EP1745181B1 - Modulare bauelemente zur konstruktion einer stützwand - Google Patents

Modulare bauelemente zur konstruktion einer stützwand Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1745181B1
EP1745181B1 EP05759986A EP05759986A EP1745181B1 EP 1745181 B1 EP1745181 B1 EP 1745181B1 EP 05759986 A EP05759986 A EP 05759986A EP 05759986 A EP05759986 A EP 05759986A EP 1745181 B1 EP1745181 B1 EP 1745181B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
double
sided
modular building
main body
building elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05759986A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1745181A1 (de
Inventor
Ercument Fevzi Ulgumer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from TR2004/01044A external-priority patent/TR200401044A2/xx
Priority claimed from TR2004/01694A external-priority patent/TR200401694A2/xx
Priority claimed from TR2005/01589A external-priority patent/TR200501589A2/xx
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1745181A1 publication Critical patent/EP1745181A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1745181B1 publication Critical patent/EP1745181B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0266—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/22—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
    • E04B2002/0217—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions of prismatic shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0245—Pegs or pins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0265—Building elements for making arcuate walls

Definitions

  • This present invention relates to the modular building elements fixed to each other without using mortar or reinforcement elements in order to construct a retaining wall which is capable of providing the desired resistance force against the external forces applied by the back-fill materials.
  • This invention can be evaluated within the technical fields of construction and structural landscaping. Additionally, modular building elements of this present invention can be made in miniature form and due to their geometric properties can also be used as a construction toy and in the field of model construction.
  • Retaining walls which are constructed by using natural stones generally has a thicker base relative to the upper part in order to increase the strength of the wall. Stones are processed generally manually until they reached to the appropriate shape to fit to each other and placed each one on the top of the other with the use of mortar in between.
  • One of the main disadvantages of those kind of walls is the difficulty of using mortar since it requires special skills and also improper use of mortar or the stones may result with a weakened wall. It is obvious that constructing a retaining wall with the use of natural stones is labor intensive and time consuming.
  • Concrete retaining walls require molding on-site. After preparing the mold, reinforcement elements are placed into the mold. Generally iron rods are used as a reinforcement element so that the desired strength level of concrete can be obtained. Iron rods are placed inside the mold and by casting the concrete into the mold construction is completed. Constructing a concrete retaining wall again labor intensive, expensive and time consuming. Casting concrete on-site also requires specially skilled persons to be employed. In addition to these disadvantages, transferring the equipments or devices as well as the materials required to the construction area is not always possible or too expensive.
  • Another way of constructing a retaining wall is to use the prefabricated modular concrete blocks which are generally have a projection and a recess located at oppositely facing surfaces so that the modular blocks can be fixed to each other without using mortar.
  • each block needs to be fixed into the ground behind the wall with ground anchors.
  • Ground anchors are fixed into the ground 5-6 meters apart from the wall.
  • Using modular concrete blocks seems to be the most economical and quick way of constructing a retaining wall.
  • reinforcement elements such as anchors
  • specially skilled persons should be employed and special technics have to be used.
  • Another point is that the concrete modular blocks generally have large surface area causing the weight of the blocks to be increased. Because of this reason, heavy duty devices or equipments are used during construction for carriage or placement purposes.
  • FR2619138 there are many studies and previously patented art which has similar conceptual perspective with the present invention such us FR2619138 , FR2703716 and WO0070154 .
  • FR2619138 inventor discloses an H-shaped concrete block which is suitable for constructing a mortarless retaining wall.
  • the concrete block disclosed by inventor comprises ribs and grooves located at oppositely facing surfaces and superimposed upon each other to form a retaining wall.
  • the depth of the grooves and so the compensating ribs may not always assure the strength of the wall under high forces applied by the back-fill material. Because of this reason a second courses of the blocks needs to be piled up consecutively so that more resistive force can be obtained from the wall.
  • this way of constructing a retaining wall might be time consuming and expensive.
  • FIG. 1 Another example of wall structure comprising mortarless prefabricated concrete construction elements is disclosed in FR2703716 .
  • the inventor discloses a T-shaped concrete elements which include a part forming the head with a visible front face and a part forming a footing with a smooth rear face.
  • the elements are interconnected to each other at the footing region of the elements so that the front faces are visible from both sides of the wall structure.
  • a single row of the wall is constructed by placing the elements side-by-side and each row is stacked on top of each other to form the wall structure.
  • the concrete elements within the single set of rows are interlocked to each other, there is no interconnection mechanism in between the successive rows. This may cause the overall strength of the wall to be weakened.
  • WO0070154 Another type of modular blocks that can be used to construct mortarless retaining walls are described in WO0070154 .
  • the inventor discloses triangular, rectangular or circular projections at the upper surface of the rectangular shaped block while at the bottom surface there are compensating recesses again designed at triangular, rectangular or circular forms.
  • the modular blocks are placed side-by-side and superimposed upon each other to form a retaining wall.
  • the wall structure disclosed in WO0070154 is the gravity wall type and the strength of the wall depends on the capability of producing the required resistive forces of the projections and the recesses.
  • the thickness of the projections and the recesses may not always assure the strength of the wall. Also complexity of the shapes designed for the projections and the recesses may increase the manufacturing cost of the modular blocks.
  • Each female block has a recess formed in the middle portion of the upper surface and in the lower surface so that a pair of flanges are formed on each side of each of the recesses.
  • Each male block has a protrusion formed on each corner area. Two adjacent protrusions of two male blocks can be received in the recess of the female block so that the male blocks and the female blocks can be stably coupled together.
  • buildings obtained by said blocks require a wide horizontal area in order to resist lateral loads, since the interlocking of the protrusions and recesses of the blocks can not obtained in slim type vertical walls. Also, it is not possible to construct house-like buildings, curved walls. In the areas having limited spaces, the retaining wall constructions with the said blocks are very difficult.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional methods mentioned above and to achieve considerable improvements both in economics of construction and the construction period. It should be kept in mind that while obtaining these improvements, the main purpose is to create more stable and resistant structures.
  • the improvements and advantages that can be obtained with the use of the present invention can be summarized as follows:
  • I - I Section a section of frontal main rectangular block (106) of double-sided main body element (101) crossing through bottom right corner to the central point of upper side of main rectangular block (106).
  • Modular building elements of the present invention consists of the following elements :
  • main body element (1) which is the essential component which forms the main structure of a retaining wall or the like. All other supplementary modular building elements are derived from the geometry of main body element (1).
  • main body element (1) comprises one main rectangular block (6) and two rectangular shaped columns, namely left column (7) and right column (8) which are placed over the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9) and they are located separately at both vertical sides of main rectangular block (6). Both left column (7) and right column (8) are perpendicular to the horizontal side of frontal surface of main rectangular block (9) and mate with the vertical sides of frontal surface of main rectangular block (9).
  • Total width of left column (7) and right column (8) is approximately equal to the width of the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9) and the height of the left column (7) or the right column (8) is longer than the height of the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9) and at most it can be two times longer than the height of the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9).
  • main body elements (1) When main body elements (1) are stacked on top of each other to form the retaining wall, they provide an exact match to each other in such a manner that there will not be any gap in between the main body elements (1). So when the longitudinal and lateral forces applied by the back-fill material to the wall, main body elements (1) are compressed so that the required resistive forces are produced.
  • main body element (1) For the preferred applications of main body element (1), detailed geometric properties and proportional measurements are described below. With the given geometry of main body element (1), it is intended to produce more stable structures.
  • the depth of the main rectangular block (6), left column (7) and right column (8) in other words, the width of main rectangular block left-hand side (18), main rectangular block right-hand side (20), left column left-hand side (17), right column right-hand side (19) can be increased or decreased voluntarily depending on the site or soil conditions or the material from which main body elements (1) are made.
  • footing element (2) which is used at the base or foundation of a retaining wall constructed by modular building elements of the present invention.
  • footing element (2) comprises an upper part (10) and a bottom part (11).
  • Upper part of footing element (10) is integrated to the bottom part of footing element (11).
  • the geometry of upper part (10) is derived from main body element (1) by taking a central section of main body element (1) at horizontal plane as shown in Fig. 2b A-A Section.
  • Bottom part of footing element (11) comprises preferably a rectangular shaped compact body and includes footing element reinforcing bars (12) in the form of protrusions which are preferably positioned at front and rear surfaces of bottom part of footing element (11).
  • Footing element reinforcing bars are used to secure the footing elements (2) into the base ground (13) so that the stability of the wall against the lateral or longitudinal forces applied by the back-fill material is assured.
  • Footing element reinforcing bars (12) can be designed at different shapes and can be produced by different materials such as iron rods or welded-wire.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a perspective view of upper-side finishing element (3) which is used at the uppermost row of the retaining wall.
  • upper-side finishing element (3) has same geometric properties and proportional measurements with the footing element (2).
  • reinforcing bars it is also possible to add reinforcing bars to upper-side finishing element (3) in a same way as applied to the footing element (2) so that it is possible to connect or secure the upper part of the retaining wall or any other structure comprising modular building elements of the present invention to a building or any other structure.
  • Fig. 5-6 describes upper-side finishing element (3) in such a manner that reinforcing bar structure is not applied.
  • the main purpose of upper-side finishing element (3) is to obtain a smooth or flat finishing at the top of the wall or the like.
  • edge finishing element (4) which is used at the vertical edges of the wall where there forms cavities in between two successive rows of the wall. It can be observed in Fig. 18 that a retaining wall comprising footing elements (2) and main body element (1) includes cavities at both vertical edges where the wall structure ends. Preferably edge finishing elements (4) can be used to fill these cavities.
  • the geometry of edge finishing element (4) is derived from main body element (1) by taking a central section of main rectangular block (6) of main body element (1) at vertical plane as shown in Fig. 2b B-B Section.
  • FIG. 9 there is shown a perspective view of corner finishing element (5) which is used at the upper-left or upper-right corners of the wall.
  • the geometry of corner finishing element (5) is derived from upper-side finishing element (3) by taking a central section of upper-side finishing element (3) at vertical plane as shown in Fig. 6b C-C Section.
  • This vertical division of upper-side finishing element (3) produces left and right parts individually so they are used at upper-left corner and upper-right corner respectively.
  • Fig. 9 refer to the division taken from left hand-side.
  • a base ground (13) preferably in the form of a trench is excavated at a level slightly lower then the frontal ground level (16) in such a manner that soil mass (14) or back-fill materials stay at the back of the trench.
  • Fig. 11 represents a perspective view of a sample base ground (13) of a retaining wall over which modular building elements are laid upon to form the wall.
  • FIG. 12 there is shown a perspective view of footing elements (2) which are located side-by-side into the base ground (13) so that the commencing row of the retaining wall is formed.
  • footing elements (2) are located into the base ground (13) in such a manner that footing element reinforcing bars (12) or bottom part of footing element (11) is completely buried down the frontal ground level (16).
  • the rear surfaces of the footing elements (2) (shown in Fig. 4d ) should be at the side of soil mass (14) or the back-fill materials by which the load is applied to the wall. In other words, columns of the footing element (2) should be at the outer or empty side of the wall.
  • FIG. 13 there is shown a perspective view of base ground (13) after which footing elements (2) are located into the base ground (13).
  • filling material of base ground (15) such as compacted granular mortar or concrete is poured into the base ground (13) so that footing elements (2) are secured to the base ground (13) to form the commencing row of the wall.
  • the completed form of the base is such that the level of filling material of base ground (15) is preferably same with the frontal ground level (16).
  • FIG. 14 there is shown a perspective view of a partial retaining wall constructed by using main body elements (1) and edge finishing elements (4) which are placed over the footing elements (2).
  • First row of the wall comprising main body elements (1) is laid upon the footing elements (2) and similarly subsequent rows of main body elements (2) are laid thereupon.
  • the rear surface of main body elements (1) (shown in Fig. 2d ) should be at the side where the load is applied from by soil mass (14) or the back-fill materials.
  • FIG. 2d the rear surface of main body elements (1) (shown in Fig. 2d ) should be at the side where the load is applied from by soil mass (14) or the back-fill materials.
  • edge finishing elements (4) are also used to fill the cavities formed at two opposite edges of the wall and again while placing the edge-finishing elements (4) into the wall, the rear surface of edge-finishing elements (4) (shown in Fig. 8e ) should be at the side where the load is applied from.
  • Fig. 15 represents the placement position of the edge finishing element (4) into the corresponding row of the wall.
  • FIG. 16 there is shown a perspective view of the partial retaining wall showing the placement position of the upper-side finishing elements (3) and the corner finishing elements (5) into the wall.
  • Upper-side finishing elements (3) is used at the uppermost row of the retaining wall in order to obtain a flat finishing.
  • corner finishing elements (5) are used at the left and right corners of the uppermost row of the wall again to obtain a flat finishing.
  • the rear surfaces of the upper-side finishing elements (3) and the corner finishing elements (5) (shown in Fig. 6d and Fig. 10e respectively) should be at the side of back-fill materials where the load is applied from.
  • Fig. 17 illustrates a perspective view of a completed retaining wall which is constructed by aforementioned modular building elements of the present invention.
  • Fig. 18 there is shown a perspective view of a retaining wall from which edge finishing elements (4), corner finishing elements (5) and the upper-side finishing elements (3) are removed.
  • a retaining wall comprising main body elements (1) and footing elements (2) only.
  • the retaining wall may represent a different aesthetic view without loosing of its stability and durability attributes. So those kind of different configurations of aforementioned modular building elements can be applied depending on the kind or amount of load that is going to be resisted.
  • FIG. 19 A rear perspective view of a partial retaining wall comprising main body elements (1) is shown in Fig. 19 whereas the front view illustrated in Fig. 20 .
  • main geometric properties of modular building elements of the present invention ensure the stability of the constructed structures in such a way that: upper and bottom part of each column which belongs to an individual element pass through the frontal cavities of the modular building elements which are placed over or beneath the referenced element; the bottom surface of left and right columns (28, 29) and again the bottom surface of main rectangular block (31) contact with the upper surfaces of corresponding columns and the main rectangular blocks that exist just beneath the referenced element.
  • Frontal cavities of the modular building elements of the present invention that is to say, frontal cavity of main body element (21), frontal cavity of footing element (22), frontal cavity of upper-side finishing element (23), frontal cavity of edge finishing element (24) and frontal cavity of corner finishing element (25) are shown in Figures 2a-4a-6b-8a-10b respectively.
  • FIG.21 there is shown a perspective view of column building element (32) which is used to construct a mortarless column structure (39).
  • a perspective view of column structure is shown in Fig. 23 .
  • a column building element (32) has the same geometric properties and the proportional measurements with the main body element (1). The main difference is that the column building element (32) has preferably at least one pin component (33) and the corresponding pin hole (34).
  • a column building element (32) is placed over the ground or a base in such a manner that column frontal surface of column building element (35) is parallel to the ground plane.
  • a column building element (32) is located on top of the other by turning it 90 degrees clock-wise or counter clock-wise so that column building elements (32) forms the column structure (39) without leaving any space or gaps in between the column building elements (32).
  • main rectangular block frontal surface of column building element (37) contacts with the main rectangular block rear surface of column building element (38) which lays therebelow.
  • column frontal surface of column building element (35) contacts with the column rear surface of column building element (36) which lays therebelow.
  • column building element (32) includes preferably at least one pin component (33) and the corresponding pin hole (34).
  • the pin component which belongs to a column building element (32) is embedded into the corresponding pin hole of the subsequent column building element (32).
  • the important point here is that the pin component and the corresponding pin hole should be placed in the column building elements (32) in such a manner that they represents an exact match to each other when they are overlapped. So considering this point, different alternative usage of the pin component can be developed.
  • pin components can be manufactured separately and assembled to the column building elements (32) during construction. It is also possible to apply different ideas to resist to lateral forces applied to the column structure (39) such that the contacting surfaces of the column building elements (32) can be prefabricated including projections and recesses designed at various shapes instead of using a pin component.
  • main body elements (1) can also be used instead of column building element (32) where there is no lateral force applied to the column structure (39).
  • a corner building element (40) to supply a 90 degrees turning to a retaining wall constructed with the aforementioned modular building elements of the present invention.
  • a corner building element (40) comprises a frontal surface block (41), a left column (42), and a right column (43).
  • Corner building elements (40) interconnects the modular building elements at the corner region of the wall so that any possible separation of the sides of the wall because of any longitudinal forces can be avoided. It should also be noted that by using the corner building elements (40) a smooth finishing can be obtained at the corner region, that is to say, there will not be any gaps or spaces in between the modular building elements.
  • the geometry of the corner building element (40) is derived from two edge finishing elements (4) (shown in Fig. 8 ) in such a manner that; first edge finishing element (4) is turned 180 degrees at the horizontal plane relative to the second edge finishing element (4); rear surface of the first edge finishing element (45) mates with the right-hand side surface of the second edge finishing element (44) as well as rear surface of the second edge finishing element (45) is at the same plane with the left-hand side of first edge finishing element (46).
  • column upper surfaces of both edge finishing elements (58) and respectively column bottom surfaces of both edge finishing elements (59) should be at the same plane.
  • FIG. 26 there is shown a perspective view of a partial retaining wall showing the placement position of a corner building element (40) into a wall structure.
  • first footing elements (2) are located inside the base ground (13) including a 90 degrees turning point, afterwards main body elements (1) are stacked over the footing elements (2) along with the corner building elements (40) appropriately placed at the turning point of the wall.
  • upper-side finishing elements (3) and corner finishing elements (5) can preferably be used at the uppermost row of a retaining wall which includes a 90 degrees turning in order to obtain a flat finishing.
  • a perspective view of a concave curved main body element (47) which is used to form a curved or circular shape retaining wall As shown in Fig. 29 , the geometric properties of a concave curved main body element (47) is characterized in that: by twisting or bending a main body element (1) over a plane which coincides with the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9), so as a result, rear surface of main body element (1) takes a concave shape which is suitable to form a curved or circular structures around a vertical axis which is perpendicular to the ground plane.
  • Fig. 30 there is shown top view of appropriate placement position of a concave curved main body element (47) to form a circular structure.
  • FIG. 30 it can be observed that, rear surface of concave curved main body element (48) coincides with inner circle arc (52) as well as left column frontal surface of concave curved main body element (50) and right column frontal surface of concave curved main body element (51) coincides with outer circle arc (53) of the wall structure. Similarly, frontal surface of concave curved main body element (49) coincides with intermediate circle arc (55). Circles constituting inner circle arc (52), outer circle arc (53) and intermediate circle arc (55) have common center. Additionally, inner circle radius (54) shown in Fig. 30 is same with the radius of a curved retaining wall structure shown in Fig. 31 .
  • FIG. 28-29 the rear surface of concave curved main body element (48) is shown in the form of a concave curved shape and the rear surface of a concave curved main body element (48) forms inner circle or interior surface of a circular retaining wall comprising concave curved main body elements (47) as shown in Fig. 31 .
  • rear surface of concave curved main body element (48) can also be designed and manufactured at the convex curved form.
  • FIG. 32 there is shown top view of a convex curved main body element (56) placement position into a circular wall structure. As it is illustrated in Fig.
  • the geometric properties of a convex curved main body element (56) is characterized in that: by twisting or bending a main body element (1) over a plane which coincides with the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9) rear surface of main body element (1) takes a convex curved shape which is suitable to form a curved or circular structures around a vertical axis which is perpendicular to the ground plane.
  • the rear surface of a convex curved main body element (57) forms outer circle arc (53) of a circular retaining wall comprising convex curved main body elements (56).
  • FIG. 33 there is shown side view of a vertically convex curved main body element (60) placement position into a curved wall according to the invention.
  • Vertically convex curved main body element (60) is another form of modular building elements of the present invention which can be used to construct a curved or circular shape retaining wall or the like.
  • the geometric properties of a vertically convex curved main body element (60) is characterized in that: by twisting or bending a main body element (1) over a plane which coincides with the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9), column frontal surfaces of main body element (1) takes a convex curved shape which is suitable to form a curved or circular structures around a horizontal axis which is parallel to the ground plane.
  • Fig. 34 there is shown side view of a vertically concave curved main body element (61) placement position into a curved wall according to the invention.
  • vertically concave curved main body element (61) is another form of modular building elements of the present invention which can be used to construct a curved or circular shape retaining wall or the like.
  • the geometric properties of a vertically concave curved main body element (61) is characterized in that: by twisting or bending a main body element (1) over a plane which coincides with the frontal surface of main rectangular block (9), column frontal surfaces of main body element (1) takes a concave curved shape which is suitable to form a curved or circular structures around a horizontal axis which is parallel to the ground plane.
  • footing elements (2) can be located into the base ground (13) in such a manner that footing elements (2) can form an angle relative to the ground plane so that inclined wall structures can be obtained and over this inclined foundation structure, modular building elements such as main body elements (1), upper-side finishing elements (3), edge finishing elements (4) corner finishing elements (5) and corner building elements (40) can be superimposed upon each other to complete the inclination wall structure.
  • concave curved main body element (47) is used to construct curved or circular shape retaining walls.
  • concave curved footing elements, concave curved upper-side finishing elements, concave curved edge finishing elements, concave curved corner finishing elements which are compatible with the concave curved main body element (47).
  • convex curved footing elements, convex curved upper-side finishing elements, convex curved edge finishing elements, convex curved corner finishing elements which are compatible with the convex curved main body element (56) which is another form of modular building elements used to construct curved or circular structures.
  • modular building elements of the present invention is vertically convex curved main body element (60) which is again suitable for constructing curved or circular shape retaining walls.
  • vertically convex curved footing elements vertically convex curved upper-side finishing elements
  • vertically convex curved edge finishing elements vertically convex curved corner finishing elements which are compatible with the vertically convex curved main body element (60).
  • vertically concave curved footing elements vertically concave curved upper-side finishing elements, vertically concave curved edge finishing elements, vertically concave curved corner finishing elements which are compatible with vertically concave curved main body element (61) which is another form of modular building elements used to construct curved or circular structures.
  • projections and recesses at various geometric shapes or any kind of pin mechanisms can be designed and applied over the contacting surfaces of the modular building elements of the present invention. So when they are superimposed upon each other, these projections and recesses along with the pin mechanisms provide an exact fixing or interlocking of the modular building elements to each other so that the structures comprising modular building elements can even be resistive against the forces applied from the exterior or empty side.
  • Modular building elements of the present invention also include the following modular parts as an addition to aforementioned and described modular building elements.
  • Double-sided modular building element is the generic name given to these parts. These parts are designed:
  • double-sided modular building elements are designed to be able to construct wall structures which are resistive against the forces applied from both sides of the wall.
  • any structure such as a retaining wall or like comprising double-sided modular building elements has self-standing property.
  • a second rectangular block which is similar to main rectangular block (6) of main body element (1), namely frontal main rectangular block (106), is located at the frontal surfaces of left column (7) and right column (8) of main body element (1) and frontal main rectangular block (106) forms an integrated structure with the main body element (1).
  • Double-sided footing element (102) which is the part used at the foundation of a wall structure comprising double-sided main body elements (101).
  • Double-sided footing element (102) comprises upper part (110) and bottom part (111).
  • Upper part of double-sided footing element (110) is integrated to the bottom part of double-sided footing element (111).
  • the geometry of upper part of double-sided footing element (110) is derived from double-sided main body element (101) by taking a central section of double-sided main body element (101) at horizontal plane as shown in Fig. 36b D-D Section.
  • Bottom part of double-sided footing element (111) comprises preferably a rectangular shaped compact body and includes double-sided footing element reinforcing bars (112) in the form of protrusions which are preferably positioned at front and rear surfaces of bottom part of double-sided footing element (111).
  • Double-sided footing element reinforcing bars (112) are used to secure the double-sided footing elements (102) into the base ground so that the stability of the wall against the lateral or longitudinal forces applied by the back-fill material is assured.
  • Double-sided footing element reinforcing bars (112) can be designed at different shapes and can be produced by different materials such as iron rods or welded-wire.
  • a double-sided upper-side finishing element (103), as shown in Fig. 39-40 is used at the uppermost row of a retaining wall. Still referring to Fig. 39-40 , double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) has same geometric properties and proportional measurements with a double-sided footing element (102). For the preferable applications of double-sided upper-side finishing element (103), it is possible to add reinforcing bars to double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) in a same way as applied to the double-sided footing element (102) so that it is possible to connect or secure the upper part of a retaining wall or any other structure comprising double-sided modular building elements of the present invention to a building or any other structure. Fig.
  • double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) in such a manner that reinforcing bar structure is not applied.
  • the main purpose of double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) is to obtain a smooth or flat finishing at the top of the retaining wall or the like.
  • Double-sided edge finishing element (104) which is used to fill the cavities formed at the vertical edges of the wall in between two successive rows.
  • a retaining wall comprising double-sided footing elements (102) and double-sided main body element (101) includes cavities at both vertical edges where the wall structure ends.
  • double-sided edge finishing elements (104) can be used to fill these cavities.
  • the geometry of double-sided edge finishing element (104) is derived from double-sided main body element (101) by taking a central section of frontal main rectangular block (106) of double-sided main body element (101) at vertical plane as shown in Fig. 36b E-E Section.
  • Fig. 43 there is shown a perspective view of double-sided corner finishing element (105) which is used at the upper-left or upper-right corners of a wall structure comprising double-sided modular building elements of the present invention.
  • the geometry of double-sided corner finishing element (105) is derived from double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) by taking a central section of double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) at vertical plane as shown in Fig. 40b F-F Section.
  • This vertical division of double-sided upper-side finishing element (103) produces left and right parts of double-sided corner finishing element (105) which are symmetrical to each other and used at upper-left and upper-right corners respectively.
  • Fig. 45-54 there are shown phases of constructing a sample retaining wall structure by using double-sided modular building elements, namely double-sided main body elements (101), double-sided footing elements (102), double-sided upper-side finishing elements (103), double-sided edge finishing elements (104) and double-sided corner finishing elements (105).
  • double-sided main body elements 101
  • double-sided footing elements 102
  • double-sided upper-side finishing elements 103
  • double-sided edge finishing elements 10
  • 105 double-sided corner finishing elements
  • Two separate double-sided corner returning elements are designed in order to be able to add a 90 degrees turning point structure to a retaining wall comprising double-sided modular building elements. These elements are double-sided corner returning first element (140a) (shown in Fig. 55-56 ) and double-sided corner returning second element (140b) (shown in Fig. 57-58 ).
  • double-sided corner footing element (202) is used at the corner of the foundation structure comprising double-sided footing elements (102) which includes 90 degrees turning point. Double-sided corner footing element (202) is given in Fig. 59-60 .
  • a double-sided corner returning first element (140a), shown in Fig. 55-56 , is characterized in that: a compact body is obtained when double-sided edge finishing element interior cavity (124) is full and over this compact body, column bottom part of double-sided edge finishing element (125) and column upper part of double-sided edge finishing element (126) slided towards the centre of this compact body.
  • a double-sided corner returning second element (140b) as shown in Fig. 57-58 , is same with the geometry obtained by: mating the side surface of a substance obtained by putting a hole at the place of column heads of a double-sided corner returning first element (140a) having the same cross-section with a column, all the way along the body of double-sided corner returning first element (140a); with the double-sided edge finishing element side surfaces (127) (shown in Fig. 42 ) which belongs to a double-sided edge finishing element (104); integrating or mating these two substances to each other over the same plane, double-sided corner returning second element (140b) is obtained.
  • Double-sided corner footing element (202) which is the part used at the corner of a foundation structure of a wall comprising double-sided modular building elements so that a 90 degrees turning can be added to the wall structure.
  • Double-sided corner footing element (202) comprises upper part (210) and bottom part (211).
  • Upper part of double-sided corner footing element (210) is integrated to the bottom part of double-sided corner footing element (211).
  • the geometry of upper part of double-sided corner footing element (210) is derived from double-sided corner returning first element (140a) by taking a central section of double-sided corner returning first element (140a) at horizontal plane as shown in Fig. 56b G-G Section.
  • Bottom part of double-sided corner footing element (211) comprises preferably a rectangular or square shaped compact body and includes double-sided corner footing element reinforcing bars (212) in the form of protrusions which are preferably positioned at front and side surfaces of bottom part of double-sided corner footing element (211).
  • Double-sided corner footing element reinforcing bars (212) are used to secure the double-sided corner footing element (202) into the base ground so that the stability or strength of the wall is assured.
  • Double-sided corner footing element reinforcing bars (212) can be designed at different shapes and can be produced by different materials such as iron rods or welded-wire depending on the site or soil conditions.
  • first or commencing row of a wall structure including 90 degrees turning point comprises double-sided footing elements (102) which are located side-by-side all the way through both direction and double-sided corner footing element (202) which is placed at the corner.
  • construction of first side started with double-sided main body elements (101) placed side-by-side until ending edge of the wall is reached where double-sided edge finishing element (104) is used; and for the other side, construction started with a double-sided corner returning second element (140b) located at the corner and continued with double-sided main body elements (101).
  • Modular building elements used to form the second row is shown in Fig. 63-64 .
  • the third row of a 90 degrees turning wall comprises a double-sided corner returning first element (140a) located at the corner and double-sided main body elements (101) placed side-by-side towards the both direction of the wall.
  • Modular building elements used to form the third row is shown in Fig. 65-66 .
  • construction of first side started with double-sided corner returning second element (140b) located at the corner and continued with double-sided main body elements (101) until the ending edge is reached; and for the other side, construction started with a double-sided edge finishing element (104) and continued with double-sided main body elements (101).
  • the modular building elements used to form the fourth row is shown in Fig. 67-68 .
  • the fifth row of a 90 degrees turning wall comprises a double-sided corner returning first element (140a) located at the corner and double-sided main body elements (101) placed side-by-side towards the both direction of the wall in a same way as it is done in first or third rows.
  • height of a retaining wall structure including 90 degrees turning can be increased with the method described above.
  • Fig. 70 there is shown a perspective view of a double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) from top and bottom point of views.
  • Fig. 71 there is shown plan views of a double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) from top, front, side and rear point of views.
  • a double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) is placed at the uppermost corner of a 90 degrees turning wall and used to provide a flat or smoot finishing at that location.
  • a double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) is same with a substance obtained by removing one of the column head of double-sided corner returning second element (141) which belongs to double-sided corner returning second element (140b) (shown in Fig. 58 ) and double-sided corner returning second element corporal cavities (142) is covered up at the side where column head is removed in such a manner that the depth of double-sided corner returning second element corporal cavities (142) is at least equal to the height of column heads of double-sided modular building elements of the present invention.
  • FIG. 72 there is shown a perspective view of a sample retaining wall including a 90 degrees turning point illustrating the state of the uppermost row when flat finishing is not applied.
  • Fig. 73 there is shown is a perspective view of the same wall structure as double-sided upper-side finishing elements (103) and double-sided corner finishing elements (105) are located at the uppermost row and the placement position of a double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) is shown. Now referring to Fig.
  • a perspective view of a sample retaining wall including a 90 degrees turning point as double-sided upper-side finishing elements (103), double-sided corner finishing elements (105) and a double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) are located at the uppermost row so that a flat finishing is obtained.
  • a perspective view of a curved double-sided main body element (147) which is used to form a curved or circular shape retaining wall according to the invention.
  • the geometric properties of a curved double-sided main body element (147) is characterized in that: by twisting or bending a double-sided main body element (101) over a plane which coincides with or parallel to the frontal main rectangular block (106), so as a result, double-sided main body element (101) takes a curved shape around a vertical axis which is perpendicular to the ground plane.
  • Fig. 77 there is shown a perspective view of a partial circular retaining wall which is constructed by using curved double-sided main body elements (147) according to the invention.
  • curved double-sided modular building elements for each of the aforementioned double-sided modular building elements that are compatible with curved double-sided main body element (147). Consequently, by using these curved double-sided modular building elements, concave or convex curved structures can be constructed around a vertical axis which is perpendicular to the ground plane, as shown in Fig. 77 as well as around a horizontal axis which is parallel to the ground plane. Additionally, it is also possible to form circular or curved wall structures around an axis which forms any angle relative to the ground plane.
  • curved double-sided modular building elements which are compatible with curved double-sided main body element (147), namely double-sided footing element (102), double-sided upper-side finishing element (103), double-sided edge finishing element (104), double-sided corner finishing element (105), double-sided corner returning first element (140a), double-sided corner returning second element (140b), double-sided corner footing element (202) and double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) is characterized in that: by twisting or bending double-sided modular building elements mentioned above over a plane which coincides with or parallel to the frontal surface of the elements, and obtaining curved shaped double-sided modular building elements around a vertical axis which is perpendicular to the ground plane.
  • the curvature shapes concave or convex
  • directions longitudinal or lateral
  • FIG. 78 there is shown an alternative double-sided main body element (301) which is obtained by locating a diamond shaped block instead of frontal main rectangular block (106).
  • Frontal perspective view of a partial retaining wall structure comprising alternative double-sided main body elements (301) is shown in Fig. 79-80 , as well as the rear perspective view can be seen in Fig. 81 .
  • Alternative double-sided modular building elements which are compatible with alternative double-sided main body element (301).
  • Vast variety of geometric shapes can be applied as well as a diamond shape for frontal main rectangular block (106) of a double-sided main body element (101) (or main rectangular block (6) of a main body element (1)).
  • main rectangular block (6) or frontal main rectangular block (106) can be designed in such a manner that they can include openings for drainage purposes of ground water or projections and recesses for aesthetic purposes.
  • Retaining wall structure including a 90 degrees turning point constructed by using double-sided corner footing element (202), double-sided corner returning first element (140a) and double-sided edge finishing element (104) (construction method is illustrated in Fig. 62-69 ) may include relatively weakened areas (305) as shown in Fig. 69 . These weakened areas (305) may cause the wall strength to be decreased at the turning point. So, in order to overcome this problem, double-sided corner returning third element (310) (shown in Fig. 82 ) and double-sided corner footing second element (320) (shown in Fig. 84 ) can be used instead of using aforementioned elements (202, 140a, 104). As a result, relatively weakened areas (305) are removed from the 90 degrees turning point of a retaining wall structure. This alternative construction method of a 90 degrees turning point comprising elements 310 and 320 is illustrated in Fig. 86-97 .
  • the geometric property of a double-sided corner returning third element (310) is characterized in that: the outmost cavity of the double-sided corner returning second element (142) is filled and over this filled area, column heads (311) are located both at lower and upper side which has the same cross-section with column heads of double-sided corner returning second element (141).
  • Double-sided corner footing second element (320) is an element used at the corner of the foundation of a wall structure including 90 degrees turning point and the aim of using this element is to eliminate the relatively weakened areas (305) (shown in Fig. 69 ) from the wall structure.
  • Double-sided corner footing second element (320) comprises an upper part (322) and a bottom part (321). Upper part (322) is integrated to the bottom part of double-sided corner footing second element (321).
  • the geometry of upper part (322) is derived from double-sided corner returning third element (310) by taking a central section of frontal block of double-sided corner returning third element (316) at horizontal plane as shown in Fig. 83b H-H Section.
  • Bottom part of double-sided corner footing second element (321) comprises preferably a rectangular shaped compact body and includes double-sided corner footing second element reinforcing bars (325) in the form of protrusions which are preferably positioned at front and rear surfaces of bottom part of double-sided corner footing second element (320).
  • Double-sided corner footing second element reinforcing bars (325) are used to secure the double-sided corner footing second element (320) into the base ground so that the stability or strength of the wall is assured.
  • Double-sided corner footing second element reinforcing bars (325) can be designed at different shapes and can be produced by different materials such as iron rods or welded-wire depending on the site or soil conditions.
  • a double-sided corner returning second element 140b
  • first double-sided corner returning third element 310) is located at the corner and double-sided main body elements (101) are placed side-by-side in a same way done for the second row. Construction of the third row is shown in Fig. 90-91 . In Fig. 90-91 . In Fig. 90-91 .
  • double-sided corner returning second element (140b) and double-sided corner returning third element (310) is used consecutively and double-sided main body elements (101) are located beside these elements towards the both direction of the wall.
  • Fig. 97 there is shown a completed form of the wall. As its explained before, in order to obtain smooth finishing at the finishing sides of the wall, double-sided edge finishing elements (104), double-sided corner finishing elements (105), double-sided upper-side finishing elements (103) and double-sided upper-corner finishing element (243) are used.
  • the geometric properties of a double-sided corner footing second element without reinforcing bars (330) is same with the geometry of upper part of double-sided corner footing second element (322).
  • This element (330) is again used at the corner point of the foundation structure of a 90 degrees turning wall where reinforcing is not possible or is not required.
  • Double-sided window opening bottom element (340) is used at the bottom sides of wide openings such as windows or doors which may form in a wall structure comprising double-sided modular building elements of the present invention.
  • the geometric properties of a double-sided window opening bottom element (340) is same with the double-sided upper-side finishing element (103), the only difference is that the internal cavity of double-sided upper-side finishing element (341) (shown in Fig. 40a .) is all along the body of the element.
  • a double-sided inclination element (350) is used to obtain an inclined finishing to a wall structure so that some special applications can be possible such as obtaining a roof structure or inclined finishing at the upper side of door or window openings.
  • the geometry of a double-sided inclination element (350) is obtained by taking a cross-section preferably through bottom right corner of frontal main rectangular block (106) of double-sided main body element (101) to the mid-point of upper side of main rectangular block (106) over an angled horizontal plane which is perpendicular to the frontal main rectangular block (106) as shown in Fig. 36b I-I section.
  • Fig. 105-113 there is shown a sample utilization of double-sided modular building elements of the present invention.
  • Fig. 105 illustrates a foundation structure comprising double-sided footing elements (102) and double-sided corner footing second elements (320). Over this foundation structure, placement positions of the other double-sided modular building elements such as 101,104,140b, 310 and 340 are shown in Fig 106-107 .
  • Fig 108-110 illustrates the placement position of double-sided inclination elements (350) over the window and door openings.
  • Fig 111-113 again the placement position of double-sided inclination elements (350) are shown in order to obtain a roof structure.
  • Fig 114 there is shown a perspective view of a sample curved structure comprising curved double-sided main body elements (147). Obviously, it is also possible to give curved forms to all the other double-sided modular building elements in order to be able to construct structures like one given in Fig 114 .
  • All the modular building elements of the present invention described herein may not only be used in the construction of a retaining wall or the like structures, but it is also possible to produce them in a miniature form and use them as a construction toy or model constructing elements. Further, all the modular building elements described herein also have the following properties and attributes:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Casings For Electric Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (54)

  1. Ein modularer Bausatz zur Errichtung von Stützmauern oder ähnlichen Strukturen ohne Mörtel, welche die Erdmasse oder ähnliche Substanz hinter der Mauer zurückhält; besagte Mauer ist dahingehend angepasst, dass sie Grundwasser durchlässig ist und somit die Stabilität der besagten Mauer garantiert, die beschriebene Mauer kann so angepasst warden, dass sie repariert werden kann, in dem man nur die kaputten oder beschädigten Elemente auswechselt, die Höhe oder Länge dieser Stützmauer kann bei Bedarf entweder verkürzt oder verlängert werden, duch der Standort dieser Mauer kann durch durch Demontage der beschriebenen Systemelemente (1) gewechselt werden, diese Mauer kann ohne weitere Verankerungs- oder Halterungstechniken zwischen Mauer und Auffüllung als senkrechte Struktur errichtet werden, jedes der beschriebenen Elemente dieses Bausystems bestehen aus mindestens einem Hauptelement (1) einem rechteckigen Blockelement (6) und zwei rechteckig geformten Stützpfeilern, nämlich einem linken Pfeiler (7) und einem rechten Pfeiler (8) ; beide Pfeiler, der linke (7) und rechte (8) sind rechtwinkling zur Horizontalen auf der Vorderseite des rechteckigen Hauptelement (9) und treffen auf die senkrechten Seiten der Vorderseite dieses Hauptelements (9), die Gesamtbreite der beschriebenen linken (7) und rechten (8) Pfeiler entsprechen in etwa der vorderen Breite des rechteckigen Hauptelements (9), wobei die Höhe des linken (7) oder rechten (8) Pfeilers größer ist als die Höhe der Vorderseite des rechteckigen Hauptelements (9) und zwar bis zu einer maximalen Länge der doppelten Höhe der Vorderseite des rechteckigen Hauptelements (9) und die beschriebenen Elemente des Bausystem zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass besagte Pfeiler (7,8) über der Vorderseite (9) des rechteckigen Hauptelements (6) platziert werden und zwar getrennt auf den beiden senkrechten Seiten des rechteckigen Hauptelements (6).
  2. Ein modularer Bausatz nach Anspruch 1, wobei die vorzugsweisen geometrischen Eigenschaften und proportionalen Abmessungen des Hauptelements (1) folgendermaßen beschaffen sind:
    • Die horizontale Länge des rechteckigen Hauptelements (6) ist zwei Mal so lang wie dessen senkrechte Seite (6).
    • Die Höhe des beschriebenen linken (7) oder des rechten Pfeilers (8) entspricht in etwa der Länge der horizontalen Seite des rechteckigen Hauptelements (6).
    • Die linke Seite des linken Pfeilers (17) ist auf der selben Ebene wie die linke Seite des rechteckigen Hauptelements (18).
    • Die rechte Seite des rechten Pfeilers (19) befindet sich auf gleicher Ebene wie die rechte Seite des rechteckigen Hauptelements (20).
    • Die linke Oberkante des Hauptelements (26) ist auf gleicher Ebene wie die Oberkante des rechten Pfeilers des Hauptelements (27), aber höher als die Oberkante (30) des rechteckigen Hauptelements.
    • Die Unterkante des linken Pfeilers des Hauptelements (28) ist eben mit der rechten Unterkante des Hauptelements (29), liegt aber tiefer als der untere Teil des rechteckigen Hauptelements (31).
  3. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 1, hat weiterhin auch mindestens einem Element für das Fundament (2) bestehend aus
    • einem oberem Teil eines Elements für das Fundament (10), welches man vom vorbeschriebenen Hauptelement erhält (1) in dem man den mittleren Teil des besagten Hauptelements (1) auf horizontaler Ebene verwendet (Darstellung A-A);
    • einem untereren Fundamententeil (11), welches vorzugsweise aus einem kompakten rechteckigen Korpus besteht;
    und dieser oberer (10) und unterer Teil (11) des Fundaments (2) sind miteinander verbunden.
  4. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 3, wobei der vorbeschriebene untere Teil des Elements für das Fundament (11) aus Bewehrungsstäben besteht (12), die der Sicherung der Fundamentelemente (2) gegenüber dem Boden dienen (13), um so die Stabilität der Mauer zu garantieren.
  5. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 4, wobei die Bewehrungsstäbe des Elements für das Fundament (12) in Form von Überkragungen konstruiert sind, die vorzugsweise an der vorderen und hinteren Kante des Fundamentelements (11) angebracht sind; diese Fundamentbewehrungsstäbe (12) bestehen aus Industriematerialien wie beispielsweise Eisenstäbe oder Schweißdrähten.
  6. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 1 und 3, welcher weiterhin aus mindestens einem oberen Abschlußelement (3) enthält. Das wiederum die gleichen geometrischen Eigenschaften und proportionalen Abmessungen des besagten Fundaments besitzt (2).
  7. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 6, wobei die beschriebenen Elemente wie beispielsweise die Bewehrungsstäbe (12) auch an ein oberes Abschlusselement angebracht werden können (3), um dieses entweder zu verbinden oder um den oberen Teil der Mauer an ein Gebäude oder eine andere Struktur zu verankern und zwar genauso wie beim Fundamentelement (2).
  8. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 1, der aus mindestens einem Kantenabsahlusselement besteht (4), das aus dem Hauptelement gewonnen wird (1) in dem man das Mittelstück des rechteckigen Blockelements (6) des Hauptelements (1) senkrecht herausnimmt (Darstellung B-B).
  9. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 1 und 6, welcher unter anderem mindestens ein Eckelement enthält (5), welches man von der Oberseite des Abschlusselements (3) erhält, in dem man die Mittelsektion dieses oberen Abschlusselements (3) in senkrechter Ebene verwendet (Darstellung C-C) und durch diese senkrechte Teilung der Oberseite des Abschlusselements (3) erhält man ein linkes und ein rechtes Teil, dass man entweder als oberes Eckelement links or rechts an der Stützmauer anbringen kann.
  10. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 1, welcher mindestens einen Pfeiler enthält (32) mit denselben geometrischen Eigenschaften und Proportionen wie das Hauptelement (1). Der einzige Unterschied zwischen beiden besteht darin, dass das Pfeilerelement (32) mindestens einem Stiftelement (33) und mindestens einer dazu gehörigen Bohrung (34) besteht. Somit können die Pfeilerelemente (32) zum Bau einer Pfeilerstruktur ohne Mörtel verwendet werden (39).
  11. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 10, wobei das beschriebenene Stiftelement (33) einen integralen Bestandteil des Pfeilersystems bildet (32).
  12. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 10, wobei das besagte Stiftelement (33) als Zusatzkomponente gefertigt und während des Aubaus an das Pfeilersystem angebracht werden kann (32).
  13. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 1 und 8, welcher auch aus mindestens einem Eckelement besteht (40) welches man geometrisch erhält, wenn man zwei der beschriebenen Kantenabschlüsse (4) auf folgende Art und Weise zusammenfügt:
    • erst dreht man die Abschlusskante (4) um 180 Grad in der Waagerechten;
    • der hintere Teil der ersten Abschlusskante (45) trifft auf die rechte Seite der zweiten Abschlusskante (44) ;
    • der hintere Teil der zweiten Abschlusskante (45) ist nunmehr auf derselben Ebene wie die linke Seite der ersten Abschlusskante (46);
    • Die Oberkante der Pfeiler beider Abschlusskanten (58) und die entsprechenden Unterseiten beider Abschlusselemente (59) sind auf gleicher Ebene.
  14. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 1, der auch über ein konkav gebogenes Korpuselement (47) verfügt, das man durch drehen und biegen des Hauptelements (1) über die Ebene, die sich mit der Vorderseite des rechteckigen Blockelements (9) deckt. Schließlich die Rückseite des Hauptelements (1) eine konkave Form über der senkrechten Achse annimmt, die im rechten Winkel zur Bodenebene steht.
  15. Ein modularer Bausatz nach Anspruch 14, wobei das beschriebene konkave Element (47):
    • eine rückwärtige Oberfläche des konkav gebogenen Hauptelements (48) bildet, die mit dem inneren Kreisbogen (52) einer konkav geformten Mauerstruktur übereinstimmt;
    • die linke Pfeiler Vorderseite des konkav gebogenen Hauptelements (50) und die rechte Pfeiler Vorderseite des konkav gebogenen Hauptelements (51) mit dem äußeren Kreisbogen (53) übereinstimmt,
    • die Vorderseite des konkav gebogenen Hauptelements (49) mit dem mittleren Kreisbogen (55) übereinstimmt;
    • Kreise bestehend aus innerem Kreisbogen (52), äusserem Kreisbogen (53) und Zwischenbogen (55), alle mit gleichem Mittelpunkt besitzt.
  16. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 1, der weiterhin aus mindestens einem konvex geformten Hauptelement (56) besteht, das man durch drehen oder biegen über eine Ebene des Hauptelements (1), die mit der Vorderseite des rechteckigen Hauptelements (9) übereinstimmt und als Folge die Rückseite des Hauptelements (1) eine konvexe Form über eine senkrechte Achse annimmt, die im rechten Winkel zur Bodenebene bildet.
  17. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 1, welcher mindestens ein konvexes Element enthält (60) welches durch drehen oder biegen des Hauptelements (1) über eine Ebene, die im Einklang mit der Oberseite des rechteckigen Hauptelements steht (9) und als Folge die Vorderseite des Pfeilers (1) eine konvexe Form über der horizontalen Achse, welche parallell zur Bodenfläche ist, annimmt.
  18. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 1, der mindestens ein konkaves gebogenes Element (61) enthält, das man durch drehen oder biegen des Hauptelements (1) über die Voderseite des rechteckigen Elements (9) erhält und wobei schließlich die Vorderseite des Pfeilers des Hauptelements (1) eine konkave Form über der horizontalen Achse welche sich parallel zum Boden befindet, annimmt.
  19. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 14, 16, 17, 18, wobei die entsprechenden modularen Bauelemente (47, 56, 60, 61) im Bau dieser Stützmauer genutzt werden können, um damit kreisförmige oder runde Mauerstrukturen zu kreieren.
  20. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 1 und 2, der weiterhin mindestens ein Zusatzelement hat, welches ein doppelseitiges Bauelement darstellt (101). Dieses Element erhält man, indem man ein zweites rechteckiges Element nimmt, den so-genannten rechteckigen Vorderblock (106), welcher ähnliche geometrische Eigenschaften aufweißt wie der rechteckige Hauptblock (6) des Hauptelements (1), gegenüber den vorderseiten des linken (7) und rechten Pfeilers (8) des Hauptelements (1). Schließlich wird das rechteckige Blockelement (106) zur integralen Struktur des Hauptelements (1).
  21. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 20, welcher mindestens aus einem doppel-seitigem Fundamentelement besteht (102):
    • den oberen Teil des doppel-seitigen Fundamentelements (110) erhält man vom doppelseitigen Hauptelement (101), in dem man die mittlere Sektion des doppel-seitigen Hauptelements (101) in horizontaler Ebene (Darstellung D-D) verwendet;
    • den unteren Teil des doppelseitigen Fundamentelaments (111), welches vorzugsweise aus einem rechteckigen kompakten Korpus besteht;
    und von besagtem oberen Teil (110) sowie genanntem unteren Teil (111) ein doppel-seitiges Fundamentelemts (102) entsteht.
  22. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 21, wobei der untere Teil des doppelseitigen Fundament-Elements (111) aus doppelwandigen Fundamentelement Bewehrungsstäben (112) welche dazu dienen, das doppelwandige Fundament (102) am Boden sicher zu verankern (13), damit die Stabilität der Mauer garantiert ist.
  23. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 22, wobei die Bewehrungsstäbe des doppel-wandigen Fundamentelements 25 (112) in Form von Überkragungen konstruiert sind und zwar vorzugsweise an der vorderen und hinteren Fläche des doppelseitigen Fundamentelements angebracht sind (111); die hier beschriebenen doppel-seitigen Bewehrungsstäbe des Fundamentelements (112) sind aus industriellen Materialien wie Eisenstäbe oder Schweißdraht hergestellt.
  24. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 20 und 21, der zusätzlich mindestens ein doppel-wandiges oberes Abschlusselement enthält (103) welches die gleichen geometrieschen Eigenschaften und proportionalen Abmessungen hat wie das beschriebene Element für das Fundament (102).
  25. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 24, wobei die besagten Bewehrungsstäbe (112) an beschriebenes doppelwandiges oberes Abschlusselement angebracht werden können (103) und dadurch
    das obere Teil der Stützmauer mit einem anderen Gebäude oder einer anderen Struktur verbinden oder daran verankern werden kann und zwar auf die gleiche Art und weise wie das doppel-wandige Element für das Fundament (102).
  26. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 20, der mindestens ein doppel-wandiges Kantenabschlusselement (104) enthält, welches man durch das doppel-wandige Korpuselement erhält (101) in dem man das Mittelstück des vorderen rechteckigen Hauptblocks (106) des besagten doppel-wandigen Hauptelements (101) in vertikaler Ebene (Darstellung E-E) nimmt.
  27. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 20 und 24, der auch mindestens 10 ein doppel-wandiges Eckabschlusselement (105) enthält, welches man durch das doppel-wandige obere Abschlusselement (103) erhält, in dem man das Mittelstück des doppelseitigen Abschlusselements nimmt (103) und zwar in vertikaler Ebene (F-F Section); und diese Senkrechtteilung des doppel-seitigen oberen Abschlusselements (103) ergibt ein individuelles linkes und rechtes Teil.
  28. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 20 und 26, der auch aus mindestens einem primär doppel-wandigen umgekehrten Winkelelement (140a) besteht, welches durch die Geometrie des doppel-wandigen Abschlusselements (104) entsteht, wenn man den inneren Hohlraum (124) dieses Ahschlusselements (104) ausfüllt. Wenn dieser innere Hohlraum (124) gefüllt ist, entsteht ein kompakter Korpus. Über diesen kompakten Korpus, dem unteren Teil des Pfeilers des doppel-wandigen Kantenabschlusses(125) und dem oberen Teil des Pfeilers des doppel-wandigen Kantenabschlusses (126) werden gegen die Mitte des kompakten Korpus geschoben.
  29. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 20, 26 und 28, der weiterhin mindestens ein sekundäres doppel-seitiges rückwärtiges Winkelelement (140b) erhält, in dem man die Seitenteile, die man durch eine Bohrung an Stelle der Pfeilerköpfe dieses primär doppel-wandigen rückwärtigen Winkelelement (140a) erhält, welche den gleichen Querschnitt wie die Pfeiler hat, über die gesamte Korpuslänge des doppel-wandigen rückwärtigen Winkelelement (140a) verläuft. Das besagte doppel-wandige KEntenabschlußelement (127), welches teil des doppelwandigen Abschlusselements (104) ist, wird über die gleiche Ebene zusammengefügt.
  30. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 20 und 28, der ebenso ein doppelwandiges Element für ein Eckfundament enthält (202) bestehend aus:
    • dem oberen Teil des doppelwandigen Elements für das Eckfundament (210), welches man vom beschriebenen primären doppel-wandigen rückwärtigen Winkelelement (140a) erhält, in dem man den mittleren Teil des primären doppel-wandigen rückwärtigen Winkelelement (140a) horizontal setzt (Darstellung G-G),
    • der untere Teil des doppel-wandigen Eckfundaments (211) besteht vorzugsweise aus einem rechteckigen oder viereckigen kompakten Korpus.
    und das Oberteil (210) und Unterteil (211) des doppelwandigen Eckfundaments (202) werden miteinander verbunden.
  31. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 30, mit eine Unterteil des doppel-wandigen Elements für das Fundament (211) mit doppel-seitigen Eckfundament mit Bewehrungsstäben (212), die dazu dienen, das doppelwandige Eckfundament (202) im Boden (13) zu verankern, wandige Eckfundament (202) im Boden (13) zu verankern, damit die Stabilität der Mauer garantiert ist.
  32. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 31, mit einem doppel-wandigen Eckfundament mit Bewehrungsstäben (212), welche in Form von Überkragungen konstruitert sind und am Besten an der vorderen und hinteren Kante des Unterteiles des doppel-wandigen Eckfundaments (211) angebracht werden. Diese Bewehrungsstäbe am doppel-wandigen Eckelement (212) sind industriel aus Eisenstäben oder geschweißten Drähten hergestellt.
  33. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 20 und 29, der auch aus mindestens einem doppel-wandigen Eckabschlusselement (243) besteht, welcher durch Entfernen eines der Pfeilerköpfe des zweiten doppel-wandigen rückwärtigen Eckelements (141), das Teil des zweiten doppel-wandigen rückwärtigen Eckelements (140b) sowie Teil der zweiten doppelwandigen Aushöhlung des rückwärtigen Eckelements (142), welches an der Seite, wo der Pfeilerkopf entfernt wurde, abgedeckt wird, damit die Aushöhlungen des zweiten rückwärtigen Eckelements (142) genauso hoch sind wie die Pfeilerköpfe des doppel-wandigen mularen Bauelements.
  34. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 20 mit mindestens einem gebogenen doppel-seitigen Hauptelement (147), welches man durch drehen und biegen des doppelseitigen Haupelements (101) über eine Ebene erhält, welche gleich oder parallell zur Vorderseite des rechteckigen Blockelements (106) ist. Bedingt dadurch nimmt das doppel-seitige Hauptelement (101) eine konkave Form über die Senkrechtachse an, die wiederum rechtwinklig zur Bodenfläche ist.
  35. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 20-34, das weiterhin mindestens ein gebogenes modules Bauelement hat, das mit dem gebogenen doppel-wandigen Hauptelement (147) vergleichbar ist und welches durch drehen und biegen des modulen Bauelement, nämlich des doppel-wandigen Fundamentelements (102), doppel-wandigen oberen Abschlußelements (103), doppel-wandigen Kantenabschluss (104), doppel-wandigen Eckabschluss (105), dem ersten doppel-seitigen rückwärtigen Eckelement (140a), dem zweiten doppel-seitigen rückwärtigen Eckelement (140b), dem doppel-wandigen Eckfundament (202) und den oberen doppel-wandigen Abschlusselement (243) über einer Ebene die parallell mit der Vorderseite dieser Elemente zusammenfällt und so gebogene doppel-seitige module Bauelemente über eine senkrechte Achse, die rechtwinklig zur Bodenfläche ist, entstehen,
  36. Ein modulärer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 34-35, wobei die gebogenen doppel-wandigen Bauelemente, die mit den gebogenen doppel-wandigen Hauptelement (147) zusammenpassen, dazu benutzt werden, um eine runde oder gebogene Mauer zu erstellen.
  37. Ein modulärer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 20 und 29, der auch aus einem dritten doppel-wandigen rückwärtigen Eckelement (310) besteht, das durch Einfüllen der äusseren Aushöhlung (142) des zweiten doppel-wandigen Eckelements (140b) entsteht. Über die Füllfläche werden Pfeilerköpfe (311) oben und unten gesetzt, die den gleichen Querschnitt der Pfeilerköpfe des zweiten rückwärtigen Eckelements (141) aufweisen.
  38. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 20 und 37, der weiterhin mindestens ein zweites doppelwandiges Eckelement für das Fundament enthält (320), welches aus Folgendem besteht:
    • einem oberen Teil des zweiten doppel-wandigen Eckfundaments (322), welches aus dem dritten doppelwandigen rückwärtigen Eckelement (310) entsteht, in dem man das Mittelstück des dritten rückwärtigen doppel-wandigen Eckelements (310) horizontal nimmt (Darstellung H-H);
    • einem unteren Teil des zweiten doppel-wandigen Fundamentelements (321), der vorzugsweise aus einem rechteckig geformten, kompakten Korpus besteht;
    und besagtem Oberteil (322) und Unterteil (321) des zweiten doppel-wandigen Eckfundaments (320), welche miteinander verbunden werden.
  39. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 38, wobei besagtes Unterteil des zweiten doppel-wandigen Eckfundaments (321) aus einem zweiten doppel-wandigen Eckfundament mit Bewehrungsstäben (325) besteht, die dazu dienen, das zweite doppel-wandige Eckfundament (320) im Boden (13) zu verankern, um somit der Stützmauer Stabilität zu verleihen.
  40. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 39, wobei das zweite Element für das Fundament mit Bewehrungstägen (325) in form von Überkragungen konstruiert ist, die vornehmlich an den vorderen oder rückwärtigen Kanten des Unterteils des zweiten doppel-wandigen Eckfundaments (321) angebracht werden können. Die Bewehrungsstäbe des zweiten doppelwandigen Eckfundaments (325) sind entweder aus Eisenstangen oder einem geschweißten Gitter gefertigt.
  41. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 20 und 38, der auch ein zweites doppel-wandiges Element für ein Fundament hat, aber ohne Bewehrungs-stäbe (340). Dieses Element hat die gleiche geometrische Form und Proportionen wie der obere Teil des zweiten doppel-wandigen Eckfundaments (322).
  42. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 20 und 24, welcher darüber hinaus über mindestens ein Element mit einer doppel-wandigen Öffnung (340) verfügt, welches die gleichen geometrischen Eigenschaften und Abmessunen hat wie das untere, doppel-wandige Abschlusselement (103).
  43. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 42, wobei benanntes doppel-wandiges unteres Element mit Öffnung (34) vorzugsweise eine innere Öffnung. Die innere Aushöhlung des doppel-wandigen Abschlusselements (341) ist durch das Element verlängert.
  44. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 20, was mindestens ein doppel-wandiges Schrägelement (350) hat, welches man erhält, wenn man den Querschnitt am Besten durch die untere rechte Ecke der Vorderseite des rechteckigen Blockelements (106) des doppel-seitigen Hauptelements (101) bis zum Mittelpunkt der Oberseite des rechteckigen Blockelements (106) über eine gewinkelte horizontale Ebene nimmt, die rechtwinkeling zur Vorderseite des rechteckigen Blockelements (106) ist (Darstellung I-I).
  45. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 1-44, welcher zur Errichtung von Stützmauern oder Stützstrukturen dienst.
  46. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 10, wobei die Kontaktflächen oder Verkleidungen der beschriebenen Pfeilerelemente (32) mit Aus- und Überkragungen der unterschiedlichsten geometrischen Formenvorgefertigt werden können, statt des Stifts (33) und der Bohrung (34).
  47. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 1-44, wobei die Über- und Auskragungen in verschiedenen geometrischen Formen erhältlich sind oder jeglicher Art von Stift-Mechanismus, der an den modulen Bauelemente angebracht oder dafür konstruiert ist, was einen extra Halt bedeutet ode rein Interlocking der modulen Bauelemente zu einander, wenn diese aufeinander gesetzt warden, um eine Stützmauer oder ähnliche Struktur zu bauen.
  48. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 1-44, wobei die Bauelemente aus verschiedenen Materialien wie beispielsweise auch Beton oder Stahlbeton gefertigt sind.
  49. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 1-44, wobei besagte Bauelemente statt mit scharfen, mit abgeschrägten Kanten hergestellt warden, was wiederum das Aufeinandersetzen während des Baus dieser Elemente erleichtert.
  50. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 1-44, wobei die beschriebenen Baumodule alternativ auch in Form von Hohlkörpern oder einschließlich Hohlstrukturen vorgefertigt werden, was vom Baugelände oder der Erdbeschaffenheit sowie vom Material, woraus die Elemente hergestellt sind, abhängt.
  51. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 20, der mindestens ein alternatives doppel-seitiges Element enthält (301), dass man mit Hilfe eines rautenförmigen statt des vorderen rechteckigen Blockelement (106), welcher Bestandteil des Hauptelements (101) ist, erhält.
  52. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die oberen und unteren Flächen des rechteckigen Hauptblocks (6) aus Über- und Auskragungen in linearer oder runder Form bestehen. Diese Über- und Auskragungen sind exakt aufeinander abgestimmt, wenn man diese übereinander stellt. Sie können auch Öffnungen zum Ablauf des Grundwassers bilden.
  53. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Anspruch 20, wobei die oberen und unteren Flächen des vorderen rechteckigen Hauptelements (106) aus Über- und Auskragungen in linearer oder runder Form bestehen. Diese Über- und Auskragungen sind exakt aufeinander abgestimmt, wenn man diese übereinander stellt. Sie können auch als Öffnungen zum Ablauf des Grundwassers verwendet werden.
  54. Ein modularer Bausatz gemäß Ansprüche 1-44, wobei besagte modulare Bauelemente nicht nur zur Errichtung von Stützmauern oder ähnlichen Strukturen eingesetzt werden können, sondern auch in Miniaturform produziert werden können und so als Bausatz zum Spielen oder als Modelbauelemente Verwendung finden können.
EP05759986A 2004-05-10 2005-05-09 Modulare bauelemente zur konstruktion einer stützwand Not-in-force EP1745181B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR2004/01044A TR200401044A2 (tr) 2004-05-10 2004-05-10 Modüler yapı elemanlarıyla istinat duvarı inşaa yöntemi.
TR2004/01694A TR200401694A2 (tr) 2004-07-12 2004-07-12 Çift taraflı modüler yapı elemanlarıyla istinat duvarı inşaa yöntemi
TR2005/01589A TR200501589A2 (tr) 2005-04-29 2005-04-29 Çift taraflı modüler yapı elemanlarıyla istinat duvarı inşaa yöntemi.
PCT/TR2005/000022 WO2005108682A1 (en) 2004-05-10 2005-05-09 Modular building elements for constructing retaining wall and the construction method thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1745181A1 EP1745181A1 (de) 2007-01-24
EP1745181B1 true EP1745181B1 (de) 2008-03-19

Family

ID=34972517

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05759986A Not-in-force EP1745181B1 (de) 2004-05-10 2005-05-09 Modulare bauelemente zur konstruktion einer stützwand

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20080229698A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1745181B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2007537377A (de)
AT (1) ATE389755T1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0510934A (de)
CA (1) CA2566012A1 (de)
DE (1) DE602005005469T2 (de)
EA (1) EA008919B1 (de)
MX (1) MXPA06013123A (de)
WO (1) WO2005108682A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012006056B3 (de) * 2012-03-27 2013-09-05 MWB Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH Schutzwandsystem

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2975237C (en) * 2015-02-21 2022-05-10 Rajendra Vithal LADKAT A retaining wall method of precast block to prevent landslide
RU172864U1 (ru) * 2017-03-13 2017-07-28 Марат Георгиевич Калаев Блок для подпорной стены
US10316485B1 (en) * 2018-07-17 2019-06-11 Pacific Coast Building Products, Inc. Retaining wall block
KR102484597B1 (ko) * 2020-10-30 2023-01-04 김쌍도 조립식 개비온 옹벽 블록 키트
AU2021414233A1 (en) 2020-12-31 2023-07-20 Mitek Holdings, Inc. Rapid assembly construction modules and methods for use
CN113505408B (zh) * 2021-07-07 2022-04-05 中水淮河规划设计研究有限公司 基于特征模型的空箱挡土墙全参数化三维模型构建方法
US11753820B2 (en) 2021-12-03 2023-09-12 New Century International LLC Interlocking modular block system

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3176468A (en) * 1962-02-27 1965-04-06 Takashi Takada Block for absorbing water flow energy
JPS526293B1 (de) * 1968-09-19 1977-02-21
US3614866A (en) * 1969-02-21 1971-10-26 Kyowa Concrete Kogyo Sapporo S Polypod structure for civil engineering uses
DE2817549A1 (de) * 1978-04-21 1979-10-25 Karlfried Ing Grad Huland Bauelement zur herstellung von raumgittern
FR2463840A1 (fr) * 1979-08-24 1981-02-27 Limousin Louis Elements modulaires emboitables et leurs procedes d'assemblage
US4381619A (en) * 1980-08-04 1983-05-03 Griffin David J Building block
IT1142512B (it) * 1981-05-14 1986-10-08 Joseph Sciortino Perfezionamento nelle strutture di blocchi modulari per la realizzazione di frangiflutti dighe foranee e simili con pervieta' controllata
US4633639A (en) * 1983-12-05 1987-01-06 Deimen Michael L Construction block
US5163261A (en) * 1990-03-21 1992-11-17 Neill Raymond J O Retaining wall and soil reinforcement subsystems and construction elements for use therein
US5122015A (en) * 1991-03-04 1992-06-16 Shen Chen J Construction assembly
JPH04315621A (ja) * 1991-04-12 1992-11-06 Yoshikon Kk 壁面構成ブロック及び壁面構築方法
GB9302660D0 (en) * 1993-02-10 1993-03-24 Sihra Kirpal S A building system
DE4306571A1 (de) * 1993-03-03 1994-09-08 Manfred Dipl Ing Kroczek Baustein für Spielzeug- oder Modellsystem
US5441362A (en) * 1993-09-30 1995-08-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Concrete armor unit for protecting coastal and hydraulic structures and shorelines
US5575120A (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-11-19 Handley; Frederick G. Design and construction module
US6061988A (en) * 1999-03-16 2000-05-16 Bnz Materials, Inc. Building module and a method of constructing a wall from said module
US6234721B1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2001-05-22 Earth Solutions, Inc. Erosion prevention block
US20070204548A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-06 Louis Gagne Building blocks with integrated assembling design

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012006056B3 (de) * 2012-03-27 2013-09-05 MWB Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH Schutzwandsystem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2566012A1 (en) 2005-11-17
EA008919B1 (ru) 2007-08-31
EP1745181A1 (de) 2007-01-24
ATE389755T1 (de) 2008-04-15
DE602005005469D1 (de) 2008-04-30
WO2005108682B1 (en) 2007-07-05
US20080229698A1 (en) 2008-09-25
MXPA06013123A (es) 2007-05-16
DE602005005469T2 (de) 2009-03-12
WO2005108682A1 (en) 2005-11-17
EA200602085A1 (ru) 2007-06-29
JP2007537377A (ja) 2007-12-20
BRPI0510934A (pt) 2007-11-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1745181B1 (de) Modulare bauelemente zur konstruktion einer stützwand
US10273647B2 (en) Retaining wall
US20080172970A1 (en) Columnar block fence system
US6523312B2 (en) Wall forming system for retaining and non-retaining concrete walls
EP2758603B1 (de) Element für eine mauer
EP0830484B1 (de) Miteinander verbindbare schalungselemente
AU2010300695B2 (en) Wall blocks, veneer panels for wall blocks and method of constructing walls
US7174687B2 (en) Web offset lug dry-stack system
US20110217127A1 (en) Retaining wall block system
US5367845A (en) System for building a structure
EP2350403A2 (de) Mehrkomponentenstützmauerblock
EP2694745B1 (de) Modulares system von bausteinen
CA2438560C (en) Modular wall or fence construction system
WO2002090677A2 (en) Interlocking construction components
US20040159065A1 (en) Retaining wall block
CN101027450A (zh) 用于构造挡墙的模块化建筑元件及其构造方法
US10494810B1 (en) Mortarless building blocks wall
US20020174614A1 (en) Foundation wall for a structure
KR100375821B1 (ko) 옹벽용 블럭 및 그 시공 방법
KR20040096911A (ko) 표면에 자연석이 매입된 판블록을 이용한 조립식 옹벽블록 및 그 제조 방법
US12054896B2 (en) System for an arch bridge and methods of producing the same
JPH02210121A (ja) Ｌ形擁壁を用いた土地角部の擁壁構成法
KR20240025838A (ko) 입체결합 옹벽 블록시스템
EP0892875A1 (de) Verbesserter baublock
AU721301B2 (en) Block structure and system for arranging above-ground fencing, railing and/or sound barriers

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20061027

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

RTI1 Title (correction)

Free format text: MODULAR BUILDING ELEMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTING RETAINING WALL

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 602005005469

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20080430

Kind code of ref document: P

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080319

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080319

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080319

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080319

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080319

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080319

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080630

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080619

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080827

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080319

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080319

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080319

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080719

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080531

EN Fr: translation not filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080319

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080319

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20081222

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080619

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090109

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Payment date: 20090508

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080319

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20090525

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080319

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20090729

Year of fee payment: 5

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20090512

Year of fee payment: 5

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090531

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080920

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080509

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080620

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Payment date: 20100416

Year of fee payment: 6

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20100509

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100509

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100510

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20101201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100509

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110509