaterials und des cellulosehaltigen Materials nach dem Mischen mit einem ausgewählten Teil des Tabakextrakts.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines tabakhaltigen Materials mit verringerten Mengen an stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:(a) Inkontaktbringen eines Tabakmaterials mit einem ersten wässrigen Lösungsmittel, um einen wässrigen Tabakextrakt und einen Tabakfaserteil bereitzustellen;(b) Trennen des wässrigen Tabakextrakts von dem Tabakfaserteil;(c) Veredeln des Tabakfaserteils;(d) Inkontaktbringen des Tabakfaserteils mit einer Lösung, die eine Verbindung enthält, die aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Natriumhydroxid und Kaliumhydroxid ausgewählt ist, bei einer Temperatur von etwa 77 °C (170 °F) bis etwa 88 °C (190 °F), wobei die Lösung die Verbindung in einer Konzentration von etwa 1,25 % bis 12 % (w/v) der Lösung enthält;(e) Trennen der Lösung von dem Tabakfaserteil und(f) Mischen des Tabakfaserteils mit Cellulosefasern.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, das weiterhin Folgendes umfasst:(g) Inkontaktbringen des Tabakfaserteils mit einem Teil des wässrigen Tabakextrakts.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, das weiterhin Folgendes umfasst:(g) Behandeln eines Teils des wässrigen Tabakextrakts mit einem Adsorptionsmittel und(h) Inkontaktbringen des Tabakfaserteils mit einem Teil des behandelten wässrigen Tabakextrakt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, das weiterhin Folgendes umfasst:(g) Mischen des Tabakfaserteils und der Cellulosefasern mit einem inerten Material.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 19, wobei das inerte Material aus der Gruppe bestehend aus CaCO3, MgO, MgCO3, Chitosan, Liposan und Kombinationen davon ausgewählt ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 19, wobei das inerte Material bis zu etwa 20 % des tabakhaltigen Materials umfasst.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, wobei das tabakhaltige Material bis zu 70 % Tabak aufweist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, das weiterhin Folgendes umfasst:(g) Mischen des Tabakfaserteils und der Cellulosefasern mit einem Bindemittel;(h) Mischen des Tabakfaserteils, der Cellulosefasern und des Bindemittels mit einem Feuchthaltemittel und(i) Herstellen von Folien mithilfe eines Bandgussprozesses.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, das weiterhin Folgendes umfasst:(g) Herstellen von Folien mithilfe eines Papierherstellungsprozesses.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/855,925 US20050263161A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2004-05-27 | Tobacco filler of low nitrogen content |
PCT/US2005/014477 WO2005117619A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2005-04-27 | Tobacco filler of low nitrogen content |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1750529A1 EP1750529A1 (de) | 2007-02-14 |
EP1750529B1 true EP1750529B1 (de) | 2012-08-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP05739814A Active EP1750529B1 (de) | 2004-05-27 | 2005-04-27 | Tabakfüllstoff mit niedrigem stickstoffgehalt |
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US (1) | US20050263161A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1750529B1 (de) |
AR (1) | AR049507A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0511528B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2566712C (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005117619A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
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EP2617299A1 (de) | 2012-01-18 | 2013-07-24 | Delfortgroup AG | Mit Tabakpartikeln gefülltes Papier |
CN103211287B (zh) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-11-12 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种降低造纸法再造烟叶木浆纤维用量的方法 |
WO2014141201A2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Fall Safall | Method of reducing tobacco-specific nitrosamines |
CN103315378B (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-06-17 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | 提高造纸法再造烟叶抗张强度和感官品质的方法 |
WO2016067226A1 (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-06 | Recon Inc. | Nano-lamination reconsituted tobacco |
US10765143B2 (en) | 2017-09-14 | 2020-09-08 | Altria Client Services Llc | Smoking article with reduced tobacco |
CN108776464B (zh) * | 2018-06-08 | 2020-09-08 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种再造烟叶生产过程浆液匹配的控制方法 |
WO2020239621A1 (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-12-03 | Jt International Sa | Reconstituted tobacco processing improvement |
CN118368994A (zh) * | 2021-08-04 | 2024-07-19 | 尼科创业贸易有限公司 | 包含壳聚糖和其它粘结剂的气溶胶产生材料 |
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US2091513A (en) * | 1935-02-14 | 1937-08-31 | Albert D Merrill | Method of digesting cellulosic material |
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US3297039A (en) * | 1959-10-22 | 1967-01-10 | Dexter Corp | Tobacco web material |
US3561451A (en) * | 1967-05-17 | 1971-02-09 | American Mach & Foundry | Process of manufacturing reconstituted tobacco of light color |
US3483874A (en) * | 1967-11-29 | 1969-12-16 | Philip Morris Inc | Process for the treatment of tobacco |
US3631865A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1972-01-04 | American Safety Equip | Smoking composition of reduced toxicity and method of making same |
US3771533A (en) * | 1970-08-31 | 1973-11-13 | Philip Morris Inc | Process for puffing tobacco |
US3760815A (en) * | 1971-01-06 | 1973-09-25 | Philip Morris Inc | Preparation of reconstituted tobacco |
GB1348580A (en) * | 1971-06-11 | 1974-03-20 | British American Tobacco Co | Reconstituted-tobacco smoking materials |
US3847164A (en) * | 1973-10-11 | 1974-11-12 | Kimberly Clark Co | Method of making reconstituted tobacco having reduced nitrates |
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US4131117A (en) * | 1976-12-21 | 1978-12-26 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Method for removal of potassium nitrate from tobacco extracts |
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US4308877A (en) * | 1978-03-06 | 1982-01-05 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Method of making reconstituted tobacco having reduced nitrates |
US4589428A (en) * | 1980-02-21 | 1986-05-20 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Tobacco treatment |
AU546232B2 (en) * | 1981-07-24 | 1985-08-22 | British-American Tobacco Company Limited | Tobacco processing |
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US6499489B1 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2002-12-31 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Tobacco-based cooked casing formulation |
US6508254B1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2003-01-21 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation | Reduced protein reconstituted tobacco and method of making same |
US6695924B1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2004-02-24 | Michael Francis Dube | Method of improving flavor in smoking article |
US6564808B1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2003-05-20 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Method for reduction of tobacco specific nitrosamines |
WO2002028209A1 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-04-11 | Nicolas Baskevitch | Reduction of nitrosamines in tobacco and tobacco products |
CN1463253A (zh) * | 2001-05-21 | 2003-12-24 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 含氮化合物的水的处理方法和装置 |
-
2004
- 2004-05-27 US US10/855,925 patent/US20050263161A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-04-27 BR BRPI0511528A patent/BRPI0511528B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-04-27 CA CA002566712A patent/CA2566712C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-27 WO PCT/US2005/014477 patent/WO2005117619A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-04-27 EP EP05739814A patent/EP1750529B1/de active Active
- 2005-05-27 AR ARP050102205A patent/AR049507A1/es active IP Right Grant
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CA2566712A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
BRPI0511528A (pt) | 2008-01-02 |
CA2566712C (en) | 2009-11-03 |
US20050263161A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
AR049507A1 (es) | 2006-08-09 |
WO2005117619A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
EP1750529A1 (de) | 2007-02-14 |
BRPI0511528B1 (pt) | 2016-05-31 |
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