EP1720704A1

EP1720704A1 - Method and device for operating printing units, and guiding element

Info

Publication number: EP1720704A1
Application number: EP05707982A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Manfred Herrmann Liebler; Martin Heinz Schoeps
Original assignee: Koenig and Bauer AG
Current assignee: Koenig and Bauer AG
Priority date: 2004-03-01
Filing date: 2005-02-09
Publication date: 2006-11-15
Also published as: WO2005082619A1; DE102004009861A1; DE102004009861B4; EP1900520A2

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for the alternate operation of a first and a second printing unit (05, 05.1, 05.2) through which a web (02) runs, said printing units having one guiding element (01) each in at least one feed and/or discharge area for deflecting the web (02), which can be optionally introduced into the web path. In a first operation situation, the first printing unit (05.1, 05.2) is in the print-on position and the guiding element (01), disposed in the feed and/or discharge area, of the first printing unit is switched off, while the second printing unit (05.2, 05.1) is in the print-off position and the guiding element (01) disposed in the feed and/or discharge area of said second printing unit (05.2, 05.1) is placed against it. In a second operating situation, the second printing unit is in the print-on position and the guiding element (01), disposed in the feed and/or discharge area, of said second printing unit is switched off, while the first printing unit is in the print-off position and the guiding element (01) disposed in the feed and/or discharge area of said first printing unit is placed against it.

Description

Method and device for operating printing units and guide element

The invention relates to methods and a device for the operation of printing units as well as a guide element according to the preamble of claim 1 or 2 or 22.

US 56 17 788 A discloses a printing press with a plurality of printing units, two printing units being operated alternately in an imprint operation. In the imprint mode, the web is guided in both the parked and the parked manner via a pivotable guide element in such a way that it runs through the printing unit almost perpendicular to the plane connecting the centers of the printing cylinders. In normal operation, the web runs through all printing units without interaction with the guide elements that are now swung away.

From DE 93 11 113 U1 a printing unit with two web guiding elements is known, which are arranged in an inlet and an outlet area of a printing unit such that a web can be guided through the printing point without contact when the printing point is turned off. The web guide elements are designed as rollers rotatably mounted in the side walls.

US 37 44 693 A discloses a turning bar in one embodiment, a tube wall segment made of porous, air-permeable material together with a base body forming a closed pressure chamber. The porous segment forms a wall of the chamber and is load-bearing across its width - without a load-bearing base. In a second example, a segment having through bores is arranged instead of the porous segment.

US 5423 468 A shows a guide element which has a bore Has inner body and an outer body made of porous, air-permeable material. The holes in the inner body are only provided in the expected wrapping area.

JP 2002114419 A discloses a guide element which can be brought into the path. When setting up the printing press, this is brought into the web path in such a way that the web runs through it without contact when the printing point is parked. If the printing unit is in the print-on position in printing operation, the guide element is brought out of contact with the web.

DE 100 08 936 A1 discloses a printing press with two printing units that can be operated alternately in the printing-on position. For these two printing units, guide elements which are offset in height from the transport plane are provided such that the web only touches one of the two transfer cylinders when the printing point is turned off.

The invention has for its object to provide methods and a device for operating printing units and a guide element.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1 or 2 or 22.

The advantages that can be achieved with the invention consist in particular in the fact that high print quality can be achieved in imprint operation. On the one hand, this is achieved by the fact that the web freshly printed by the printing unit in the printing unit is not unnecessarily redirected shortly behind the printing point and thus the printed area is possibly damaged. On the other hand, with as little deflection as possible, the web experiences the least disruption in its running and web tension. A special design of the guide element with micro bores creates a reliable and precisely working web guide element of a printing unit. An air cushion created by means of micro-openings creates a high degree of homogeneity over the length of the air cushion with at the same time low losses. In contrast to rollers, there is no inertia to overcome, especially with varying speeds.

By means of air outlet openings with diameters in the millimeter range, forces (impulse of the beam) can be applied selectively to the material, by means of which it is placed remotely from the component in question or to another component, while wide distribution and priority is given by distributing micro-openings with a high hole density the effect of a trained air cushion comes into play. The cross-section of holes previously used was, for example, 1 to 3 mm, whereas for the micro-openings the cross-section was at least a power of ten smaller. This creates significantly different effects. For example, the distance between the surface supporting the openings and the web can be reduced, the volume flow of fluid can be significantly reduced, and thereby the leakage currents emerging outside the effective range with the web can be significantly reduced.

In contrast to components with openings or bores of opening cross sections in the range of millimeters and a hole spacing of several millimeters, a much more homogeneous surface structure is advantageously created when micro-openings are formed on the surface. Micro-openings are understood here to mean openings on the surface of the component which have a diameter of less than or equal to 500 μm, advantageously less than or equal to 300 μm, in particular less than or equal to 150 μm. A “hole density” for the area provided with the micro-openings is at least one micro-opening per 5 mm ² (= 0.20 / mm ² ), advantageously at least one micro-opening per 3.6 mm ² (= 0.28 / mm ² ). By designing the openings as micro-openings, the air cushion is evened out and the volume flow exiting per unit area is reduced in such a way that a leakage flow can also be reasonably small in areas not wrapped by the web.

The micro-openings can advantageously be designed as open pores on the surface of a porous, in particular microporous, air-permeable material or as openings of through-holes with a small cross-section which extend through the wall of a supply chamber to the outside. In another version, the micro-openings are designed as openings in continuous micro-holes.

In order to achieve a uniform distribution of air escaping on the surface of the material in the case of the use of microporous material, without at the same time requiring high layer thicknesses of the material with high flow resistance, it is expedient for the guide element to have a solid, air-permeable carrier on which the microporous material is applied as a layer. Such a carrier can be pressurized with compressed air, which flows out of the carrier through the microporous layer and thus forms an air cushion on the surface of the component.

This carrier can in turn be porous with a better air permeability than that of the microporous material; however, it can also be formed from a flat material or molded material which encloses a cavity and is provided with air passage openings. Combinations of these alternatives are also possible.

In order to achieve a uniform air distribution, it is also desirable that the thickness of the layer corresponds at least to the distance between adjacent openings of the carrier.

In the case of the use of micro bores, an embodiment is advantageous, with the Web facing side and the micro-openings side of the guide element is formed as an insert or multiple inserts in a carrier. In further training, the insert can be detachably and, if necessary, exchangeably connected to the carrier. This makes it possible to clean and / or replace inserts of different types of microperforations to adapt to different materials and web widths.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of several traversed by a web

Printing units with a control device;

2 shows a section through a first embodiment of a guide element;

3 shows a section through a second embodiment of a guide element;

4 shows a section through a third embodiment of a guide element;

5 shows a section through a fourth embodiment of a guide element;

6 shows a section through a fifth embodiment of a guide element;

7 shows a section through a sixth embodiment of a guide element;

8 shows a section through a seventh embodiment of a guide element; 9 shows a section through an eighth embodiment of a guide element;

10 shows a schematic illustration of a pivotable guide element in two printing units;

11 shows schematic representations a) and b) of a pivotable guide element;

12 shows a schematic illustration of a guide element which can be rotated in itself;

13 shows a schematic illustration of an operating mode in “normal mode” and two operating modes in imprint mode.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic section through three of a web 02, z. B. material web 02 or substrate 02, in particular paper web 02, successively passed printing units 05, z. B. printing units 05 for perfecting, in particular offset printing units 05 for perfecting. The printing units 05 can also in other ways, for. B. as a three-cylinder offset printing units 05, as a direct or flexographic printing unit, as a printing unit for letterpress printing or gravure printing or different from one another.

At least one, but preferably two, of the printing units 05 have a guide element 01, eg, in the inlet and / or outlet area of the pressure gap 10. B. web guiding element 01, which, when it is in active contact with web 02, enables web travel through printing unit 05 in such a way that web 02 is guided through pressure nip 10 without contact. For this purpose, the printing unit 05 can in principle be assigned a single guide element 01 of this type, which enables the above-mentioned web run. In an advantageous and illustrated embodiment, the above-mentioned non-contact web run is, however, effected by a guide element 01 arranged in the inlet area and in the outlet area of the pressure gap 10. The printing unit 05 has a web guiding element 01 in the inlet and / or outlet area in order to be able to guide an already printed web 02 through the printing nip 10 without contact when the printing point is turned off. This printing unit 05 can be operated as an impression printing unit 05 or as a printing unit 05 for the flying printing form change in alternation to a second printing unit 05 of this type. In an operating situation, the web 02 is printed by one of the printing units 05 while it passes through the other of these printing units 05 without contact. The reverse situation occurs in the other operating situation. The two web guide elements 01 are, for. B. spatially arranged so that the web 02 in the area of the pressure gap 10 is substantially perpendicular to a connecting plane of the two cylinders forming the pressure point. One of the printing units 05 is set up and prints on the web 02 of at least two printing units 05 in imprint mode, while the other is turned off and the web 02 passes through it without contact. The printing press preferably has five printing units 05, in one operating mode one of the five printing units 05 is run through without contact, while the web 02 is printed in four colors (eg on both sides) by the remaining four printing units 05. In the other operating situation, the printing unit 05, which was previously run without contact, is engaged in printing operation, while one of the four previously printing units 05 is run through without contact. * At least the two printing units 05 to be run through without contact each point at least in the inlet area, but in particular in the inlet and outlet areas of the Pressure gap 10 on the guide elements 01. The alternate operation described is preferably carried out by the first two of the five printing units 05, these being designed accordingly with the guide elements 01. The first printing unit 05 then has at least in the outlet area, the second both in the outlet and inlet area, for example, essentially contactless, z. B. air-flushed, guide elements 01. In the inlet area of the first printing unit 05, a guide element 01 designed as a conventional guide roller 01 can be rotatably mounted in the side frame. The web guiding element 01 in the outlet area of at least one of the two printing units 05 provided for mutual printing is movably arranged in one direction with a component perpendicular to the plane of the web 02. I.e. the web guide element 01 is designed to be brought into active contact or out of active contact by moving the same with the web 02. In the former, the web 02 is deflected coming from a direct path from the printing nip 10. If the guide element 01 is in operative contact (position A), the web 02 experiences a change in its path in the manner shown compared to that of position B.

10 schematically shows the above-mentioned facts using a first and a second, subsequent printing unit 05 (only partially shown and labeled 05.1 and 05.2). As an example, the second printing unit 05.2 is in the print-on position (ON), while the web 02 passes through the first printing unit 05.1 in the print-down position (AB) without contact.

For this purpose, the first printing unit 05.1 each has a guide element 01 in the inlet and outlet area of its printing nip 10 for guiding the web 02 accordingly. The two guide elements 01 are in such a position A that the web 02 passes the pressure nip 10 without contact at pressure down (AB). For this purpose, these can in principle be arranged in a fixed position with respect to the web 02 in the printing unit 05.1 (05.2). In particular, the guide element 01 in the entrance area can be arranged as a rotatable guide roller 01 in the frame of the printing unit 05.1. In an advantageous embodiment, however, at least the guide element 01 is arranged to be movable in its position with respect to a direction with a component perpendicular to the plane of the web 02 in the outlet area. In Fig. 10 it is in position A and enables the web 02 to pass through the printing unit 05.1 without contact. If it were moved to position B, it would no longer be in contact with web 02 and would no longer force it into the web guide shown in solid lines. In this case, the web 02 would be from the surface of the (upper) cylinder 21, e.g. B. transfer cylinder 21 run directly to the printing nip 10 of the next printing unit 05.2 or a guide element 01 assigned to this next printing unit 05.2. In a further development, the guide element 01 is also mounted in the inlet area in such a way that it can optionally be brought into the two positions A and B. In this way, with print on (ON) and position B, a straight and thus undisturbed web run through the printing unit 05.1 (05.2) can be achieved for both guide elements 01. The wrapping of the cylinders 21 required for the low-doubling pressure is ensured, for example, by the offset of the centers of rotation of the cylinders 21 in relation to one another in the horizontal direction (for example angle α to the vertical) (FIG. 1).

The second printing unit 05.2 also has a guide element 01 in the inlet and outlet area of its printing nip 10 for guiding the web 02 accordingly. The cylinders 21 forming the printing gap 10, here two transfer cylinders 21, are located or the second printing unit 05.2 is in the print-on position (ON). However, the guide element 01 is arranged in the outlet area in its position with respect to a direction with a component perpendicular to the plane of the web 02 and in this case from the direct path between the pressure gap 10 and a subsequent guide element (not shown) (e.g. again a Guide element 01) or a subsequent pressure gap 10 or a subsequent processing stage ^' i removed. I.e. it is in a position B in which it does not interact with the web 02 to guide it. The web 02 freshly printed in the second printing unit 05.2 thus does not interact directly after the printing with a guide element 01 assigned to this printing unit 05.2. B. by smearing is significantly reduced. If the web 02 comes into active contact with a guide element 01 or with a subsequent processing stage in the entrance area of a subsequent printing unit 05, the ink has already largely penetrated the web 02 ("knocked off").

In an advantageous embodiment of the printing press have at least two for the alternating pressure provided printing units 05 each at least in their outlet area on a movable guide element 01 in the above manner. In an advantageous mode of operation of the printing press, at least the guide element 01 arranged in the outlet is of the printing unit 05.1; which is in a first operating situation; 05.2 switched off, ie brought into position B outside the web path, while in the corresponding printing unit 05.2; 05.1 that the guide element 01 arranged in the outlet area is brought into the path of the web 02 in such a way that the printing unit 05.2; 05.1 can pass through without contact. If there is a change in the operating situation such that the other printing unit 05.2; 05.1 printed, and with the first printing unit 05.1; 05.2 is not to be printed, it is again that of the printing unit 05.2; 05.1 assigned guide element 01 parked in the outlet area (position B), while in the non-printing printing unit 05.1; 05.2 the guide element 01 in the run-out area changes the path in the manner described above (position A).

Although the arrangement of the movable guide element 01 located in the outlet area is shown in such a way that it is located in the parked position B above the undisturbed path 02 and deflects the path 02 downwards in position A, this is however to be applied in the same way in the reverse case , namely ^ Position B below the plane of the web and deflection of the web 02 upwards. However, the latter is particularly advantageous if an imaginary line connecting the centers of rotation of the interacting cylinders 21 is inclined with respect to the vertical in a manner opposite to that shown in FIG. H. z. B. -ß. It is essential that the position B of the guide element 01 is selected such that there is no deflection of the web 01 by the guide element 01 in this position.

In contrast to procedures, the web 02 during the imprint operation of the printing press in the printing unit 05 which is alternately in print-on (AN) and print-down (AB) in both operating situations of the imprint operation by the If guide element 01 is deflected in the outlet area, web 02 is deflected here in the pressure-down (AB) operating situation by guide element 01 in the outlet area, but is not deflected in the pressure-on (AN) operating situation. I.e. when changing the pressure from one to the other printing unit 05.1; 05.2, the guide element 01 is in the outlet area of the printing unit 05.1; 05.2 pivoted while the guide element 01 in the outlet area of the z. B. for the plate change printing unit 05.2; 05.1 is employed. If the guide elements 01 are also movably arranged in the entrance area in the manner described, in a further development they are switched on and off in the same way as those in the exit area. Thus, in the print-on (AN) there is in each case a flat (except for the offset due to the angle α) or at least in the area of the printing unit 05.1; 05.2 essentially undisturbed web run, while in S-Ab (AB) the S-shaped web run, as shown in Fig. 10 for the first printing unit 05.1, is present.

The movable guide elements 01 preferably have (in FIG. 1 only symbolically for the guide elements 01 in the outlet area) drives 22, by means of which the guide elements 01 can be moved from position A to B and vice versa. As shown schematically in FIG. 11, these can be designed, for example, as cylinders 22 to be actuated with pressure means, which are mounted on a frame of the printing unit 05; 05.1; 05.2 mounted lever 32 act (Fig. 11 a)). However, they can also be designed as electric motors 22 (for example via a spindle drive) which drive a pivoting movement of a lever 32 or a linear movement of a carriage 32 carrying the guide element 01 (FIG. 11b). The linear movement can also be motor-driven with a cylinder 22 from FIG. 11 a) and the pivoting movement. Drive mechanisms, in particular drives 22, are advantageously arranged in the region of both end faces of the guide element 01. The guide element 01 is indicated schematically here as a rotationally symmetrical body. A pivot axis S01 for the guide element 01 is preferably outside its geometry and therefore has a large travel range. In the case of linear motion it lies in infinity.

The setting of the movable guide elements 01 via the drives 22 is preferably carried out remotely, for. B. via a common control device 23. The control device 23, for example, issues the output command for the drives 22 in connection with the current and / or upcoming operating situation of the respective printing unit 05.1 provided for alternating printing; 05.2. In an advantageous procedure, the control device 23 when changing from one to the other printing unit 05.1; 05.2 automatically the setting of the guide elements 01 in such a way that the above-mentioned. Web guidance (just with the print and deflected - e.g. S-shaped - in the parked printing unit 05.1; 05.2) is reached. The control device 23 thus works in such a way that in a first operating situation when printing with the first printing unit 05.1 and changing the plate on the second printing unit 05.2, at least the downstream guide element 01 of the first printing unit 05.1 is switched off and at least the downstream guide element 01 of the second printing unit 05.1 is turned on and vice versa in a second operating situation (FIG. 10).

The control device 23 has the timing control, in particular for the synchronization of the actuating movement of the cylinder 21 and the actuating movement of the * ^■ * #

Guide elements 01, for example, an interface to a control device or machine control 25 controlling the change, or else it is integrated in the latter. The control device 23 can also be provided on each printing unit 05.1; 05.2 may be provided, in which case, for example, a corresponding synchronization of the respective printing group 05.1; 05.2 assigned printing unit control, e.g. B. a printing unit PLC, forth or an initiator triggered by the setting of the cylinder 21.

In a particularly advantageous further development, the change in the operating situation (and therefore a change in the railway path) on one or more of the Printing units 05 automatically made a correction of the longitudinal register or provided information, if any, on automatic longitudinal register regulation, which was to be expected, about the expected change in the web path and the pressure offset to be compensated for.

In a first embodiment, when changing from one operating situation to another, the rotational angle position of the printing group 05, in particular of the forme cylinder not shown, is changed, for example by an actuator or the influencing element influencing the relative angular position φ _{t of} the printing unit 05.i in question or its forme cylinder. a current setpoint for the relative angular position φ _{t is} subjected to a correction Δφ _t or difference Δφ _t . This difference .DELTA..phi. _T correlates with the change of path described when the operating situation changes and can be, for example, in a table (see, for example, FIG. 13) for the printing units 05; 05.1; 05.2 as corrections Δφi; Δφ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _t (with _λ as one of the printing units, for example 1 to 5) can be stored in the control device 23 or in a computing and / or storage unit 26 connected to it. Furthermore, a temporal ramp can also be specified, on which the change in the relative angular position φ _t is traversed by the difference. If one changes from one mode of operation to the other, the relative angular positions φ _t of printing units 05 to be corrected are, for example, corrected by Δφj; Δφ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _t changes, while the next change back to the first mode of operation the corrections -Δφi; -ΔΦ ₂ ; -Δφ ₃ ; -Δφ _{t can be} made.

In the case of a printing press shown in FIG. 1, the printing units 05 being mechanically independent of one another by in each case at least one separate drive 24, in particular individual drive 24, e.g. B. drive motors, each with associated drive control or regulation, are driven in rotation, then these drives 24 are connected to one another by a common computing and / or storage unit 26 designed as a drive control 26, a so-called electronic master axis 26 (see also FIG 13). This gives one with the production speed correlated circumferential master axis position φ. The relative angular positions φ _{t of} the individual printing units 05.i are then made up of the master axis position and a specific offset angle δ _t , which takes into account the fact that the register is stable (see below). In this case, the corrections Δφi; ΔΦ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _t are acted upon by the control device 23 to the instantaneous setpoints for the angular positions φ _{t of} the individual drives 24 or printing units 05.i either directly or via the drive control 26 via the corresponding network.

For this purpose, the control device 23 stands, for example, with the computing and / or

Storage unit 26 in such a logical connection that with the setting of the guide elements

01 a correction Δφi of the angular position φ _t compensating for the path change on one or more of the printing units 05; 05.1; 05.2 takes place. In particular, this correction of at least one target value for the angular position φ _{v is carried out} with respect to a basic state of the

Printing machine in an operating mode for normal multi-color printing, hereinafter referred to as "normal operation" (in contrast to "imprint operation")

Control device 23 and the computing and / or storage unit 26, for example in

There are signal connections to one another, the computing and / or storage unit 26 containing the information relevant to the change (for example time, change of route and / or

* «J relevant printing unit 05) from the control device 23 or the machine control

25 receives.

In a first embodiment, the above-mentioned “normal operation” can preferably be defined by a web guide in which the web 02 is guided through all the printing units 05.i assigned to this web 02 and would be printed by all of them, ie printed simultaneously by all printing units 05.i. For this "normal state", the offset angle δ _t and thus the relative angular positions φ _t for this basic state are determined and in the drive controller, for example by trial printing ("impression") or also by calculation of the web path and the length of the printing section the drives 24 themselves, the Machine control 25 or the computing and / or storage unit 26 is kept available and taken into account when determining the setpoints for the angular positions φ _{t of} the individual printing units 05.i. The basic state is preferably distinguished by the fact that the web 02 assumes or would take up exactly the position for printing with all the associated printing units 05.i. In the event that the web 02 is moved by a cylinder 21 towards a second cylinder 21 when the print is turned on, the position of the web 02 in the print-on position should preferably be taken into account for the basic state. In the event that guide elements 01 are pivoted into the web path for the contactless implementation and for the printing operation of the printing unit in question

05.1 are swiveled away again, the last-mentioned position of the web 02 must be taken into account for the basic state.

13 illustrates an advantageous embodiment of the method using the example of a printing press having a plurality of printing units 05 or printing units 05 here: preferably the first two printing units 05.1;

05.2 the alternating pressure units 05.1; 05.2 for imprint operation. The five printing units 05 are each mechanically driven independently of one another by drives 24 (not shown) (see FIG. 1) and receive from the electronic or virtual master axis 26 either the current master axis position φ or ^'" already a specific target value for the angular position φ _t . The specific setpoint for the angular position φ _t of each printing unit 05 is then composed of this master axis position φ and the offset angle δ specific for each printing unit 05.i, which is the path length between the printing units and the printing length (cylinder circumference ) taken into account in such a way that through the printing units 05 i printed color separations are applied to the web 02 passer manner. in other embodiments receive the drives 24 φ the master axis position and take into account the spot the pre kept there offset angle δ _t. This offset angle δ _t are, for example

In an advantageous embodiment, 05.i or the associated ones are now available for printing units Drives 24 the offset angle δ, and / or angular positions φ _{t of} the basic state or an operating mode B0 in normal operation, which serves as the basis or reference for an operation or a change in another operating mode, eg. B. in an operating mode B1; B2 of the imprint company is used. Corrections made above Δφi; Δφz; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _t can now when changing between the operating modes B0; B1; B2 refer to this mode of operation B0. FIG. 13 illustrates this situation by showing a path through the five printing units 05.i for the operating mode B0 in normal operation (solid), a first operating mode B1 in imprint mode (dashed lines) and a second operating mode in imprint mode (dotted). The printing units 05.i itself do not indicate whether they are in the print-on position or the print-down position. For the web guide in question, the print-down position of a printing unit 05.i can be seen in FIG. 13 by the s-shaped web guide in the area of this printing unit 05.i.

The five printing units 05. i receive the master axis position φ through the virtual master axis 26 and are shown in the illustration z. B. each in their relative angular position φ. for the basic state or mode of operation BO. The tabular overview gives an example of the required and available corrections Δφi; Δφ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _t per operating mode in the event that the first two of the printing units 05.i are intended for the changing pressure. In the event, however, that other printing units 05.i would be provided for this, the table deviates considerably from that of FIG. 13 and requires corrections Δφi which differ from zero at significantly more places in the table; ΔΦ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _t . The positions marked with "-" in the table each indicate the printing unit 05.i which is not in the print-on state, which for example is currently undergoing an setup program and does not follow the leading axis 26.

When operating in operating mode B1, a correction Δφi which compensates for the path change on the second printing unit 05.2 with respect to the basic state is required on the first printing group 05.1 based on the basic state and its angular position φi. this applies also for changing from operating mode B2 to operating mode B1 or from operating mode BO to operating mode B1. This correction Δφi is automatically taken into account when operating in this operating mode B1, e.g. B. added accordingly to the leading axis position φ as a further offset Δφi. All other places in the table for potentially required corrections Δφi; ΔΦ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _{t of} the individual printing units 05. i in the three operating modes BO; B1; B2 have the value "0". This is due to the fact that the first two printing units 05.1; 05.2 are used for imprint operation, that the operating mode B0 of the basic state is used as a reference and that the correction is "upstream", ie a change on the first printing unit 05.1, and not downstream. If the registration between the printing units 05.i were to be produced, for example by keeping the first printing unit 05.1 in an angular position unchanged from the basic state during operation in operating mode B1, then all of the following printing units 05.3; 05.4; 05.5 be corrected. This would also change a cutting register for a subsequent cross cutting and would in turn require a correction ΔS.

In the event that the first two printing units did not implement imprint operation, corresponding corrections would be Δφi; ΔΦ2; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _t as offset values Δφi; Δφ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _t to be taken into account at other printing units 05. i, in particular to add to the master axis position φ.

Thus, in the embodiment described with the leading axis 26 z. B. the control of the drives 24 of the printing units 05.i in any operating mode of normal and imprint mode B0; B1; B2 relative to operating mode B0 of the basic state, the angular positions φ also in operating modes B1; B2 of the imprint operation are initially related to the basic state, ie to the master axis position φ with the specific offset angles δ., For example with φ + δ _t for the printing units 05.i, and in at least one operating mode B1; B2 of the imprint operation at least on one printing unit 05.i, e.g. B. printing unit 05.1, an additional, the path change considering the held offset Δφ _x ; Δφ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _t (correction) is applied to the basic state φ + δ _t , z. B. as a new angular position value φ + δ _x + Δφι.

In one embodiment, the printing press has an automatic register device 27, for example the relative position of the printing units 05.1; 05.2; 05 etc. applied to each other in the longitudinal direction is determined, and in the event of deviations from the desired state by the register device 27, a corresponding correction in the angular position φ of one or more relevant printing units 05.1; 05.2; 05 etc. is made. In principle, such a register device 27 can correct the error when changing the two above. Compensate modes of operation, but in practice this would require a very slow change (so that the regulation can follow) and / or trigger an unstable behavior of the register device 27 when changing (since the changes, i.e. from the point of view of the register device 27 the errors, are too big.

For this purpose, it is advantageous in a further development to override the control by means of the register device 27 for a time window in the course of the change or at least to increase a timing element influencing the reaction time in such a way that no correction is initially made in the event of a short-term deviation from the desired state. The corrections Δφi; Δφ _2; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _t can be given directly or via the drive control 26 to the relevant actuators or the drives 24 in this time period, as set out above, so that after this critical time period the register device 27 can be used again for (residual) deviations that can be handled by it.

At least the two web guiding elements 01 of the printing unit 05 designed for the mutual printing or / and at least the web guiding element 01 arranged in the outlet area of the printing nip 10 of at least one printing unit 05 are or is preferably as a largely contactless web guiding element 01, in particular as an air-flushed rod 01, in which way described below educated.

The outer surface of the guide element 01 has openings 03, z. B. micro-openings 03 through which in operation from an interior cavity 04, z. B. a chamber 04, in particular pressure chamber 04, pressurized fluid against the environment, for. B. a liquid, a gas or a mixture, especially air, flows. A corresponding supply of compressed air into the cavity 04 is not shown in the figures.

The guide element 01 has at least the surface of the micro-openings 03 on the side that interacts with the web 02 or on the side facing the web 02. However, it can also have the openings 03 on other sides not facing the web 02, or at least on its longitudinal section which interacts with the web 02, consist entirely of a material having the micro-openings 03.

This simplest design without a preferred direction for the arrangement of the openings 03 is made possible by the formation of the openings 03 as micro-openings 03, since this creates a thinner but more homogeneous air cushion, at the same time a required or resulting volume flow and therefore also a leakage flow via the “open” side In contrast to openings of large cross-section, the high resistance of the micro-openings 03 means that “not covering” a region of openings does not lead to a type of short-circuit current. The partial resistance falling through the openings 03 is given an increased weight in the overall resistance.

In a first embodiment (FIGS. 2 to 6), the micro-openings 03 are open pores on the surface of a porous, in particular micro-porous, air-permeable material 06, e.g. B. made of an open-pore sintered material 06, in particular made of sintered metal. The pores of the air-permeable porous material 06 have a medium one Diameter (average size) of less than 150 μm, e.g. B. 5 to 60 microns, in particular 10 to 30 microns. The material 06 is formed with an irregular, amorphous structure.

The choice of material, dimensioning and pressurization are selected such that 1 - 20 standard cubic meters per m ² , in particular 2 to 15 standard cubic meters per m ² , emerge from the air outlet surface of the sintered material 06. The air outlet of 3 to 7 standard cubic meters per m ² is particularly advantageous.

The sintered surface from the cavity 04 is advantageously subjected to an excess pressure of at least 1 bar, in particular more than 4 bar. It is particularly advantageous to apply an overpressure of 5 to 7 bar to the sintered surface.

If the cavity 04 of the guide element 01, at least on its longitudinal section cooperating with the web 02, is essentially formed solely from a body of porous material 06 enclosing the cavity 04 (ie without further load-bearing layers), this is e.g. B. tubular body substantially self-supporting with a wall thickness of greater than or equal to 2 mm, in particular greater than or equal to 3 mm, formed (Fig. 2). Possibly. can extend a carrier in the cavity 04 on which the body or may selectively in regions ¹ <supported, but which is not completely covered by the body in operative contact. Such a body of porous material 06 can, as shown in FIG. 3, also be designed in the shape of a half shell.

In order to achieve a uniform distribution of air emerging on the surface of the microporous material 06 without simultaneously requiring high layer thicknesses of the material 06 with a correspondingly increased flow resistance, it is advantageous in an advantageous embodiment that the guide elements 01 have a solid, at least partially air-permeable carrier 07 on which the microporous material 06 is applied as a layer 06 (FIGS. 4, 5 and 6). Such a carrier 07 can with compressed air are applied, which flows out of the carrier 07 through the microporous layer 06 and thus forms an air cushion on the surface of the guide element 01. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the porous material 06 is thus not designed as a load-bearing solid body (with or without a frame construction), but rather as a coating 06 on a carrier material, in particular metallic, which has openings 08 or through openings 08. In contrast to, for example, the above-mentioned “self-supporting” layers, “non-load-bearing” layer 06 in conjunction with the carrier 07 is understood to be a structure, the layer 06 being supported on a plurality of support points of the carrier 07 over its entire layer length and overall layer width. The carrier 07 has z. B. on its cooperating with the layer 06 width and length each have a plurality of unrelated bushings 08. This embodiment is clearly different from an embodiment in which a porous material 06, which extends over the entire width interacting with the web 02, is designed to be self-supporting over this distance, is supported only in one end region on a frame or carrier, and therefore one must have the appropriate strength.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the carrier material essentially absorbs the weight, shear, torsion, bending and / or shear forces of the component, which is why a corresponding wall thickness (for example greater than 3 mm , in particular greater than 5 mm) of the carrier 07 and / or a correspondingly stiffened construction is selected. The z. B. delimiting the cavity 04 to the layer 06, or by appropriate shaping (z. B. tubular in Fig. 4) forming the cavity 04 carrier 07 has on the side coated with the porous material 06 a plurality of openings 09 for supplying the Compressed air in the porous material 06. Also in the openings 09 of the carrier 07 z. T. porous material 06 are.

The guide element 01, as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, also has the base body 07 designated carrier 07 with the cavity or interior 04, z. B. a tubular support 07 (Fig. 4), which has in its wall radially up to the lateral surface a plurality of through openings 09. The carrier 07 can in principle be designed with any hollow profile, but advantageously with an annular profile. Through the cavity 04 and the openings 09, a fluid, for. B. gas, which z. B. is by a compressor, not shown, under a pressure P greater than the ambient pressure. The lateral surface of the carrier 07 has, at least in the section provided with openings 09, the layer 06 made of the porous material 06, which also covers the openings 09 and extends continuously over the area interacting with the web 02, that is to say a continuous surface at least in the direction of the web 02 forms the intended area.

In another embodiment (FIGS. 5 and 6), the cavity 04 is not formed by a carrier 07 designed as a tube with an annular shape, but in a different geometry. The carrier 07 advantageously has a part-circular wall 15 or wall 15 (in particular with a fixed radius or radius of curvature R07 or R15 with respect to a fixed center point M07), which is closed on its open side, for example by a cover 20. This part-circular wall 15 with cover 20 can be made in one piece or in several pieces but connected to one another. 5, the partial circle angle γ of the wall 15 having the openings 09 is selected to be approximately 180 °. With this measure, the largest possible effective area can be achieved with, for example, a certain width b01 of the guide element 01 - for example a maximum width specified for reasons of installation space (FIG. 6). For a desired or specified width b01, the radius R15 for the pitch circle (or the tube as raw material) is selected based on the required deflection (deflection angle α of the change in direction of the path 02) and a corresponding pitch circle is removed. A deflection is thus as "soft" as possible and is supported by the air cushion in the largest possible area on the available installation space. 6, a pitch circle angle γ is less than 180 °, z. B. between 10 ° and 150 °, in particular between, here about 90 °. In a preferred embodiment for use in the area of the printing gap 10 in front of and / or behind the printing unit 05, the pitch circle angle γ is selected to be 10 ° to 45 °, in particular between 15 ° and 35 °. The width b01 is chosen, for example, to be 30 to 150 mm, in particular 50 to 110 mm. The radius of curvature R15 for the wall 15 is, for example, between 120 and 150 mm, in particular between 140 and 200 mm. The layer 06 can, as in FIG. 5, be extended to the front cover 20 or else only cover the curved wall 15 receiving the openings 09 (FIG. 6). The layer 06 can also be flattened in its outgoing area, forming a smooth transition.

With the measure mentioned, with a width b01 of the guide element 01 or width b07 of the carrier 07 - for example a maximum width specified for reasons of installation space - the largest possible area of the air cushion that can be used as a support can be achieved. With a desired or specified width b01, the radius is based on the required deflection (exemplarily shown as deflection angle α of the change in direction of the web 02 in FIG. 1 in the first printing unit 05)

<! oi R07 selected for the pitch circle (b∑w.'cfas tube as raw material) and a corresponding pitch circle was removed. A deflection is thus as "soft" as possible and is supported by the air cushion in the largest possible area on the available installation space.

In an advantageous embodiment, the guide element 01 is designed in such a way that the pitch circle angle γ of the wall 15 is formed from the deflection angle α desired for the web run to γ = α + δ, where δ represents an addition for a safe run-up and run-off of the web 02 and Z. B. between 0 ° and 50 °, in particular from 10 ° to 30 °. The radius of curvature R07 is then selected so that the desired width b01 or b07 is maintained, taking into account the addition δ. The Radius of curvature R15 (or R07) is then selected for R15 (or R07) = b0l / (* sin (/ 2)).

Any protrusion formed by the layer thickness can be neglected in the case of the small thicknesses. With optimal use of space, a large effective area is created taking safety into account.

If deflection angles α of, for example, 120 ° are required, a semicircular profile or even a full circle can also be advantageous for reasons of simplification. In this case, openings 09 and / or layer 06 can encompass the full 360 ° angle or else only a partial circle.

In principle, other profiles deviating from partial circles are also conceivable for the region of the guide element 01 (or its curved wall 15) which interacts with the web 02, for example as a section of an ellipse, parabola or hyperbola. Here, the curve shape of the deflection can be optimized with regard to a “soft” deflection. However, the pitch circle shape has advantages in terms of standardization, material consumption and simplified production.

Compared to the formation of a guide element 01, the porous material 06 not being largely relined by a support 07 or base body 07 having openings 09, but instead being supported, for example, only in a bridge-like manner on a frame-like support 07 in edge regions, the formation of a circular, partial circle -, elliptical, parabolic or hyperbolic base body 07 directly under the layer 06 with regard to manufacture, dimensional stability, costs and handling have great advantages. For this embodiment, for example, at least half of the surface of the layer 06 interacting with the web 02 is underlaid by the carrier 07 or its curved wall 15 and / or openings 09 or free cross sections have a diameter or a maximum clear width of 10 mm, in particular less than or equal to 5 mm. For the examples executed with carrier 07, the porous material 06 has a layer thickness outside of the feedthrough 08 that is less than 1 mm. A layer thickness between 0.05 mm and 0.3 mm is particularly advantageous. A proportion of the open area in the area of the effective outer surface of the porous material, here called degree of opening, is between 3% and 30%, preferably between 10% and 25%. In order to achieve a uniform air distribution, it is also desirable that the thickness of the layer 06 corresponds at least to the distance between adjacent openings 09 of the carrier 07.

The wall thickness of the carrier 07 is - at least in the region having the layer 06 - greater than 3 mm, in particular greater than 5 mm.

The support 07, which may be designed with a hollow profile, can itself also be made of porous material 06, but with better air permeability - e.g. B. a larger pore size - than that of the microporous material of the layer 06. In this case, the openings 09 of the carrier 07 are formed by open pores in the area of the surface, and the feedthroughs 08 are formed by the channels which are randomly formed on the inside due to the porosity. The carrier 07 can, however, also be formed from any flat material or shaped material which surrounds the cavity 04 and is provided with feedthroughs 08. Combinations of these alternatives are also possible.

In a second embodiment (Fig. 7 to 9), the micro-openings 03 are designed as openings through holes 11, in particular micro-holes 11, which are characterized by a z. B. formed as a pressure chamber 04 cavity 04 delimiting wall 12, z. B. chamber wall 12, extend outwards. The holes 11 have z. B. a diameter (at least in the area of the openings 03) of less than or equal to 500 μm, advantageously less than or equal to 300 μm, in particular between 60 and 150 μm. The degree of opening is z. B. at 3% to 25%, especially at 5% to 15%. A hole density is at least 1 / (5 mm ² ), in particular at least 1 / mm ² up to 4 / mm ² . The wall 12 thus has a microperforation, at least in an area opposite the web 02. The microperforation advantageously extends over the area which interacts with the web 02; however, as in the first exemplary embodiment, the bushings 08 and layer 06 can extend over the full extent of 360 °, since the losses are kept within limits, as mentioned.

In a second example of the design of the guide element 01 with micro-bores 11 (FIG. 8), the chamber wall 12 has a curved wall 14 or a curved wall section 14 on the side facing the web 02 - comparable to that described for FIGS. 5 and 6 Wall 15 -, which has the micro holes 11. What was said about the angles α, γ, δ and the widths b01 and b07 (here b01 and b12) and the radius R15 (here R14) of FIGS. 5 and 6, as well as the procedure and selection of the radii of curvature is the same to apply to the present example.

In an exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9, the wall 14 having the microbores 11 is designed as an insert 14 or as a plurality of inserts 14 arranged next to one another in the axial direction in a carrier 16. The insert 14 can be connected to the carrier 16 in a fixed or ^if detachable or exchangeable manner. The latter is advantageous with regard to cleaning or exchanging inserts 14 of different types of microperforations to adapt to different materials (mass and / or surface structure) and web widths. In the variant of this embodiment with inserts 14 and / or micro-openings 03 arranged essentially in full circumference, inserts 14 of this type can, for example, run on one extending in cavity 04

, Carrier 16 may be arranged. However, an embodiment is advantageous, wherein, as shown, the insert 14 having the openings 09 is formed only over an angular segment with a curvature - in particular adapted to the web run.

For the formation of the curved surface of the insert 14 or the inserts 14 Again what was said about the angles α, γ, δ and the widths b01 or b07 (here b01 or b12) and the radius R15 (here R14) for FIGS. 5 and 6, as well as the procedure and selection of the radii of curvature in the same way to apply to the present example. In this case, however, an overhang between the insert width and the beam width required for the connection must be taken into account. The curvature can be forced, for example, by an intended excess width of the insert 14 relative to the carrier 16 (or its fastening device) as the resulting bend.

As shown, the releasable connection can be realized, for example, by grooves 17 in the carrier 16 that receive the ends of the insert 14. In addition or instead, however, a connection can also be made by screwing or tensioning.

A u.a. The wall thickness influencing the flow resistance of the chamber wall 12 (or wall 14 or insert 14) containing the bores 11 can be from 0.2 to 3.0 mm, advantageously from 0.2 to 1.5 mm, in particular from 0, for all relevant examples , 3 to 0.8 mm. In the interior of the guide element 01, in particular in the cavity 04, a reinforcing construction (not shown), for example a support, in particular a metal support, extending in the longitudinal direction of the guide element 01, on which the chamber wall 12, the Wall 14 or the insert 14 is supported at least in sections or at points. This can be done, for example, by ribs spaced apart from one another in the axial direction.

For the execution of the micro-openings 03 as openings 03 of holes 11 is such. B. an overpressure in the chamber 04 of 0.5 to 2 bar, in particular from 0.5 to 1, 0 bar advantageous. The bores 11 can be cylindrical, funnel-shaped or with another special shape (e.g. in the form of a Laval nozzle).

The microperforation, i.e. H. The bores 11 are preferably produced by drilling by means of accelerated particles (for example liquid such as water jet, ions or elementary particles) or by means of electromagnetic radiation with a high energy density (for example light by means of a laser beam). Production using an electron beam is particularly advantageous.

The side facing the web 02 of the wall 12 having the holes 11 (14), for. B. a wall made of stainless steel 12 (14), in a preferred embodiment has a dirt and / or paint-repellent finish. It has a coating, not shown, which does not cover the openings 03 or bores 11 - for. B. nickel or advantageously chromium - which z. B. is additionally processed - e.g. B. structured with micro ribs or a lotus flower effect or preferably mirror polished).

In an advantageous embodiment of the guide element 01, possibly also in a version without the pivotability about a pivot axis S01 lying outside its geometry according to FIG. 10, the guide element 01 blown with compressed air is rotatably supported with respect to a longitudinal axis lying within its geometry. This is particularly advantageous if the guide element 01, as shown for example in FIGS. 3, 5, 6, 8 or 9, is not rotationally symmetrical with openings 03 and / or bushings 08, or if the shape of the guide element 01 is viewed in cross section a web guide is adapted such that it is not rotationally symmetrical. In all of the variants mentioned, the guide element 01, viewed in the circumferential direction, has a preferred direction compared to the web 02.

As shown in FIG. 12, the guide element 01 can be rotated with respect to a longitudinal axis A01, which lies within its outer geometric dimensions. this has As a result, rotation occurs primarily and not pivoting about an external pivot axis S01. Rotation and the possible pivoting according to FIG. 10 are more decoupled.

For twisting the guide element 01 is arranged, for example, in a holder 29, which in turn, for. B. via bearing 30, is rotatably mounted in a frame 31. In the case of a stationary guide element 01, the frame 31 can have a side frame 31 of the printing unit 05; 05.1; 05.2, or in the case of the guide element 01 which is movable according to FIG. 10, a lever 32 or slide 32 which, compared to the side frame of the printing unit 05; 05.1; 05.2 is movable.

The guide element 01 or the holder 29 can be rotated about the longitudinal axis A01 by a drive 33. In the example, the drive 33 is designed as a worm drive 33 and has a worm wheel 34 connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the holder 29 and a worm 36. It is particularly advantageous that the drive 33 has a gear with a strong reduction towards the guide element 01. The worm drive 34 can either be operated manually by the operating personnel - for example via a polygon connected to the worm 36 by means of a key. In a further development (dashed lines), however, a motor 37 is provided, which is operated locally or remotely, for example from a control center. The drive 33 and possibly the motor 37 are designed as a pivotable guide element 01 (according to FIG. 10) on the lever 32 or slide 32 carrying the guide element 01.

In principle, the drive 33 can be arranged directly on the guide element 01 without a holder 29. If the holder 29 is arranged, however, it may be advantageous, with regard to the angular position, to have a uniqueness connection 38 between the guide element 01 and the holder 29, here, for. B. a dome on the bracket which engages in a recess in the guide element. Thus, when changing the guide element 01 there is already one either a preset position can be reproduced correctly without having to make a readjustment via the drive 33, or there is at least a “zero position” of the guide element 01 or the associated drive 33.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01 guide element, web guide element, guide roller, rod

02 web, material web, printing material web, paper web

03 opening, micro opening

04 cavity, interior, chamber, pressure chamber

05 Printing unit, printing unit, offset printing unit, impression printing unit

06 microporous material, sintered material, layer, microporous, coating

07 Carrier, inner body, basic body

08 implementation, through opening

09 opening

10 pressure gap

11 hole, micro hole

12 wall, chamber wall

13 supply line

14 wall, curved, wall section, insert

15 wall, wall, curved

16 carriers

17 groove

18 -

19 -

20 cover

21 cylinders, transfer cylinder 2 drive, cylinder, electric motor

23 control device

24 drive, single drive

25 Machine control 6 Computing and / or storage unit, drive control, leading axis, electronic

27 Register device 28 sensor

29 bracket

30 bearings

31 frame, side frame

32 levers, sledges

33 drive, worm drive

34 worm wheel

35 -

36 snail

37 engine

38 Uniqueness connection

05.1 Printing unit

05.2 Printing unit

AB pressure-down position

ON pressure-on position

BO ^• Operating mode, in the basic state

B1 mode of operation, in imprint mode

B2 mode of operation, in imprint mode

A01 longitudinal axis

M07 center point

S01 swivel axis

R07 radius

R14 radius

R15 radius, radius of curvature b01 width b07 width

α deflection angle ß angle γ pitch circle angle δj offset

φ master axis position φ _t angular position (i = 1, 2, 3, ..)

Δφi correction, offset

Δφ ₂ correction, offset

Δφ ₃ correction, offset

ΔS correction, cutting register

Claims

Expectations

1. A method for the alternate operation of a first and a second printing units (05; 05.1; 05.2) passed through by a web (02), each of which at least in an inlet and / or an outlet area for deflecting the web (02) optionally in have the guide element (01) that can be brought along the path, the guide element (01) deflecting the track (02) in an employed position A in such a way that it is guided without contact through a parked printing unit (05; 05.1; 05.2), and in one parked position B, the guide element (01) does not interact with the web (02) outside the path, characterized in that the guide elements (01) of the printing units (05; 05.1; 05.2) are controlled in such a way that in a first operating situation the first printing unit (05.1; 05.2) is in the printing-on position (ON) and the guide element (01) of this first printing unit (05.1; 05.2) arranged in the inlet and / or outlet area is switched off, while sic h the second printing unit (05.2; 05.1) is in the pressure-down position (AB) and the guide element (01) arranged in the inlet and / or outlet area of this second pressure unit (05.2; 05.1) is set, d. H. is brought into the path of the web (02) in such a way that it passes through the printing unit (05.2; 05.1) without contact, and in a second operating situation the second printing unit (05.2; 05.1) is in the print-on position (ON) and the guide element (01) of this second printing unit (05.2; 05.1) arranged in the inlet and / or outlet area is switched off, while the first printing unit (05.1; 05.2) is in the print-down position (AB) and that is in the inlet and / or or outlet area of this first printing unit (05.1; 05.2) arranged guide element (01) is set, d. H. is brought into the path of the web (02) in such a way that it passes through the printing unit (05.1; 05.2) without contact.

2. Method for the alternate operation of a first and a second printing units (05; 05.1; 05.2) passed through by a web (02), the web (02) in the Way through the two printing units (05.1; 05.2) that the web (02) runs through this printing unit (05.1; 05.2) without contact in the printing-off position of the relevant printing unit (05.1; 05.2), characterized in that the two Printing units (05.1; 05.2) are mechanically driven independently of one another by at least one separate drive (24) each, which are connected to one another by an electronic guide axis (26), that in one mode of operation (B1; B2) of the alternate operation of the printing machine a change of path compensating correction (Δφi; ΔΦ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _t ) of the angular position (φ _v ) on one or more of the printing units (05; 05.1; 05.2).

Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the two printing units (05.1; 05.2) each have a guide element (01) which can be optionally brought into the path of the web to deflect the web (02), at least in an inlet and / or an outlet area, one in employed position A the guide element (01) deflects the web (02) in such a way that it is guided contactlessly through a parked printing unit (05; 05.1; 05.2), and in a parked position B the guide element (01) does not move outside the train path interacts with the web (02).

Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the guide elements (01) of the printing units (05; 05.1; 05.2) are controlled in such a way that in a first operating situation the first printing unit (05.1; 05.2) is in the print-on position ( AN) is located and the guide element (01) of this first pressure unit (05.1; 05.2) arranged in the inlet and / or outlet area is turned off, while the second pressure unit (05.2; 05.1) is in the pressure-down position (AB) and that in the inlet and / or outlet area of this second printing unit (05.2; 05.1) arranged guide element (01) is employed, ie brought into the way of the web (02) in such a way that it passes through the printing unit (05.2; 05.1) without contact, and in a second operating situation, the second printing unit (05.2; 05.1) Position (ON) and the guide element (01) of this second printing unit (05.2; 05.1) arranged in the inlet and / or outlet area is switched off, while the first printing unit (05.1; 05.2) is in the print-down position (AB) and the guide element (01) arranged in the inlet and / or outlet area of this first printing unit (05.1; 05.2) is set in the path of the web (02) in such a way that it does not contact the printing unit (05.1; 05.2) passes.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the switching on and off of the guide element (01) is carried out by a control device (23).

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the switching on and off of the guide element (01) by the control device (23) as a function of a status and / or a command for the assigned printing unit (05.2; 05.1).

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that a timing, in particular synchronization of the actuating movement of the cylinder (21) and the actuating movement of the guide elements (01) takes place.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the timing, in particular synchronization, takes place via an interface between the control device (23) and a machine control (25).

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that with the change of the guide element (01) between positions A and B, a correction (Δφ; Δφi; Δφ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _t ) of the longitudinal register on one or more of the same path (02) assigned printing units (05; 05.1; 05.2) is made.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the two Printing units (05.1; 05.2) are driven mechanically independently of one another in rotation by at least one separate drive (24) each, which are connected to one another by an electronic guide axis (26).

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that when changing from one mode of operation to another mode of operation of the printing machine there is a change in the web path, and that during this change from one mode of operation of the printing machine to a path compensation compensating correction (Δφi; Δφz ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ,) of the angular position (φ) predetermined by the leading axis (26) on one or more of the printing units (05; 05.1; 05.2).

12. The method according to claim 2, 9 or 11, characterized in that the correction (Δφ; Δφi; Δφ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ,) is carried out on the basis of a connection.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the correction provided (Δφ; Δφi; Δφ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ,) correlates with the change in path when the operating situation changes and in a table for the pressure units involved (05; 05.1; 05.2) in the control device (23) or in a computing and / or storage unit (26) connected to it.

14. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that for correcting the longitudinal register an actuator influencing the relative angular position φ of the relevant printing unit (05; 05.1; 05.2) or its forme cylinder with the correction (Δφ; Δφi; ΔΦ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _t ) is applied.

15. The method according to claim 2, 9 or 11, characterized in that for correcting the longitudinal register, a current target value for the relative angular position φ of the pressure unit (05; 05.1; 05.2) rotationally driving drive (24) with the Correction (Δφ; Δφ ^ Δφ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ,) is applied.

16. The method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that during the setting between positions A and B, an automatic register device (27) is overridden or at least one timing element influencing the response time is increased such that, in the event of a short-term deviation from the desired state, none at first Correction is made by the register device (27).

17. The method according to claim 2 or 11, characterized in that when changing from one mode of operation (BO; B1; B2) to another mode of operation (BO; B1; B2) of the printing press there is a change in the web path, and that in this change of In a different mode of operation of the printing press, a compensation (Δφi; Δφ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ,) of the angular position (φ) on one or more of the printing units (05; 05.1; 05.2) takes place.

18. The method of claim 2 or 11, characterized in that the consideration of the change in path compensating correction _(Δφ;! Δφ _2; Δφ _3; Δφ,) _(t Δφ, Δφ _2; Δφ _3; Δφ,) as an offset to a given by the master axis position (φ) predetermined angular position (φi; Φ ₂ ; φ ₃ ; φ,) of the printing unit to be corrected (05. i).

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the required offset (Δφi; ΔΦ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ,) compared to an angular position (φ _x ; φ ₂ ; φ ₃ ; φ,) of the printing unit to be corrected (05. i ) is determined in a basic state.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the basic state is defined by the web path of an operating mode (B0) of the printing press, in which all printing units (05.i) assigned to the web (02) are in a print-on position ,

21. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that for the printing units (05.i) or the associated drives (24) offset angles (δ,) and / or angular positions (φ,) of an operating mode (BO) are provided in normal operation, which are used as a reference for the correction (Δφi; ΔΦ2; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ _v ) when operating in an operating mode (B1; B2) of the imprint operation.

22. Device for the operation of a first printing unit (05; 05.1; 05.2) which is passed through by a web (02) optionally in pressure-on (AN) and pressure-down (AB), which in an inlet and / or an outlet area for deflecting the web (02) optionally has guide element (01) which can be brought into the web path, the web (02) being guided in a non-contact position A through the guide element (01) through the parked printing unit (05; 05.1; 05.2), and in a parked position B the guide element (01) does not interact with the web (02) outside the path of the web, characterized in that a spreader device (23) is provided which in this way relies on a drive (22) of the guide element (01) has the effect that it is in position A with pressure down (AB) and in position B with pressure on (ON).

23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the control device (23) is in logical signal connection with a computing and / or storage unit (26), which is designed to provide a relative angular position φ of the printing unit in question (05; 05.1; 05.2) or to specify its forme cylinder.

24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that a relationship between a change in path by setting the guide element (01) and a correction (Δφ; Δφ _x ; Δφ ₂ ; Δφ ₃ ; Δφ,) of the relative angular position φ is predetermined.

25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the connection is stored in the manner of a table in the control device (23), in the computing and / or storage unit (26) or in a machine control (25).

26. The apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that the first two of at least five successive printing units (05; 05.1; 05.2) have a guide element (01) movable between positions A and B at least in their outlet area.

27. The device according to claim 26, characterized in that the second printing unit (05.2) also has a guide element (01) movable between positions A and B in its inlet area.

28. The apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that the guide element (01) is rotatable in relation to a longitudinal axis (A01) lying within its geometry in relation to a side frame (31) receiving the guide element (01), a lever (32) or a Carriage (32) is mounted.

29. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the guide element (01) '- ^■ is rotatable via a drive (33) in particular having a reduction gear.

30. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the guide element (01) for moving between positions A and B is mounted in levers (32).

31., Device according to claim 29, characterized in that the drive (33) is arranged on a lever (32).

32. Apparatus according to claim 12, 26 or 27, characterized in that the

Guide element (01) at least on its side which interacts with the web (02) has air-flowable openings (03) on its surface.

33. Device according to claim 32, characterized in that the openings (03) are designed as micro-openings (03) with a diameter of less than 500 μm.

34. Device according to claim 33, characterized in that the micro-openings (03) are designed as open pores of a porous material (06) through which the fluid flows.

35. Device according to claim 34, characterized in that the pores of the fluid-permeable porous material (06) have an average diameter of 5 to 50 μm, in particular 10 to 30 μm.

36. Device according to claim 32, characterized in that the micro-openings (03) are designed as outwardly directed openings (03) of micro-bores (11) in a wall (12) delimiting the guide element (01) to the outside.

37. Device according to claim 36, characterized in that a diameter of the openings (03) is less than or equal to 300 μm, in particular between 60 and 150 μm.