EP1743397A1 - Element d'antenne a ouverture - Google Patents

Element d'antenne a ouverture

Info

Publication number
EP1743397A1
EP1743397A1 EP05749908A EP05749908A EP1743397A1 EP 1743397 A1 EP1743397 A1 EP 1743397A1 EP 05749908 A EP05749908 A EP 05749908A EP 05749908 A EP05749908 A EP 05749908A EP 1743397 A1 EP1743397 A1 EP 1743397A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aperture
antenna
antenna element
feed
ground plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05749908A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1743397B1 (fr
Inventor
Jesper Uddin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
POWER TECHNOLOGIES SWEDEN AB
Original Assignee
POWER TECHNOLOGIES SWEDEN AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by POWER TECHNOLOGIES SWEDEN AB filed Critical POWER TECHNOLOGIES SWEDEN AB
Publication of EP1743397A1 publication Critical patent/EP1743397A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1743397B1 publication Critical patent/EP1743397B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to aperture antennas, of the kind apparent from the preamble of the attached claim 1.
  • Aperture antennas such as for example slots, horns and aperture coupled patch antennas, are quite different in nature compared to dipole antennas.
  • the electromagnetic radiation may be viewed as 0 emanating from an aperture in a conducting enclosure.
  • the radiating patches are not conductively connected to the feeding arrangement, but excited by fields from an aperture.
  • a dipole antenna In contrast to this, a dipole antenna consists of two dipole 5 arms conductively connected to the feedline, often via a balun. Furthermore, the radiation from an aperture antenna and a dipole, respectively, is totally different in their characteristics .
  • aperture antenna and dipole antennas respectively, !0 thus entails altogether different problems, and entails in particular totally different construction design aspects.
  • a typical aperture antenna or aperture radiator, comprises a waveguide (antenna feed line) at the end of which an aperture is placed.
  • a reflector may be used to accentuate !5 certain desired radiation characteristics.
  • An example of an antenna based on the aperture antenna technique is an aperture coupled patch antenna.
  • a typical aperture coupled patch antenna comprises a dielectric laminate, for example a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) .
  • a feeding network, including an aperture feed feeding the antenna elements, is 5 provided on one side of said PCB, typically by means of etching.
  • the laminate is further provided with an electrically conductive layer on the opposite side serving as a ground plane for the aperture feed.
  • the conductive layer may also serve as the ground plane for the antenna.
  • US 6,054,953 shows an example of a state of the art aperture- coupled antenna.
  • the antenna described in this patent .5 comprises a ground layer made of an electrically conductive material and is provided with a centrally located aperture.
  • the aperture is etched on a substrate layer placed underneath the ground plane layer, and radiating patches are fed with microwave power from a feed network.
  • the feed layer is designed from a dielectric material, such as foam or a cladded material, including an etched strip forming the feedline.
  • the use of laminate such as PCB
  • laminate is very expensive, 5 especially considering that the laminate should be made as thin as possible in order to reduce the amount of dielectric losses.
  • the use of laminate with an etched-on feeding network requires several manufacturing steps. There is, for example, a lot of soldering steps required, which besides the 0 laborious work, causes other problems such as giving undesired intermodulation effects. Further still, the step of attaching the ground layer to the reflector may also be a rather tedious and time-consuming manufacturing step.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an antenna construction that overcomes the above mentioned disadvantages. It is an object of the invention to provide a new, inventive and simpler design of an aperture antenna. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide an aperture antenna in which the use of expensive dielectric laminates is eliminated, whereby also the laborious etching steps are eliminated, and thereby giving a less expensive antenna.
  • an aperture antenna comprising a ground plane, an aperture feed and a reflector.
  • the aperture antenna comprises at least one aperture, provided directly on the ground plane, wherein the ground plane also is the reflector of the antenna. Further, the aperture feed is separated from the ground plane.
  • the aperture feed is a conducting element, for example a sheet metal element.
  • a conducting element for example a sheet metal element.
  • Such sheet metal element may be punched out, etched, water cut, milled or laser cut of the like.
  • the aperture feed is fastened underneath said ground plane by means of distance elements.
  • a predetermined, fixed distance between the ground plane of the antenna and the aperture feed is achieved in a simple and non- expensive way, giving the desired antenna properties.
  • the distance may be altered, if needed, by replacing the distance elements with elements having a different thickness, thereby providing the antenna designer a flexible design- means .
  • the aperture antenna of the invention is coupled to at least one apertured patch or non-apertured patch.
  • the present invention may thus easily be implemented as an aperture- coupled patch antenna, giving a widely used aperture antenna.
  • the aperture antenna' of the invention further comprises a shielding case fastened underneath the reflector and enclosing the end part of the aperture feed. This prevents, or at least minimizes, the back radiation, which is highly undesired for example in sector antennas, thereby minimizing losses and yielding a higher performance of the antenna.
  • the at least one aperture has an optional design.
  • the aperture may be a straight slot aperture, a cross- shaped aperture consisting of perpendicular slots or an elliptic aperture. This provides an antenna that may easily be produced for its specific, intended use, and thus flexible design means.
  • the present invention also relates to such a aperture antenna, whereby equivalent advantages are obtained.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic overview over the inventive aperture antenna design in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2a shows a first exemplary embodiment of the reflector ground plane in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2b shows a second exemplary embodiment of the reflector ground plane in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figures 3a and 3b show an exemplary embodiment for fastening the feeding network to the reflector ground plane.
  • Figure 4 shows the coupling means for coupling a distributor main to the antenna part.
  • Figure 5 shows an aperture antenna including the aperture antenna element in accordance with the present invention.
  • an aperture antenna element of the invention comprises an aperture feed, a reflector and at least one aperture.
  • the aperture antenna element could optionally further include one or more patches and a shielding case preventing back radiation.
  • Reference numeral 1 generally designates the aperture antenna element in accordance with the present invention, and the same reference numerals are used in all drawings for designating like elements.
  • the aperture antenna element 1 in accordance with the present invention comprises firstly a reflector 2, which is made of an electrically conductive material, and which may have any desired shape, which may be adapted to its specific intended use.
  • the reflector 2 also
  • the reflector 2 comprises one or more apertures 3, which may be punched out, or water cut, laser cut or made by any other known method. Further, an aperture feed.4 is fastened to the reflector 2, for example by means of distance elements 5, made
  • the aperture feed 4 should be fastened in such a way that the distance between the reflector 2 (being also the ground plane) and the aperture feed 4 is equal at all points in order to guarantee the correct and desired antenna properties. Sufficiently many
  • the aperture feed 4 may be any conducting element suitable for feeding power to the aperture (s) 3; it may for example be a sheet metal element or a metallized plastic.
  • the aperture feed 4 may be produced in any suitable way; it may for example be punched out from a metal sheet, laser cut, water cut, etched or milled.
  • the distance from the aperture feed 4 to the ground plane (i.e. the reflector 2) is determined by the thickness of the distance elements 5, and should be such that possible radiation losses from the aperture feed 4 are minimized.
  • An exemplary distance, yielding acceptable antenna characteristics, lies within the range of 1-5 mm, for example approximatively 2,5 mm.
  • the aperture feed 4 could be of any desired shape, examples of which are shown in figures 2a and 2b and described later.
  • the aperture antenna 1 may also comprise a shielding case 6, used in order to prevent back radiation.
  • Back radiation is highly undesired for example in sector antennas where all the radiation should be directed in a- specific direction, and where any back radiation from one sector antenna could interfere with the radiation from another sector antenna.
  • the shielding case 6 could be fastened to the reflector 2 by means of conducting adhesive tape, by means of rivets, or in any other suitable manner, in such a way that a conducting or nonconducting (capacitive coupling) fastening means is provided between the shielding case 6 and the reflector 2.
  • the shown aperture antenna 1 may be used as an aperture- coupled patch antenna, in which case patches 7 should be included.
  • the patches 7 may be of any known kind.
  • the shape of the patches may be any suitable, such as rectangular, square, circular etc.
  • the patches 7, if more than one, may be of different lengths, governing the characteristics of the antenna. Patches for compensating for the asymmetrical form of the ground plane may for example be provided.
  • apertured or non-apertured patches may be used, and such patches may also be combined in any desired manner.
  • parasitic elements could also be included if desired, as is well known.
  • the aperture 3 may thus be of any suitable form, and comprises
  • an aperture 3 comprises more commonly, as is shown in figure 2a, a pair of rectilinear
  • L5 slots 3 oriented at right angles to each other, so as to provide for double polarization operation.
  • the. aperture feed 4 may be fork-shaped, in order to be able to feed both aperture 3 slots in an efficient manner. It is also • possible to provide for circular polarization operation, in
  • the aperture feeds 4, 4' are placed on 5 top of each other, however without being in contact to each other.
  • the uppermost aperture feed 4 should thus have a shape permitting such configuration; more specifically, the aperture feed 4 that is placed on top of another aperture feed 4' should have some kind of curvature so that the bottom aperture 0 feed 4' find room underneath the uppermost aperture feed 4, without them being in contact with each other.
  • the aperture slots could be designed in such way that the coupling there between is minimized.
  • the design of the aperture (s) 3 may thus be such that the desired antenna 5 characteristics are achieved.
  • the reflector 2 is provided with holes into which a part of a snap joint element 5a is placed.
  • the aperture feed 4 also provided with holes, is then placed between said snap joint element 5a and a complementary snap joint element 5b, whereby a very easily attachable fastening means is provided.
  • the ' aperture feed 4 may also be removed in an easy manner, if desired.
  • the snap joint elements 5a, 5b should be of a non-conducting material, such as plastic, and the thickness H of the snap joint elements 5a, 5b -be dimensioned so that optimal antenna characteristics are provided. Since the snap
  • joint elements 5a, 5b may be disassembled, they may easily be replaced, whereby the thickness H may conveniently be altered, if desired, by replacing the snap joint elements 5a, 5b with snap joint elements of a different thickness H.
  • Other fastening means are of course also possible, for example
  • the feeding network comprising feeding means 11, for example cables, for feeding the aperture antenna element 1 in accordance with the present invention.
  • Each aperture antenna element 1 is feed 30 by the feeding network, and thus connected to it by some suitable coupling means 12.
  • the feeding network may be a conventional feeding network well known within the art.
  • the aperture antenna 10 comprises one or several aperture antenna elements 1 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the aperture antenna 10 further preferably comprises equally many patches 7, for providing an aperture-coupled wide-band antenna.
  • the present invention provides an improved aperture antenna element, having a simpler design and a less expensive production compared to the prior art aperture antennas.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément d'antenne à ouverture (1) qui comprend un tapis de sol, une ouverture d'alimentation (3) et un réflecteur (2). Selon l'invention, ladite ouverture d'alimentation (3) se situe directement sur le tapis de sol, ce dernier lui servant également de réflecteur (2). Selon l'invention, l'ouverture d'alimentation (4) est séparée dudit tapis de sol. Par ailleurs, l'invention concerne une antenne à ouverture équipée de ces éléments d'antenne à ouverture.
EP05749908.9A 2004-05-03 2005-05-03 Element d'antenne a ouverture Not-in-force EP1743397B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0401144A SE0401144L (sv) 2004-05-03 2004-05-03 Aperturantennelement
PCT/SE2005/000643 WO2005107008A1 (fr) 2004-05-03 2005-05-03 Element d'antenne a ouverture

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1743397A1 true EP1743397A1 (fr) 2007-01-17
EP1743397B1 EP1743397B1 (fr) 2013-07-24

Family

ID=32466197

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05749908.9A Not-in-force EP1743397B1 (fr) 2004-05-03 2005-05-03 Element d'antenne a ouverture

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1743397B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1947303A (fr)
SE (1) SE0401144L (fr)
WO (1) WO2005107008A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1927156A2 (fr) 2005-09-19 2008-06-04 Fractus, S.A. Ensemble antenne, dispositif sans fil portable et utilisation d'un element conducteur pour adapter le plan de sol d'un ensemble antenne
US8120536B2 (en) 2008-04-11 2012-02-21 Powerwave Technologies Sweden Ab Antenna isolation
US8085209B2 (en) * 2009-04-02 2011-12-27 Viasat, Inc. Sub-array polarization control using rotated dual polarized radiating elements
CN101894990A (zh) * 2010-06-24 2010-11-24 东南大学 极化不敏感双频特性有源频率选择表面

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4847625A (en) 1988-02-16 1989-07-11 Ford Aerospace Corporation Wideband, aperture-coupled microstrip antenna
GB2308012B (en) * 1995-12-05 1999-11-17 Northern Telecom Ltd A radiation shielding device
SE9603565D0 (sv) * 1996-05-13 1996-09-30 Allgon Ab Flat antenna
US6054953A (en) 1998-12-10 2000-04-25 Allgon Ab Dual band antenna
AU1425501A (en) * 1999-12-01 2001-06-12 Allgon Ab An antenna assembly and a method of mounting an antenna assembly

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2005107008A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE0401144D0 (sv) 2004-05-03
WO2005107008A8 (fr) 2006-04-06
WO2005107008A1 (fr) 2005-11-10
EP1743397B1 (fr) 2013-07-24
CN1947303A (zh) 2007-04-11
SE526492C2 (sv) 2005-09-27
SE0401144L (sv) 2005-09-27

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