EP1726730B1 - Konstruktionselement - Google Patents
Konstruktionselement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1726730B1 EP1726730B1 EP20060114432 EP06114432A EP1726730B1 EP 1726730 B1 EP1726730 B1 EP 1726730B1 EP 20060114432 EP20060114432 EP 20060114432 EP 06114432 A EP06114432 A EP 06114432A EP 1726730 B1 EP1726730 B1 EP 1726730B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- construction
- construction panel
- cavities
- concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
- E04B5/026—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of plastic
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
- E04B5/326—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with hollow filling elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a panel made of plastic material to be used in the preparation of construction elements, especially slabs and ceilings.
- such plastic panels consist of expanded polystyrene sheets, this material ensuring good strength and considerable lightweightness even with high thicknesses. Yet, the use of such material has some drawbacks. Indeed, during the preparation of a construction element, especially at a building site, normally the operator has to walk on the panel. Thus, it is very likely for the panel to have its rims broken in the area near the edges or borders. As a result, polystyrene powder is dispersed in the product.
- high density polystyrene is meant an expanded polystyrene having a density exceeding 15 kg/m 3 .
- this type of polystyrene increases the specific weight of the panel and consequently the cost per m 3 .
- construction panels are required to have a specific weight not exceeding 13 kg/m 3 , which cannot be normally obtained when the panels are made of high density expanded polystyrene.
- a further drawback is that such panel may absorb huge amounts of water, this making it less suitable for making floors/ceilings, thus substantially restricting their application to ground floorings.
- a further problem connected to the use of prior art panels made of expanded material is safety in case of fire.
- the high temperature caused by the flames melts the expanded material enclosed in the slab with consequent release of gas, which, by easily reaching high-pressures in such conditions, may cause the slab to break and facilitate the propagation of fire.
- the panel according to the invention is generally indicated by the reference number 1.
- the panel 1 is substantially of parallelepiped shape with a rectangular (as depicted in the drawings) or square base. Typical sizes may be, for example: width between 200 and 600 mm; length between 200 and 3000 mm; thickness between 100 and 240 mm. It should be understood, however, that this size may change in a wide range of possibilities according to the type of use as required.
- the panel 1 comprises a walking surface 2 and four closed side surfaces 3, whereas the surface 4 has a plurality of blind cavities 5.
- the number of cavities 5 may vary depending on the needs. Preferably, the number of cavities 5 will be such that the volume of the empty space ranges between 30% and 70% of the total volume of the panel 1, such that an apparent density (weight/full volume + empty volume) is obtained less than 13 kg/m 3 , preferably less than 10 kg/m 3 .
- the cavities 5 may extend over a great part of the thickness of panel 1 or only over a small part thereof.
- the cavities 5 will have depths comprised between 10% and 95% of the total thickness of panel 1, more preferably between 80% and 95%.
- the empty volume ratio will have to be increased such that the apparent density of the panel is hold below the threshold as defined above. It should be noted that the use of high density polystyrene (with a density exceeding 15 kg/m 3 , preferably exceeding 18 kg/m 3 , more preferably exceeding 20 kg/m 3 ) should be considered as preferred, as this material gives the panel a greater strength.
- a first object of the present invention is a construction panel made of high-density expanded polystyrene, said panel having an apparent density lower than 13 kg/m 2 , preferably lower than 10 kg/m 3 .
- the walking surface 2 must have a good compression strength.
- the partition walls 6 provided between the cavities 5 will also serve as reinforcing ribs.
- such partition walls will have thicknesses ranging between 5 and 80 mm.
- the cavity 5 may be of different shapes. There may be cavities 5 having openings that are square ( Figure 1 ), rectangular ( Figure 2 ), round, elliptical, star-shaped, polygonal in general (pentagonal, hexagonal, etc.), and the like.
- the inner cavity may also, though not necessarily, be provided with a more or less marked tapering, such that the cavity section will narrow inwards.
- the inner walls of the cavity may possibly have vertical or horizontal grooves.
- the walking surface 2 is preferably provided with a plurality of knurlings 7 having an anti-slip function, in order to prevent any accidental falls during laying works, and serving as anti-slipping means between two panels during transportation.
- These knurlings may also form reinforcing ribs for the surface, such as to make the latter more resistant to walking.
- the shape and size may be freely changed according to the requirements. For example, they may be arranged either parallel to the long ( Fig. 4 ) or short( Fig. 3 ) sides of the panel, or they may be arranged crossed such as to form an alveolar surface 2.
- the panel 1 according to the invention may be made of different plastic materials, in particular expanded plastic materials, such as polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene, both virgin and recycled.
- expanded plastic materials such as polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene, both virgin and recycled.
- the high density expanded polystyrene is the preferred material due to its characteristics of insulation and resistance in proportion to its specific weight.
- the panel 1 at the surface 4 in which the cavities 5 are opened has one or more cross (such as in the example from Fig. 2 ) and/or longitudinal slots 8. These slots 8 are blind and extend over a great part of the panel 1, such as to form as many prompts to breakage. Thereby, an operator will be able to break the panel 1 such as to trim it to the desired size, even without the use of tools.
- Fig. 5, 6 and 7 there is shown a particular embodiment not forming part of the invention.
- the cavities 5 there are formed one or more alveoluses 9.
- the shape of these alveoluses 9, as well as that of the cavities 5, can be different, such as cubical, hemispheric, ellipsoidal, and the like.
- the function of the alveoluses 9, as well as the knurlings 7, is to reinforce the walking surface 2 without adding a substantial amount of apparent density to the panel. In fact, despite the alveoluses are empty (and this results in the panel being lighter), a system of ribs is thus created therein, which reinforces the structure.
- Fig. 8 there is illustrated a further embodiment, where the alveoluses 9 have such a size that a second series of alveoluses 10 is accommodated on the bottom thereof.
- the surface 4 has one or more feet 11 that are intended to act as support feet for the panel when the latter is installed with the concave surface 4 oriented downwards.
- These feet 11 will be preferably in a number of one to four, more preferably only one foot 11 preferably arranged in the middle of the panel.
- a plurality of feet 11 When a plurality of feet 11 is provided, they will be more preferably arranged at the vertexes of the panel.
- the feet 11 may be, however, arranged in any point of the surface 4, both along the outer edge and along the edges of the partition walls 6, by being distributed such as to allow for a good resting stability.
- the function of the feet 11 is as follows. As will be described in greater detail below, during installation, the panel is placed on a fresh concrete casting, in which a metal grid has been generally drowned. Thereby, the feet 11 will be totally submerged in the fresh concrete until it rests on the basement on which the casting has been carried out. Finally, the panel will be covered with a further concrete casting, such as to complete the slab. In the event of fire, the intense heat will quickly melt the feet 11 made of expanded material, as they are separated from the heat source by a thin layer of concrete (less than 2 mm) and an optional further layer of plaster. Accordingly, as the feet 11 rising to the surface are being melted, a plurality of vent holes is created for the gas generated from the melting panel, thereby the development of overpressure within the slab is avoided.
- the first concrete casting normally has a thickness of 4 cm.
- the feet 11 will be thus preferred to have a height of 4 cm, such as to also serve as level indicators for the concrete layer.
- the feet 11, however, may also be higher or lower than 4 cm, according to the requirements, without however departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the feet 11 shown in Fig. 9 have a rectangular/square section. They may have, however, any other shape and size, such as round, elliptical, triangular, spherical and generally polygonal.
- Fig. 9 shows the feet 11 associated with the embodiment of the panel 1 of Fig. 5-8 , in which the cavities 5 comprise the alveoluses 9.
- the feet 11 can certainly be as well associated with the embodiment of Fig. 1-4 without the alveoluses 9.
- the panel 1 according to the invention may be made by using the known methods for obtaining plastic products.
- the panel 1 made of expanded plastic material may be produced by injection moulding, possibly in the presence of a chemical or physical expanding agent.
- panel 1 in the building industry may provide its implementation both at the building site and during the production of prefabricated components.
- the panel will have to be laid on the fresh concrete by taking care that the feet 11 are dipped into the concrete until they touch the base surface on which the concrete casting has been carried out. Thereby, the feet 11 will surface flush with the lower surface of the slab, which will just require to be completed by means of the usual plaster suitable to hide the feet 11 to the sight. In the event of fire, the plaster will yield and the expanded material composing the panel 1 will be melted. Vent holes will thus remain in place of the feet 11, from which the gas generated by the melt material within the slab will be released.
- the panel 1 may be used both for manufacturing slabs and floors and in walls, especially padding walls.
- the panel 1 according to the invention will be used as a lightening material on the so-called “platforms", or will serve as a structural element in place of hollow bricks. A further use will be as thermal and/or acoustical insulating material.
- the panel 1 according to the invention has many advantages.
- the panel 1 according to the invention is more lightweight than the solid panel of the prior art, and yet its strength is not reduced. Indeed, due to the particular structure in which the partition walls 6, knurlings 7 and/or ribs created by the provision of the alveoluses 9, 10 serve as the reinforcement ribs, the rigidity and compression strength are improved. By using high-density polystyrene, which is made possible by the alveolar structure allowing to hold the apparent density below 13 kg/m 3 , the friability is also reduced. These properties are very important during both the implementation and the transportation of the panels 1.
- the panels according to the invention also provide an improved thermal and acoustical insulation.
- the embodiment in which the panel 1 is provided with a plurality of feet 11 has the special advantage of providing a much safer use of the inventive panel, particularly in the event of fire.
- the slab manufactured with this panel is, in fact, provided with vent ducts for releasing the gases developing therein during the fire, and is thus much more resistant.
- the feet 11 also perform an important function of level indicators for the cement casting, thereby a smooth thickness is ensured to the concrete layer.
- the shape of the panel base may even not be four-sided, but rather polygonal, circular, elliptical, etc., such that it may suit special slab shapes.
- the panel according to the invention may not lie on a plane, but rather it may have a concave or convex section, for being used in circular or circle arc-shaped walls.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
Claims (27)
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) aus Kunststoffmaterial, gekennzeichnet durch eine Vielzahl blinder Hohlräume (5) in einer Grundfläche (4) und eine Lauffläche (2) auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Grundfläche (4), und geschlossene Seitenflächen (3), wobei der Boden der Hohlräume (5) eine Vielzahl von Alveolen (9) aufweist und wobei diese Alveolen (9) wiederum eine zweite Anzahl von Alveolen (10) an deren Boden aufweisen.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es aus hochdichtem expandierten Polystyrol hergestellt ist und eine Rohdichte, d.h. Gewicht/Gesamtvolumen + Leervolumen, von weniger als 13 kg/m3 aufweist.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Rohdichte, d.h. Gewicht/Gesamtvolumen + Leervolumen, geringer als 10 kg/m3 ist.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das Paneel (1) die Form eines Parallelepipeds aufweist.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Paneel (1), die folgende Größe aufweist: Breite zwischen 200 und 600 mm; Länge zwischen 200 und 3000 mm; Dicke zwischen 100 und 240 mm.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das Volumen des Leerraums zwischen 30% und 70% des Gesamtvolumens des Paneels (1) liegt.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Hohlräume (5) eine Tiefe aufweisen, die zwischen 10% und 95% der Gesamtdicke des Paneels (1) liegt.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Hohlräume (5) Tiefen aufweisen, die zwischen 80% und 95% der Gesamtdicke des Paneels (1) liegen.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die zwischen den Hohlräumen (5) vorgesehenen Trennwände (6) Dicken aufweisen, die sich zwischen 5 und 80 mm bewegen.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei die Hohlräume (5) Öffnungen aufweisen, deren Formen quadratisch, rechteckig, rund, elliptisch, sternförmig, allgemein polygonal ausgebildet sind, und im Inneren spitz zulaufend sein können.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die Lauffläche (2) eine Vielzahl von Rändelungen (7) und/oder Alveolen (9) aufweist.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach Anspruch 11, wobei die Rändelungen (7) parallel zu der kurzen Seite oder der langen Seite des Paneels (1) angeordnet sind, oder sie sind in einer gekreuzten Weise angeordnet.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei in der Grundfläche (4), in der die Hohlräume (5) offen sind, das Paneel (1) einen oder mehrere transversale und/oder longitudinale Blindschlitze (8) aufweist, sodass diese ebenso viele Sollbruchstellen ausbilden.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei die Grundfläche (4) einen oder mehrere Füße (11) aufweist.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach Anspruch 14, wobei die Füße (11) in einer Anzahl von eins bis vier vorliegen und an den Eckpunkten des Paneels (1) angeordnet sind.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, aufweisend nur einen Fuß (11), der vorzugsweise in der Mitte des Paneels (1) angeordnet ist.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 16, wobei der eine oder die mehreren Füße (11) eine Höhe von etwa 4 cm aufweisen.
- Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, wobei das Paneel (1) aus expandiertem Kunststoffmaterial ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung des Konstruktionspaneels (1) nach Anspruch 18, wobei das Paneel (1) durch Spritzgießen erhalten wird, eventuell in Gegenwart eines chemischen oder physikalischen Expansionsmittels.
- Konstruktionselement aus Beton geeignet zur Herstellung von Decken, Böden oder Wänden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein Konstruktionspaneel (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18 beinhaltet, welches in dem Beton versenkt wird.
- Konstruktionselement aus Beton nach Anspruch 20, wobei das Element vorgefertigt ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung des Konstruktionselements aus Beton nach Anspruch 20 oder 21, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte aufweist:- Bildung einer Betonschicht,- Ablegen des Paneels (1) mit der nach oben gekehrten Lauffläche (2),- optionales Einfügen eines elektrogeschweißten Metallgitters, und- Bedecken mit Hilfe von Betonguss, sodass das Paneel (1) in dem Zement versenkt wird.
- Herstellungsverfahren nach Anspruch 22, wobei während des Schrittes des Ablegens des Paneels (1) mit der nach oben gekehrten Lauffläche (2) die Füße (11) des Paneels (1) in den frischen Beton getaucht werden, bis sie die Oberfläche erreichen, auf die der Beton gegossen wurde, und an die Oberfläche desselben aufsteigen.
- Verwendung des Konstruktionspaneels (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18 in der Bauindustrie.
- Verwendung nach Anspruch 24 als ein Erleichterungsmaterial.
- Verwendung nach Anspruch 24 als ein Strukturelement anstatt hohler Ziegel.
- Verwendung nach Anspruch 24 als ein thermisch und/oder akustisch isolierendes Material.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20060114432 EP1726730B1 (de) | 2005-05-23 | 2006-05-23 | Konstruktionselement |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05425358 | 2005-05-23 | ||
EP06425075 | 2006-02-13 | ||
EP20060114432 EP1726730B1 (de) | 2005-05-23 | 2006-05-23 | Konstruktionselement |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1726730A2 EP1726730A2 (de) | 2006-11-29 |
EP1726730A3 EP1726730A3 (de) | 2007-10-03 |
EP1726730B1 true EP1726730B1 (de) | 2010-03-03 |
Family
ID=36889019
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20060114432 Not-in-force EP1726730B1 (de) | 2005-05-23 | 2006-05-23 | Konstruktionselement |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1726730B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2416929A1 (es) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-02 | Viguetas Navarras, S.L. | Bovedilla insonora para forjados |
IT201600117201A1 (it) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-02-21 | Luca Pescio | Solaio autoportante ad elementi prefabbricati alleggeriti |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1052499A (de) * | ||||
AT283680B (de) * | 1965-05-21 | 1970-08-10 | Bucher Franz | Schalungselement |
DE1807765B2 (de) * | 1968-11-08 | 1975-11-06 | Heinrich 6700 Ludwigshafen Hebgen | Einstückiger Schalkörper aus Kunststoff-Hartschaum für Stahlbetonrippendecken |
DE2007251A1 (de) * | 1970-02-18 | 1971-08-26 | Pflug, Max, 7100 Heilbronn | Biegebeanspruchtes Bauglied aus Beton mit Fullkorpereinlagen |
FR2134334A1 (en) * | 1971-04-23 | 1972-12-08 | Silves Antonio | Polystyrene blocks for concrete shuttering |
BE786543A (fr) * | 1971-07-22 | 1973-01-22 | Williams Geoffrey M J C O Scot | Procede perfectionne pour la fabrication de structures en beton |
FR2769650B1 (fr) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-11-19 | Materiaux Modernes De Construc | Bloc de construction creux modulable en longueur et jeu de tels blocs |
IT249421Y1 (it) * | 2000-09-25 | 2003-05-07 | Geoplast Srl | Elemento modulare per la realizzazione di solai aerati e/o isolati. |
-
2006
- 2006-05-23 EP EP20060114432 patent/EP1726730B1/de not_active Not-in-force
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1726730A3 (de) | 2007-10-03 |
EP1726730A2 (de) | 2006-11-29 |
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