EP1739194B1 - Method of supersonic injection of an oxidationagent in a melting furnace - Google Patents
Method of supersonic injection of an oxidationagent in a melting furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1739194B1 EP1739194B1 EP06116219A EP06116219A EP1739194B1 EP 1739194 B1 EP1739194 B1 EP 1739194B1 EP 06116219 A EP06116219 A EP 06116219A EP 06116219 A EP06116219 A EP 06116219A EP 1739194 B1 EP1739194 B1 EP 1739194B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- injectors
- ultrasound
- oxidizing agent
- injecting
- supplied
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000003797 telogen phase Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/02—Making special pig-iron, e.g. by applying additives, e.g. oxides of other metals
- C21B5/023—Injection of the additives into the melting part
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/02—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in low shaft furnaces or shaft furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a melting furnace in which feedstocks, fuel, and at least one oxidizing agent are fed to a melting zone, wherein the oxidizing agent is injected into the melting zone by means of a plurality of injectors arranged at preferably equal angular intervals around the circumference of the melting furnace the injection takes place at least in one process section by a chronological sequence of flow and rest phases (pulses) of the individual injectors.
- the total duration of the flow phases is varied by changing the ratio of the periods from flow phase to resting phase as well as the pulse frequency;
- the duration of the flow phases is between 50% and 99% of the duration of the entire process section.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method by means of which the melting operation in a melting furnace, in particular in a shaft furnace, which is equipped with several injectors for injecting an oxidant at supersonic speed, well dosed and uniform.
- This object is achieved on the basis of the method described above according to the invention in that the ratio of the flow and resting phase of the injectors and the number of injectors injecting with ultrasound is varied in such a way depending on a predetermined or continuously determined quantity of oxidizing agent to be supplied according to a predetermined program a steady course of the quantity of oxidizing agent supplied with ultrasound and a flow pattern substantially uniformly covering the melting zone are achieved.
- the supply of the oxidizing agent, which is introduced with ultrasound into the molten zone is controlled according to a program. If the amount of the total amount of oxidant to be supplied with ultrasound falls below a value set by the program, one or more injectors will be switched off, with a "disconnected" injector, as understood here, not supplying the smelting furnace with any oxidizing agent or oxidizing agent at subsonic speed.
- one or more injectors are then "switched on", ie they now supply oxidizing agents with ultrasound.
- the course of the amount of oxidant supplied with ultrasound should be continuous, ie. simultaneously with the change in the number of ultrasonically injecting injectors, the oxidant supply should be adjusted via the injectors injecting thereafter with ultrasound via a corresponding change in the ratio of flow and quiescent phase such that the total amount of oxidant supplied with ultrasound corresponds to that required for that time.
- a uniform flow pattern covering the melting zone is to be achieved, i. the ultrasonically injecting injectors are each arranged on the furnace so that a uniform loading of the molten zone is ensured with oxidizing agent.
- the term "effective duration of the flow phases" or "effective duration of the rest phases” should be understood to mean the total duration possibly distributed over one or more pulses during which the injector is open, ie in flow phase, or closed, ie in rest phase.
- the oxidant is injected at supersonic velocity into the melt zone, and during a quiescent phase, injection is throttled to a velocity below supersonic velocity or shut off altogether.
- the range of adjustment of the amount of oxidant injected into the molten zone is between zero (at zero flow duration) and the maximum amount of exhaust of all injectors used (full load operation of all injectors and zero duration of the dwell phase).
- the amount of oxidant injected into the molten zone with ultrasound varies widely.
- Formula (1) therefore provides a good basis for automated control of the injectors.
- the per unit of time to be supplied with ultrasound amount of oxidant can be determined by means of a computer program, the number of connected injectors and the effective duration of the flow and rest phases.
- empirically recorded values can be included on the optimal for the respective setting pulse rate and possibly an optimized sequence of different pulses and on and the optimal working range of the injectors used.
- the oxidant flow is influenced very accurately, without affecting the ultrasound injection. Too long periods of rest, during which no oxidizing agent is injected with ultrasound, are avoided as well as a non-uniform application of the melting zone.
- the emission of pollutants such as NO x and CO is significantly reduced.
- the consumption of materials in the furnace, as well as the consumption of fuels, coke and electrical energy can be reduced.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for melting processes in which a melting zone is produced by burning a fuel with an oxidizing agent in a melting furnace in which a feedstock is melted.
- the shaft furnaces come into question, especially cupolas, such as hot blast. Warm wind, cold wind, secondary wind, long-term, or rotary kilns.
- the feed is added to the furnace, for example, in the form of steel scrap, cast broke, pig iron or chips. It also uses non-metallic aggregates such as coke, silicon carbide, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, lime and gravel.
- the oxidizing agent is preferably oxygen.
- a further oxidizing agent for example air, can be introduced into the melting zone in a time-constant or likewise pulsating manner.
- the supply of oxidant is controlled such that when the difference between the maximum possible power of all ultrasonically injecting injectors and the amount of oxidant to be supplied to ultrasound corresponds to the maximum power of a single injector, the number of ultrasonically injecting injectors decreases by one and then, when the amount of oxidant to be supplied with ultrasound exceeds the maximum possible power of all injectors injecting ultrasound, the number of injectors injecting ultrasound is increased by one, with the amount of oxidant to be supplied by ultrasound injection then being uniformly distributed to the ultrasonically injecting injectors. At full load, all injectors of the melting furnace work in continuous operation.
- all the injectors When it is necessary to reduce the supply of ultrasonically oxidized oxidant, all the injectors initially go into pulsed operation, ie, all the injectors will operate in a flow-phase and quiescent-sequence sequence, as in FIG EP 1 242 781 B1 described method, wherein the total supplied with ultrasound amount of oxidizing agent is adjusted by changing the ratio of flow and rest phase.
- the lower the need for oxidizing agent the longer the duration of the rest periods of the injectors. If the demand drops such that the sum of the rest phases of all injectors overall corresponds to the maximum output of a single injector, one of the injectors is switched off.
- the total flow of the ultrasonically injected oxidant is distributed evenly to the connected injectors, ie the remaining connected injectors operate initially at full load, and go into the pulse-wise operation, as soon as the demand is further reduced. The same applies to an increase in demand.
- the shutdown is such that the remaining connected injectors are evenly distributed around the circumference of the furnace.
- the injectors are operated asymmetrically on the furnace and after a not too long time a change of the connected injectors takes place.
- the goal is in any case to apply the molten zone of the furnace as evenly as possible with oxygen.
- the regulation of the oxygen supply is carried out as follows: In the Voillast stipulate the supply takes place via all injectors. With a reduction in oxygen demand, the injectors go into pulse-wise operation, i. the supply of oxygen takes place in these lances at discrete time intervals in the form of a sequence of flow phase and resting phase, the duration of which results from the respective oxygen requirement. The lower the oxygen requirement, the longer the duration of the rest periods of the injectors. In order to make the oxygen supply as uniform as possible, the injectors are driven alternately in pulses of different lengths, but care is taken that the injection always takes place substantially symmetrically to the central axis of the furnace.
- the oxygen demand is reduced by a value corresponding to the performance of an injector - or an integer multiple thereof - one or more injectors are switched off, the deactivation taking place in such a way that the still connected injectors act as uniformly as possible on the melting zone of the shaft furnace ,
- the resting phases of the connected injectors accordingly to make sure a steady transition of Oxidationsffenmengenzuschreib.
- the connected injectors are operated in the same way as described above. In this operating state, it is expedient to control the connected injectors alternately.
- the injectors switched off during the described method step are preferably switched on in subsequent method steps or during the melting of a subsequent batch, so that in each case a change of zuzugateden injectors takes place.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schmelzofens, bei dem Einsatzstoffe, Brennstoff, und wenigstens ein Oxidationsmittel einer Schmelzzone zugeführt werden, wobei das Oxidationsmittel mittels mehrerer, um den Umfang des Schmelzofens in vorzugsweise gleichen Winkelabständen angeordneter Injektoren mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit in die Schmelzzone eingedüst wird und das Eindüsen zumindest in einem Verfahrensabschnitt durch eine zeitliche Abfolge von Fließ- und Ruhephasen (Pulse) der einzelnen Injektoren erfolgt.The invention relates to a method for operating a melting furnace in which feedstocks, fuel, and at least one oxidizing agent are fed to a melting zone, wherein the oxidizing agent is injected into the melting zone by means of a plurality of injectors arranged at preferably equal angular intervals around the circumference of the melting furnace the injection takes place at least in one process section by a chronological sequence of flow and rest phases (pulses) of the individual injectors.
Ein bekanntes Verfahren zur Ultraschall-Eindüsung eines Oxidationsmittels in einen Kupolofen wird in der
Die Regelung der über eine Laval-Düse in die Schmelzzone eingebrachten Sauerstoffmenge ist jedoch problematisch. Aus physikalischen Gründen ist es nicht möglich, die Sauerstoffmenge herunterzuregeln, ohne die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit auf Schallgeschwindigkeit oder darunter zu drosseln. Dies führt dazu, daß bei einer für einen Betriebszustand des Schmelzofens ausgelegten vorgegebenen Bestückung mit Sauerstoff-Injektionslanzen der Sauerstoffeintrag in den Schmelzofen nicht verringert werden kann, ohne die Überschallgeschwindigkeit und damit deren Wirkung hinsichtlich der Eindringtiefe des Sauerstoffstromes aufzuheben.However, controlling the amount of oxygen introduced into the molten zone via a Laval nozzle is problematic. For physical reasons, it is not possible to control the amount of oxygen without throttling the flow velocity to or below the speed of sound. As a result, in the case of a predetermined configuration of oxygen injection lances designed for an operating state of the melting furnace, the oxygen input into the melting furnace can not be reduced without canceling the supersonic velocity and thus its effect with regard to the penetration depth of the oxygen flow.
In der
Das Verfahren hat sich in der Praxis gut bewährt. Beim Einsatz in hinsichtlich ihrer Sauerstoffeintragskapazität überdimensionierten Öfen sind mitunter jedoch Ruhephasen erforderlich, deren Gesamtdauer 50% der Dauer des jeweiligen Verfahrensabschnitts deutlich übersteigt. Dies führt zu einer ungünstigen Beeinflussung des Schmelzergebnisses.The method has proven itself well in practice. When used in terms of their oxygen input capacity oversized ovens but sometimes rest periods are required, the total duration of 50% of the duration of each process section significantly exceeds. This leads to an unfavorable influence on the melting result.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mittels dem der Schmelzbetrieb in einem Schmelzofen, insbesondere in einem Schachtofen, der mit mehreren Injektoren zum Eindüsen eines Oxidationsmittels mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit ausgestattet ist, wohldosiert und gleichmäßig gestaltet werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method by means of which the melting operation in a melting furnace, in particular in a shaft furnace, which is equipped with several injectors for injecting an oxidant at supersonic speed, well dosed and uniform.
Diese Aufgabe wird ausgehend von dem eingangs beschriebenen Verfahren erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass in Abhängigkeit von einer vorgegebenen oder laufend ermittelten zuzuführenden Oxidationsmittelmenge nach einem vorgegebenen Programm das Verhältnis aus Fließ- und Ruhephase der Injektoren sowie die Anzahl der mit Ultraschall eindüsenden Injektoren derart variiert wird, dass ein stetiger Verlauf der mit Ultraschall zugeführten Oxidationsmittelmenge sowie ein die Schmelzzone im wesentlichen gleichmäßig abdeckendes Strömungsbild erreicht wird.This object is achieved on the basis of the method described above according to the invention in that the ratio of the flow and resting phase of the injectors and the number of injectors injecting with ultrasound is varied in such a way depending on a predetermined or continuously determined quantity of oxidizing agent to be supplied according to a predetermined program a steady course of the quantity of oxidizing agent supplied with ultrasound and a flow pattern substantially uniformly covering the melting zone are achieved.
Erfindungsgemäß wird also die Zufuhr des Oxidationsmittels, das mit Ultraschall in die Schmelzzone eingebracht wird, nach einem Programm gesteuert. Sinkt die Menge des insgesamt mit Ultraschall zuzuführenden Oxidationsmittels unter einen vom Programm festgelegten Wert wird ein oder mehrere Injektoren abgeschaltet, wobei ein "abgeschalteter" Injektor im hier verstandenen Sinne dem Schmelzofen gar kein Oxidationsmittel oder nur noch Oxidationsmittel mit Unterschallgeschwindigkeit zuführt. Entsprechendes gilt für den Fall, das der Wert des insgesamt mit Ultraschall zuzuführenden Oxidationsmittels einen bestimmten, vom Programm vorgegebenen Wert überschreitet: Dann werden ein oder mehrere Injektoren "zugeschaltet", führen also nunmehr Oxidationsmittel mit Ultraschall zu. Beim Betrieb des Schmelzofens müssen stets zwei Bedingungen erfüllt sein: Zum einen soll der Verlauf der mit Ultraschall zugeführten Oxidationsmittelmenge stetig sein, d.h. gleichzeitig mit der Änderung der Anzahl der mit Ultraschall eindüsenden Injektoren soll die Oxidationsmittelzufuhr über die hiernach mit Ultraschall eindüsenden Injektoren über eine entsprechende Änderung des Verhältnisses aus Fließ- und Ruhephase derart eingestellt werden, dass die insgesamt mit Ultraschall zugeführte Oxidationsmittelmenge der für diesen Zeitpunkt erforderlichen entspricht. Zum anderen soll ein die Schmelzzone gleichmäßiges abdeckendes Strömungsbild erreicht werden, d.h. die mit Ultraschall eindüsenden Injektoren sind jeweils derart am Schmelzofen angeordnet, dass eine gleichmäßige Beaufschlagung der Schmelzzone mit Oxidationsmittel gewährleistet wird.According to the invention, therefore, the supply of the oxidizing agent, which is introduced with ultrasound into the molten zone, is controlled according to a program. If the amount of the total amount of oxidant to be supplied with ultrasound falls below a value set by the program, one or more injectors will be switched off, with a "disconnected" injector, as understood here, not supplying the smelting furnace with any oxidizing agent or oxidizing agent at subsonic speed. The same applies to the case in which the value of the total amount of oxidizing agent to be supplied by ultrasound exceeds a certain value predetermined by the program: one or more injectors are then "switched on", ie they now supply oxidizing agents with ultrasound. In the operation of the melting furnace, two conditions must always be met: Firstly, the course of the amount of oxidant supplied with ultrasound should be continuous, ie. simultaneously with the change in the number of ultrasonically injecting injectors, the oxidant supply should be adjusted via the injectors injecting thereafter with ultrasound via a corresponding change in the ratio of flow and quiescent phase such that the total amount of oxidant supplied with ultrasound corresponds to that required for that time. On the other hand, a uniform flow pattern covering the melting zone is to be achieved, i. the ultrasonically injecting injectors are each arranged on the furnace so that a uniform loading of the molten zone is ensured with oxidizing agent.
Die Menge an Oxidationsmittel, die dem Schmelzofen pro Zeiteinheit mit Ultraschall zugeführt wird, lässt sich durch folgende Formel beschreiben:
mit
With
Dabei ist
- D :
- Menge des in die Schmelzzone mit Ultraschall eingeleiteten Oxidationsmittels pro Zeiteinheit
- Tieff:
- Effektive Dauer der Fließphasen der Injektoren
- Tceff :
- Effektive Dauer der Ruhephasen der Injektoren
- N:
- Gesamtzahl an Injektoren
- Nc :
- Zahl der nicht zugeschalteten Injektoren
- Q:
- maximaler Fluss durch einen Injektor pro Zeiteinheit
- D :
- Amount of oxidant introduced into the molten zone per unit time
- T heff :
- Effective duration of the flow phases of the injectors
- T ceff :
- Effective duration of resting phases of the injectors
- N:
- Total number of injectors
- N c :
- Number of unconnected injectors
- Q :
- maximum flow through one injector per unit time
Als "effektive Dauer der Fließphasen" bzw. "effektive Dauer der Ruhephasen" soll dabei die gegebenenfalls auf einen oder mehrerer Pulse verteilte Gesamtdauer verstanden werden, während der der Injektor geöffnet, also in Fließphase, oder geschlossen, also in Ruhephase ist. Während einer Fließphase wird das Oxidationsmittel mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit in die Schmelzzone eingedüst und während einer Ruhephase wird das Eindüsen auf eine Geschwindigkeit unterhalb von Überschallgeschwindigkeit gedrosselt oder gänzlich abgestellt. Der Einstellbereich für die Menge des in die Schmelzzone mit Ultraschall eingedüsten Oxidationsmittels bewegt sich zwischen Null (bei einer gegen Null gehenden Dauer der Fließphase) und der maximalen Auslegemenge aller eingesetzten Injektoren (bei Volllastbetrieb aller Injektoren und einer gegen Null gehenden Dauer der Ruhephase). Somit lässt sich die Menge des in die Schmelzzone mit Ultraschall eingedüsten Oxidationsmittels in weitem Rahmen variieren. In Abhängigkeit von der erforderlichen Gesamtmenge an mit Ultraschall zuzuführendem Oxidationsmittel pro Zeiteinheit kann die Zahl der zugeschalteten Injektoren und die jeweilige effektive Öffnungsdauer nach obiger Formel (1) leicht berechnet werden. Die Formel (1) bietet daher eine gute Grundlage für eine automatisierte Steuerung der Injektoren. Durch Angabe der pro Zeiteinheit mit Ultraschall zuzuführenden Menge an Oxidationsmittel kann mittels eines Computerprogramms die Zahl der zugeschalteten Injektoren sowie der effektiven Dauern der Fließ- und Ruhephasen bestimmt werden. In einem solchen Computerprogramm können auch empirisch erfasste Werte über die für die jeweilige Einstellung optimale Pulsfrequenz und ggf. eine optimierte Abfolge verschiedener Pulse sowie über und den optimalen Arbeitsbereich der eingesetzten Injektoren einbezogen werden.The term "effective duration of the flow phases" or "effective duration of the rest phases" should be understood to mean the total duration possibly distributed over one or more pulses during which the injector is open, ie in flow phase, or closed, ie in rest phase. During a flow phase, the oxidant is injected at supersonic velocity into the melt zone, and during a quiescent phase, injection is throttled to a velocity below supersonic velocity or shut off altogether. The range of adjustment of the amount of oxidant injected into the molten zone is between zero (at zero flow duration) and the maximum amount of exhaust of all injectors used (full load operation of all injectors and zero duration of the dwell phase). Thus, the amount of oxidant injected into the molten zone with ultrasound varies widely. Depending on the required total amount of oxidizing agent to be supplied with ultrasound per unit time, the number of connected injectors and the respective effective opening duration according to the above formula (1) can be easily calculated. Formula (1) therefore provides a good basis for automated control of the injectors. By specifying the per unit of time to be supplied with ultrasound amount of oxidant can be determined by means of a computer program, the number of connected injectors and the effective duration of the flow and rest phases. In such a computer program also empirically recorded values can be included on the optimal for the respective setting pulse rate and possibly an optimized sequence of different pulses and on and the optimal working range of the injectors used.
Durch das Wechselspiel von Änderung des Verhältnisses aus Fließ- und Ruhephase einerseits und Änderung der Anzahl der mit Ultraschall eindüsenden Injektoren andererseits wird der Zustrom an Oxidationsmittel in die Schmelzzone sowohl zeitlich als auch räumlich optimiert. Der Oxidationsmittelstrom wird sehr genau beeinflusst, ohne dass dadurch die Ultraschalleindüsung beeinträchtigt wird. Zu lange Ruhephasen, während derer kein Oxidationsmittel mit Ultraschall eingedüst wird, werden ebenso vermieden wie eine ungleichförmige Beaufschlagung der Schmelzzone. Der Ausstoß an Schadstoffen wie NOx und CO wird deutlich reduziert. Ebenso kann der Materialverschleiß am Ofen, wie auch der Verbrauch an Brennstoffen, Koks und elektrischer Energie gesenkt werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist insbesondere für Schmelzprozesse geeignet, bei denen unter Verbrennung eines Brennstoffes mit einem Oxidationsmittel in einem Schmelzofen eine Schmelzzone erzeugt wird, in der ein Einsatzstoff erschmolzen wird. Hierfür kommen die Schachtöfen in Frage, insbesondere Kupolöfen, wie Heißwind-. Warmwind-, Kaltwind-, Sekundärwind-, Langzeit-, oder Wechselöfen. Das Einsatzmaterial wird dem Schmelzofen zum Beispiel in Form von Stahlschrott, Gußbruch, Roheisen oder Spänen zugegeben. Es werden auch nichtmetallische Zuschlagstoffe wie Koks, Siliziumcarbid, Ferrosilizium, Ferromangan, Kalk und Kies eingesetzt. Beim Oxidationsmittel handelt es sich bevorzugt um Sauerstoff. Zusätzlich kann ein weiteres Oxidationsmittel, beispielsweise Luft, in die Schmelzzone zeitlich konstant oder ebenfalls pulsierend eingebracht werden.By the interplay of change in the ratio of flow and quiescent phase on the one hand and change in the number of ultrasonically injecting injectors on the other hand, the influx of oxidant into the melting zone both in time as well as spatially optimized. The oxidant flow is influenced very accurately, without affecting the ultrasound injection. Too long periods of rest, during which no oxidizing agent is injected with ultrasound, are avoided as well as a non-uniform application of the melting zone. The emission of pollutants such as NO x and CO is significantly reduced. Likewise, the consumption of materials in the furnace, as well as the consumption of fuels, coke and electrical energy can be reduced. The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for melting processes in which a melting zone is produced by burning a fuel with an oxidizing agent in a melting furnace in which a feedstock is melted. For this purpose, the shaft furnaces come into question, especially cupolas, such as hot blast. Warm wind, cold wind, secondary wind, long-term, or rotary kilns. The feed is added to the furnace, for example, in the form of steel scrap, cast broke, pig iron or chips. It also uses non-metallic aggregates such as coke, silicon carbide, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, lime and gravel. The oxidizing agent is preferably oxygen. In addition, a further oxidizing agent, for example air, can be introduced into the melting zone in a time-constant or likewise pulsating manner.
Vorteilhafterweise wird die Zufuhr des Oxidationsmittels derart geregelt, dass dann, wenn die Differenz zwischen der maximal möglichen Leistung aller mit Ultraschall eindüsenden Injektoren und der mit Ultraschall zuzuführenden Oxidationsmittelmenge der maximalen Leistung eines einzelnen Injektors entspricht, die Zahl der mit Ultraschall eindüsenden Injektoren um eins verkleinert und dann, wenn die mit Ultraschall zuzuführende Oxidationsmittelmenge die maximal mögliche Leistung aller mit Ultraschall eindüsenden Injektoren übersteigt, die Zahl der mit Ultraschall eindüsenden Injektoren um eins vergrößert wird, wobei jeweils anschließend die mit Ultraschalleindüsung zuzuführende Oxidationsmittelmenge gleichmäßig auf die mit Ultraschall eindüsenden Injektoren verteilt wird. Bei Volllast arbeiten alle also Injektoren des Schmelzofens im kontinuierlichen Betrieb. Ist es erforderlich, die Zufuhr an mit Ultraschall eingedüstem Oxidationsmittel zu reduzieren, gehen zunächst alle Injektoren in einen pulsweisen Betrieb über, d.h. alle Injektoren werden in einer Abfolge aus Fließphase und Ruhephase betreiben, entsprechend dem in der
Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Abschaltung derart, dass die verbliebenen zugeschalteten Injektoren gleichmäßig um den Umfang des Schmelzofens verteilt sind. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, dass die Injektoren asymmetrisch am Schmelzofen betrieben werden und nach einer nicht allzu langen Zeitdauer ein Wechsel der zugeschalteten Injektoren erfolgt. Da Ziel ist dabei in jedem Fall, die Schmelzzone des Schmelzofens möglichst gleichmäßig mit Sauerstoff zu beaufschlagen.Preferably, the shutdown is such that the remaining connected injectors are evenly distributed around the circumference of the furnace. However, it is also possible that the injectors are operated asymmetrically on the furnace and after a not too long time a change of the connected injectors takes place. The goal is in any case to apply the molten zone of the furnace as evenly as possible with oxygen.
Arbeiten die zugeschalteten Injektoren im Pulsbetrieb, sieht eine abermals vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Fließ- und Ruhephasen der zugeschalteten Injektoren derart aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass die zugeschalteten Injektoren alternierend zueinander angesteuert werden. Damit wird auch in zeitlicher Hinsicht eine sehr gleichmäßige Beaufschlagung der Schmelzzone mit Oxidationsmittel erzielt.Work the connected injectors in pulsed mode, sees a yet again advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the flow and rest phases of the switched injectors are coordinated so that the switched injectors are driven alternately to each other. Thus, a very uniform exposure of the molten zone is achieved with oxidizing agent in terms of time.
In den oberen Teil des Schachts eines Kupolofens werden kontinuierlich Stahlschrott, Späne, Roheisen, Kreislaufmaterial und nichtmetallische Zuschlagstoffe wie Koks und Kalk zugegeben. Im unteren Bereich des Schachtes wird Luft - der sogenannte Ofenwind - über einen Windring und von dort in die Schmelzzone eingeführt. Die Zufuhrrate an Luft beträgt konstant 10 000 m3/h. Im unteren Teil des Ofenschachtes sind um die Schmelzzone herum sechs, untereinander baugleiche Sauerstoff-Injektionslanzen in gleichen Winkelabständen angeordnet. Mittels der Sauerstoff-Injektionslanzen wird technischer Sauerstoff mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit in die Schmelzzone eingedüst. Durch diese Eindüsung ergibt sich eine große Eindringtiefe des Sauerstoffstromes, so daß die Temperatur in der Schmelzzone erhöht und die Schmelzleistung des Kupolofens gesteigert wird. In die Sauerstoff-Injektionslanzen sind jeweils Laval-Düsen eingesetzt.Steel scrap, shavings, pig iron, recycled material and non-metallic aggregates such as coke and lime are continuously added to the upper part of the shaft of a cupola furnace. In the lower part of the shaft, air - the so-called furnace wind - is introduced via a wind ring and from there into the melting zone. The supply rate of air is constantly 10 000 m 3 / h. In the lower part of the furnace shaft are around the melting zone around six identical with each other oxygen injection lances arranged at equal angular intervals. By means of the oxygen injection lances, technical oxygen is injected at supersonic velocity into the molten zone. By this injection results in a large penetration depth of the oxygen stream, so that the temperature increases in the melting zone and the melting performance of the cupola is increased. In the oxygen injection lances each Laval nozzles are used.
Die Regelung der Sauerstoffzufuhr erfolgt folgendermaßen: Im Voillastbetrieb erfolgt die Zufuhr über sämtliche Injektoren. Bei einer Reduktion der Sauerstoffanforderung gehen die Injektoren in einen pulsweisen Betrieb über, d.h. die Zuführung des Sauerstoffs erfolgt bei diesen Lanzen in diskreten Zeitabständen in Form einer Abfolge von Fließphase und Ruhephase, deren Dauer sich aus der jeweiligen Sauerstoffanforderung ergibt. Je geringer der Sauerstoffbedarf ist, desto länger ist die Dauer der Ruhephasen der Injektoren. Um die Sauerstoffzuführung möglichst gleichmäßig zu gestalten, werden die Injektoren abwechselnd in Pulsen unterschiedlicher Länge gefahren, wobei jedoch darauf geachtet wird, dass die Injektion stets im Wesentlichen symmetrisch zur Mittelachse des Ofens erfolgt. Wird die Sauerstoffanforderung um einen Wert reduziert, der der Leistung eines Injektors ― oder eines ganzzahligen Vielfachen davon - entspricht, so werden ein oder mehrere Injektoren abgeschaltet, wobei die Abschaltung in der Weise erfolgt, dass die noch zugeschalteten Injektoren die Schmelzzone des Schachtofens möglichst gleichmäßig beaufschlagen. Gleichzeitig verkürzen sich mit Abschaltung des Injektors oder der Injektoren die Ruhephasen der zugeschalteten Injektoren entsprechend, um einen stetigen Übergang der Oxidationsmittelmengenzufuhr sicher zu stellen. Die zugeschalteten Injektoren werden in gleicher Weise wie oben beschrieben betrieben. In diesem Betriebszustand ist es zweckmäßig, die zugeschalteten Injektoren alternierend anzusteuern. Um eine gleichmäßige Nutzung der Injektoren sicherzustellen, werden in nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritten oder beim Aufschmelzen einer nachfolgenden Charge bevorzugt die während des beschriebenen Verfahrensschritts abgeschalteten Injektoren zugeschaltet, so dass jeweils ein Wechsel der zuzuschaltenden Injektoren erfolgt.The regulation of the oxygen supply is carried out as follows: In the Voillastbetrieb the supply takes place via all injectors. With a reduction in oxygen demand, the injectors go into pulse-wise operation, i. the supply of oxygen takes place in these lances at discrete time intervals in the form of a sequence of flow phase and resting phase, the duration of which results from the respective oxygen requirement. The lower the oxygen requirement, the longer the duration of the rest periods of the injectors. In order to make the oxygen supply as uniform as possible, the injectors are driven alternately in pulses of different lengths, but care is taken that the injection always takes place substantially symmetrically to the central axis of the furnace. If the oxygen demand is reduced by a value corresponding to the performance of an injector - or an integer multiple thereof - one or more injectors are switched off, the deactivation taking place in such a way that the still connected injectors act as uniformly as possible on the melting zone of the shaft furnace , At the same time shorten with shutdown of the injector or the injectors, the resting phases of the connected injectors accordingly to make sure a steady transition of Oxidationsmittelmengenzufuhr. The connected injectors are operated in the same way as described above. In this operating state, it is expedient to control the connected injectors alternately. In order to ensure a uniform use of the injectors, the injectors switched off during the described method step are preferably switched on in subsequent method steps or during the melting of a subsequent batch, so that in each case a change of zuzuschaltenden injectors takes place.
Claims (4)
- Method for operating a melting furnace, wherein charge materials, fuel and at least one oxidizing agent are fed to a melting zone, the oxidizing agent being injected into the melting zone at supersonic speed by means of a plurality of injectors which are arranged at preferably equal angular intervals around the periphery of the melting furnace, and the injection, at least in one process step, being effected by a temporal sequence of flow and rest phases (pulses) of the individual injectors, characterized in that the ratio of flow and rest phases of the injectors and the number of injectors injecting at ultrasound are varied according to a predetermined program as a function of a predetermined or continuously determined quantity of oxidizing agent that is to be supplied, in such a manner as to achieve a smooth profile of the quantity of oxidizing agent supplied at ultrasound and a flow pattern that substantially uniformly covers the melting zone.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that whenever the difference between the maximum power of all the injectors injecting at ultrasound and the total quantity of oxidizing agent to be supplied by ultrasonic injection corresponds to the maximum power of a single injector, the number of injectors injecting at ultrasound is reduced by one, and whenever the quantity of oxidizing agent to be supplied by ultrasonic injection exceeds the maximum power of all the injectors injecting at ultrasound, the number of injectors injecting at ultrasound is increased by one, wherein thereafter in each case the quantity of oxidizing agent to be supplied by ultrasonic injection is distributed uniformly between the injectors that are injecting at ultrasound.
- Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the injectors which are in each case injecting at ultrasound are arranged uniformly around the periphery of the melting furnace.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flow and rest phases of the injectors which are operating in pulsed mode and are injecting at ultrasound are adapted to one another in such manner that the injectors which are injecting at ultrasound are actuated alternately.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102005031019A DE102005031019A1 (en) | 2005-07-02 | 2005-07-02 | Method for ultrasonic injection of an oxidizing agent into a melting furnace |
Publications (3)
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EP1739194A1 EP1739194A1 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
EP1739194B1 true EP1739194B1 (en) | 2008-01-30 |
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EP3418401A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2018-12-26 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Shaft furnace and injection of oxidizing agent therein |
ES2963951T3 (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2024-04-03 | Air Liquide | Shaft furnace and injection of oxidizing agent in it |
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DE19646802A1 (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 1998-05-14 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Method and device for operating a shaft furnace |
DE29711593U1 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 1997-09-04 | Westfalen AG, 48155 Münster | Device for the thermal treatment of a raw material |
EP0992753A3 (en) * | 1998-08-04 | 2001-08-08 | Linde Gas Aktiengesellschaft | Operating process for a shaft furnace and shaft furnace |
DE19954556A1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-23 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Process for operating a melting furnace |
DE10249235B4 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2005-07-21 | Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh | Method for operating a shaft furnace |
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2005
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DE502006000324D1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
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