EP1739790A1 - Omnidirectional antenna element - Google Patents

Omnidirectional antenna element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1739790A1
EP1739790A1 EP05291368A EP05291368A EP1739790A1 EP 1739790 A1 EP1739790 A1 EP 1739790A1 EP 05291368 A EP05291368 A EP 05291368A EP 05291368 A EP05291368 A EP 05291368A EP 1739790 A1 EP1739790 A1 EP 1739790A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna element
dipoles
elements
portions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05291368A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hervé Lattard
Thierry Le Nadan
François Gallee
Yann Philippe Toutain
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Antennessa
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Antennessa
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Publication date
Application filed by Antennessa filed Critical Antennessa
Priority to EP05291368A priority Critical patent/EP1739790A1/en
Publication of EP1739790A1 publication Critical patent/EP1739790A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an omnidirectional antenna element. It relates more particularly to such an antenna element which is made from dipoles, and which is adapted to emit horizontally polarized radiation in an azimuthal plane.
  • the invention also relates to a network antenna made from such antenna elements.
  • an antenna element can operate in transmission and reception. Although the characteristics of the antenna elements and antennas which are described later are cited with reference to a transmission operation, it is understood that these antenna elements and antennas can also be used in reception.
  • the two dipoles are fixed at one and the same location of the support part in the axial direction.
  • the antenna element then has radiation characteristics that are suitable for many applications.
  • the radiation produced by the antenna element may have a homogeneous distribution in a horizontal plane, or azimuthal plane.
  • the antenna is omnidirectional parallel to the ground, and the part of the radiation that is emitted in the axial direction corresponds to a quantity of energy lost which is reduced.
  • the radiation produced by the antenna element in the azimuthal plane has a horizontal polarization for all directions of emission contained in this plane.
  • Such antenna elements are widely used, and it is therefore important to have a reliable and economical manufacturing method.
  • the arrangement and supply of electrical signals of the two dipoles at the same location of the support portion, symmetrically, are difficult to achieve.
  • the respective amplitudes and phases of the electrical signals that are transmitted to the two dipoles are different.
  • the antenna element then has an azimuthal radiation pattern that is irregular: the power of radiation that is emitted in different horizontal directions varies. Distortions of the electrical signals transmitted to each of the two dipoles also result from the arrangement of the two dipoles at one and the same location of the support part. The radiation emitted by the antenna element is then degraded accordingly.
  • antenna elements of the same series of manufacture may have variable characteristics.
  • the radiation characteristics of the antenna elements are therefore not systematically reproducible.
  • the power supply circuits of the dipoles are commonly made in the form of tracks arranged above a ground plane.
  • the ground plane reduces the distortions of electrical signals that are transmitted to each dipole during operation of the antenna element.
  • the presence of this ground plane substantially degrades the homogeneity of the radiation pattern in the azimuthal plane.
  • the realization of such a ground plane consumes a large amount of conductive material, which contributes to increase the cost price of the antenna element.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an antenna element of the type considered, for which the disadvantages mentioned above are reduced.
  • each dipole Due to the separation of the respective branches of the two dipoles on the support portion, the arrangement and the power supply of each dipole does not cause congestion vis-à-vis the other dipole.
  • Each dipole can then be connected to the support portion and electrically connected in a simple manner, independently of the other dipole. The manufacture of the antenna element is then simpler and more reliable.
  • the wavelength of the radiation from which the separation distance of the two dipoles along the support portion is determined depends on the operating conditions of the antenna element.
  • a radome disposed around the antenna element generates constraints on the propagation of the radiation in the vicinity of the antenna element. These constraints can modify the wavelength of the radiation for a determined frequency. Such a modification of the wavelength is taken into account to determine the distance between the two dipoles.
  • the antenna element may comprise two identical dipoles.
  • the radiation pattern in an azimuthal plane is then regular, when the support portion is oriented so that the axial direction of the element is vertical.
  • the antenna element is omnidirectional in the azimuthal plane. Very little radiation is emitted by the antenna element in the axial direction.
  • the radiation emitted by the antenna element in the azimuthal plane has a horizontal polarization.
  • the separation distance between the two dipoles along the support portion reduces interactions between the feed circuits of the two dipoles. Thanks to this reduction in interactions, the radiation emitted by the antenna element has few distortions.
  • An antenna element according to the invention can be realized by using the usual antenna manufacturing technologies.
  • the support portion and the dipoles may be made by arranging conductive microstrips or metallized paint tracks on insulating supports, for example plastics.
  • the antenna element can be made from one or more printed circuits, or from cut and assembled sheet metal parts.
  • the power supply circuits of the dipoles are arranged in a plane which contains the axial direction of the antenna and which is oriented at 45 degrees from each dipole. In this way, the distortions of the radiation produced by the antenna which are caused by the power supply circuits of the dipoles are minimal.
  • the power supply circuits of the two dipoles may include power tracks for carrying electrical signals, which are contiguous to ground tracks. Some of these ground tracks may be less than twice as large as the corresponding power tracks. It is therefore possible to replace a continuous ground plane of the power circuits by ground tracks only, which follow the shape of the power tracks. This reduces the amount of conductive material that is needed to make an antenna element. This also makes it possible to limit the influence of the supply circuit on the radiation pattern of the antenna element in the azimuth plane, especially when the supply circuit is made from microstrip.
  • the support portion and the dipoles each comprise respective portions of at least one flat piece cut and folded.
  • Such an embodiment is particularly simple and economical.
  • the invention also proposes an antenna comprising a plurality of antenna elements as described above, in which the support portions respective antenna elements are aligned in a common axial direction.
  • Such an antenna has a transmission power greater than that of a single antenna element, without substantially modifying the distribution and polarization characteristics of the radiation emitted in the azimuthal plane.
  • the antenna is also omnidirectional.
  • the introduction of appropriate phase shifts and amplitude ratios between at least some of the elements that constitute the antenna makes it possible to modify the distribution of radiation outside the azimuthal plane.
  • secondary lobes of radiation concentration outside the azimuth plane can be adapted depending on the application of the antenna.
  • the antenna elements that are associated to form the antenna can be electrically connected, or networked, by taking over the usual technologies of networking antennas.
  • an antenna element 10 comprises a support part 1 and two dipoles 2 and 3.
  • the support part 1 has a rectilinear strip shape whose longitudinal direction, denoted L, determines the axis of the antenna.
  • a plane perpendicular to the direction L is said azimuthal plane.
  • the dipoles 2, 3 comprise respective strips which perpendicularly cut the support part 1 at two places thereof separated by a distance d in the direction L.
  • two band portions of length I respectively 2a, 2b for the dipole 2 and 3a, 3b for the dipole 3
  • the band portions of each dipole form an angle of 45 ° with the band of the support part 1, in an azimuthal plane.
  • the strip portions of the same dipole 2, 3 are parallel to each other, while being perpendicular to those of the other dipole.
  • the distance d between the two dipoles 2, 3 along the support portion 1 is substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the antenna element 10.
  • the operating conditions of the element Antenna 10, and in particular the influence of a radome present around the antenna element, are taken into account in determining the effective value of the wavelength of the radiation.
  • the dipoles 2 and 3 are formed in a known manner from the respective band portions.
  • the length I of each band portion 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b is at least equal to a quarter of a wavelength of the radiation produced by the antenna element 10, taking into account the possible use of a radome.
  • Each dipole portion 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b is connected by electrical supply circuits arranged on the strip of the support portion 1. These supply circuits, not shown, are thus contained in a plane parallel to the direction L and oriented at 45 ° dipoles 2 and 3. In this way, they disturb at least the radiation emitted by the antenna element in the azimuthal plane.
  • a microstrip is used for the dipole supply circuits, for each dipole 2, 3, one of the strip portions of this dipole is electrically connected to the microstrip track, and the other part of band is connected to the mass of the microstrip.
  • the power supply circuits may comprise conductive tracks of one of the following types, mentioned in a nonlimiting manner: conductive microstrip segments bonded to the support part 1, conductive paint lines, metal tracks printed on a resin plate which is incorporated in the support part 1, etc.
  • the conductive tracks of the power supply circuits may have lengths adapted so that a transport of the electrical signals by these tracks generates a phase shift of 90 degrees between the signals transmitted respectively to the dipoles 2 and 3. Since the distance d between the two dipoles 2, 3 along the support portion 1 is substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the antenna element 10, the tracks can have relatively simple shapes. In particular, they may be devoid of meanders.
  • each dipole supply track electrical signals is superimposed on a ground track which has a limited width.
  • feed and mass tracks that are superimposed may have a width difference of 2 to 3 millimeters, the mass track being the widest.
  • FIG. 2a shows an antenna 1000 which consists of two antenna elements 10 and 20, each element 10, 20 being of the type illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the two elements 10 and 20 each have two dipoles 2 and 3, fixed on a support 1 common to both elements.
  • the respective support portions of two antenna elements according to FIG. 1 are connected end to end in the direction L to form the continuous support 1.
  • This support then has a length substantially equal to twice that of a support portion of a single antenna element.
  • Both elements antenna 10 and 20 may have respective symmetrical configurations with respect to a plane perpendicular to the direction L and cutting the medium 1 halfway length.
  • the support 1 may comprise, on one side thereof, a feed connector 11 of the antenna 1000.
  • the connector 11 may be arranged for example between the dipoles 3 belonging respectively to the two antenna elements. 10 and 20.
  • the antenna 1000 may comprise two cut and folded flat parts, referenced A and B.
  • Parts A and B may participate symmetrically in the constitution of each of the elements 10 and 20 of the antenna 1000.
  • the part A, respectively B may comprise a central portion 1a, resp. 1b, and end portions which correspond to the band portions 2a and 3a, resp. 2b and 3b, each antenna element 10, 20.
  • Each end portion of one of the parts A, B therefore extends perpendicular to the central portion of the same room.
  • each piece A, B is bent at 45 degrees between the central portion and each end portion.
  • Each dipole 2 then comprises two end portions which belong respectively to the piece A and to the piece B.
  • each dipole 3 comprises an end portion of the piece A and an end portion of the piece B.
  • the support part of each antenna element 10, 20 comprises a portion of each of the two central portions 1a and 1b, respectively parts A and B.
  • the central portions 1a and 1b are contiguous to each other. another according to the connecting lines indicated in Figure 2b, so that the two parts A and B together constitute the antenna 1000 of Figure 2a.
  • the power supply circuits carried by the part A are intended to carry electrical excitation signals of the antenna elements 10 and 20, and the power supply circuits carried by the part B are intended to be connected to a power supply. electrical ground.
  • the parts A and B may each comprise the connector parts 11a and 11b which together form the connector 11.
  • FIG. 3a is a radiation diagram of such a two-element antenna, in an azimuthal plane perpendicular to the direction L. It is marked in polar coordinates: the angle is the azimuth expressed in degrees, and the distance in the center of the diagram represents the transmission power expressed in decibels with respect to a maximum value of this power, for a given direction in the azimuthal plane . This diagram shows that the power emitted in the azimuth plane is constant at about 4 decibels.
  • Figure 3b is a radiation pattern in a vertical plane including the axial direction L of the antenna.
  • the polar angle of this diagram is the inclination with respect to the direction L, oriented vertically.
  • the distance in the center of the diagram has the same meaning as in Figure 3a.
  • Figure 3b shows that the radiation is mainly emitted in the azimuthal plane, with emission side lobes located approximately 45 degrees from the L direction, and for which the maximum power is approximately 12 to 15 decibels lower than the power emitted in a direction contained in the azimuthal plane.
  • FIG. 4 represents the principle of producing an antenna 1000 with sixteen antenna elements, from two flat pieces cut and folded A and B.
  • the antenna elements are referenced respectively 10, 20, ..., 160
  • the axial direction of the antenna is still denoted L.
  • the antenna elements 10, 20, ..., 160 are distributed in pairs of successive elements in the direction L, each pair being identical to that illustrated in Figure 2b.
  • the respective support portions of two elements of the same pair form a continuous support
  • the antenna with sixteen elements corresponds to an array of eight antennas with two elements each.
  • FIG. 4 also shows connection elements 200 of the antenna 1000.
  • connection elements 200 form the networking of the antenna elements 10, 20,..., 160. They can be integrated into the rooms A and B at the end of the connector parts 11a and 11b.
  • the connection elements 200 may be arranged in the 45-degree plane of the dipoles, which contains the supply circuits of each dipole of the antenna. Such an arrangement minimizes the disturbance of the radiation caused by the connection elements 200.
  • connection elements 200 may comprise portions of conductive microstrips, printed circuit tracks, portions of metallic paint or electrolytic deposits, arranged to network the antenna elements 10, 20, ..., 160. in the case of using microstrips, these are preferably arranged in a single layer. In the case of the use of a printed circuit, it can be double-sided.
  • the antenna elements 10, 20, ..., 160 can be networked by means of metal elements screwed, riveted, welded or crimped.
  • each antenna element may have a different shape, in particular to provide the antenna with increased rigidity.
  • the dipoles can be made by fixing on each support part of the inserts, formed of sheet metal or formed of a printed circuit for example.

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Abstract

The antenna element (10) has two dipoles (2, 3) extending on both sides of a support part (1) and fixed on the support part at a distance (d) between each other. The distance is measured parallel to an axial direction (L) of the element and is equal to a quarter of a wavelength of a radiation emitted by the element. Each dipole has two band parts connected by an electrical supply circuit. The circuit supplies electrical signals to the dipoles in phase quadrature during an operation of the element. An independent claim is also included for an antenna comprising several antenna elements.

Description

La présente invention concerne un élément d'antenne omnidirectionnelle. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un tel élément d'antenne qui est réalisé à partir de dipôles, et qui est adapté pour émettre un rayonnement polarisé horizontalement dans un plan azimutal.The present invention relates to an omnidirectional antenna element. It relates more particularly to such an antenna element which is made from dipoles, and which is adapted to emit horizontally polarized radiation in an azimuthal plane.

L'invention concerne aussi une antenne réseau réalisée à partir de tels éléments d'antenne.The invention also relates to a network antenna made from such antenna elements.

Il est connu qu'un élément d'antenne peut fonctionner en émission et en réception. Même si les caractéristiques des éléments d'antenne et des antennes qui sont décrits par la suite sont citées en référence à un fonctionnement d'émission, il est entendu que ces éléments d'antenne et antennes peuvent aussi être utilisés en réception.It is known that an antenna element can operate in transmission and reception. Although the characteristics of the antenna elements and antennas which are described later are cited with reference to a transmission operation, it is understood that these antenna elements and antennas can also be used in reception.

Un élément d'antenne connu du type considéré comprend :

  • une partie de support qui s'étend selon une direction axiale de l'élément d'antenne ;
  • deux dipôles qui s'étendent chacun à partir de la partie de support et de part et d'autre de celle-ci, perpendiculairement à la direction axiale de l'élément d'antenne et perpendiculairement l'un à l'autre autour de la direction axiale ; et
  • des circuits d'alimentation des deux dipôles, adaptés pour transmettre des signaux électriques.
A known antenna element of the type under consideration comprises:
  • a support portion extending in an axial direction of the antenna element;
  • two dipoles each extending from the support portion and on either side thereof, perpendicular to the axial direction of the antenna element and perpendicular to each other around the axial direction; and
  • power supply circuits of the two dipoles adapted to transmit electrical signals.

Les deux dipôles sont fixés à un même endroit de la partie de support selon la direction axiale. L'élément d'antenne présente alors des caractéristiques de rayonnement qui sont adaptées à de nombreuses applications. En particulier, lorsque la partie de support est orientée de sorte que la direction axiale de l'élément d'antenne est verticale, le rayonnement produit par l'élément d'antenne peut présenter une répartition homogène dans un plan horizontal, ou plan azimutal. Autrement dit, l'antenne est omnidirectionnelle parallèlement au sol, et la partie du rayonnement qui est émise selon la direction axiale correspond à une quantité d'énergie perdue qui est réduite. En outre, le rayonnement produit par l'élément d'antenne dans le plan azimutal présente une polarisation horizontale pour toutes les directions d'émission contenues dans ce plan.The two dipoles are fixed at one and the same location of the support part in the axial direction. The antenna element then has radiation characteristics that are suitable for many applications. In particular, when the support portion is oriented so that the axial direction of the antenna element is vertical, the radiation produced by the antenna element may have a homogeneous distribution in a horizontal plane, or azimuthal plane. In other words, the antenna is omnidirectional parallel to the ground, and the part of the radiation that is emitted in the axial direction corresponds to a quantity of energy lost which is reduced. In addition, the radiation produced by the antenna element in the azimuthal plane has a horizontal polarization for all directions of emission contained in this plane.

De tels éléments d'antenne sont très utilisés, et il importe par conséquent de disposer d'un mode de fabrication fiable et économique.Such antenna elements are widely used, and it is therefore important to have a reliable and economical manufacturing method.

Or la disposition et l'alimentation en signaux électriques des deux dipôles à un même endroit de la partie de support, symétriquement, sont difficiles à réaliser. En général, à cause de la proximité des dipôles et du mode d'assemblage utilisé pour l'élément d'antenne, les amplitudes et les phases respectives des signaux électriques qui sont transmis aux deux dipôles sont différentes. L'élément d'antenne présente alors un diagramme de rayonnement dans le plan azimutal qui est irrégulier : la puissance du rayonnement qui est émis dans des directions horizontales différentes varie. Des distorsions des signaux électriques transmis à chacun des deux dipôles résultent aussi de la disposition des deux dipôles à un même endroit de la partie de support. Le rayonnement émis par l'élément d'antenne est alors dégradé en conséquence.Or the arrangement and supply of electrical signals of the two dipoles at the same location of the support portion, symmetrically, are difficult to achieve. In general, because of the proximity of the dipoles and the method of assembly used for the antenna element, the respective amplitudes and phases of the electrical signals that are transmitted to the two dipoles are different. The antenna element then has an azimuthal radiation pattern that is irregular: the power of radiation that is emitted in different horizontal directions varies. Distortions of the electrical signals transmitted to each of the two dipoles also result from the arrangement of the two dipoles at one and the same location of the support part. The radiation emitted by the antenna element is then degraded accordingly.

En outre, à cause de ces difficultés de disposition et d'alimentation des deux dipôles, des éléments d'antenne d'une même série de fabrication peuvent avoir des caractéristiques variables. Les caractéristiques de rayonnement des éléments d'antenne ne sont donc pas systématiquement reproductibles.In addition, because of these difficulties of arrangement and supply of the two dipoles, antenna elements of the same series of manufacture may have variable characteristics. The radiation characteristics of the antenna elements are therefore not systematically reproducible.

Enfin, les circuits d'alimentation des dipôles sont couramment réalisés sous forme de pistes disposées au dessus d'un plan de masse. Le plan de masse réduit les distorsions des signaux électriques qui sont transmis à chaque dipôle lors d'un fonctionnement de l'élément d'antenne. Or, la présence de ce plan de masse dégrade sensiblement l'homogénéité du diagramme de rayonnement dans le plan azimutal. Par ailleurs, la réalisation d'un tel plan de masse consomme une quantité importante de matériau conducteur, ce qui contribue à augmenter le prix de revient de l'élément d'antenne.Finally, the power supply circuits of the dipoles are commonly made in the form of tracks arranged above a ground plane. The ground plane reduces the distortions of electrical signals that are transmitted to each dipole during operation of the antenna element. However, the presence of this ground plane substantially degrades the homogeneity of the radiation pattern in the azimuthal plane. Furthermore, the realization of such a ground plane consumes a large amount of conductive material, which contributes to increase the cost price of the antenna element.

Un but de la présente invention est donc de proposer un élément d'antenne du type considéré, pour lequel les inconvénients cités ci-dessus sont réduits.An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an antenna element of the type considered, for which the disadvantages mentioned above are reduced.

Pour cela, l'invention propose un élément d'antenne du type précédent, qui présente en outre les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • les deux dipôles sont reliés à la partie de support à distance l'un de l'autre ; cette distance, mesurée parallèlement à la direction axiale de l'élément d'antenne, étant sensiblement égale à un quart d'une longueur d'onde d'un rayonnement émis par l'élément d'antenne ; et
  • les circuits d'alimentation sont adaptés de sorte que les signaux électriques transmis respectivement aux deux dipôles sont en quadrature de phase.
For this, the invention proposes an antenna element of the preceding type, which furthermore has the following characteristics:
  • the two dipoles are connected to the support portion at a distance from each other; this distance, measured parallel to the axial direction of the antenna element, being substantially equal to a quarter of a wavelength of radiation emitted by the antenna element; and
  • the supply circuits are adapted so that the electrical signals transmitted respectively to the two dipoles are in phase quadrature.

Grâce à la séparation des embranchements respectifs des deux dipôles sur la partie de support, la disposition et l'alimentation électrique de chaque dipôle ne provoque pas d'encombrement vis-à-vis de l'autre dipôle. Chaque dipôle peut alors être relié à la partie de support et connecté électriquement de façon simple, indépendamment de l'autre dipôle. La fabrication de l'élément d'antenne est alors plus simple et plus fiable.Due to the separation of the respective branches of the two dipoles on the support portion, the arrangement and the power supply of each dipole does not cause congestion vis-à-vis the other dipole. Each dipole can then be connected to the support portion and electrically connected in a simple manner, independently of the other dipole. The manufacture of the antenna element is then simpler and more reliable.

La longueur d'onde du rayonnement à partir de laquelle est déterminée la distance de séparation des deux dipôles le long de la partie de support dépend des conditions de fonctionnement de l'élément d'antenne. En particulier, un radôme disposé autour de l'élément d'antenne engendre des contraintes sur la propagation du rayonnement à proximité de l'élément d'antenne. Ces contraintes peuvent modifier la longueur d'onde du rayonnement pour une fréquence déterminée. Une telle modification de la longueur d'onde est prise en compte pour déterminer la distance entre les deux dipôles.The wavelength of the radiation from which the separation distance of the two dipoles along the support portion is determined depends on the operating conditions of the antenna element. In particular, a radome disposed around the antenna element generates constraints on the propagation of the radiation in the vicinity of the antenna element. These constraints can modify the wavelength of the radiation for a determined frequency. Such a modification of the wavelength is taken into account to determine the distance between the two dipoles.

L'élément d'antenne peut comprendre deux dipôles identiques. Le diagramme de rayonnement dans un plan azimutal est alors régulier, lorsque la partie de support est orientée de sorte que la direction axiale de l'élément est verticale. Autrement dit, l'élément d'antenne est omnidirectionnel dans le plan azimutal. Très peu de rayonnement est émis par l'élément d'antenne selon la direction axiale. En outre, le rayonnement émis par l'élément d'antenne dans le plan azimutal présente une polarisation horizontale.The antenna element may comprise two identical dipoles. The radiation pattern in an azimuthal plane is then regular, when the support portion is oriented so that the axial direction of the element is vertical. In other words, the antenna element is omnidirectional in the azimuthal plane. Very little radiation is emitted by the antenna element in the axial direction. In addition, the radiation emitted by the antenna element in the azimuthal plane has a horizontal polarization.

Par ailleurs, la distance de séparation entre les deux dipôles le long de la partie de support réduit des interactions entre les circuits d'alimentation des deux dipôles. Grâce à cette réduction des interactions, le rayonnement émis par l'élément d'antenne présente peu de distorsions.Moreover, the separation distance between the two dipoles along the support portion reduces interactions between the feed circuits of the two dipoles. Thanks to this reduction in interactions, the radiation emitted by the antenna element has few distortions.

Un élément d'antenne selon l'invention peut être réalisé en utilisant les technologies usuelles de réalisation d'antenne. En particulier, la partie de support et les dipôles peuvent être réalisés en disposant des microrubans conducteurs ou des pistes de peinture métallisée sur des supports isolants, par exemple en matière plastique. Alternativement, l'élément d'antenne peut être réalisé à partir d'un ou plusieurs circuits imprimés, ou à partir de pièces de tôle découpées et assemblées.An antenna element according to the invention can be realized by using the usual antenna manufacturing technologies. In particular, the support portion and the dipoles may be made by arranging conductive microstrips or metallized paint tracks on insulating supports, for example plastics. Alternatively, the antenna element can be made from one or more printed circuits, or from cut and assembled sheet metal parts.

Avantageusement, les circuits d'alimentation des dipôles sont disposés dans un plan qui contient la direction axiale de l'antenne et qui est orienté à 45 degrés de chaque dipôle. De cette façon, les distorsions du rayonnement produit par l'antenne qui sont provoquées par les circuits d'alimentation des dipôles sont minimales.Advantageously, the power supply circuits of the dipoles are arranged in a plane which contains the axial direction of the antenna and which is oriented at 45 degrees from each dipole. In this way, the distortions of the radiation produced by the antenna which are caused by the power supply circuits of the dipoles are minimal.

En outre, les circuits d'alimentation des deux dipôles peuvent comprendre des pistes d'alimentation destinées à transporter les signaux électriques, qui sont accolées à des pistes de masse. Certaines de ces pistes de masse peuvent être moins de deux fois plus larges que les pistes d'alimentation correspondantes. Il est donc possible de remplacer un plan de masse continu des circuits d'alimentation par des pistes de masse seulement, qui suivent la forme des pistes d'alimentation. Ceci permet de réduire la quantité de matériau conducteur qui est nécessaire pour fabriquer un élément d'antenne. Cela permet également de limiter l'influence du circuit d'alimentation sur le diagramme de rayonnement de l'élément d'antenne dans le plan azimutal, notamment lorsque le circuit d'alimentation est réalisé à partir de microruban.In addition, the power supply circuits of the two dipoles may include power tracks for carrying electrical signals, which are contiguous to ground tracks. Some of these ground tracks may be less than twice as large as the corresponding power tracks. It is therefore possible to replace a continuous ground plane of the power circuits by ground tracks only, which follow the shape of the power tracks. This reduces the amount of conductive material that is needed to make an antenna element. This also makes it possible to limit the influence of the supply circuit on the radiation pattern of the antenna element in the azimuth plane, especially when the supply circuit is made from microstrip.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, la partie de support et les dipôles comprennent chacun des portions respectives d'au moins une pièce plane découpée et pliée. Un tel mode de réalisation est particulièrement simple et économique.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the support portion and the dipoles each comprise respective portions of at least one flat piece cut and folded. Such an embodiment is particularly simple and economical.

L'invention propose aussi une antenne comprenant plusieurs éléments d'antenne tels que décrits précédemment, dans laquelle les parties de support respectives des éléments d'antenne sont alignées selon une direction axiale commune. Une telle antenne présente une puissance d'émission supérieure à celle d'un élément d'antenne unique, sans modifier sensiblement les caractéristiques de répartition et de polarisation du rayonnement émis dans le plan azimutal. Autrement dit, l'antenne est aussi omnidirectionnelle.The invention also proposes an antenna comprising a plurality of antenna elements as described above, in which the support portions respective antenna elements are aligned in a common axial direction. Such an antenna has a transmission power greater than that of a single antenna element, without substantially modifying the distribution and polarization characteristics of the radiation emitted in the azimuthal plane. In other words, the antenna is also omnidirectional.

En outre, l'introduction de déphasages et de rapports d'amplitude adéquats entre certains au moins des éléments qui constituent l'antenne permet de modifier la répartition du rayonnement en dehors du plan azimutal. En particulier, des lobes secondaires de concentration du rayonnement en dehors du plan azimutal peuvent être adaptés en fonction de l'application de l'antenne.In addition, the introduction of appropriate phase shifts and amplitude ratios between at least some of the elements that constitute the antenna makes it possible to modify the distribution of radiation outside the azimuthal plane. In particular, secondary lobes of radiation concentration outside the azimuth plane can be adapted depending on the application of the antenna.

De façon avantageuse, les éléments d'antenne qui sont associés pour former l'antenne peuvent être connectés électriquement, ou mis en réseau, en reprenant les technologies usuelles de mise en réseau d'antennes.Advantageously, the antenna elements that are associated to form the antenna can be electrically connected, or networked, by taking over the usual technologies of networking antennas.

D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront dans la description ci-après d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un élément d'antenne selon l'invention;
  • la figure 2a est une vue en perspective d'une antenne comprenant deux éléments conformes à la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 2b illustre un mode de réalisation particulier d'une antenne conforme à la figure 2a ;
  • les figures 3a et 3b sont deux diagrammes de rayonnement d'une antenne conforme à la figure 2a ; et
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective illustrant un mode de réalisation particulier d'une antenne comprenant seize éléments.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following description of nonlimiting exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an antenna element according to the invention;
  • Figure 2a is a perspective view of an antenna comprising two elements according to Figure 1;
  • FIG. 2b illustrates a particular embodiment of an antenna according to FIG. 2a;
  • Figures 3a and 3b are two radiation patterns of an antenna according to Figure 2a; and
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view illustrating a particular embodiment of an antenna comprising sixteen elements.

Pour raison de clarté, les dimensions des parties d'antenne représentées sur ces figures ne sont pas en proportion avec leurs dimensions réelles. En outre, des références identiques sur des figures différentes désignent des éléments identiques, ou qui ont des fonctions identiques.For reasons of clarity, the dimensions of the antenna portions shown in these figures are not in proportion to their actual dimensions. In addition, identical references in different figures designate identical elements, or which have identical functions.

Conformément à la figure 1, un élément d'antenne 10 comprend une partie de support 1 et deux dipôles 2 et 3. La partie de support 1 a une forme de bande rectiligne dont la direction longitudinale, notée L, détermine l'axe de l'élément d'antenne 10. Un plan perpendiculaire à la direction L est dit plan azimutal. Les dipôles 2, 3 comprennent des bandes respectives qui coupent perpendiculairement la partie de support 1 en deux endroits de celle-ci séparés d'une distance d selon la direction L. Pour chaque dipôle, deux parties de bande de longueur I, respectivement 2a, 2b pour le dipôle 2 et 3a, 3b pour le dipôle 3, s'étendent dans des directions opposées de part et d'autre de la partie de support 1. En outre, les parties de bande de chaque dipôle forment un angle de 45° avec la bande de la partie de support 1, dans un plan azimutal. De cette façon, les parties de bande d'un même dipôle 2, 3 sont parallèles entre elles, tout en étant perpendiculaires à celles de l'autre dipôle.According to FIG. 1, an antenna element 10 comprises a support part 1 and two dipoles 2 and 3. The support part 1 has a rectilinear strip shape whose longitudinal direction, denoted L, determines the axis of the antenna. antenna element 10. A plane perpendicular to the direction L is said azimuthal plane. The dipoles 2, 3 comprise respective strips which perpendicularly cut the support part 1 at two places thereof separated by a distance d in the direction L. For each dipole, two band portions of length I, respectively 2a, 2b for the dipole 2 and 3a, 3b for the dipole 3, extend in opposite directions on either side of the support portion 1. In addition, the band portions of each dipole form an angle of 45 ° with the band of the support part 1, in an azimuthal plane. In this way, the strip portions of the same dipole 2, 3 are parallel to each other, while being perpendicular to those of the other dipole.

La distance d entre les deux dipôles 2, 3 le long de partie de support 1 est sensiblement égale à un quart de la longueur d'onde du rayonnement émis par l'élément d'antenne 10. Les conditions de fonctionnement de l'élément d'antenne 10, et en particulier l'influence d'un radôme présent autour de l'élément d'antenne, sont prises en considération pour déterminer la valeur effective de la longueur d'onde du rayonnement.The distance d between the two dipoles 2, 3 along the support portion 1 is substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the antenna element 10. The operating conditions of the element Antenna 10, and in particular the influence of a radome present around the antenna element, are taken into account in determining the effective value of the wavelength of the radiation.

Les dipôles 2 et 3 sont formés de façon connue à partir des parties de bandes respectives. En particulier, la longueur I de chaque partie de bande 2a, 2b, 3a et 3b est au moins égale à un quart d'une longueur d'onde du rayonnement produit par l'élément d'antenne 10, en tenant compte de l'utilisation éventuelle d'un radôme.The dipoles 2 and 3 are formed in a known manner from the respective band portions. In particular, the length I of each band portion 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b is at least equal to a quarter of a wavelength of the radiation produced by the antenna element 10, taking into account the possible use of a radome.

Chaque partie de dipôle 2a, 2b, 3a et 3b est reliée par des circuits d'alimentation électriques disposés sur la bande de la partie de support 1. Ces circuits d'alimentation, non représentés, sont ainsi contenus dans un plan parallèle à la direction L et orienté à 45° des dipôles 2 et 3. De cette façon, ils perturbent au minimum le rayonnement émis par l'élément d'antenne dans le plan azimutal. Lorsqu'un microruban est utilisé pour les circuits d'alimentation des dipôles, pour chaque dipôle 2, 3, l'une des parties de bande de ce dipôle est connectée électriquement à la piste du microruban, et l'autre partie de bande est connectée à la masse du microruban.Each dipole portion 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b is connected by electrical supply circuits arranged on the strip of the support portion 1. These supply circuits, not shown, are thus contained in a plane parallel to the direction L and oriented at 45 ° dipoles 2 and 3. In this way, they disturb at least the radiation emitted by the antenna element in the azimuthal plane. When a microstrip is used for the dipole supply circuits, for each dipole 2, 3, one of the strip portions of this dipole is electrically connected to the microstrip track, and the other part of band is connected to the mass of the microstrip.

Les circuits d'alimentation peuvent comprendre des pistes conductrices de l'un des types suivants, cités de façon non-limitative : segments de microruban conducteur collés sur la partie de support 1, lignes de peinture conductrice, pistes métalliques imprimées sur une plaque de résine qui est incorporée dans la partie de support 1, etc.The power supply circuits may comprise conductive tracks of one of the following types, mentioned in a nonlimiting manner: conductive microstrip segments bonded to the support part 1, conductive paint lines, metal tracks printed on a resin plate which is incorporated in the support part 1, etc.

Ces circuits transmettent respectivement aux dipôles 2 et 3 des signaux électriques en quadrature de phase. Pour cela, les pistes conductrices des circuits d'alimentation peuvent avoir des longueurs adaptées de sorte qu'un transport des signaux électriques par ces pistes engendre un déphasage de 90 degrés entre les signaux transmis respectivement aux dipôles 2 et 3. Etant donné que la distance d entre les deux dipôles 2, 3 le long de la partie de support 1 est sensiblement égale à un quart de la longueur d'onde du rayonnement émis par l'élément d'antenne 10, les pistes peuvent avoir des formes relativement simples. En particulier, elles peuvent être dépourvues de méandres.These circuits transmit respectively to the dipoles 2 and 3 electrical signals in phase quadrature. For this, the conductive tracks of the power supply circuits may have lengths adapted so that a transport of the electrical signals by these tracks generates a phase shift of 90 degrees between the signals transmitted respectively to the dipoles 2 and 3. Since the distance d between the two dipoles 2, 3 along the support portion 1 is substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the antenna element 10, the tracks can have relatively simple shapes. In particular, they may be devoid of meanders.

Les inventeurs ont constaté qu'un tel élément d'antenne ne nécessite pas de plan de masse continu, pour éviter que les signaux électriques transportés par les pistes ne perturbent le rayonnement émis. En effet, un fonctionnement satisfaisant de l'antenne est obtenu lorsque chaque piste d'alimentation des dipôles en signaux électriques est superposée à une piste de masse qui a une largeur limitée. Par exemple, des pistes d'alimentation et de masse qui sont superposées peuvent avoir une différence de largeur de 2 à 3 millimètres, la piste de masse étant la plus large.The inventors have found that such an antenna element does not require a continuous ground plane, to prevent electrical signals transported by the tracks from disturbing the emitted radiation. Indeed, a satisfactory operation of the antenna is obtained when each dipole supply track electrical signals is superimposed on a ground track which has a limited width. For example, feed and mass tracks that are superimposed may have a width difference of 2 to 3 millimeters, the mass track being the widest.

La figure 2a représente une antenne 1000 qui est constituée de deux éléments d'antenne 10 et 20, chaque élément 10, 20 étant du type illustré par la figure 1. Les deux éléments 10 et 20 possèdent chacun deux dipôles 2 et 3, fixés sur un support 1 commun aux deux éléments. Autrement dit, les parties de support respectives de deux éléments d'antenne conformes à la figure 1 sont connectées bout à bout selon la direction L pour former le support continu 1. Ce support possède alors une longueur sensiblement égale à deux fois celle d'une partie de support d'un élément d'antenne unique. Les deux éléments d'antenne 10 et 20 peuvent avoir des configurations respectives symétriques par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire à la direction L et coupant le support 1 à mi-longueur. En outre, le support 1 peut comporter, sur un côté de celui-ci, un raccord d'alimentation 11 de l'antenne 1000. Le raccord 11 peut être disposé par exemple, entre les dipôles 3 appartenant respectivement aux deux éléments d'antenne 10 et 20.FIG. 2a shows an antenna 1000 which consists of two antenna elements 10 and 20, each element 10, 20 being of the type illustrated in FIG. 1. The two elements 10 and 20 each have two dipoles 2 and 3, fixed on a support 1 common to both elements. In other words, the respective support portions of two antenna elements according to FIG. 1 are connected end to end in the direction L to form the continuous support 1. This support then has a length substantially equal to twice that of a support portion of a single antenna element. Both elements antenna 10 and 20 may have respective symmetrical configurations with respect to a plane perpendicular to the direction L and cutting the medium 1 halfway length. In addition, the support 1 may comprise, on one side thereof, a feed connector 11 of the antenna 1000. The connector 11 may be arranged for example between the dipoles 3 belonging respectively to the two antenna elements. 10 and 20.

Conformément à la figure 2b, l'antenne 1000 peut comprendre deux pièces planes découpées et pliées, référencées A et B. Les pièces A et B peuvent participer de façon symétrique à la constitution de chacun des éléments 10 et 20 de l'antenne 1000. Pour cela, la pièce A, respectivement B, peut comprendre une portion centrale 1 a, resp. 1 b, et des portions d'extrémité qui correspondent aux parties de bande 2a et 3a, resp. 2b et 3b, de chaque élément d'antenne 10, 20. Chaque portion d'extrémité de l'une des pièces A, B s'étend donc perpendiculairement à la portion centrale de la même pièce. En outre, chaque pièce A, B est pliée à 45 degrés entre la portion centrale et chaque portion d'extrémité. Chaque dipôle 2 comprend alors deux portions d'extrémité qui appartiennent respectivement à la pièce A et à la pièce B. De même, chaque dipôle 3 comprend une portion d'extrémité de la pièce A et une portion d'extrémité de la pièce B. Enfin, la partie de support de chaque élément d'antenne 10, 20 comprend une partie de chacune des deux portions centrales 1 a et 1b, respectivement des pièces A et B. Les portions centrales 1 a et 1b sont accolées l'une à l'autre selon les traits d'assemblage indiqués sur la figure 2b, de sorte que les deux pièces A et B constituent ensemble l'antenne 1000 de la figure 2a.According to FIG. 2b, the antenna 1000 may comprise two cut and folded flat parts, referenced A and B. Parts A and B may participate symmetrically in the constitution of each of the elements 10 and 20 of the antenna 1000. For this, the part A, respectively B, may comprise a central portion 1a, resp. 1b, and end portions which correspond to the band portions 2a and 3a, resp. 2b and 3b, each antenna element 10, 20. Each end portion of one of the parts A, B therefore extends perpendicular to the central portion of the same room. In addition, each piece A, B is bent at 45 degrees between the central portion and each end portion. Each dipole 2 then comprises two end portions which belong respectively to the piece A and to the piece B. Likewise, each dipole 3 comprises an end portion of the piece A and an end portion of the piece B. Finally, the support part of each antenna element 10, 20 comprises a portion of each of the two central portions 1a and 1b, respectively parts A and B. The central portions 1a and 1b are contiguous to each other. another according to the connecting lines indicated in Figure 2b, so that the two parts A and B together constitute the antenna 1000 of Figure 2a.

Par exemple, les circuits d'alimentation portés par la pièce A sont destinés à transporter des signaux électriques d'excitation des éléments d'antenne 10 et 20, et les circuits d'alimentation portés par la pièce B sont destinés à être connectés à une masse électrique. A cette fin, les pièces A et B peuvent comporter chacune des parties de raccords 11 a et 11 b qui forment conjointement le raccord 11.For example, the power supply circuits carried by the part A are intended to carry electrical excitation signals of the antenna elements 10 and 20, and the power supply circuits carried by the part B are intended to be connected to a power supply. electrical ground. To this end, the parts A and B may each comprise the connector parts 11a and 11b which together form the connector 11.

La figure 3a est un diagramme de rayonnement d'une telle antenne à deux éléments, dans un plan azimutal perpendiculaire à la direction L. Il est repéré en coordonnées polaires : l'angle est l'azimut exprimé en degrés, et la distance au centre du diagramme représente la puissance d'émission exprimée en décibels par rapport à une valeur maximale de cette puissance, pour une direction donnée dans le plan azimutal. Ce diagramme montre que la puissance émise dans le plan azimutal est constante à environ 4 décibels près.FIG. 3a is a radiation diagram of such a two-element antenna, in an azimuthal plane perpendicular to the direction L. It is marked in polar coordinates: the angle is the azimuth expressed in degrees, and the distance in the center of the diagram represents the transmission power expressed in decibels with respect to a maximum value of this power, for a given direction in the azimuthal plane . This diagram shows that the power emitted in the azimuth plane is constant at about 4 decibels.

La figure 3b est un diagramme de rayonnement dans un plan vertical comprenant la direction axiale L de l'antenne. L'angle polaire de ce diagramme est l'inclinaison par rapport à la direction L, orientée verticalement. La distance au centre du diagramme a la même signification que pour la figure 3a. La figure 3b montre que le rayonnement est principalement émis dans le plan azimutal, avec des lobes secondaires d'émission situés à environ 45 degrés de la direction L, et pour lesquels la puissance maximale est inférieure de 12 à 15 décibels environ à la puissance émise dans une direction contenue dans le plan azimutal.Figure 3b is a radiation pattern in a vertical plane including the axial direction L of the antenna. The polar angle of this diagram is the inclination with respect to the direction L, oriented vertically. The distance in the center of the diagram has the same meaning as in Figure 3a. Figure 3b shows that the radiation is mainly emitted in the azimuthal plane, with emission side lobes located approximately 45 degrees from the L direction, and for which the maximum power is approximately 12 to 15 decibels lower than the power emitted in a direction contained in the azimuthal plane.

La figure 4 représente le principe de réalisation d'une antenne 1000 à seize éléments d'antenne, à partir de deux pièces plates découpées et pliées A et B. Les éléments d'antenne sont référencés respectivement 10, 20,..., 160. La direction axiale de l'antenne est encore notée L. Dans une telle antenne, les éléments d'antenne 10, 20,..., 160 sont répartis par paires d'éléments successifs selon la direction L, chaque paire étant identique à celle illustrée par la figure 2b. Ainsi, les parties de support respectives de deux éléments d'une même paire forment un support continu, et l'antenne à seize éléments correspond à une mise en réseau de huit antennes à deux éléments chacune.FIG. 4 represents the principle of producing an antenna 1000 with sixteen antenna elements, from two flat pieces cut and folded A and B. The antenna elements are referenced respectively 10, 20, ..., 160 The axial direction of the antenna is still denoted L. In such an antenna, the antenna elements 10, 20, ..., 160 are distributed in pairs of successive elements in the direction L, each pair being identical to that illustrated in Figure 2b. Thus, the respective support portions of two elements of the same pair form a continuous support, and the antenna with sixteen elements corresponds to an array of eight antennas with two elements each.

La figure 4 montre aussi des éléments de connexion 200 de l'antenne 1000. Ces éléments de connexion 200 constituent la mise en réseau des éléments d'antennes 10, 20,..., 160. Ils peuvent être intégrés dans les pièces A et B à l'extrémité des parties de raccords 11 a et 11 b. En particulier, les éléments de connexion 200 peuvent être disposés dans le plan orienté à 45 degrés des dipôles, qui contient les circuits d'alimentation de chaque dipôle de l'antenne. Une telle disposition minimise la perturbation du rayonnement provoquée par les éléments de connexions 200.FIG. 4 also shows connection elements 200 of the antenna 1000. These connection elements 200 form the networking of the antenna elements 10, 20,..., 160. They can be integrated into the rooms A and B at the end of the connector parts 11a and 11b. In particular, the connection elements 200 may be arranged in the 45-degree plane of the dipoles, which contains the supply circuits of each dipole of the antenna. Such an arrangement minimizes the disturbance of the radiation caused by the connection elements 200.

Les éléments de connexion 200 peuvent comprendre des portions de microrubans conducteurs, des pistes de circuit imprimé, des portions de peinture métallisée ou de dépôts électrolytiques, agencées pour mettre en réseau les éléments d'antenne 10, 20,..., 160. Dans le cas d'une utilisation de microrubans, ceux-ci sont préférablement disposés en une couche unique. Dans le cas de l'utilisation d'un circuit imprimé, celui-ci peut être à double face. Alternativement, les éléments d'antenne 10, 20,..., 160 peuvent être mis en réseau au moyen d'éléments métalliques vissés, rivetés, soudés ou sertis.The connection elements 200 may comprise portions of conductive microstrips, printed circuit tracks, portions of metallic paint or electrolytic deposits, arranged to network the antenna elements 10, 20, ..., 160. in the case of using microstrips, these are preferably arranged in a single layer. In the case of the use of a printed circuit, it can be double-sided. Alternatively, the antenna elements 10, 20, ..., 160 can be networked by means of metal elements screwed, riveted, welded or crimped.

Il est entendu que les exemples de réalisation d'antennes qui ont été décrits ci-dessus peuvent être modifiés tout en conservant certains au moins des avantages de l'invention. En particulier, la partie de support de chaque élément d'antenne peut avoir une forme différente, notamment pour procurer à l'antenne une rigidité accrue. De même, les dipôles peuvent être réalisés en fixant sur chaque partie de support des pièces rapportées, formées en tôle ou constituées d'un circuit imprimé par exemple.It is understood that the exemplary embodiments of antennas that have been described above can be modified while retaining at least some of the advantages of the invention. In particular, the support portion of each antenna element may have a different shape, in particular to provide the antenna with increased rigidity. Similarly, the dipoles can be made by fixing on each support part of the inserts, formed of sheet metal or formed of a printed circuit for example.

Claims (12)

Elément d'antenne (10) comprenant : - un partie de support (1) s'étendant selon une direction axiale de l'élément d'antenne (L) ; - deux dipôles (2, 3) s'étendant chacun à partir de et de part et d'autre de la partie de support (1), perpendiculairement à la direction axiale de l'élément d'antenne (L) et perpendiculairement l'un à l'autre autour de ladite direction axiale ; et - des circuits d'alimentation des deux dipôles, adaptés pour transmettre des signaux électriques, l'élément d'antenne étant caractérisé en ce que: - les deux dipôles (2, 3) sont reliés à la partie de support (1) à distance l'un de l'autre ; ladite distance (d), mesurée parallèlement à la direction axiale de l'élément d'antenne (L), étant sensiblement égale à un quart d'une longueur d'onde d'un rayonnement émis par l'élément d'antenne (10) ; et - les circuits d'alimentation sont adaptés de sorte que les signaux électriques transmis respectivement aux deux dipôles (2, 3) lors d'un fonctionnement de l'élément d'antenne sont en quadrature de phase. Antenna element (10) comprising: a support portion (1) extending in an axial direction of the antenna element (L); - two dipoles (2, 3) each extending from and on either side of the support portion (1), perpendicular to the axial direction of the antenna element (L) and perpendicularly to the one to the other around said axial direction; and - Power supply circuits of the two dipoles, adapted to transmit electrical signals, the antenna element being characterized in that : the two dipoles (2, 3) are connected to the support part (1) at a distance from one another; said distance (d), measured parallel to the axial direction of the antenna element (L), being substantially equal to a quarter of a wavelength of radiation emitted by the antenna element (10); ); and the supply circuits are adapted so that the electrical signals transmitted respectively to the two dipoles (2, 3) during operation of the antenna element are in phase quadrature. Elément d'antenne selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les circuits d'alimentation comprennent des pistes conductrices ayant des longueurs adaptées de sorte qu'un transport des signaux électriques par lesdites pistes engendre un déphasage de 90 degrés entre les signaux transmis respectivement aux deux dipôles (2, 3).Antenna element according to claim 1, wherein the power supply circuits comprise conductive tracks having lengths adapted so that a transport of the electrical signals by said tracks generates a phase shift of 90 degrees between the signals transmitted respectively to the two dipoles (2, 3). Elément d'antenne selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel les circuits d'alimentation des dipôles sont disposés dans un plan contenant la direction axiale de l'antenne (L) et orienté à 45 degrés de chaque dipôle (2, 3).Antenna element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dipole supply circuits are arranged in a plane containing the axial direction of the antenna (L) and oriented at 45 degrees of each dipole (2, 3). Elément d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les circuits d'alimentation des dipôles (2, 3) comprennent des pistes d'alimentation destinées à transporter les signaux électriques, certaines desdites pistes d'alimentation étant accolées à des pistes de masse moins de deux fois plus larges que les pistes d'alimentation correspondantes.Antenna element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the dipole supply circuits (2, 3) comprise supply tracks for carrying electrical signals, some of said supply tracks being contiguous with mass tracks less than twice as wide as the corresponding power tracks. Elément d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la partie de support (1) et les dipôles (2, 3) comprennent chacun des portions respectives d'au moins une pièce plane découpée et pliée.Antenna element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the support portion (1) and the dipoles (2, 3) each comprise respective portions of at least one cut and folded flat piece. Elément d'antenne selon la revendication 5, comprenant deux pièces planes découpées et pliées (A, B), chaque pièce (A, B) comprenant une portion centrale (1a, 1 b) et deux portions d'extrémité (2a, 2b, 3a, 3b) s'étendant perpendiculairement à la portion centrale, chaque pièce (A, B) étant pliée à 45 degrés entre la portion centrale et chaque portion d'extrémité, dans lequel chaque dipôle (2, 3) comprend deux portions d'extrémité appartenant respectivement à l'une et l'autre pièces, et dans lequel la partie de support (1) comprend les portions centrales des deux pièces, accolées l'une à l'autre.Antenna element according to claim 5, comprising two cut and folded flat pieces (A, B), each piece (A, B) comprising a central portion (1a, 1b) and two end portions (2a, 2b, 3a, 3b) extending perpendicular to the central portion, each piece (A, B) being folded at 45 degrees between the central portion and each end portion, wherein each dipole (2, 3) comprises two portions of end respectively belonging to one and the other parts, and wherein the support portion (1) comprises the central portions of the two parts, contiguous to one another. Elément d'antenne selon la revendication 6, dans lequel les circuits d'alimentation portés par l'une des deux pièces (A) sont destinés à transporter des signaux électriques d'excitation de l'élément d'antenne, et les circuits d'alimentation portés par l'autre des deux pièces (B) sont destinés à être connectés à une masse électrique.Antenna element according to claim 6, wherein the power supply circuits carried by one of the two parts (A) are intended to carry electrical signals of excitation of the antenna element, and the circuits of power carried by the other of the two parts (B) are intended to be connected to an electrical ground. Antenne (1000) comprenant plusieurs éléments d'antenne (10, 20,..., 160) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle les parties de support respectives des éléments d'antenne (1) sont alignées selon une direction axiale commune (L).Antenna (1000) comprising a plurality of antenna elements (10, 20, ..., 160) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the respective support portions of the antenna elements (1) are aligned according to a common axial direction (L). Antenne selon la revendication 8, comprenant seize éléments d'antenne (10, 20,..., 160).Antenna according to claim 8, comprising sixteen antenna elements (10, 20, ..., 160). Antenne selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans laquelle les éléments d'antenne (10, 20,..., 160) sont répartis par paires d'éléments successifs selon la direction axiale (L), et dans laquelle les parties de support respectives de deux éléments d'une même paire forment un support continu.Antenna according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the antenna elements (10, 20, ..., 160) are distributed in pairs of successive elements in the axial direction (L), and in which the respective support portions two elements of the same pair form a continuous support. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, comprenant en outre des portions de microrubans conducteurs, des pistes de circuit imprimé, des portions de peinture métallisée ou de dépôts électrolytiques, agencées pour mettre en réseau les éléments d'antenne (10, 20,..., 160).Antenna according to any one of claims 8 to 10, further comprising portions of conductive microstrips, printed circuit tracks, portions of metallic paint or electrolytic deposits arranged to network the antenna elements (10, 20, ..., 160). Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, comprenant en outre des éléments métalliques vissés, rivetés, soudés ou sertis, agencés pour mettre en réseau les éléments d'antenne (10, 20,..., 160).Antenna according to any of claims 8 to 10, further comprising screwed, riveted, welded or crimped metal elements arranged to network the antenna elements (10, 20, ..., 160).
EP05291368A 2005-06-24 2005-06-24 Omnidirectional antenna element Withdrawn EP1739790A1 (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2298449A (en) * 1941-11-08 1942-10-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna
US2512511A (en) * 1946-12-20 1950-06-20 Pye Ltd Radio antenna
EP1152487A1 (en) * 2000-04-20 2001-11-07 Alcatel Monolithic antenna with orthogonal polarisation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2298449A (en) * 1941-11-08 1942-10-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna
US2512511A (en) * 1946-12-20 1950-06-20 Pye Ltd Radio antenna
EP1152487A1 (en) * 2000-04-20 2001-11-07 Alcatel Monolithic antenna with orthogonal polarisation

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