EP1749112B1 - Malleable, high mechanical strength aluminum alloy which can be anodized in a decorative manner, method for producing the same and aluminum product based on said alloy - Google Patents
Malleable, high mechanical strength aluminum alloy which can be anodized in a decorative manner, method for producing the same and aluminum product based on said alloy Download PDFInfo
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- EP1749112B1 EP1749112B1 EP05759604A EP05759604A EP1749112B1 EP 1749112 B1 EP1749112 B1 EP 1749112B1 EP 05759604 A EP05759604 A EP 05759604A EP 05759604 A EP05759604 A EP 05759604A EP 1749112 B1 EP1749112 B1 EP 1749112B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/1266—O, S, or organic compound in metal component
- Y10T428/12667—Oxide of transition metal or Al
Definitions
- the invention relates to a decorative anodizable, well deformable and mechanically highly resilient aluminum alloy of the type AlMgSi, a semi-finished product of this alloy, in the form of tapes, sheets or extruded profiles and a made of the aforementioned semi-finished, in particular deformed and decorative anodized component.
- a process for producing such an aluminum alloy is also a process for producing such an aluminum alloy.
- Non-alloyed aluminum (1xxx alloys), AlMg alloys (5xxx alloys or clad 8xxx alloy cladding, unalloyed aluminum cladding (lxxx alloy) are generally used to produce decorative anodized aluminum sheet components not hardenable, ie an increase of the strength takes place exclusively by a cold work hardening, a reduction in consequence then by defrosting annealing.
- All of these systems have in common that their formability and their strength state by the Semi-finished delivery state, which may be either solidified by rolling or softened by a subsequent annealing, for example, is set. It is therefore possible in the sense of good formability to use these systems in a state of maximum softening and then reshape.
- the systems can be used in a high-strength condition, but the forming capacity for a forming step, due to the high initial strength of the delivery condition, is severely limited.
- Thermosetting AlMgSi alloys (6xxx) with good formability are for example from EP 0 714 993 respectively.
- EP 0 811 700 known.
- the disclosed AlMgSi alloys are also used for the production of tapes and sheets. Due to the good thermoformability, they are suitable for the production of body panels for the automotive industry.
- the alloy composition disclosed there achieves an optimum between good strength and good forming behavior.
- these alloys are not decorative, especially not high gloss, anodisierbar, since on the one hand in the EP 0 811 700
- the disclosed iron content of 0.25 to 0.55% by weight is too high and causes turbidity of the anodized layer.
- a known A199.9MgSi alloy (6401 special) for extruded profiles used by the Applicant for decorative components therefore contains no zirconium, vanadium or chromium. Likewise, the contamination of the AlMgSi alloy with iron is limited to 0.04 wt% iron. This ensures that the aforementioned anodizing errors are avoided and a high gloss size of the polished and gloss anodised component is achieved. Due to the lack of recrystallization inhibitors (Fe, Zr, Cr, V), however, such an alloy does not show optimal forming capacity, since the relatively coarse grain causes constrictions and orange peel at an early stage.
- the document EP-A-0 676 480 discloses an aluminum alloy having a composition of: 0.2 up to 2 Wt% silicon, 0.3 to 1.7 Wt% magnesium, 0 to 1.2 % By weight of copper, 0 to 1.1 Wt% manganese, 0.01 to 0.4 Chrome, at least one of the elements from the group 0.01 to 0.3 Wt% vanadium, 0.001 to 0.1 % By weight of beryllium, and 0.01 to 0.1 Wt% strontium,
- the invention has for its object to provide an aluminum alloy available for components that have good formability, which have sufficient strength and ductility in the application state and decorative decorative anodization.
- the alloy according to the invention is decorative anodizable and does not show a yellowish or cloudy anodized layer. This is effected by the proportion of 0.005 to 0.1% by weight of strontium. It is believed that the strontium alters the iron zirconium, chromium and / or vanadium-containing phases, in particular, to such an extent that, even when incorporated into the anodizing layer, they do not cause any visible haze. It has surprisingly been found that a weight ratio of iron to strontium 3: 1 to 5: proves to be particularly advantageous.
- Such an alloy is made of aluminum base material with more than 99.85 wt% aluminum.
- the alloying ingredients are added as follows, namely 0.3 to 0.9% by weight silicon, 0.1 to 0.5% by weight magnesium, wherein the weight ratio of silicon to magnesium is 1.8: 1 to 3.3: 1 is.
- the iron content of the aluminum base material which may be present as an impurity in the base material
- further iron is alloyed if necessary so that the alloy to be produced contains up to 0.2% by weight of iron.
- 0.005 to 0.1% by weight of strontium is added, with the weight ratio of iron to strontium being adjusted from 3: 1 to 5: 1. Preference is given to an addition of 0.008 to 0.07% by weight of strontium.
- 0.1 to 0.4% by weight of copper, 0.03 to 0.2% by weight of manganese, 0.01% by weight of titanium and zirconium and / or chromium and / or vanadium in total of 0.08 to 0.22 are used as further alloy constituents % By weight added.
- the alloy should contain no more than 0.04% by weight of zinc, not more than 0.02% by weight. unavoidable impurity individually or not more than 0.15% by weight in total. Furthermore, a certain amount, namely 0.0005 to 0.005% by weight of silver can be added to identify the alloy.
- the melt produced in this way is cast in a continuous casting process to form a rolling ingot or continuous casting bolt and then homogenized (annealing for at least 2 hours at at least 500 ° C.).
- the aluminum base material used is preferably pure aluminum with at least 99.85% by weight of aluminum in order to limit the proportion of impurities; overall, a content of not more than 0.15% by weight of unavoidable impurities should not be exceeded.
- the alloying ingredients may be added in the form of pure metals or master alloys.
- the strontium is preferably added in the form of an aluminum-strontium master alloy, in particular by means of an AlSr3.5 master alloy, an AlSr5 master alloy or an AlSr10 master alloy.
- From the homogenized continuous casting bolt of the aluminum alloy according to the invention can be obtained by extrusion open or hollow profile sections, which are stretched in the rule and assembled by sawing. From the profile pieces brought to the desired length can be produced by subsequent forming, in particular cold forming, such as rolling, bending, deep drawing or active media based sheet and tube forming, three-dimensionally shaped shell components. Regardless of whether the forming is a bending process, an active-medium-based forming or deep-drawing, the resulting component shows good contour accuracy with very little orange peel formation, caused by low springback. Due to the hardenability of the alloy, the strength and ductility can be adjusted after forming. After curing, in addition to possible mechanical processing, in particular a chemical and electrolytic treatment of the component follows.
- Such chemical and electrolytic treatment includes polishing, glazing, anodizing, eventually a coloring and a final compaction of the components.
- the resulting anodized layer of the decorative anodized shaped aluminum component is very satisfactory, it is transparent, ie not cloudy and not yellowish.
- From the ingot can be achieved by hot rolling sheet steel, which can be further processed by cold rolling and intermediate annealing.
- steps possibly recrystallization and / or Entfest Trentsglühung
- active media-based sheet metal forming including patterning and smoothing or roughening the surfaces and possibly re-annealing, optionally mechanical machining
- a shell component is formed, which also subsequently by chemical or electrolytic treatment with a decorative Eloxal Mrs can be provided.
- the aluminum alloy has a good to very good deformation behavior at room temperature with only slight orange peel formation, has a stable forming behavior and leads to a good contour accuracy of the component.
- the anodized coating shows no defects, on the contrary, even glossy surfaces can be realized if pure aluminum with at least 99.9% by weight aluminum is used as the base material.
- Table 1 shows high-strength AlMgSi alloys
- Table 2 medium-strength AlMgSi alloys
- Table 3 low-strength AlMgSi alloys.
- known comparative alloys are listed, including the applicant's AA6401-specialty alloy, a medium-strength AlMgSi alloy, which has been used for decorative applications, but does not show optimal forming behavior.
- the further comparative alloys provide optimum strength and deformation behavior, but are not decorative anodisable.
- An aluminum component was produced according to one of these process variants from an alloy according to the invention by continuous casting, homogenization, extrusion, stretching, cutting to length, deep drawing, polishing, glazing, anodizing.
- similarly shaped components made of a 6401 alloy and a 6016 alloy were produced by the same process.
- the properties of the components are shown in Table 5.
- the image sharpness was measured in various surface areas of the finished components. High image intensities are an expression of a high gloss and a high accuracy of an image, ie whether lines are displayed straight or distorted.
- the formability was listed as a comparative degree of deformation.
- the component according to the invention is the only component that exhibits a high image sharpness (80%) with good formability (40%).
- Admissible admixtures individually Permitted admixtures total A 2 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0,010 Zr 0.1 Sr 0.04 0.02 0.15 B 3 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0,010 Zr 0.1 Sr 0.04 0.02 0.15 C 2 0.8 0,040 0.10-0.15 0.03 0.4 - 0,010 Zr 0.1 Sr 0.01 0.02 0.15 D 3 0.9 0,040 0.10-0.15 0.03 0.3 - 0,010 Zr 0.1 Sr 0.01 0.02 0.15 % by weight description Si / Mg Si Fe Cu Mn mg Cr Ti Add. 1 Add.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine dekorativ anodisierbare, gut verformbare und mechanisch hoch belastbare Aluminiumlegierung vom Typ AlMgSi, ein Halbzeug aus dieser Legierung, in Form von Bändern, Blechen oder Strangpressprofilen sowie ein aus den vorgenannten Halbzeugen hergestelltes, insbesondere umgeformtes und dekorativ anodisiertes Bauteil. Im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Aluminiumlegierung.The invention relates to a decorative anodizable, well deformable and mechanically highly resilient aluminum alloy of the type AlMgSi, a semi-finished product of this alloy, in the form of tapes, sheets or extruded profiles and a made of the aforementioned semi-finished, in particular deformed and decorative anodized component. Within the scope of the invention is also a process for producing such an aluminum alloy.
Zur Herstellung dekorativ anodisierter Bauteile aus Aluminiumblech werden in der Regel unlegiertes Aluminium (1xxx-Legierungen), AlMg-Legierungen (5xxx-Legierungen oder plattierte Systeme vom Typ 8xxx-Legierung, Plattierung aus unlegiertem Aluminium (lxxx-Legierung) verwendet. All diese Werkstoffklassen sind nicht aushärtbar, d.h. eine Erhöhung der Festigkeit erfolgt ausschließlich durch eine Kaltverfestigung, eine Erniedrigung in Folge dann durch Entfestigungsglühen. All diesen Systemen ist daraus folgend gemein, dass ihr Umformvermögen und ihr Festigkeitszustand durch den Halbzeug-Anlieferungszustand, der beispielsweise entweder verfestigt durch Walzen oder entfestigt durch eine nachfolgende Glühung sein kann, festgelegt ist. Es ist also im Sinne guter Umformbarkeit möglich, diese Systeme in einem Zustand maximaler Entfestigung einzusetzen und dann umzuformen. Nach dem Umformprozess ist jedoch eine Aushärtung zur Verbesserung der Gebrauchseigenschaften nicht mehr gegeben. Im Sinne guter Gebrauchseigenschaften können die Systeme in einem Zustand hoher Festigkeit eingesetzt werden, wobei aber das Umformvermögen für einen formgebenden Schritt, bedingt durch die hohe Anfangsfestigkeit des Anlieferungszustandes, stark eingeschränkt wird.Non-alloyed aluminum (1xxx alloys), AlMg alloys (5xxx alloys or clad 8xxx alloy cladding, unalloyed aluminum cladding (lxxx alloy) are generally used to produce decorative anodized aluminum sheet components not hardenable, ie an increase of the strength takes place exclusively by a cold work hardening, a reduction in consequence then by defrosting annealing.All of these systems have in common that their formability and their strength state by the Semi-finished delivery state, which may be either solidified by rolling or softened by a subsequent annealing, for example, is set. It is therefore possible in the sense of good formability to use these systems in a state of maximum softening and then reshape. After the forming process, however, curing to improve the performance is no longer possible. In terms of good performance properties, the systems can be used in a high-strength condition, but the forming capacity for a forming step, due to the high initial strength of the delivery condition, is severely limited.
Warmaushärtbare AlMgSi-Legierungen (6xxx) mit guter Umformbarkeit sind beispielsweise aus der
Eine bekannte A199,9MgSi-Legierung (6401 spezial) für Strangpressprofile, die von der Anmelderin für dekorative Bauteile eingesetzt wird, enthält daher kein Zirconium, Vanadium oder Chrom. Ebenso wird die Verunreinigung der AlMgSi-Legierung mit Eisen auf 0,04 Gew% Eisen limitiert. Damit ist sichergestellt, dass die vorgenannten Eloxalfehler vermieden werden und ein hoher Glanzgrand des polierten und glanzeloxierten Bauteiles erreicht wird. Eine solche Legierung zeigt jedoch aufgrund der fehlenden Rekristallisationshemmer (Fe, Zr, Cr, V) ein nicht optimales Umformvermögen, da es aufgrund des relativ groben Korns früh zu Einschnürungen und Orangenhaut kommt.A known A199.9MgSi alloy (6401 special) for extruded profiles used by the Applicant for decorative components therefore contains no zirconium, vanadium or chromium. Likewise, the contamination of the AlMgSi alloy with iron is limited to 0.04 wt% iron. This ensures that the aforementioned anodizing errors are avoided and a high gloss size of the polished and gloss anodised component is achieved. Due to the lack of recrystallization inhibitors (Fe, Zr, Cr, V), however, such an alloy does not show optimal forming capacity, since the relatively coarse grain causes constrictions and orange peel at an early stage.
Das Dokument
Rest Aluminium und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen.Remaining aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
Daraus ergibt sich, dass durch die Auswahl einer Legierungszusammensetzung für ein Strangpress- oder Walzprodukt ein Kompromiss hinsichtlich des Verformungsvennögens, des dekorativem Aussehens und der mechanischen Belastbarkeit, die sich in Endfestigkeit, Duktilität und Zähigkeit ausdrückt, eingegangen wird.As a result, selection of an alloy composition for an extruded or rolled product is a trade-off in deformation flexibility, decorative appearance and mechanical strength expressed in ultimate strength, ductility and toughness.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Aluminiumlegierung zur Verfügung zu stellen für Bauteile, die ein gutes Umformvermögen aufweisen, die eine ausreichende Festigkeit und Duktilität im Anwendungszustand aufweisen und die dekorativ anodisierbar sind.The invention has for its object to provide an aluminum alloy available for components that have good formability, which have sufficient strength and ductility in the application state and decorative decorative anodization.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Aluminiumlegierung mit der in Anspruch 1 genannten Zusammensetzung und den dort aufgeführten Merkmalen gelöst. Die optimalen Eigenschaften bezüglich mechanischer Festigkeit und Umformverhalten werden zum einen durch den Anteil von 0,3 bis 0,9 Gew% Silicium und 0,1 bis 0,5 Gew% Magnesium erzielt, wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis dieser beiden Bestandteile so eingestellt wird, dass ein Überschuss an Silicium gegenüber Magnesium vorliegt, insbesondere ein Silicium-Magnesium-Gewichtsverhältnis von 1,8 bis 3,3. Die Festigkeit wird zu dem noch unterstützt durch einen Anteil von 0,1 bis 0,4 Gew% Kupfer, das eine Mischlcristallhärtung bewirkt. Das gute Umformvermögen wird durch den Anteil der Rekristallisationshemmer (Eisen, Zirconium, Chrom, Vanadium) gewährleistet. Eisen liegt in einer Ausgangslegierung oft als Verunreinigung vor. Es kann jedoch bis zu einem Anteil von 0,2 Gew% auch zulegiert werden. Zirconium, Chrom und Vanadium können einzeln oder zusammen bis zu einem Anteil von 0,22 Gew% in der Legierung enthalten sein. Trotz des Vorhandenseins der vorgenannten Rekristallisationshemmer ist die erfindungsgemäße Legierung dekorativ anodisierbar und zeigt keine gelbstichige oder trübe Eloxalschicht. Dies wird durch den Anteil von 0,005 bis 0,1 Gew% Strontium bewirkt. Es wird angenommen, dass das Strontium die eisen- zirkon-, chrom- und/oder vanadiumhaltigen Phasen verändert, insbesondere so weit verfeinert, dass sie, auch wenn sie in die Eloxalschicht eingebaut werden, keine sichtbare Trübung bewirken. Es hat sich in überraschender Weise herausgestellt, dass ein Gewichtsverhältnis von Eisen zu Strontium
3 : 1 bis 5 :
sich als besonders vorteilhaft erweist.This object is achieved with an aluminum alloy with the composition mentioned in claim 1 and the features listed there. The optimum properties with regard to mechanical strength and deformation behavior are achieved, on the one hand, by the proportion of 0.3 to 0.9% by weight of silicon and 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of magnesium, the weight ratio of these two constituents being set such that Excess of silicon over magnesium is present, in particular a silicon-magnesium weight ratio of 1.8 to 3.3. The strength is further assisted by a proportion of 0.1 to 0.4% by weight of copper, which causes a Mischlcristallhärtung. The good forming capacity is determined by the proportion the recrystallization inhibitor (iron, zirconium, chromium, vanadium) guaranteed. Iron is often present in a starting alloy as an impurity. However, it can also be added up to a proportion of 0.2% by weight. Zirconium, chromium and vanadium may be contained individually or together up to a proportion of 0.22% by weight in the alloy. Despite the presence of the aforementioned recrystallization inhibitors, the alloy according to the invention is decorative anodizable and does not show a yellowish or cloudy anodized layer. This is effected by the proportion of 0.005 to 0.1% by weight of strontium. It is believed that the strontium alters the iron zirconium, chromium and / or vanadium-containing phases, in particular, to such an extent that, even when incorporated into the anodizing layer, they do not cause any visible haze. It has surprisingly been found that a weight ratio of iron to strontium
3: 1 to 5:
proves to be particularly advantageous.
Eine solche Legierung wird aus Aluminium-Basiswerkstoff mit mehr als 99,85 Gew% Aluminium hergestellt. Der Schmelze werden die Legierungsbestandteile wie folgt zugesetzt, nämlich 0,3 bis 0,9 Gew% Silicium, 0,1 bis 0,5 Gew% Magnesium, wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis von Silicium zu Magnesium 1,8 : 1 bis 3,3 : 1 beträgt. Nach Bestimmung des Eisengehaltes des AluminiumBasiswerkstoffes, der als Verunreinigung im Basiswerkstoff vorliegen kann, wird bei Bedarf weiteres Eisen zulegiert, so dass die herzustellende Legierung bis 0,2 Gew% Eisen enthält. Des Weiteren werden 0,005 bis 0,1 Gew% Strontium zugegeben, wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis von Eisen zu Strontium von 3 : 1 bis 5 : 1 eingestellt wird. Bevorzugt ist eine Zugabe von 0,008 bis 0,07 Gew% Strontium. Als weitere Legierungsbestandteile werden 0,1 bis 0,4 Gew% Kupfer, 0,03 bis 0,2 Gew% Mangan, 0,01 Gew% Titan und Zirconium und/oder Chrom und/oder Vanadium insgesamt 0,08 bis 0,22 Gew% zugegeben. Die Legierung sollte maximal 0,04 Gew% Zink, maximal 0,02 Gew% unvermeidbarer Verunreinigung einzeln bzw. maximal 0,15 Gew% insgesamt enthalten. Des Weiteren kann zur Kennzeichnung der Legierung ein bestimmter Anteil, nämlich 0,0005 bis 0,005 Gew% Silber zugesetzt werden.Such an alloy is made of aluminum base material with more than 99.85 wt% aluminum. To the melt, the alloying ingredients are added as follows, namely 0.3 to 0.9% by weight silicon, 0.1 to 0.5% by weight magnesium, wherein the weight ratio of silicon to magnesium is 1.8: 1 to 3.3: 1 is. After determining the iron content of the aluminum base material, which may be present as an impurity in the base material, further iron is alloyed if necessary so that the alloy to be produced contains up to 0.2% by weight of iron. Further, 0.005 to 0.1% by weight of strontium is added, with the weight ratio of iron to strontium being adjusted from 3: 1 to 5: 1. Preference is given to an addition of 0.008 to 0.07% by weight of strontium. 0.1 to 0.4% by weight of copper, 0.03 to 0.2% by weight of manganese, 0.01% by weight of titanium and zirconium and / or chromium and / or vanadium in total of 0.08 to 0.22 are used as further alloy constituents % By weight added. The alloy should contain no more than 0.04% by weight of zinc, not more than 0.02% by weight. unavoidable impurity individually or not more than 0.15% by weight in total. Furthermore, a certain amount, namely 0.0005 to 0.005% by weight of silver can be added to identify the alloy.
Die so hergestellte Schmelze wird im Stranggussverfahren zu einem Walzbarren oder Stranggussbolzen gegossen und anschließend homogenisiert (Glühung für mind. 2h bei mind. 500°C). Als Aluminium-Basiswerkstoff wird vorzugsweise Reinaluminium mit mindestens 99,85 Gew% Aluminium eingesetzt, um den Anteil an Verunreinigungen zu limitieren, insgesamt sollte ein Gehalt von maximal 0,15 Gew% unvermeidbarer Verunreinigungen nicht überschritten werden. Die Legierungsbestandteile können in Form von Reinmetallen oder Vorlegierungen zugegeben werden. Das Strontium wird vorzugsweise in Form einer Aluminium-Strontium-Vorlegierung zugesetzt, insbesondere mittels einer AlSr3,5-Vorlegierung, einer AlSr5-Vorlegierung oder einer AlSr10-Vorlegierung.The melt produced in this way is cast in a continuous casting process to form a rolling ingot or continuous casting bolt and then homogenized (annealing for at least 2 hours at at least 500 ° C.). The aluminum base material used is preferably pure aluminum with at least 99.85% by weight of aluminum in order to limit the proportion of impurities; overall, a content of not more than 0.15% by weight of unavoidable impurities should not be exceeded. The alloying ingredients may be added in the form of pure metals or master alloys. The strontium is preferably added in the form of an aluminum-strontium master alloy, in particular by means of an AlSr3.5 master alloy, an AlSr5 master alloy or an AlSr10 master alloy.
Aus dem homogenisierten Stranggussbolzen der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung lassen sich durch Strangpressen offene oder Hohlkammerprofilstränge erhalten, die in der Regel gereckt und durch Sägen konfektioniert werden. Aus den auf die gewünschte Länge gebrachten Profilstücken lassen sich durch nachfolgendes Umformen, insbesondere Kaltumformen, wie beispielsweise Walzen, Biegen, Tiefziehen oder wirkmedienbasierte Blech- und Rohrumformung, dreidimensional geformte Rohbauteile herstellen. Unabhängig davon, ob es sich bei dem Umformen um einen Biegeprozess, um eine wirkmedienbasierte Umformung oder Tiefziehen handelt, zeigt das entstehende Bauteil bei einer sehr geringen Orangenhautbildung eine gute Konturgenauigkeit, bewirkt durch eine geringe Rückfederung. Durch die Aushärtbarkeit der Legierung ist im Anschluss an die Umformung die Festigkeit und Duktilität einstellbar. Nach der Aushärtung folgt neben eventuellen mechanischen Bearbeitungen insbesondere eine chemische und elektrolytische Behandlung des Bauteils. Eine solche chemische und elektrolytische Behandlung schließt ein Polieren, Glänzen, Eloxieren, eventuell ein Einfärben und ein abschließendes Verdichten der Bauteile ein. Die entstehende Eloxalschicht des dekorativ anodisierten geformten Aluminium-Bauteils ist sehr zufriedenstellend, sie ist transparent, d.h. nicht eingetrübt und auch nicht gelbstichig.From the homogenized continuous casting bolt of the aluminum alloy according to the invention can be obtained by extrusion open or hollow profile sections, which are stretched in the rule and assembled by sawing. From the profile pieces brought to the desired length can be produced by subsequent forming, in particular cold forming, such as rolling, bending, deep drawing or active media based sheet and tube forming, three-dimensionally shaped shell components. Regardless of whether the forming is a bending process, an active-medium-based forming or deep-drawing, the resulting component shows good contour accuracy with very little orange peel formation, caused by low springback. Due to the hardenability of the alloy, the strength and ductility can be adjusted after forming. After curing, in addition to possible mechanical processing, in particular a chemical and electrolytic treatment of the component follows. Such chemical and electrolytic treatment includes polishing, glazing, anodizing, eventually a coloring and a final compaction of the components. The resulting anodized layer of the decorative anodized shaped aluminum component is very satisfactory, it is transparent, ie not cloudy and not yellowish.
Aus dem Walzbarren lassen sich durch Warmwalzen Vorbleche erzielen, die durch Kaltwalzen und Zwischenglühen weiterverarbeitet werden können. Durch weitere Umformschritte (gegebenenfalls Rekristallisations- und/ oder Entfestigungsglühung), wie Tiefziehen, wirkmedienbasiertes Blechumformen, einschließlich Dessinieren sowie Glätten oder Aufrauhen der Oberflächen und eventuell nochmaliges Weichglühen, gegebenenfalls mechanische Bearbeitungen, wird ein Rohbauteil gebildet, welches ebenfalls nachfolgend durch chemische oder elektrolytische Behandlung mit einer dekorativen Eloxalschicht versehen werden kann. Auch bei diesem Herstellungsprozess kann nachgewiesen werden, dass die Aluminiumlegierung ein gutes bis sehr gutes Umformverhalten bei Raumtemperatur bei nur geringer Orangenhautbildung besitzt, ein stabiles Umformverhalten aufweist und zu einer guten Konturgenauigkeit des Bauteils führt. Die Eloxalschicht weist keine Fehler auf, im Gegenteil, sogar glänzende Oberflächen sind realisierbar, wenn als Basiswerkstoff Reinaluminium mit mindestens 99,9 Gew% Aluminium eingesetzt wird.From the ingot can be achieved by hot rolling sheet steel, which can be further processed by cold rolling and intermediate annealing. By further forming steps (possibly recrystallization and / or Entfestigungsglühung), such as deep drawing, active media-based sheet metal forming, including patterning and smoothing or roughening the surfaces and possibly re-annealing, optionally mechanical machining, a shell component is formed, which also subsequently by chemical or electrolytic treatment with a decorative Eloxalschicht can be provided. In this production process, too, it can be demonstrated that the aluminum alloy has a good to very good deformation behavior at room temperature with only slight orange peel formation, has a stable forming behavior and leads to a good contour accuracy of the component. The anodized coating shows no defects, on the contrary, even glossy surfaces can be realized if pure aluminum with at least 99.9% by weight aluminum is used as the base material.
Nachfolgend sind in drei Tabellen Ausführungsbeispiele für erfindungsgemäße Aluminiumlegierungen wiedergegeben. Tabelle 1 zeigt dabei höherfeste AlMgSi-Legierungen, die Tabelle 2 mittelfeste AlMgSi-Legierungen und die Tabelle 3 niedrigfeste AlMgSi-Legierungen. In der Tabelle 4 sind bekannte Vergleichslegierungen aufgeführt, u.a. die Legierung AA6401-spezial der Anmelderin, eine mittelfeste AlMgSi-Legierung, die bisher für dekorative Anwendungen eingesetzt wird, die jedoch kein optimales Umformverhalten zeigt. Die weiteren Vergleichslegierungen stellen ein Optimum an Festigkeit und Umformverhalten da, sind jedoch nicht dekorativ anodisierbar.Exemplary embodiments of aluminum alloys according to the invention are reproduced below in three tables. Table 1 shows high-strength AlMgSi alloys, Table 2 medium-strength AlMgSi alloys and Table 3 low-strength AlMgSi alloys. In Table 4 known comparative alloys are listed, including the applicant's AA6401-specialty alloy, a medium-strength AlMgSi alloy, which has been used for decorative applications, but does not show optimal forming behavior. The further comparative alloys provide optimum strength and deformation behavior, but are not decorative anodisable.
Eine Übersicht der verschiedenen Verfahrensvarianten zur Herstellung eines dekorativ anodisierten umgeformten Aluminium-Bauteils sind im nachfolgenden Schema verdeutlicht: An overview of the various process variants for the production of a decorative anodized formed aluminum component are illustrated in the following scheme:
Ein Aluminium-Bauteil wurde nach einer dieser Verfahrenvarianten aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Legierung durch Stranggiessen, Homogenisieren, Strangpressen, Recken, Ablängen, Tiefziehen, Polieren, Glänzen, Eloxieren hergestellt. Zum Vergleich wurden nach gleichem Verfahren gleich geformte Bauteile aus einer 6401-Legierung und einer 6016-Legierung hergestellt. Die Eigenschaften der Bauteile sind in der Tabelle 5 dargestellt. Für die Oberflächeneigenschaften wurde die Abbildungsschärfe in verschiedenen Oberflächenbereichen der fertigen Bauteile gemessen. Hohe Abbildungsschärfen sind Ausdruck für einen hohen Glanz und eine hohe Genauigkeit einer Abbildung, also ob Linien gerade oder verzerrt dargestellt werden. Das Umformvermögen wurde als Vergleichsumformgrad aufgeführt. Dafür wurden unter Zuhilfenahme eines zuvor aufgebrachten Messrasters auf ebene Strangpressprofilstücke der verschiedenen Legierungen nach einem tiefziehähnlichen Prozess die Umformgrade aus dem veränderten Linienraster bestimmt. Es wird deutlich, dass das erfindungsgemäße Bauteil als einziges Bauteil eine hohe Abbildungsschärfe (80%) bei gutem Umformvermögen (40%) zeigt.
Claims (17)
- Highly ductile aluminum alloy with high mechanical strength which can be decoratively anodized, with the following composition:0.3 to 0.9 wt.% silicon,0.1 to 0.5 wt.% magnesium,up to 0.2 wt.% iron,0.1 to 0.4 wt.% copper0.03 to 0.2 wt.% manganese0.01 wt.% titanium,0.08 to 0.22 wt.% zirconium and/or chromium and/or vanadium, total0.005 to 0.1 wt.% strontium,maximum 0.04 wt.% zinc,no or maximum 0.005 wt.% silver,maximum 0.02 wt.% unavoidable impurities, each,maximum 0.15 wt.% unavoidable impurities, total,the remainder consisting of aluminum,wherein the ratio by weight of silicon to magnesium is 1.8:1 to 3.3:1, wherein the ratio by weight of iron to strontium is 3:1 to 5:1.
- Aluminum alloy in accordance with Claim 1, characterized by the fact that strontium is present in amounts of 0.008 to 0.07 wt.%.
- Aluminum alloy in accordance with Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized by the fact that silver is present in amounts of 0.0005 to 0.005 wt.% for alloy identification.
- Method for producing a decoratively anodized, formed structural member from an aluminum alloy, characterized by the following process steps:- - melting an aluminum parent material with more than 99.7 wt.% aluminum and addition of alloying components to the aluminum melt up to a total composition of:0.3 to 0.9 wt.% silicon,0.1 to 0.5 wt.% magnesium,wherein the ratio by weight of silicon to magnesium is 1.8:1 to 3.3:1,up to 0.2 wt,% iron,0.005 to 0.1 wt.% strontium,wherein the ratio by weight of iron to strontium is 3:1 to 5:1,0.1 to 0.4 wt.% copper0.03 to 0.2 wt.% manganese0.01 wt.% titanium,0.08 to 0.22 wt.% zirconium and/or chromium and/or vanadium, totalmaximum 0.04 wt.% zinc,maximum 0.02 wt.% unavoidable impurities, each,maximum 0.15 wt.% unavoidable impurities, total,the remainder consisting of aluminum,- - casting the aluminum alloy melt into a rolling billet or continuously cast billet,- - homogenizing the rolling billet or continuously cast billet,- - hot forming and, if necessary, cold forming to a formed unfinished structural member, and- - chemical and/or electrolytic surface treatment of the formed unfinished structural member, comprising an anodic oxidation.
- Method in accordance with Claim 4, characterized by the fact that the iron content of the aluminum parent material that is used is determined, and the desired ratio by weight of iron to strontium is adjusted by addition of strontium and additional iron.
- Method in accordance with Claim 4 or Claim 5, characterized by the fact that the aluminum parent material is pure aluminum that contains at least 99.9 wt.% aluminum.
- Method in accordance with any of Claims 4 to 6, characterized by the fact that the strontium is added in the form of an aluminum-strontium master alloy.
- Method in accordance with Claim 7, characterized by the fact that the strontium is added in the form of an AlSr5 master alloy, an AlSr10 master alloy, or an AlSr3.5 master alloy.
- Method in accordance with any of Claims 4 to 8, characterized by the fact that the homogenized rolling billet is hot formed into a sheet bar by hot rolling.
- Method in accordance with Claim 9, characterized by the fact that the sheet bar is cold rolled to the desired final thickness with possible process annealing and, after a possible recrystallization annealing and/or removal of work hardening by heat treatment, the surface is patterned, smoothed, or roughened, and then the product is possibly subjected to another soft annealing and then cut to the desired lengths of sheet.
- Method in accordance with any of Claims 4 to 8, characterized by the fact that the homogenized continuously cast billet is hot formed into an open or hollow chamber section by extrusion, stretched, and cut into section lengths.
- Method in accordance with Claim 10 or Claim 11, characterized by the fact that the lengths of section or lengths of sheet are cold formed in one or more additional steps,
especially by rolling, bending, deep drawing, or tube forming or sheet-metal forming based on active means. - Method in accordance with any of Claims 4 to 12, characterized by the fact that formed unfinished structural members are polished, finish-polished, anodically oxidized (anodized), and sealed.
- Method in accordance with Claim 13, characterized by the fact that an electrolytic coloring step is additionally performed.
- Aluminum product made of aluminum alloy with a composition in accordance with any of Claims 1 to 3.
- Aluminum product in accordance with Claim 15, characterized by the fact that the aluminum product is a strip, a sheet, an extruded section, or a formed structural member produced from the aforementioned semifinished products.
- Aluminum product in accordance with Claim 16, characterized by the fact that the aluminum product is a decoratively anodized, formed structural member.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102004022817A DE102004022817A1 (en) | 2004-05-08 | 2004-05-08 | Decorative anodizable, easily deformable, mechanically highly loadable aluminum alloy, process for its production and aluminum product made from this alloy |
PCT/EP2005/004721 WO2005108633A2 (en) | 2004-05-08 | 2005-04-30 | Malleable, high mechanical strength aluminum alloy which can be anodized in a decorative manner, method for producing the same and aluminum product based on said alloy |
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JP (1) | JP4761275B2 (en) |
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2004
- 2004-05-08 DE DE102004022817A patent/DE102004022817A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2005
- 2005-04-30 AT AT05759604T patent/ATE435310T1/en active
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US20080318081A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
JP4761275B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
DE102004022817A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
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KR100903249B1 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
WO2005108633A2 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
CA2563515A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
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