EP1745181B1 - Elements de construction modulaires destines a la construction de mur de retenue - Google Patents

Elements de construction modulaires destines a la construction de mur de retenue Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1745181B1
EP1745181B1 EP05759986A EP05759986A EP1745181B1 EP 1745181 B1 EP1745181 B1 EP 1745181B1 EP 05759986 A EP05759986 A EP 05759986A EP 05759986 A EP05759986 A EP 05759986A EP 1745181 B1 EP1745181 B1 EP 1745181B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
double
sided
modular building
main body
building elements
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Not-in-force
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EP05759986A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1745181A1 (fr
Inventor
Ercument Fevzi Ulgumer
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Individual
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Priority claimed from TR2004/01044A external-priority patent/TR200401044A2/xx
Priority claimed from TR2004/01694A external-priority patent/TR200401694A2/xx
Priority claimed from TR2005/01589A external-priority patent/TR200501589A2/xx
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1745181A1 publication Critical patent/EP1745181A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0266—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/22—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
    • E04B2002/0217—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions of prismatic shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0245—Pegs or pins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0265—Building elements for making arcuate walls

Definitions

  • This present invention relates to the modular building elements fixed to each other without using mortar or reinforcement elements in order to construct a retaining wall which is capable of providing the desired resistance force against the external forces applied by the back-fill materials.
  • This invention can be evaluated within the technical fields of construction and structural landscaping. Additionally, modular building elements of this present invention can be made in miniature form and due to their geometric properties can also be used as a construction toy and in the field of model construction.
  • Retaining walls which are constructed by using natural stones generally has a thicker base relative to the upper part in order to increase the strength of the wall. Stones are processed generally manually until they reached to the appropriate shape to fit to each other and placed each one on the top of the other with the use of mortar in between.
  • One of the main disadvantages of those kind of walls is the difficulty of using mortar since it requires special skills and also improper use of mortar or the stones may result with a weakened wall. It is obvious that constructing a retaining wall with the use of natural stones is labor intensive and time consuming.
  • Concrete retaining walls require molding on-site. After preparing the mold, reinforcement elements are placed into the mold. Generally iron rods are used as a reinforcement element so that the desired strength level of concrete can be obtained. Iron rods are placed inside the mold and by casting the concrete into the mold construction is completed. Constructing a concrete retaining wall again labor intensive, expensive and time consuming. Casting concrete on-site also requires specially skilled persons to be employed. In addition to these disadvantages, transferring the equipments or devices as well as the materials required to the construction area is not always possible or too expensive.
  • Another way of constructing a retaining wall is to use the prefabricated modular concrete blocks which are generally have a projection and a recess located at oppositely facing surfaces so that the modular blocks can be fixed to each other without using mortar.
  • each block needs to be fixed into the ground behind the wall with ground anchors.
  • Ground anchors are fixed into the ground 5-6 meters apart from the wall.
  • Using modular concrete blocks seems to be the most economical and quick way of constructing a retaining wall.
  • reinforcement elements such as anchors
  • specially skilled persons should be employed and special technics have to be used.
  • Another point is that the concrete modular blocks generally have large surface area causing the weight of the blocks to be increased. Because of this reason, heavy duty devices or equipments are used during construction for carriage or placement purposes.
  • FR2619138 there are many studies and previously patented art which has similar conceptual perspective with the present invention such us FR2619138 , FR2703716 and WO0070154 .
  • FR2619138 inventor discloses an H-shaped concrete block which is suitable for constructing a mortarless retaining wall.
  • the concrete block disclosed by inventor comprises ribs and grooves located at oppositely facing surfaces and superimposed upon each other to form a retaining wall.
  • the depth of the grooves and so the compensating ribs may not always assure the strength of the wall under high forces applied by the back-fill material. Because of this reason a second courses of the blocks needs to be piled up consecutively so that more resistive force can be obtained from the wall.
  • this way of constructing a retaining wall might be time consuming and expensive.
  • FIG. 1 Another example of wall structure comprising mortarless prefabricated concrete construction elements is disclosed in FR2703716 .
  • the inventor discloses a T-shaped concrete elements which include a part forming the head with a visible front face and a part forming a footing with a smooth rear face.
  • the elements are interconnected to each other at the footing region of the elements so that the front faces are visible from both sides of the wall structure.
  • a single row of the wall is constructed by placing the elements side-by-side and each row is stacked on top of each other to form the wall structure.
  • the concrete elements within the single set of rows are interlocked to each other, there is no interconnection mechanism in between the successive rows. This may cause the overall strength of the wall to be weakened.
  • WO0070154 Another type of modular blocks that can be used to construct mortarless retaining walls are described in WO0070154 .
  • the inventor discloses triangular, rectangular or circular projections at the upper surface of the rectangular shaped block while at the bottom surface there are compensating recesses again designed at triangular, rectangular or circular forms.
  • the modular blocks are placed side-by-side and superimposed upon each other to form a retaining wall.
  • the wall structure disclosed in WO0070154 is the gravity wall type and the strength of the wall depends on the capability of producing the required resistive forces of the projections and the recesses.
  • the thickness of the projections and the recesses may not always assure the strength of the wall. Also complexity of the shapes designed for the projections and the recesses may increase the manufacturing cost of the modular blocks.
  • Each female block has a recess formed in the middle portion of the upper surface and in the lower surface so that a pair of flanges are formed on each side of each of the recesses.
  • Each male block has a protrusion formed on each corner area. Two adjacent protrusions of two male blocks can be received in the recess of the female block so that the male blocks and the female blocks can be stably coupled together.
  • buildings obtained by said blocks require a wide horizontal area in order to resist lateral loads, since the interlocking of the protrusions and recesses of the blocks can not obtained in slim type vertical walls. Also, it is not possible to construct house-like buildings, curved walls. In the areas having limited spaces, the retaining wall constructions with the said blocks are very difficult.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional methods mentioned above and to achieve considerable improvements both in economics of construction and the construction period. It should be kept in mind that while obtaining these improvements, the main purpose is to create more stable and resistant structures.
  • the improvements and advantages that can be obtained with the use of the present invention can be summarized as follows:
  • I - I Section a section of frontal main rectangular block (106) of double-sided main body element (101) crossing through bottom right corner to the central point of upper side of main rectangular block (106).
  • Modular building elements of the present invention consists of the following elements :
  • main body element (1) which is the essential component which forms the main structure of a retaining wall or the like. All other supplementary modular building elements are derived from the geometry of main body element (1).
  • main body element (1) comprises one main rectangular block (6) and two rectangular shaped columns, namely left column (7) and right column (8) which are placed over the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9) and they are located separately at both vertical sides of main rectangular block (6). Both left column (7) and right column (8) are perpendicular to the horizontal side of frontal surface of main rectangular block (9) and mate with the vertical sides of frontal surface of main rectangular block (9).
  • Total width of left column (7) and right column (8) is approximately equal to the width of the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9) and the height of the left column (7) or the right column (8) is longer than the height of the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9) and at most it can be two times longer than the height of the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9).
  • main body elements (1) When main body elements (1) are stacked on top of each other to form the retaining wall, they provide an exact match to each other in such a manner that there will not be any gap in between the main body elements (1). So when the longitudinal and lateral forces applied by the back-fill material to the wall, main body elements (1) are compressed so that the required resistive forces are produced.
  • main body element (1) For the preferred applications of main body element (1), detailed geometric properties and proportional measurements are described below. With the given geometry of main body element (1), it is intended to produce more stable structures.
  • the depth of the main rectangular block (6), left column (7) and right column (8) in other words, the width of main rectangular block left-hand side (18), main rectangular block right-hand side (20), left column left-hand side (17), right column right-hand side (19) can be increased or decreased voluntarily depending on the site or soil conditions or the material from which main body elements (1) are made.
  • footing element (2) which is used at the base or foundation of a retaining wall constructed by modular building elements of the present invention.
  • footing element (2) comprises an upper part (10) and a bottom part (11).
  • Upper part of footing element (10) is integrated to the bottom part of footing element (11).
  • the geometry of upper part (10) is derived from main body element (1) by taking a central section of main body element (1) at horizontal plane as shown in Fig. 2b A-A Section.
  • Bottom part of footing element (11) comprises preferably a rectangular shaped compact body and includes footing element reinforcing bars (12) in the form of protrusions which are preferably positioned at front and rear surfaces of bottom part of footing element (11).
  • Footing element reinforcing bars are used to secure the footing elements (2) into the base ground (13) so that the stability of the wall against the lateral or longitudinal forces applied by the back-fill material is assured.
  • Footing element reinforcing bars (12) can be designed at different shapes and can be produced by different materials such as iron rods or welded-wire.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a perspective view of upper-side finishing element (3) which is used at the uppermost row of the retaining wall.
  • upper-side finishing element (3) has same geometric properties and proportional measurements with the footing element (2).
  • reinforcing bars it is also possible to add reinforcing bars to upper-side finishing element (3) in a same way as applied to the footing element (2) so that it is possible to connect or secure the upper part of the retaining wall or any other structure comprising modular building elements of the present invention to a building or any other structure.
  • Fig. 5-6 describes upper-side finishing element (3) in such a manner that reinforcing bar structure is not applied.
  • the main purpose of upper-side finishing element (3) is to obtain a smooth or flat finishing at the top of the wall or the like.
  • edge finishing element (4) which is used at the vertical edges of the wall where there forms cavities in between two successive rows of the wall. It can be observed in Fig. 18 that a retaining wall comprising footing elements (2) and main body element (1) includes cavities at both vertical edges where the wall structure ends. Preferably edge finishing elements (4) can be used to fill these cavities.
  • the geometry of edge finishing element (4) is derived from main body element (1) by taking a central section of main rectangular block (6) of main body element (1) at vertical plane as shown in Fig. 2b B-B Section.
  • FIG. 9 there is shown a perspective view of corner finishing element (5) which is used at the upper-left or upper-right corners of the wall.
  • the geometry of corner finishing element (5) is derived from upper-side finishing element (3) by taking a central section of upper-side finishing element (3) at vertical plane as shown in Fig. 6b C-C Section.
  • This vertical division of upper-side finishing element (3) produces left and right parts individually so they are used at upper-left corner and upper-right corner respectively.
  • Fig. 9 refer to the division taken from left hand-side.
  • a base ground (13) preferably in the form of a trench is excavated at a level slightly lower then the frontal ground level (16) in such a manner that soil mass (14) or back-fill materials stay at the back of the trench.
  • Fig. 11 represents a perspective view of a sample base ground (13) of a retaining wall over which modular building elements are laid upon to form the wall.
  • FIG. 12 there is shown a perspective view of footing elements (2) which are located side-by-side into the base ground (13) so that the commencing row of the retaining wall is formed.
  • footing elements (2) are located into the base ground (13) in such a manner that footing element reinforcing bars (12) or bottom part of footing element (11) is completely buried down the frontal ground level (16).
  • the rear surfaces of the footing elements (2) (shown in Fig. 4d ) should be at the side of soil mass (14) or the back-fill materials by which the load is applied to the wall. In other words, columns of the footing element (2) should be at the outer or empty side of the wall.
  • FIG. 13 there is shown a perspective view of base ground (13) after which footing elements (2) are located into the base ground (13).
  • filling material of base ground (15) such as compacted granular mortar or concrete is poured into the base ground (13) so that footing elements (2) are secured to the base ground (13) to form the commencing row of the wall.
  • the completed form of the base is such that the level of filling material of base ground (15) is preferably same with the frontal ground level (16).
  • FIG. 14 there is shown a perspective view of a partial retaining wall constructed by using main body elements (1) and edge finishing elements (4) which are placed over the footing elements (2).
  • First row of the wall comprising main body elements (1) is laid upon the footing elements (2) and similarly subsequent rows of main body elements (2) are laid thereupon.
  • the rear surface of main body elements (1) (shown in Fig. 2d ) should be at the side where the load is applied from by soil mass (14) or the back-fill materials.
  • FIG. 2d the rear surface of main body elements (1) (shown in Fig. 2d ) should be at the side where the load is applied from by soil mass (14) or the back-fill materials.
  • edge finishing elements (4) are also used to fill the cavities formed at two opposite edges of the wall and again while placing the edge-finishing elements (4) into the wall, the rear surface of edge-finishing elements (4) (shown in Fig. 8e ) should be at the side where the load is applied from.
  • Fig. 15 represents the placement position of the edge finishing element (4) into the corresponding row of the wall.
  • FIG. 16 there is shown a perspective view of the partial retaining wall showing the placement position of the upper-side finishing elements (3) and the corner finishing elements (5) into the wall.
  • Upper-side finishing elements (3) is used at the uppermost row of the retaining wall in order to obtain a flat finishing.
  • corner finishing elements (5) are used at the left and right corners of the uppermost row of the wall again to obtain a flat finishing.
  • the rear surfaces of the upper-side finishing elements (3) and the corner finishing elements (5) (shown in Fig. 6d and Fig. 10e respectively) should be at the side of back-fill materials where the load is applied from.
  • Fig. 17 illustrates a perspective view of a completed retaining wall which is constructed by aforementioned modular building elements of the present invention.
  • Fig. 18 there is shown a perspective view of a retaining wall from which edge finishing elements (4), corner finishing elements (5) and the upper-side finishing elements (3) are removed.
  • a retaining wall comprising main body elements (1) and footing elements (2) only.
  • the retaining wall may represent a different aesthetic view without loosing of its stability and durability attributes. So those kind of different configurations of aforementioned modular building elements can be applied depending on the kind or amount of load that is going to be resisted.
  • FIG. 19 A rear perspective view of a partial retaining wall comprising main body elements (1) is shown in Fig. 19 whereas the front view illustrated in Fig. 20 .
  • main geometric properties of modular building elements of the present invention ensure the stability of the constructed structures in such a way that: upper and bottom part of each column which belongs to an individual element pass through the frontal cavities of the modular building elements which are placed over or beneath the referenced element; the bottom surface of left and right columns (28, 29) and again the bottom surface of main rectangular block (31) contact with the upper surfaces of corresponding columns and the main rectangular blocks that exist just beneath the referenced element.
  • Frontal cavities of the modular building elements of the present invention that is to say, frontal cavity of main body element (21), frontal cavity of footing element (22), frontal cavity of upper-side finishing element (23), frontal cavity of edge finishing element (24) and frontal cavity of corner finishing element (25) are shown in Figures 2a-4a-6b-8a-10b respectively.
  • FIG.21 there is shown a perspective view of column building element (32) which is used to construct a mortarless column structure (39).
  • a perspective view of column structure is shown in Fig. 23 .
  • a column building element (32) has the same geometric properties and the proportional measurements with the main body element (1). The main difference is that the column building element (32) has preferably at least one pin component (33) and the corresponding pin hole (34).
  • a column building element (32) is placed over the ground or a base in such a manner that column frontal surface of column building element (35) is parallel to the ground plane.
  • a column building element (32) is located on top of the other by turning it 90 degrees clock-wise or counter clock-wise so that column building elements (32) forms the column structure (39) without leaving any space or gaps in between the column building elements (32).
  • main rectangular block frontal surface of column building element (37) contacts with the main rectangular block rear surface of column building element (38) which lays therebelow.
  • column frontal surface of column building element (35) contacts with the column rear surface of column building element (36) which lays therebelow.
  • column building element (32) includes preferably at least one pin component (33) and the corresponding pin hole (34).
  • the pin component which belongs to a column building element (32) is embedded into the corresponding pin hole of the subsequent column building element (32).
  • the important point here is that the pin component and the corresponding pin hole should be placed in the column building elements (32) in such a manner that they represents an exact match to each other when they are overlapped. So considering this point, different alternative usage of the pin component can be developed.
  • pin components can be manufactured separately and assembled to the column building elements (32) during construction. It is also possible to apply different ideas to resist to lateral forces applied to the column structure (39) such that the contacting surfaces of the column building elements (32) can be prefabricated including projections and recesses designed at various shapes instead of using a pin component.
  • main body elements (1) can also be used instead of column building element (32) where there is no lateral force applied to the column structure (39).
  • a corner building element (40) to supply a 90 degrees turning to a retaining wall constructed with the aforementioned modular building elements of the present invention.
  • a corner building element (40) comprises a frontal surface block (41), a left column (42), and a right column (43).
  • Corner building elements (40) interconnects the modular building elements at the corner region of the wall so that any possible separation of the sides of the wall because of any longitudinal forces can be avoided. It should also be noted that by using the corner building elements (40) a smooth finishing can be obtained at the corner region, that is to say, there will not be any gaps or spaces in between the modular building elements.
  • the geometry of the corner building element (40) is derived from two edge finishing elements (4) (shown in Fig. 8 ) in such a manner that; first edge finishing element (4) is turned 180 degrees at the horizontal plane relative to the second edge finishing element (4); rear surface of the first edge finishing element (45) mates with the right-hand side surface of the second edge finishing element (44) as well as rear surface of the second edge finishing element (45) is at the same plane with the left-hand side of first edge finishing element (46).
  • column upper surfaces of both edge finishing elements (58) and respectively column bottom surfaces of both edge finishing elements (59) should be at the same plane.
  • FIG. 26 there is shown a perspective view of a partial retaining wall showing the placement position of a corner building element (40) into a wall structure.
  • first footing elements (2) are located inside the base ground (13) including a 90 degrees turning point, afterwards main body elements (1) are stacked over the footing elements (2) along with the corner building elements (40) appropriately placed at the turning point of the wall.
  • upper-side finishing elements (3) and corner finishing elements (5) can preferably be used at the uppermost row of a retaining wall which includes a 90 degrees turning in order to obtain a flat finishing.
  • a perspective view of a concave curved main body element (47) which is used to form a curved or circular shape retaining wall As shown in Fig. 29 , the geometric properties of a concave curved main body element (47) is characterized in that: by twisting or bending a main body element (1) over a plane which coincides with the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9), so as a result, rear surface of main body element (1) takes a concave shape which is suitable to form a curved or circular structures around a vertical axis which is perpendicular to the ground plane.
  • Fig. 30 there is shown top view of appropriate placement position of a concave curved main body element (47) to form a circular structure.
  • FIG. 30 it can be observed that, rear surface of concave curved main body element (48) coincides with inner circle arc (52) as well as left column frontal surface of concave curved main body element (50) and right column frontal surface of concave curved main body element (51) coincides with outer circle arc (53) of the wall structure. Similarly, frontal surface of concave curved main body element (49) coincides with intermediate circle arc (55). Circles constituting inner circle arc (52), outer circle arc (53) and intermediate circle arc (55) have common center. Additionally, inner circle radius (54) shown in Fig. 30 is same with the radius of a curved retaining wall structure shown in Fig. 31 .
  • FIG. 28-29 the rear surface of concave curved main body element (48) is shown in the form of a concave curved shape and the rear surface of a concave curved main body element (48) forms inner circle or interior surface of a circular retaining wall comprising concave curved main body elements (47) as shown in Fig. 31 .
  • rear surface of concave curved main body element (48) can also be designed and manufactured at the convex curved form.
  • FIG. 32 there is shown top view of a convex curved main body element (56) placement position into a circular wall structure. As it is illustrated in Fig.
  • the geometric properties of a convex curved main body element (56) is characterized in that: by twisting or bending a main body element (1) over a plane which coincides with the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9) rear surface of main body element (1) takes a convex curved shape which is suitable to form a curved or circular structures around a vertical axis which is perpendicular to the ground plane.
  • the rear surface of a convex curved main body element (57) forms outer circle arc (53) of a circular retaining wall comprising convex curved main body elements (56).
  • FIG. 33 there is shown side view of a vertically convex curved main body element (60) placement position into a curved wall according to the invention.
  • Vertically convex curved main body element (60) is another form of modular building elements of the present invention which can be used to construct a curved or circular shape retaining wall or the like.
  • the geometric properties of a vertically convex curved main body element (60) is characterized in that: by twisting or bending a main body element (1) over a plane which coincides with the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9), column frontal surfaces of main body element (1) takes a convex curved shape which is suitable to form a curved or circular structures around a horizontal axis which is parallel to the ground plane.
  • Fig. 34 there is shown side view of a vertically concave curved main body element (61) placement position into a curved wall according to the invention.
  • vertically concave curved main body element (61) is another form of modular building elements of the present invention which can be used to construct a curved or circular shape retaining wall or the like.
  • the geometric properties of a vertically concave curved main body element (61) is characterized in that: by twisting or bending a main body element (1) over a plane which coincides with the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9), column frontal surfaces of main body element (1) takes a concave curved shape which is suitable to form a curved or circular structures around a horizontal axis which is parallel to the ground plane.
  • footing elements (2) can be located into the base ground (13) in such a manner that footing elements (2) can form an angle relative to the ground plane so that inclined wall structures can be obtained and over this inclined foundation structure, modular building elements such as main body elements (1), upper-side finishing elements (3), edge finishing elements (4) corner finishing elements (5) and corner building elements (40) can be superimposed upon each other to complete the inclination wall structure.
  • concave curved main body element (47) is used to construct curved or circular shape retaining walls.
  • concave curved footing elements, concave curved upper-side finishing elements, concave curved edge finishing elements, concave curved corner finishing elements which are compatible with the concave curved main body element (47).
  • convex curved footing elements, convex curved upper-side finishing elements, convex curved edge finishing elements, convex curved corner finishing elements which are compatible with the convex curved main body element (56) which is another form of modular building elements used to construct curved or circular structures.
  • modular building elements of the present invention is vertically convex curved main body element (60) which is again suitable for constructing curved or circular shape retaining walls.
  • vertically convex curved footing elements vertically convex curved upper-side finishing elements
  • vertically convex curved edge finishing elements vertically convex curved corner finishing elements which are compatible with the vertically convex curved main body element (60).
  • vertically concave curved footing elements vertically concave curved upper-side finishing elements, vertically concave curved edge finishing elements, vertically concave curved corner finishing elements which are compatible with vertically concave curved main body element (61) which is another form of modular building elements used to construct curved or circular structures.
  • projections and recesses at various geometric shapes or any kind of pin mechanisms can be designed and applied over the contacting surfaces of the modular building elements of the present invention. So when they are superimposed upon each other, these projections and recesses along with the pin mechanisms provide an exact fixing or interlocking of the modular building elements to each other so that the structures comprising modular building elements can even be resistive against the forces applied from the exterior or empty side.
  • Modular building elements of the present invention also include the following modular parts as an addition to aforementioned and described modular building elements.
  • Double-sided modular building element is the generic name given to these parts. These parts are designed:
  • double-sided modular building elements are designed to be able to construct wall structures which are resistive against the forces applied from both sides of the wall.
  • any structure such as a retaining wall or like comprising double-sided modular building elements has self-standing property.
  • a second rectangular block which is similar to main rectangular block (6) of main body element (1), namely frontal main rectangular block (106), is located at the frontal surfaces of left column (7) and right column (8) of main body element (1) and frontal main rectangular block (106) forms an integrated structure with the main body element (1).
  • Double-sided footing element (102) which is the part used at the foundation of a wall structure comprising double-sided main body elements (101).
  • Double-sided footing element (102) comprises upper part (110) and bottom part (111).
  • Upper part of double-sided footing element (110) is integrated to the bottom part of double-sided footing element (111).
  • the geometry of upper part of double-sided footing element (110) is derived from double-sided main body element (101) by taking a central section of double-sided main body element (101) at horizontal plane as shown in Fig. 36b D-D Section.
  • Bottom part of double-sided footing element (111) comprises preferably a rectangular shaped compact body and includes double-sided footing element reinforcing bars (112) in the form of protrusions which are preferably positioned at front and rear surfaces of bottom part of double-sided footing element (111).
  • Double-sided footing element reinforcing bars (112) are used to secure the double-sided footing elements (102) into the base ground so that the stability of the wall against the lateral or longitudinal forces applied by the back-fill material is assured.
  • Double-sided footing element reinforcing bars (112) can be designed at different shapes and can be produced by different materials such as iron rods or welded-wire.
  • a double-sided upper-side finishing element (103), as shown in Fig. 39-40 is used at the uppermost row of a retaining wall. Still referring to Fig. 39-40 , double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) has same geometric properties and proportional measurements with a double-sided footing element (102). For the preferable applications of double-sided upper-side finishing element (103), it is possible to add reinforcing bars to double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) in a same way as applied to the double-sided footing element (102) so that it is possible to connect or secure the upper part of a retaining wall or any other structure comprising double-sided modular building elements of the present invention to a building or any other structure. Fig.
  • double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) in such a manner that reinforcing bar structure is not applied.
  • the main purpose of double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) is to obtain a smooth or flat finishing at the top of the retaining wall or the like.
  • Double-sided edge finishing element (104) which is used to fill the cavities formed at the vertical edges of the wall in between two successive rows.
  • a retaining wall comprising double-sided footing elements (102) and double-sided main body element (101) includes cavities at both vertical edges where the wall structure ends.
  • double-sided edge finishing elements (104) can be used to fill these cavities.
  • the geometry of double-sided edge finishing element (104) is derived from double-sided main body element (101) by taking a central section of frontal main rectangular block (106) of double-sided main body element (101) at vertical plane as shown in Fig. 36b E-E Section.
  • Fig. 43 there is shown a perspective view of double-sided corner finishing element (105) which is used at the upper-left or upper-right corners of a wall structure comprising double-sided modular building elements of the present invention.
  • the geometry of double-sided corner finishing element (105) is derived from double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) by taking a central section of double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) at vertical plane as shown in Fig. 40b F-F Section.
  • This vertical division of double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) produces left and right parts of double-sided corner finishing element (105) which are symmetrical to each other and used at upper-left and upper-right corners respectively.
  • Fig. 45-54 there are shown phases of constructing a sample retaining wall structure by using double-sided modular building elements, namely double-sided main body elements (101), double-sided footing elements (102), double-sided upper-side finishing elements (103), double-sided edge finishing elements (104) and double-sided corner finishing elements (105).
  • double-sided main body elements 101
  • double-sided footing elements 102
  • double-sided upper-side finishing elements 103
  • double-sided edge finishing elements 10
  • 105 double-sided corner finishing elements
  • Two separate double-sided corner returning elements are designed in order to be able to add a 90 degrees turning point structure to a retaining wall comprising double-sided modular building elements. These elements are double-sided corner returning first element (140a) (shown in Fig. 55-56 ) and double-sided corner returning second element (140b) (shown in Fig. 57-58 ).
  • double-sided corner footing element (202) is used at the corner of the foundation structure comprising double-sided footing elements (102) which includes 90 degrees turning point. Double-sided corner footing element (202) is given in Fig. 59-60 .
  • a double-sided corner returning first element (140a), shown in Fig. 55-56 , is characterized in that: a compact body is obtained when double-sided edge finishing element interior cavity (124) is full and over this compact body, column bottom part of double-sided edge finishing element (125) and column upper part of double-sided edge finishing element (126) slided towards the centre of this compact body.
  • a double-sided corner returning second element (140b) as shown in Fig. 57-58 , is same with the geometry obtained by: mating the side surface of a substance obtained by putting a hole at the place of column heads of a double-sided corner returning first element (140a) having the same cross-section with a column, all the way along the body of double-sided corner returning first element (140a); with the double-sided edge finishing element side surfaces (127) (shown in Fig. 42 ) which belongs to a double-sided edge finishing element (104); integrating or mating these two substances to each other over the same plane, double-sided corner returning second element (140b) is obtained.
  • Double-sided corner footing element (202) which is the part used at the corner of a foundation structure of a wall comprising double-sided modular building elements so that a 90 degrees turning can be added to the wall structure.
  • Double-sided corner footing element (202) comprises upper part (210) and bottom part (211).
  • Upper part of double-sided corner footing element (210) is integrated to the bottom part of double-sided corner footing element (211).
  • the geometry of upper part of double-sided corner footing element (210) is derived from double-sided corner returning first element (140a) by taking a central section of double-sided corner returning first element (140a) at horizontal plane as shown in Fig. 56b G-G Section.
  • Bottom part of double-sided corner footing element (211) comprises preferably a rectangular or square shaped compact body and includes double-sided corner footing element reinforcing bars (212) in the form of protrusions which are preferably positioned at front and side surfaces of bottom part of double-sided corner footing element (211).
  • Double-sided corner footing element reinforcing bars (212) are used to secure the double-sided corner footing element (202) into the base ground so that the stability or strength of the wall is assured.
  • Double-sided corner footing element reinforcing bars (212) can be designed at different shapes and can be produced by different materials such as iron rods or welded-wire depending on the site or soil conditions.
  • first or commencing row of a wall structure including 90 degrees turning point comprises double-sided footing elements (102) which are located side-by-side all the way through both direction and double-sided corner footing element (202) which is placed at the corner.
  • construction of first side started with double-sided main body elements (101) placed side-by-side until ending edge of the wall is reached where double-sided edge finishing element (104) is used; and for the other side, construction started with a double-sided corner returning second element (140b) located at the corner and continued with double-sided main body elements (101).
  • Modular building elements used to form the second row is shown in Fig. 63-64 .
  • the third row of a 90 degrees turning wall comprises a double-sided corner returning first element (140a) located at the corner and double-sided main body elements (101) placed side-by-side towards the both direction of the wall.
  • Modular building elements used to form the third row is shown in Fig. 65-66 .
  • construction of first side started with double-sided corner returning second element (140b) located at the corner and continued with double-sided main body elements (101) until the ending edge is reached; and for the other side, construction started with a double-sided edge finishing element (104) and continued with double-sided main body elements (101).
  • the modular building elements used to form the fourth row is shown in Fig. 67-68 .
  • the fifth row of a 90 degrees turning wall comprises a double-sided corner returning first element (140a) located at the corner and double-sided main body elements (101) placed side-by-side towards the both direction of the wall in a same way as it is done in first or third rows.
  • height of a retaining wall structure including 90 degrees turning can be increased with the method described above.
  • Fig. 70 there is shown a perspective view of a double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) from top and bottom point of views.
  • Fig. 71 there is shown plan views of a double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) from top, front, side and rear point of views.
  • a double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) is placed at the uppermost corner of a 90 degrees turning wall and used to provide a flat or smoot finishing at that location.
  • a double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) is same with a substance obtained by removing one of the column head of double-sided corner returning second element (141) which belongs to double-sided corner returning second element (140b) (shown in Fig. 58 ) and double-sided corner returning second element corporal cavities (142) is covered up at the side where column head is removed in such a manner that the depth of double-sided corner returning second element corporal cavities (142) is at least equal to the height of column heads of double-sided modular building elements of the present invention.
  • FIG. 72 there is shown a perspective view of a sample retaining wall including a 90 degrees turning point illustrating the state of the uppermost row when flat finishing is not applied.
  • Fig. 73 there is shown is a perspective view of the same wall structure as double-sided upper-side finishing elements (103) and double-sided corner finishing elements (105) are located at the uppermost row and the placement position of a double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) is shown. Now referring to Fig.
  • a perspective view of a sample retaining wall including a 90 degrees turning point as double-sided upper-side finishing elements (103), double-sided corner finishing elements (105) and a double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) are located at the uppermost row so that a flat finishing is obtained.
  • a perspective view of a curved double-sided main body element (147) which is used to form a curved or circular shape retaining wall according to the invention.
  • the geometric properties of a curved double-sided main body element (147) is characterized in that: by twisting or bending a double-sided main body element (101) over a plane which coincides with or parallel to the frontal main rectangular block (106), so as a result, double-sided main body element (101) takes a curved shape around a vertical axis which is perpendicular to the ground plane.
  • Fig. 77 there is shown a perspective view of a partial circular retaining wall which is constructed by using curved double-sided main body elements (147) according to the invention.
  • curved double-sided modular building elements for each of the aforementioned double-sided modular building elements that are compatible with curved double-sided main body element (147). Consequently, by using these curved double-sided modular building elements, concave or convex curved structures can be constructed around a vertical axis which is perpendicular to the ground plane, as shown in Fig. 77 as well as around a horizontal axis which is parallel to the ground plane. Additionally, it is also possible to form circular or curved wall structures around an axis which forms any angle relative to the ground plane.
  • curved double-sided modular building elements which are compatible with curved double-sided main body element (147), namely double-sided footing element (102), double-sided upper-side finishing element (103), double-sided edge finishing element (104), double-sided corner finishing element (105), double-sided corner returning first element (140a), double-sided corner returning second element (140b), double-sided corner footing element (202) and double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) is characterized in that: by twisting or bending double-sided modular building elements mentioned above over a plane which coincides with or parallel to the frontal surface of the elements, and obtaining curved shaped double-sided modular building elements around a vertical axis which is perpendicular to the ground plane.
  • the curvature shapes concave or convex
  • directions longitudinal or lateral
  • FIG. 78 there is shown an alternative double-sided main body element (301) which is obtained by locating a diamond shaped block instead of frontal main rectangular block (106).
  • Frontal perspective view of a partial retaining wall structure comprising alternative double-sided main body elements (301) is shown in Fig. 79-80 , as well as the rear perspective view can be seen in Fig. 81 .
  • Alternative double-sided modular building elements which are compatible with alternative double-sided main body element (301).
  • Vast variety of geometric shapes can be applied as well as a diamond shape for frontal main rectangular block (106) of a double-sided main body element (101) (or main rectangular block (6) of a main body element (1)).
  • main rectangular block (6) or frontal main rectangular block (106) can be designed in such a manner that they can include openings for drainage purposes of ground water or projections and recesses for aesthetic purposes.
  • Retaining wall structure including a 90 degrees turning point constructed by using double-sided corner footing element (202), double-sided corner returning first element (140a) and double-sided edge finishing element (104) (construction method is illustrated in Fig. 62-69 ) may include relatively weakened areas (305) as shown in Fig. 69 . These weakened areas (305) may cause the wall strength to be decreased at the turning point. So, in order to overcome this problem, double-sided corner returning third element (310) (shown in Fig. 82 ) and double-sided corner footing second element (320) (shown in Fig. 84 ) can be used instead of using aforementioned elements (202, 140a, 104). As a result, relatively weakened areas (305) are removed from the 90 degrees turning point of a retaining wall structure. This alternative construction method of a 90 degrees turning point comprising elements 310 and 320 is illustrated in Fig. 86-97 .
  • the geometric property of a double-sided corner returning third element (310) is characterized in that: the outmost cavity of the double-sided corner returning second element (142) is filled and over this filled area, column heads (311) are located both at lower and upper side which has the same cross-section with column heads of double-sided corner returning second element (141).
  • Double-sided corner footing second element (320) is an element used at the corner of the foundation of a wall structure including 90 degrees turning point and the aim of using this element is to eliminate the relatively weakened areas (305) (shown in Fig. 69 ) from the wall structure.
  • Double-sided corner footing second element (320) comprises an upper part (322) and a bottom part (321). Upper part (322) is integrated to the bottom part of double-sided corner footing second element (321).
  • the geometry of upper part (322) is derived from double-sided corner returning third element (310) by taking a central section of frontal block of double-sided corner returning third element (316) at horizontal plane as shown in Fig. 83b H-H Section.
  • Bottom part of double-sided corner footing second element (321) comprises preferably a rectangular shaped compact body and includes double-sided corner footing second element reinforcing bars (325) in the form of protrusions which are preferably positioned at front and rear surfaces of bottom part of double-sided corner footing second element (320).
  • Double-sided corner footing second element reinforcing bars (325) are used to secure the double-sided corner footing second element (320) into the base ground so that the stability or strength of the wall is assured.
  • Double-sided corner footing second element reinforcing bars (325) can be designed at different shapes and can be produced by different materials such as iron rods or welded-wire depending on the site or soil conditions.
  • a double-sided corner returning second element 140b
  • first double-sided corner returning third element 310) is located at the corner and double-sided main body elements (101) are placed side-by-side in a same way done for the second row. Construction of the third row is shown in Fig. 90-91 . In Fig. 90-91 . In Fig. 90-91 .
  • double-sided corner returning second element (140b) and double-sided corner returning third element (310) is used consecutively and double-sided main body elements (101) are located beside these elements towards the both direction of the wall.
  • Fig. 97 there is shown a completed form of the wall. As its explained before, in order to obtain smooth finishing at the finishing sides of the wall, double-sided edge finishing elements (104), double-sided corner finishing elements (105), double-sided upper-side finishing elements (103) and double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) are used.
  • the geometric properties of a double-sided corner footing second element without reinforcing bars (330) is same with the geometry of upper part of double-sided corner footing second element (322).
  • This element (330) is again used at the corner point of the foundation structure of a 90 degrees turning wall where reinforcing is not possible or is not required.
  • Double-sided window opening bottom element (340) is used at the bottom sides of wide openings such as windows or doors which may form in a wall structure comprising double-sided modular building elements of the present invention.
  • the geometric properties of a double-sided window opening bottom element (340) is same with the double-sided upper-side finishing element (103), the only difference is that the internal cavity of double-sided upper-side finishing element (341) (shown in Fig. 40a .) is all along the body of the element.
  • a double-sided inclination element (350) is used to obtain an inclined finishing to a wall structure so that some special applications can be possible such as obtaining a roof structure or inclined finishing at the upper side of door or window openings.
  • the geometry of a double-sided inclination element (350) is obtained by taking a cross-section preferably through bottom right corner of frontal main rectangular block (106) of double-sided main body element (101) to the mid-point of upper side of main rectangular block (106) over an angled horizontal plane which is perpendicular to the frontal main rectangular block (106) as shown in Fig. 36b I-I section.
  • Fig. 105-113 there is shown a sample utilization of double-sided modular building elements of the present invention.
  • Fig. 105 illustrates a foundation structure comprising double-sided footing elements (102) and double-sided corner footing second elements (320). Over this foundation structure, placement positions of the other double-sided modular building elements such as 101,104,140b, 310 and 340 are shown in Fig 106-107 .
  • Fig 108-110 illustrates the placement position of double-sided inclination elements (350) over the window and door openings.
  • Fig 111-113 again the placement position of double-sided inclination elements (350) are shown in order to obtain a roof structure.
  • Fig 114 there is shown a perspective view of a sample curved structure comprising curved double-sided main body elements (147). Obviously, it is also possible to give curved forms to all the other double-sided modular building elements in order to be able to construct structures like one given in Fig 114 .
  • All the modular building elements of the present invention described herein may not only be used in the construction of a retaining wall or the like structures, but it is also possible to produce them in a miniature form and use them as a construction toy or model constructing elements. Further, all the modular building elements described herein also have the following properties and attributes:

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Claims (54)

  1. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires utilisés de façon à former une paroi de retenue sans mortier ou autre structure qui soutient la masse du sol ou autre matériel se trouvant derrière ; la dite paroi étant adaptée pour permettre à une nappe d'eau de passer à travers les éléments en s'assurant de la stabilité de la dite paroi ; la dite paroi étant adaptée à la réparation par remplacement uniquement des éléments cassés ou endommagés ; la hauteur ou la longueur de la dite paroi étant adaptée de façon à être augmentée ou diminuée selon les besoins ; l'emplacement de la dite paroi étant adapté de façon à pouvoir démonter ses éléments (1); la dite paroi étant adaptée de façon à former une structure verticale sans utiliser aucune sorte de technique d'ancrage ou de renforcement entre la dite paroi et le matériel de remblai ; et chacun des dits éléments de construction modulaires comprenant au moins un élément de corps principal (1) comprenant un bloc principal rectangulaire (6) et deux colonnes de forme rectangulaire, à savoir la colonne gauche (7) et la colonne droite (8); les deux dites colonnes, la colonne gauche (7) et la colonne droite (8) étant perpendiculaires au côté horizontal de la surface frontale du bloc rectangulaire principal (9) et faisant jeu avec les côtés verticaux de la surface frontale du bloc principal rectangulaire (9); la largeur totale de la dite colonne gauche (7) et de la dite colonne droite (8) étant environ égale à la largeur de la surface frontale du bloc principal rectangulaire (9); où la hauteur de la colonne gauche (7) ou de la colonne droite (8) est plus grande que la longueur de la surface frontale du bloc principal rectangulaire (9) et tout au plus, elle peut être deux fois plus grande que la hauteur de la surface frontale du bloc rectangulaire principal (9) et les dits éléments de construction modulaires sont caractérisés en ce que les dites colonnes (7,8) sont situées au dessus de la surface frontale (9) du bloc rectangulaire principal (6) et disposées verticalement aux deux côtés verticaux du bloc principal rectangulaire (6).
  2. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 1, où les propriétés géométriques préférentielles détaillées et les dimensions proportionnelles de l'élément de corps principal (1) sont telles que :
    • La longueur du côté horizontal du dit bloc principal rectangulaire (6) est deux fois plus grande que le côté vertical du dit bloc rectangulaire (6);
    • La hauteur de la dite colonne gauche (7) ou de la dite colonne droite (8) est environ égale à la longueur du côté horizontal du dit bloc principal horizontal (6),
    • Le côté gauche de la colonne gauche (17) est au même niveau que le côté gauche du bloc principal rectangulaire (18),
    • Le côté droit de la colonne droite (19) est au même niveau que le côté droit du bloc principal rectangulaire (20),
    • La surface supérieure de la colonne gauche du corps principal (26) est au même niveau que la surface supérieure de la colonne droite du corps principal (27) et plus haute que la surface supérieure du bloc principal rectangulaire (30),
    • La surface inferieure de la colonne gauche de l'élément de corps principal (28) est au même niveau que la surface inférieure de la colonne droite de l'élément de corps principal (29) et plus basse que la surface inférieure du bloc principal rectangulaire (31).
  3. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 1, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément de fondation (2) comportant
    • la partie supérieure de l'élément de fondation(10) obtenue depuis le dit élément de corps principal (1) en prenant une section centrale du dit élément de corps principal (1) à un niveau horizontal (Section A-A);
    • la partie inférieure de l'élément de fondation (11) comportant de préférence un corps compact de forme rectangulaire ; la dite partie supérieure (10) et la dite partie inferieure (11) du dit élément de fondation (2) étant intégrées l'une à l'autre.
  4. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 3, où la dite partie intérieure de l'élément de fondation (11) des barres d'armatures de l'élément de fondation (12) qui sont utilisées pour renforcer les dits éléments de fondation (2) à la base du sol (13) de sorte que la stabilité de la dite paroi soit assurée.
  5. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 4, où les dites barres d'armature de l'élément de fondation (12) sont conçues sous forme de saillies qui sont de préférence situées sur le devant et l'arrière de la surface de la dite partie inférieure de l'élément de fondation (11); les dites barres d'armature de l'élément de fondation (12) sont fabriquées avec du matériel industriel tel que barres en fer ou fils soudés.
  6. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 1 et 3, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément d'extrémité supérieur (3) ayant les mêmes propriétés géométriques et les mêmes dimensions proportionnelles que le dit élément de fondation (2).
  7. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 6, où les parties comme les dites barres d'armature (12) peuvent être appliquées à un élément d'extrémité supérieur (3) de façon à relier ou renforcer la partie supérieure de la dite paroi à une construction ou toute autre structure de la même façon qu'elles sont appliquées au dit élément de fondation (2).
  8. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 1, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément d'extrémité de bord (4) étant obtenu à partir de l'élément de corps principal (1) en prenant une section centrale du dit élément de corps principal (1) à un niveau vertical (Section B-B).
  9. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 1 et 6, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément d'extrémité de coin (5) étant obtenu à partir du dit élément d'extrémité supérieur (3), en prenant une section centrale de l'élément d'extrémité supérieur (3) à un niveau vertical (Section C-C); et cette division verticale de l'élément d'extrémité supérieur (3) produit des parties gauches et droites individuelles de façon à être utilisées respectivement au coin supérieur gauche et coin supérieur droit de la dite paroi de retenue.
  10. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 1, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément de construction de colonne (32) ayant les mêmes propriétés géométriques et dimensions proportionnelles que le dit élément de corps principal (1); de sorte que la seule différence est que le dit élément de construction de colonne (32) contient au moins un élément de broche (33) et un moins un trou de broche correspondant (34); et où les dits éléments de construction de colonne (32) sont utilisés our construire une structure de colonne sans mortier (39).
  11. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 10, où le dit élément de broche (33) est une partie intégrée à l'élément de construction de colonne (32).
  12. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 10, où le dit élément de broche (33) peut être fabriqué comme une partie séparée et assemblé à l'élément de construction de colonne (32) lors de la construction.
  13. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 1 et 8, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément de construction de coin (40) étant obtenu géométriquement à partir des deux dits éléments d'extrémité de bord (4) de telle sorte que :
    • le premier élément d'extrémité de bord (4) est situé à 180 degrés à un niveau horizontal;
    • la surface arrière du premier élément d'extrémité de bord (45) fait jeu avec le côté droit de la surface du deuxième élément d'extrémité de bord (44);
    • la surface arrière du deuxième élément d'extrémité de bord (45) est au même niveau que le côté gauche du premier élément d'extrémité de bord (46);
    • les surfaces du haut de la colonne des deux éléments d'extrémité de bord (58) et les surfaces du bas de la colonne des deux éléments de fondation (59) sont respectivement au même niveau.
  14. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 1, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément de corps principal courbé concave (47) étant obtenu en tournant ou en courbant le dit élément de corps principal (1) sur un niveau qui coïncide avec la surface frontale du bloc rectangulaire principal (9), et par conséquent, la surface arrière de l'élément de corps principal (1) adopte une forme concave autour de l'axe vertical qui est perpendiculaire au niveau du sol.
  15. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 14, où le dit élément de corps principal courbé concave (47) a :
    • la surface arrière de l'élément de corps principal courbé concave (48) qui coïncide avec l'arc de cercle intérieur (52) de la structure de la paroi courbée concave;
    • la surface frontale de la colonne de gauche de l'élément de corps principal courbé concave (50) et la surface frontale de la colonne de droite de l'élément de corps principal courbé concave (51) qui coïncide avec l'arc de cercle extérieur (53);
    • la surface frontale de l'élément de corps principal courbé concave (49) qui coïncide avec l'arc de cercle intermédiaire (55);
    • les cercles constituant l'arc de cercle extérieur (52), l'arc de cercle extérieur (53) et l'arc de cercle intermédiaire (55) qui ont un centre commun.
  16. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 1, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément de corps principal courbé convexe (56) étant obtenu en tournant ou en courbant le dit élément de corps principal (1) sur un niveau qui coïncide avec la surface frontale du bloc rectangulaire principal (9), et par conséquent, la surface arrière de l'élément de corps principal (1) adopte une forme convexe autour de l'axe vertical qui est perpendiculaire au niveau du sol.
  17. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 1, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément de corps principal courbé convexe vertical (60) étant obtenu en tournant ou en courbant le dit élément de corps principal (1) sur un niveau qui coïncide avec la surface frontale du bloc rectangulaire principal (9), et par conséquent, la surface frontale de la colonne de l'élément de corps principal (1) adopte une forme courbée convexe autour de l'axe horizontal qui est perpendiculaire au niveau du sol.
  18. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 1, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément de corps principal courbé concave vertical (61) étant obtenu en tournant ou en courbant le dit élément de corps principal (1) sur un niveau qui coïncide avec la surface frontale du bloc rectangulaire principal (9), et par conséquent, la surface frontale de la colonne de l'élément de corps principal (1) adopte une forme courbée concave autour de l'axe horizontal qui est perpendiculaire au niveau du sol.
  19. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 14, 16, 17, 18, où les dits éléments modulaires de construction (47, 56, 60, 61) sont utilisés respectivement dans la dite paroi de façon à obtenir des structures de parois courbées ou circulaires.
  20. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 1 et 2, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément supplémentaire, le dit élément est élément de corps principal double face (101) étant obtenu en situant un deuxième bloc rectangulaire à savoir un bloc principal rectangulaire (106) qui a les mêmes propriétés géométriques que le bloc rectangulaire principal (6) du dit élément de corps principal (1), sur les surfaces frontales de la colonne gauche (7) et de la colonne droite (8) de l'élément de corps central (1); par conséquent le bloc rectangulaire principal (106) forme une structure intégrée à l'élément de corps principal (1).
  21. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 20, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément de fondation double face (102) comportant :
    • une partie supérieure de l'élément de fondation double face (110) étant obtenue à partir du dit élément de corps principal double face (101) en prenant une section centrale du dit élément de corps principal à double face (101) à un niveau horizontal (Section D-D) ;
    • une partie inférieure de l'élément de fondation double face (111) comportant de préférence un corps compact de forme rectangulaire ; la dite partie supérieure (110) et la dite partie inférieure (111) du dit élément de fondation double face (102) étant intégrées entre elles.
  22. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 21, où la dite partie inférieure de l'élément de fondation double face (111) comportant des barres d'armatures de l'élément de fondation double face (112) utilisées pour renforcer les dits éléments de fondation double face (102) à la base du sol (13) de façon à assurer la stabilité de la dite paroi.
  23. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 22, où les dites barres d'armature de l'élément de fondation double face (112) sont conçues en forme de saillies qui sont de préférence situées devant et derrière les surfaces de la dite partie inférieure de l'élément de fondation double face (111); les dites barres d'armature de l'élément de fondation double face (112) sont fabriquées avec un matériel industriel tel que barres de fer ou fils soudés.
  24. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 20 et 21, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément d'extrémité supérieur double face (103) ayant les mêmes propriétés géométriques et dimensions proportionnelles que le dit élément de fondation double face (102).
  25. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 24, où les dites barres d'armature (112) peuvent être appliquées à l'élément d'extrémité supérieur double face (103) de façon à relier ou renforcer la partie supérieure de la dite paroi de retenue à la construction ou à toute autre structure de la même façon que cela est appliquée à l'élément de fondation double face (102).
  26. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 20, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément d'extrémité de bord double face (104) étant obtenu partir du dit élément de corps principal double face (101) en prenant la section centrale du dit bloc principal rectangulaire frontal (106) de l'élément de corps principal double face (101) à un niveau vertical (Section E-E).
  27. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 20 et 24, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément d'extrémité de coin double face (105) étant obtenu à partir de l'élément d'extrémité supérieur double face (103), en prenant une section centrale du dit élément d'extrémité supérieur double face (103) à un niveau vertical (Section F-F); et cette division verticale du dit élément d'extrémité supérieur double face (103) produit individuellement des parties droites et gauches.
  28. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 20 et 26, où il comporte en outre au moins un premier élément de retournement de coin double face (140a) étant obtenu à partir de la géométrie du dit élément d'extrémité de bord double face (104) en remplissant la cavité intérieure (124) du dit élément d'extrémité de bord double face (104); et où le corps compact est obtenu lorsque cette cavité intérieur (124) est pleine et par-dessus ce corps compact, la partie inférieure de colonne de l'élément d'extrémité de bord double face (125)et la partie supérieure de colonne de l'élément d'extrémité de bord double face (126) coulissent vers le centre de ce corps compact.
  29. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 20, 26 et 28, où il comporte en outre au moins un deuxième élément de retournement de coin double face (140b) étant obtenu en faisant jouer le côté de la surface du résultat obtenu en plaçant un trou à l'endroit des têtes de colonne du dit premier élément de retournement de coin double face (140a) qui a la même section transversale que la colonne, tout le long du corps du dit premier élément de retournement de coin double face (140a); avec les surfaces du dit élément d'extrémité de bord double face (127) qui appartient au dit élément d'extrémité de bord double face (104), intégrant ou faisant jouer ces deux résultats entre eux sur un même niveau.
  30. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 20 et 28, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément de fondation de coin double face (202) comportant :
    - une partie supérieure de l'élément de fondation double face (210) étant obtenu à partir du dit premier élément de retournement de coin double face (140a) en prenant une section centrale du dit premier élément de retournement de coin double face (140a) à un niveau horizontal (Section G-G) ;
    - une partie inférieure de l'élément de fondation de coin double face (211) comportant de préférence un corps compact de forme rectangulaire ou carrée ; la dite partie supérieure (210) et la dite partie inférieure (211) du dit élément de fondation de coin double face (202) étant intégrées entre elles.
  31. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 30, où la dite partie inférieure de l'élément de fondation de coin double face (211) comporte des barres d'armature de l'élément de fondation de coin double face (212) utilisées pour renforcer le dit élément de fondation de coin double face (202) à la base du sol (13) de façon à ce que la stabilité du sol soit assurée.
  32. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 31, où les dites barres d'armature de l'élément de fondation de coin double face (212) sont conçues sous forme de saillies qui sont de préférence positionnées au niveau du devant et de l'arrière des surfaces de la dite partie inférieure de l'élément de fondation de coin double face (211); les dites barres d'armature de l'élément de fondation de coin double face (212) sont fabriquées avec un matériel industriel tel que barres de fer ou fils soudés.
  33. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 20 et 29, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément d'extrémité de coin supérieur double face (243) étant pareil que le résultat obtenu en enlevant une des têtes de colonne du deuxième élément de retournement de coin double face (141) qui appartient au deuxième élément de retournement de coin double face (140b) et la cavité corporelle de l'élément de retournement de coin double face (142) étant recouvert sur le côté où la colonne est déplacée de manière que la profondeur des cavités corporelles du deuxième élément de retournement de coin double face (142) soit égale à la hauteur des têtes de colonne des éléments de construction modulaires double face.
  34. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 20, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément de corps principal courbé double face (147) étant obtenu en coulissant ou en courbant l'élément de corps principal double face (101) sur un plan qui coïncide ou qui est parallèle au bloc principal rectangulaire frontal (106), et où par conséquent l'élément de corps principal double face (101) adopte une forme concave autour de l'axe vertical qui est perpendiculaire au niveau du sol.
  35. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 20-34, où il comporte en outre au moins des éléments de construction modulaires courbés double face qui sont compatibles avec l'élément de corps principal courbé double face (147) étant obtenu en coulissant ou en courbant les éléments de construction modulaires double face à savoir l'élément de fondation double face, élément d'extrémité supérieur double face (103), l'élément d'extrémité de bord double face (104), l'élément d'extrémité de coin double face (105), le premier élément de retournement de coin double face (140a), le deuxième élément de retournement de coin double face (140b), l'élément de fondation de coin double face (202) et l'élément d'extrémité de coin supérieur double face (243) sur un niveau qui coïncide ou qui est parallèle à la surface frontale de ces éléments et en obtenant des éléments de construction modulaires de forme courbée double face autour de l'axe vertical qui est perpendiculaire au niveau du sol.
  36. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 34 - 35, où les éléments de construction modulaires courbés double face qui sont compatibles avec l'élément de corps principal double face courbé (147) sont utilisés sur la dite paroi de façon à obtenir des structures de paroi circulaires ou courbées.
  37. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 20 et 29, où il comporte en outre au moins un troisième élément de retournement de coin double face (310) étant obtenu par remplissage de la cavité extrême (142) du dit deuxième élément de retournement de coin double face (140b); et où au dessus de cette zone remplie, des têtes de colonne (311) sont situés toutes deux sur le côté supérieur et inférieur qui ont la même section transversale que les têtes de colonne du deuxième élément de retournement de coin double face (141).
  38. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 20 and 37, où il comporte en outre au moins un deuxième élément de fondation de coin double face (320) comportant :
    - la partie supérieure du deuxième élément de fondation de coin double face (322) étant obtenue à partir du dit troisième élément de retournement de coin double face (310) en prenant une section centrale du dit troisième élément de retournement de coin double face (310) à un niveau horizontal (Section H-H) ;
    - partie inférieure du deuxième élément de fondation de coin double face (321) comprenant préférablement un corps compact de forme rectangulaire ; et la dite partie supérieure (322) de la dite partie inférieure (321) du dit deuxième élément de fondation de coin double face (320) étant intégrées entre elles.
  39. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 38, où la dite partie inférieure du dit deuxième élément de fondation de coin double face (321) comporte des barres d'armature du deuxième élément de fondation de coin double face (325) utilisées pour renforcer le dit deuxième élément de fondation de coin double face (320) à la base du sol (13) de façon à renforcer la stabilité de la dite paroi de retenue.
  40. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 39, où les dites barres d'armature du deuxième élément de fondation de coin double face (325) sont conçues en forme de saillies qui sont préférablement positionnées devant et derrière les surfaces de la dite partie inférieure du deuxième élément de fondation de coin double face (321); où les dites barres d'armature du deuxième élément de fondation de coin double face (325) sont fabriquées avec un matériel industriel tel que barres de fer ou fils soudés.
  41. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 20 et 38, où il comporte en outre au moins un deuxième élément de fondation de coin double face sans barres d'armature (330) ayant les mêmes propriétés géométriques et dimensions proportionnelles que la partie supérieure du deuxième élément de fondation de coin double face (322).
  42. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 20 et 24, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément de fond d'ouverture de fenêtre double face (340) ayant les mêmes propriétés géométriques et dimensions proportionnelles que l'élément d'extrémité supérieur double face (103).
  43. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 42, où le dit élément de fond d'ouverture de fenêtre double face (340) a préférablement une ouverture interne de telle manière que la cavité interne de l'élément d'extrémité supérieur double face (341) soit étirée le long du corps de l'élément.
  44. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 20, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément d'inclinaison double face (350) étant obtenu en prenant une section transversale préférablement le long du fond du coin droit du bloc rectangulaire principal (106) de l'élément de corps principal (101) au centre du côté supérieur du bloc rectangulaire principal (106) sur un niveau oblique horizontal qui est perpendiculaire au bloc principal rectangulaire frontal (106) (section 1).
  45. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 1-44, qui sont utilisés comme parois de retenue ou structures.
  46. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 10, où les surfaces de contact ou frontales du dit élément de construction de colonne (32) peuvent être préfabriqués incluant des projections et enclaves conçues de différentes formes géométriques au lieu d'utiliser un élément de broche (33) et son correspondant trou de broche (34).
  47. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 1-44, où projections et enclaves de différentes formes géométriques ou toute sorte de mécanismes de broches conçus et appliqués sur les surfaces de contact ou frontales des éléments de construction modulaires ; fournissant une fixation précise ou empilage des éléments de construction modulaires sur chacun d'eux lorsqu'ils sont superposés sur chacun d'eux pour construire des parois de retenue ou des structures.
  48. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 1-44, où les dits éléments de construction modulaires sont fabriqués avec différentes sortes de matériels aussi bien en béton qu'en béton armé.
  49. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 1-44, où les dits éléments de construction modulaires sont fabriqués avec des bords biseautés au lieu de bords coupants de façon à faciliter le processus d'empilage des éléments de construction modulaires entre eux durant la construction.
  50. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 1-44, où les dits éléments de construction modulaires sont alternativement préfabriqués sous la forme d'un corps creux ou incluant le trou des structures dépendant de l'endroit ou des conditions du sol et du matériel avec lesquels les dits éléments sont fabriqués.
  51. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 20, où il comporte en outre au moins un élément alternatif de corps principal double face (301) étant obtenu en plaçant un bloc en forme de diamant au lieu du bloc principal rectangulaire frontal (106) qui appartient à l'élément de corps principal double face (101).
  52. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 1, ou les surfaces supérieures et inférieures du dit bloc principal rectangulaire (106) comportant des projections et des enclaves en forme linéaire ou courbée ; où ces projections et enclaves correspondent exactement quand elles sont superposées les unes sur les autres de la même façon qu'elles peuvent former des ouvertures en vue d'un drainage de nappe d'eau souterraine.
  53. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon la revendication 20, ou les surfaces supérieures et inférieures du dit bloc principal rectangulaire (106) comportent des projections et des enclaves en forme linéaire ou courbée; où ces projections et enclaves correspondent exactement quand elles sont superposées les unes sur les autres de la même façon qu'elles peuvent former des ouvertures en vue d'un drainage de nappe d'eau souterraine.
  54. Ensemble d'éléments de construction modulaires, selon les revendications 1-44, où lesdits éléments de construction modulaires ne sont pas utilisés seulement dans la construction de paroi de retenue ou autres structures, mais ils peuvent être aussi produits en forme miniature et être utilisés comme jeu de construction ou modèle pour éléments de construction.
EP05759986A 2004-05-10 2005-05-09 Elements de construction modulaires destines a la construction de mur de retenue Not-in-force EP1745181B1 (fr)

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TR2004/01044A TR200401044A2 (tr) 2004-05-10 2004-05-10 Modüler yapı elemanlarıyla istinat duvarı inşaa yöntemi.
TR2004/01694A TR200401694A2 (tr) 2004-07-12 2004-07-12 Çift taraflı modüler yapı elemanlarıyla istinat duvarı inşaa yöntemi
TR2005/01589A TR200501589A2 (tr) 2005-04-29 2005-04-29 Çift taraflı modüler yapı elemanlarıyla istinat duvarı inşaa yöntemi.
PCT/TR2005/000022 WO2005108682A1 (fr) 2004-05-10 2005-05-09 Elements de construction modulaires destines a la construction de paroi de retenue et procede de construction associe

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DE602005005469T2 (de) 2009-03-12
US20080229698A1 (en) 2008-09-25
JP2007537377A (ja) 2007-12-20
EA008919B1 (ru) 2007-08-31
CA2566012A1 (fr) 2005-11-17
BRPI0510934A (pt) 2007-11-20
MXPA06013123A (es) 2007-05-16
WO2005108682B1 (fr) 2007-07-05
EA200602085A1 (ru) 2007-06-29
DE602005005469D1 (de) 2008-04-30
ATE389755T1 (de) 2008-04-15
WO2005108682A1 (fr) 2005-11-17
EP1745181A1 (fr) 2007-01-24

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