EP1730382A1

EP1730382A1 - Method and device for drilling holes in the ground or in rock

Info

Publication number: EP1730382A1
Application number: EP05714184A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Josef Mocivnik; Renè EGGER-MOCIVNIK
Original assignee: Alwag Tunnelausbau GmbH
Current assignee: Alwag Tunnelausbau GmbH
Priority date: 2004-03-30
Filing date: 2005-03-22
Publication date: 2006-12-13
Also published as: WO2005095752A1; AT501696B1; HRP20060365A2; US7290624B2; US20070023204A1; CN1954130A; AT501696A1; ZA200608071B; AU2005228906A1; JP2007530832A; CA2560829A1; KR20070011405A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for the drilling, in particular the percussive drilling or rotary percussive drilling of holes (9) in the ground or in rock, a bore hole (9) being formed by a drill bit (1) that is mounted on a drill pipe (3), by a percussive and/or rotary movement. Several drill points (2), which can be coupled to the drill pipe (3) and driven independently of one another, are provided on the drill bit (1). According to the invention, the drill points (2) can be uncoupled from their rigid coupling to the drill pipe (3) upon completion of the drilling process and can be displaced towards the centre of the bore hole (9), thus permitting the entire drill bit (1) together with the drill points (2) and the drill pipe (3) to be simply and reliably removed upon completion of the bore hole (9).

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRILLING HOLES IN GROUND OR STONE MATERIAL

The present invention relates to a method for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary percussion drilling, of holes in soil or rock material, a drill hole being formed by a striking and / or rotating movement by means of a drill bit supported on a drill pipe, wherein on the drill bit a plurality of drill heads are provided which are coupled to the drill string and driven independently of one another, and wherein the drill bit is removed from the borehole after completion of the drilling process. The present invention further relates to a device for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary percussion drilling, of holes in soil or rock material, a drill hole being formed by a striking and / or rotating movement by means of a drill bit mounted on a drill pipe, wherein A plurality of drill heads are provided on the drill bit, which can be coupled to the drill pipe and driven independently of one another.

In connection with methods and devices for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary percussion drilling, of holes in soil or rock material are in particular for the production of boreholes of large cross section or large, clear width, as well as for the production of boreholes, in which essentially at the production of the borehole, a casing or lining tube is introduced directly into the interior of the borehole, different

Embodiments known. It is known, for example, in connection with the insertion of a cladding or lining tube, one into a pilot drill bit and to use a core bit subdivided core bit, whereby boreholes with comparatively large dimensions can thereby be reliably produced. In such a case, for example, a cladding or lining pipe is connected to the ring drill bit surrounding the pilot drill bit, the pilot drill bit being separated from the ring drill bit after completion of the drill hole and removed from the drill hole with the drill pipe, as is the case, for example, with the AT B 408 472 can be removed. A disadvantage of this known embodiment is, in particular, the fact that at least the ring bit remains in the borehole and is lost.

In addition, modified embodiments for carrying out the above-mentioned method are known, a plurality of separate drill heads forming a drill bit, for example US Pat. No. 3,870,113, US Pat. No. 2,162,314 and US Pat. No. 2,400 853, DE-A 2 157 282, US Pat. No. 1,461,713 and US Pat. No. 3,773,121. A disadvantage of these known embodiments is, in particular, the fact that complex and complicated drive devices are provided for the individual and separate drill heads. In the event that a lining or cladding tube is to be introduced into the interior of a borehole at the same time, complex pivoting mechanisms must be provided in order to remove the drill bit formed from a plurality of drill heads and the drill string after completion of the borehole to bring this out. If no cladding or lining tube is used in such devices, such devices can only be used in materials which are ensured that before inserting a cladding or lining pipe there is no fear of material breaking into the borehole.

In connection with the introduction of cladding or lining pipes during the production of the borehole and a subsequent possibility of removing the drill pipe with the entire drill head or the entire drill bit, for example from EP-A 0 444 682 or EP-B 0 563 561 it has become known to provide displaceable elements on a drill bit which can be brought into different pivoting positions or working positions, whereby this is to ensure that an enlarged borehole diameter can be produced compared to a casing or lining pipe to be inserted simultaneously. In these known devices, the aim is to pivot the swiveling drill bit parts into a retracted position after completion of the borehole in order to be able to remove the drill bit and the drill string from the drill hole after completion of the borehole. In these known form of the clock it is disadvantageous that complicated mechanical drive systems are required for a corresponding shifting or pivoting out of the individual drill heads.

The present invention aims to further develop a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided and in particular it is ensured that after the completion of a borehole with a particularly large diameter or large, clear width, the entire drill bit, which has a plurality of drill heads, and the drill pipe can be quickly and reliably removed from the finished borehole. To achieve these objects, the method according to the invention of the type mentioned at the outset is essentially characterized in that after the completion of the drilling process, the drill heads are decoupled from a rigid coupling with the drill pipe and are displaceably mounted in the direction of the center of the borehole. Characterized in that according to the invention the drilling heads can be decoupled from a rigid coupling with the drill string after completion of the drilling process, whereby the rigid or mechanically fixed coupling with the drilling string for carrying out the drilling process and for introducing the mechanical ones required for carrying out the drilling process Forces serves, is lifted, it is subsequently possible in a simple manner to store the drill heads in the direction of the center of the borehole, so that after completion of the borehole and release of the rigid coupling to the drill pipe while reducing the outer diameter of the drill bit limited by the drill heads the entire drill bit with the plurality of drill heads can be removed from the borehole together with the drill pipe. This is independent of the fact whether a cladding tube is simultaneously inserted into the interior of the borehole during the drilling process, since even in the event that such a cladding tube is not provided, proper removal of the entire drill bit with the drill pipe from the inside of the borehole, the drill heads must be brought into a position in which their outer dimensions are smaller than the inner dimensions of the immediately previously produced borehole, in order to avoid excessive frictional forces between the inner borehole wall and the drill heads, which can cause a otherwise simple and quick removal of the drill pipe and drill bit would counteract. In the event that a cladding or casing tube is introduced into the interior of the borehole during the drilling process, the proposed displacement of the individual drilling heads toward the interior or center of the borehole ensures that the elements or drilling heads of the drill bit, which, in order to produce the borehole, had to have a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the simultaneously inserted cladding or jacket tube, can be moved or brought overall into a position which now has an outer dimension that is now reduced compared to the inside diameter of the cladding tube, in order to allow passage of the to enable the entire drill bit with all drill heads and the drill pipe to be removed from the borehole.

For a reliable coupling and decoupling between the drill heads and the drill string, according to a preferred embodiment, the drill heads are coupled to the drill string via rod or drive elements which can be displaced essentially in the longitudinal direction of the drill bit in the interior of the drill bit. Such rod or drive elements which can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the drill bit or the drill rod allow a safe and reliable, mechanical or rigid coupling between the drill rod and the individual drill heads, which perform the work of dismantling, in addition, after completion of the borehole or ensure a simple and reliable decoupling from the drilling heads at the end of the drilling process for a further displacement towards the center of the borehole.

For a particularly simple, yet reliable and stable connection after the rigid coupling has been released between see the drill heads and the drill string for a safe removal of the drill bit with all drill heads from the interior of the borehole. According to a further preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the drill heads be connected to the drill bit via spring elements after decoupling from the drill string or from the drive elements become. Such spring elements allow an essentially automatic displacement of the individual drill heads towards the center of the borehole, so that removal of the drill bit and the drill string is possible quickly and reliably.

In order to achieve a proper dismantling performance, it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that the drill heads are driven in a manner known per se independently of one another in a striking and / or rotating movement.

In order to prevent overheating of the drill heads or individual sub-areas thereof during the dismantling work, according to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the drilling heads are acted upon in a manner known per se with a cooling or flushing fluid, which is preferably in the interior of the drilling heads the drill rod coupling rod elements is supplied.

For a proper removal of the mined material from the area of the drill heads or the excavation area formed by the drill heads, according to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the mined material is removed from the excavation area between the drill heads, in particular via passage channels running essentially in the longitudinal direction of the drill bit. In order to achieve rapid drilling progress even when producing a hole with a large diameter or a large, clear width, according to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that at least three drill heads are arranged in a manner known per se, distributed essentially symmetrically over the surface of the drill bit.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned tasks, a device of the type mentioned at the outset is also essentially characterized in that the drilling heads can be decoupled from a rigid coupling with the drill pipe after the completion of the drilling process and can be displaced towards the center of the borehole. As already explained above, it is thus possible in a simple manner to cancel the rigid or mechanically fixed coupling between the drill pipe and the drill heads after the completion of the drilling process, so that subsequently by a displacement or relocability of the individual drill heads in Rich - Direction to the center of the borehole ensures that the entire drill bit with all the drill heads and the drill string can be reliably removed from the finished borehole. If a cladding tube or casing tube is provided, the drill heads can be moved into a position or position having a correspondingly reduced outer circumference in order to allow free passage through the interior of the cladding or. To enable casing pipe, which remains inside the borehole.

For a proper coupling of the individual drill heads with the drill pipe and a reliable decoupling of the rigid or mechanically rigid connection between the drill pipe and the after completion of the borehole Drill heads are proposed in accordance with a further preferred embodiment that for coupling the drill heads to the drill pipe in the interior of the drill bit, in particular in the longitudinal direction of the same, displaceable rod or drive elements are provided. Such linkage or drive elements, which can be displaced in particular in the longitudinal direction of the drill bit or the drill string, provide sufficient mechanical coupling for the production of the borehole and, after the borehole has been completed, allow this coupling to be easily removed in order subsequently to make the drill heads displaceable Allow direction to the center of the borehole.

In order to achieve a sufficiently large displacement or displacement path of the individual drill heads in the direction of the interior of the borehole, taking into account the conditions given by the inner wall of the borehole and a casing or casing pipe which may be introduced at the same time, it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that the drill heads have in particular the rod elements between the drill rod and the spring elements surrounding the drill heads, in particular helical springs, are coupled or can be coupled. Such spring elements allow a reliable coupling between the remaining sub-areas of the drill bit and the drill heads as well as a simple and reliable adaptation to the conditions given by the inner wall of the borehole and an optionally existing cladding tube with regard to the simple and quick removal of the drill bit and the Drill pipe required to reduce the external dimensions of the drill heads. For a reliable cooling of the drill heads during drilling, it is provided according to a further preferred embodiment that the drill heads are provided in a manner known per se with outlet openings for a cooling or flushing fluid which can be supplied in particular through the rod elements. For a structurally simple supply of the cooling or rinsing fluid, the invention preferably provides that such a cooling or rinsing fluid takes place directly through the drive or rod elements which provide a coupling between the drill rod and the drill head.

For a correct and reliable discharge of the mined material, it is also proposed that receiving holes for a discharge of mined material are provided between the drill heads on the mining surface of the drill bit, to which passage channels connect in the interior of the drill bit, as is a further preferred embodiment of the invention Device corresponds.

For a structurally simple introduction of the energy required to achieve the mining work, it is provided according to a further preferred embodiment that each drill head can be acted upon by a percussion and / or rotary drive mounted inside the drill bit, which can be supplied with drive energy via the common drill pipe.

As already stated several times above, an immediate lining of the borehole is often required during the drilling process, in particular when producing a borehole in at least partially loose soil or rock material. This is to prevent the material from collapsing during the drilling process, which would subsequently prevent the drill pipe and the drill bit from being removed after the borehole has been completed. In this context, it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that the drill bit is surrounded by a jacket or cladding tube, at least in its end region facing the interior of the borehole.

In order to enable simple and reliable displacement of the drill heads towards the center or inside of the borehole after completion of the drilling process when using a cladding tube or casing, it is provided according to a further preferred embodiment that when the drill rod and the drill bit are removed after completion of the drilling process, the rear sides of the drill heads facing away from the excavation surface interact, in particular, via at least one bevel with the casing tube.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments schematically illustrated in the accompanying drawing. In this show:

1 shows schematic side views, partly in section, of individual steps of the method according to the invention using a device according to the invention for drilling holes in soil or rock material, FIG. 1 a showing the drilling process, FIG. 1 b shows the position or position in which the rigid or mechanical coupling between the drill heads and the drill string is released, and FIG. 1c shows the process of withdrawing the drill bit with all drill heads and the drill string after the drill heads have been displaced towards the center of the borehole; FIG. 2 shows a perspective and enlarged illustration of the position of the drill heads similar to the illustration according to FIG. 1b; and

Fig. 3 in an enlarged scale a top view of the mining area formed by the drill heads, for example in the direction of arrow III of Fig. La.

1 and 2, generally 1 denotes a drill bit which has a plurality of drill heads 2, three drill heads 2 being arranged substantially uniformly spaced apart in the exemplary embodiment shown. The drill bit 1 is coupled to a drill rod 3 schematically indicated in FIG. 1 a, each drill bit 2 being driven by a drive or rod element designated by 4 in FIG / or rotary drive is coupled, the hammer 5 being coupled to the drill pipe 3 via a connecting plate 6. To act upon the individual hammers 5 or percussion and / or rotary drives, connecting lines 7 between the drill pipe 3 and the individual hammers 5 are also indicated.

In the figures, a cladding or jacket tube 8 is also indicated, which surrounds the drill bit 1 at least in the foremost area, wherein this cladding or jacket tube 8 can optionally also extend substantially over the entire length of the borehole 9, the the inner wall of the borehole that can be produced by the drill heads 2 is schematically designated 9 in FIG.

3, both the entire drill bit 1 is around the through the drill string 3 defined, central axis in the direction of arrow 10 can be subjected to a rotational movement, the individual drill heads 2 additionally being able to be subjected to a rotational movement in the direction of arrow 11, so that overall a borehole 9 with a correspondingly large cross section or large, clear width can be produced , 3 it is also indicated that the drill heads are each provided with a plurality of outlet openings 12 for a cooling or rinsing fluid, this cooling or rinsing fluid through a central channel via the drive or. Linkage element 4 can be fed to the drill heads. For example, removal tools formed by hard material elements or inserts are indicated by 21.

In addition, passages 13 between the individual drill heads 2 or the hammers 5 can be seen in the figures, material which has been removed being discharged through these passage channels 13 and being introduced into the passage channels 13 via passage openings 14. The passage channels 13 are extended in a manner not shown in accordance with the length of the borehole to be produced, in order to enable the extracted material to be reliably discharged.

After completion of the borehole 9, as is indicated in FIGS. 1b and 2, the rigid or direct, mechanical coupling of the individual drill heads 2 to the drill pipe 3 is interrupted with the interposition of the drive or rod elements 4 and the hammers 5 or uncoupled, with the hammers 5 and the drive or linkage elements 4 coupled to them being pulled back into a position decoupled from the drill heads 2, as can be seen in FIGS. 1b and 2. In this state they are Drill heads at their end 16 facing away from the surface 15 are coupled to articulation elements 18 via spring elements, in particular helical springs 17, so that the resilient mounting of the drill heads 2 now enables the drill heads 2 to be moved and displaced.

When the drill bit 1 is withdrawn with all the drill heads 2, the drill heads 2 are displaced or displaced in the direction of the center of the borehole 9, as can be clearly seen from FIG. 1 c, that a corresponding elastic mobility can be achieved via the springs 17 ,

From the drawings it can also be seen that the drill heads 2 are each provided with a bevel 19 on the rear side facing the drill bit 1 or the interior of the borehole, which chamfer ensures reliable entry into the interior of the casing or cladding tube 8 when the Drill bit 1 according to arrow 20, as indicated in Fig. Lc, enables.

In the event that no cladding or jacket tube 8 is provided, the displacement or displacement of the drill heads 2 in the direction of the center of the borehole 9 to be carried out via the spring elements 17 also permits simple and reliable removal of the entire drill bit 1 with all the drill heads 2 and the drill pipe 3 according to the arrow 20 in FIG. 1c, since the drill heads 2 do not lie against the inner wall of the borehole and can therefore be removed from the borehole 9 quickly and without friction with the inner wall of the borehole.

Deviating from the embodiment shown in the figures, instead of the three shown Drill heads 2, for example four or more drill heads 2 may be provided in order to enable a correspondingly large excavation area. A central drill head could be provided if, for example, different spring lengths ensure that, in particular, the drill heads 2 lying on the outer circumferential edge can be displaced to the interior of the borehole for decoupling from the drill string 3 for removal from the borehole 9.

Claims

Patent claims

1. A method for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary percussion drilling, of holes (9) in soil or rock, whereby a drill hole is supported by a drill bit (3) mounted on a drill rod (3) by a striking and / or rotating movement (9) is formed, a plurality of drill heads (2) being provided on the drill bit (1), which are coupled to the drill pipe (3) and being driven independently of one another, and the drill bit (1) after completion of the drilling process is removed from the borehole (9), characterized in that after the completion of the drilling process, the drilling heads (2) are decoupled from a rigid coupling with the drill pipe (3) and are mounted displaceably in the direction of the center of the borehole (9) become.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drill heads (2) in the interior of the drill bit (1) essentially in the longitudinal direction of the drill bit (1) displaceable rod or drive elements (4, 5) with the drill rod ( 3) be coupled.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drill heads (2) via spring elements (17) after decoupling from the drill rod (3) or from the drive elements (4, 5) with the drill bit (1) get connected.

4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the drill heads (2) are driven independently of one another to a striking and / or rotating movement in a manner known per se.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the drilling heads (2) are acted upon in a manner known per se with a cooling or rinsing fluid, which is preferably in the interior of the drilling heads (2) with the drill string (3rd ) Coupling linkage elements (4) is supplied.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, character- ized in that degraded material between the drill heads (2) from the mining area in particular via substantially in the longitudinal direction of the drill bit (1) extending passage channels (13) is transported away.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least three drill heads (2) are arranged in a manner known per se distributed substantially symmetrically over the surface of the drill bit (1).

8. Device for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary percussion drilling, of holes (9) in soil or rock material, a drill hole (9) being driven by a drill bit (3) mounted on a drill rod (3) by a striking and / or rotating movement. is formed, on the drill bit (1) a plurality of drill heads (2) are provided which can be coupled to the drill pipe (3) and can be driven independently of one another, characterized in that the drill heads (2) after completion of the drilling process by one rigid coupling with the drill pipe (3) can be decoupled and can be shifted towards the center of the borehole (9).

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that for coupling the drill heads (2) with the drill rod (3) inside the drill bit (1) in particular in the longitudinal direction of the same displaceable rod or drive elements (4, 5) are provided.

10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the drill heads (2) via in particular the rod elements (4) between the drill rod (3) and the drill heads (2) surrounding spring elements (17), in particular helical springs, coupled or coupled are.

11. The device according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the drill heads (2) are provided in a manner known per se with outlet openings (12) for a cooling or rinsing fluid, which can be supplied in particular through the rod elements (4) ,

12. Device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that between the drill heads (2) on the surface of the drill bit (1) receiving openings (14) are provided for dispensing mined material to which in the interior of the drill bit (1 ) Connect through channels (13).

13. Device according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that each drill head (2) by an inside of the drill bit (1) mounted percussion and / or rotary drive (5) can be acted upon, which via the common drill rod (3) can be supplied with drive energy.

14. Device according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the drill bit (1) at least in its end region facing the interior of the borehole is surrounded by a jacket or cladding tube (8).

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that when removing the drill rod (3) and the drill bit (1) after the completion of the drilling process from the mining surface facing back of the drill heads (2) in particular via at least one bevel (19) with the jacket or the cladding tube (8) interact.