EP1715194A2 - Hydraulic actuator - Google Patents

Hydraulic actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1715194A2
EP1715194A2 EP05027904A EP05027904A EP1715194A2 EP 1715194 A2 EP1715194 A2 EP 1715194A2 EP 05027904 A EP05027904 A EP 05027904A EP 05027904 A EP05027904 A EP 05027904A EP 1715194 A2 EP1715194 A2 EP 1715194A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seal
cylinder
piston
rod
unit according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05027904A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1715194B1 (en
EP1715194A3 (en
Inventor
Marcus Dr. Fischer
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Weber Hydraulik GmbH Germany
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Weber Hydraulik GmbH Germany
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Publication of EP1715194A2 publication Critical patent/EP1715194A2/en
Publication of EP1715194A3 publication Critical patent/EP1715194A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1447—Pistons; Piston to piston rod assemblies
    • F15B15/1452—Piston sealings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1457—Piston rods
    • F15B15/1461—Piston rod sealings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a generic hydraulic cylinder unit according to the preamble of the main claim, namely a hydraulic cylinder unit having an inner shell having a cylinder tube guided on this, having an outer shell piston, with a piston rod connected to this, the rod surface on a rod-side cylinder chamber final cylinder head out is, with at least one, the piston rod-side cylinder space from the vicinity of the cylinder unit between the rod surface and the cylinder head by means of a rotationally symmetrical inner seal sealing, arranged in this rod seal and with at least one piston rod side cylinder space and formed by the cylinder bottom and the piston cylinder space between the inner shell and the outer jacket of the piston by means of a rotationally symmetrical seal outer jacket sealing, arranged in the piston piston rod tung.
  • cylinder units For various applications, particularly low-friction cylinder units are of interest. These include cylinders for suspension and steering functions, or working cylinder with high demands on the sensitivity and positioning. Increased friction has a negative effect on the effective force, that is, the useful force of the cylinder, and the theoretical pressure. This leads inter alia to the fact that the cylinder must be designed larger than theoretically necessary in order to provide a sufficient effective force available.
  • the ratio of static friction to sliding friction is also of interest because large differences between the two values can lead to undesirable vibrations or vibrations (so-called stick-slip effect).
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to design a generic hydraulic cylinder unit according to the preamble of the main claim particularly low friction.
  • the inventively provided rotationally symmetrical rod seal thus touches along a circumferentially closed line, hereinafter called inner equator, on its inner seal jacket the outer surface of the piston, and / or the likewise rotationally symmetrical piston seal also touches along a likewise circumferentially closed line, hereinafter called outer equator on its sealing outer jacket the inner shell of the cylinder tube.
  • the line can also form a certain width to form a circumferential contact surface.
  • the gap to be converged in the direction of the equator thus has, with decreasing distance from the equator, a preferably continuously smaller free cross-section for the passage of the displaced hydraulic fluid.
  • the shape of that gap-limiting region which deviates from the shape of the shell of a vertical circular cylinder, not only due to its rotational symmetry in the circumferential direction, but in addition also be curved in the axial direction. But it is also a wedge-shaped gap without additional Curvature in the axial direction possible.
  • the inventive principle uses the hydrodynamic effect of the hydraulic fluid in the convergent gap in order to minimize the frictional forces between preferably the piston seal and the cylinder tube on the one hand, the rod seal and the piston rod on the other hand.
  • the nature of the tread is not the subject of the invention, it must be designed so that they in cooperation of the running surface (inner shell of the cylinder tube or outer shell of the piston rod) with the seal for optimum friction and wear behavior provides.
  • the piston seal two -von the mantle of a vertical circular cylinder deviating-substantially wedge-shaped column, of which a gap to the cylinder chamber and the other to the rod-side cylinder chamber is open.
  • the gap in the rod seal with respect to its center plane is asymmetrical and open to the piston rod side cylinder chamber, so that at least in the extension direction of the piston rod results in the hydrodynamic, the friction-reducing Aufschwimm bin.
  • the cylinder unit designated overall by 5 in FIG. 1 has a cylinder tube 6, on the inner casing 7 of which an outer casing 9 having a piston 8 is guided.
  • a piston rod generally designated 10
  • a rod surface 11 which is extended by a cylinder head, designated as a whole by 12, out of the cylinder unit 5 upon pressurization of the cylinder space 14 formed between the piston 8 and the cylinder bottom 13 with pressurized hydraulic fluid , If the cylinder unit 5 is double-acting, so can the piston rod side annular space cylinder chamber 15, which is formed by the piston rod 10, the cylinder head 12 and the piston 8, be pressurized, whereby the piston rod 10 is retracted.
  • a total of 16 designated piston seal is provided on the piston 8. Accordingly, between the outer environment of the cylinder unit 5 and the piston rod-side cylinder chamber 15 on the cylinder head 12, a total of 17 designated rod seal provided.
  • the piston seal 16 is shown in more detail in FIG.
  • the piston 8 in this case has three circumferential, spaced-apart grooves 181, 182 on the outer casing 9 of the piston. In the two outer, outwardly open grooves 181 each have a guide ring 19 is inserted.
  • the central groove 182 is provided with the seal, generally designated 16, which consists of two parts, namely the piston seal 161 designed as a sliding and sealing element and the prestressing element 162 arranged underneath, e.g. is arranged in the form of an elastomeric ring, which provides already in the assembled state for a certain basic pressing of the sliding and sealing element 161 to the cylinder inner circumferential surface 7.
  • the coop seal 161 has a seal outer jacket 163 formed symmetrically with respect to the center plane 164 (FIG. 4) of the piston seal 161 with respect to the cylinder inner shell 7 of the cylinder tube 6, deviating from the skirt of a vertical circular cylinder of two converging gaps 165 (FIG. 4) is.
  • In the area of the median plane 164 is the highest point and at the same time the longest circumferential, closed contact line, the outer equator 166, the seal outer shell 163 with the inner shell 7 of the cylinder tube 6.
  • the converging in the direction of the outer ⁇ uquator 166 two column 165 thus have with decreasing distance from this 166 one steadily smaller free cross section for the passage of the displaced hydraulic fluid.
  • the rod seal used in the cylinder head 12, designated overall by 17, is shown in more detail in FIG.
  • a scraper 20 and in the piston rod side cylinder chamber 15 closest groove a rod guide 21 are provided in the outermost groove.
  • the rod seal 17 is likewise provided in two parts with a seal 171 embodied as a sliding and sealing element and an underlying biasing element 172 which corresponds to the element 162 already discussed according to FIG.
  • the inner sealing jacket 173 of the rod seal 171 is formed asymmetrically with respect to the center plane and has either only a wedge-shaped gap, or two columns with different gap angles and / or their length.
  • the gap is preferably open to the piston rod-side cylinder chamber 15.
  • a total of 22 designated additional seal is arranged between the rod seal 171 and the outer periphery of the cylinder unit. Between this and the rod seal 171 serving as a reservoir for the hydraulic fluid recess 23 is arranged in the cylinder head, in the hydraulic fluid, which is towed out during the extension stroke of the piston rod as a lubricating film under the rod seal 171, is collected. This quantity of oil can in turn be dragged back into the rod-side cylinder chamber 15 via the return capacity of the stand seal during the subsequent retraction stroke of the piston with its piston rod.
  • the asymmetrical shape of the seal inner wall 173 is provided, by which the return conveyance of the previously removed amount of hydraulic fluid is ultimately ensured.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

The hydraulic cylinder unit has a tubular cylinder (6) with an inner mantle (7) and a piston (8) with an outer mantle (9). The piston rod seal and/or the piston seal (161) have an outer mantle (163) shape which deviates from a vertical circular cylinder, to form convergent gaps (165) against the piston rod surface or the cylinder inner mantle. The seal is of a plastics with shape stability, and contains a metal or graphite filler material.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine gattungsgemässe hydraulische Zylindereinheit nach dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs, nämlich eine hydraulische Zylindereinheit mit einem einen Innenmantel aufweisenden Zylinderrohr mit an diesem geführten, einen Aussenmantel aufweisenden Kolben, mit einer mit diesem verbundenen Kolbenstange, deren Stangenoberfläche an einem den stangenseitigen Zylinderraum abschliessenden Zylinderkopf geführt ist, mit zumindest einer, den kolbenstangenseitigen Zylinderraum von der Umgebung der Zylindereinheit zwischen der Stangenoberfläche und dem Zylinderkopf mittels eines rotationssymmetrischen Dichtunginnenmantels abdichtenden, in diesem angeordneten Stangendichtung und mit zumindest einer den kolbenstangenseitigen Zylinderraum und den von dem Zylinderboden und dem Kolben gebildeten Zylinderraum zwischen dessen Innenmantel und dem Aussenmantel des Kolbens mittels eines rotationssymmetrischen Dichtungsaussenmantels abdichtenden, in dem Kolben angeordneten Kolbendichtung.The invention relates to a generic hydraulic cylinder unit according to the preamble of the main claim, namely a hydraulic cylinder unit having an inner shell having a cylinder tube guided on this, having an outer shell piston, with a piston rod connected to this, the rod surface on a rod-side cylinder chamber final cylinder head out is, with at least one, the piston rod-side cylinder space from the vicinity of the cylinder unit between the rod surface and the cylinder head by means of a rotationally symmetrical inner seal sealing, arranged in this rod seal and with at least one piston rod side cylinder space and formed by the cylinder bottom and the piston cylinder space between the inner shell and the outer jacket of the piston by means of a rotationally symmetrical seal outer jacket sealing, arranged in the piston piston rod tung.

Für verschiedene Einsatzzwecke sind besonders reibungsarme Zylindereinheiten von Interesse. Zu diesen gehören unter anderem Zylinder für Federungs- und Lenkfunktionen, oder aber Arbeitszylinder mit hohen Ansprüchen an die Feinfühlig- sowie Positionierbarkeit. Eine erhöhte Reibung wirkt sich in einem schlechten Verhältnis zwischen effektiver Kraft, das heisst Nutzkraft des Zylinders, und der theoretischen Druckkraft aus. Dies führt unter anderem dazu, dass der Zylinder grösser als theoretisch notwendig ausgelegt werden muss, um eine hinreichende Effektivkraft zur Verfügung zu stellen.For various applications, particularly low-friction cylinder units are of interest. These include cylinders for suspension and steering functions, or working cylinder with high demands on the sensitivity and positioning. Increased friction has a negative effect on the effective force, that is, the useful force of the cylinder, and the theoretical pressure. This leads inter alia to the fact that the cylinder must be designed larger than theoretically necessary in order to provide a sufficient effective force available.

In Federungszylindern wirkt die Reibkraft wie eine zusätzliche Dämpfung. Je grösser jedoch die Grunddämpfung des Zylinders selbst ist, desto geringer ist der Anteil, der effektiv bei der Steuerung beeinflussbar ist. Gerade die Möglichkeit der Beeinflussung einer Dämpfung ist jedoch die Grundlage eines modernen, aktiven Federungs- und Dämpfungssystems.In suspension cylinders, the frictional force acts as an additional cushioning. However, the greater the basic damping of the cylinder itself, the lower the proportion which can be effectively influenced by the control. But the possibility of influencing a damping is the basis of a modern, active suspension and damping system.

Neben der betragsmässigen Höhe der Reibung ist das Verhältnis von Haft- zu Gleitreibung ebenfalls von Interesse, weil grosse Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Werten zu unerwünschten Schwingungen beziehungsweise Vibrationen führen können (sogenannter Stick-Slip-Effekt).In addition to the magnitude of the amount of friction, the ratio of static friction to sliding friction is also of interest because large differences between the two values can lead to undesirable vibrations or vibrations (so-called stick-slip effect).

Von Nachteil bei den bekannten Hydraulischen Zylindereinheiten sind deren letztlich doch nicht befriedigenden Reibungswerte und die relativ grosse Streuung in der Serie.A disadvantage of the known hydraulic cylinder units whose ultimately not satisfactory friction values and the relatively large dispersion in the series.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gattungsgemässe hydraulische Zylindereinheit gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs besonders reibungsarm auszugestalten.The invention is therefore based on the object to design a generic hydraulic cylinder unit according to the preamble of the main claim particularly low friction.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer gattungsgemässen hydraulischen Zylindereinheit nach dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs erfindungsgemäss durch dessen kennzeichnende Merkmale also dadurch gelöst, dass die Stangen- und/oder die Kolbendichtung (nachfolgend die Dichtung genannt) zumindest bereichsweise auf ihrem Dichtungsinnen- bzw. Dichtungsaussenmantel (nachfolgend: Dichtungsmantel) eine von dem Mantel eines senkrechten Kreiszylinders abweichende Form unter Bildung eines konvergierenden Spaltes bezüglich der Stangenoberfläche bzw. des Innenmantels des Zylinderrohrs aufweist.This object is achieved in a generic hydraulic cylinder unit according to the preamble of the main claim according to the invention by its characterizing features in that the rod and / or the piston seal (hereinafter called the seal) at least partially on their Dichtungsinnen- or Dichtungsaussenmantel (hereinafter: sealing jacket ) has a different shape from the shell of a vertical circular cylinder to form a converging gap with respect to the rod surface and the inner shell of the cylinder tube.

Die erfindungsgemäss vorgesehene rotationssymmetrische Stangendichtung berührt also längs einer umlaufend geschlossenen Linie, nachfolgend innerer Äquator genannt, auf ihrem Dichtungsinnenmantel den Aussenmantel des Kolbens, und/oder die ebenfalls rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildete Kolbendichtung berührt also auch längs einer ebenfalls umlaufend geschlossenen Linie, nachfolgend äusserer Äquator genannt, auf ihrem Dichtungsaussenmantel den Innenmantel des Zylinderrohrs. Die Linie kann auch eine gewisse Breite unter Bildung einer umlaufenden Berührungsfläche bilden. Der in Richtung auf den Äquator zu konvergierende Spalt weist also mit abnehmenden Abstand von dem Äquator einen vorzugsweise stetig kleiner werdenen freien Querschnitt für den Durchtritt der verdrängten Hydraulikflüssigkeit auf. Hierbei kann die Form jenes den Spalt begrenzenden Bereichs, der von der Form des Mantel eines senkrechten Kreiszylinders abweicht, nicht nur infolge seiner Rotationssymmetrie in Umfangsrichtung, sondern zusätzlich auch in axialer Richtung gekrümmt ausgebildet sein. Es ist aber auch ein keilförmig ausgebildeter Spalt ohne zusätzliche Krümmung in axialer Richtung möglich.The inventively provided rotationally symmetrical rod seal thus touches along a circumferentially closed line, hereinafter called inner equator, on its inner seal jacket the outer surface of the piston, and / or the likewise rotationally symmetrical piston seal also touches along a likewise circumferentially closed line, hereinafter called outer equator on its sealing outer jacket the inner shell of the cylinder tube. The line can also form a certain width to form a circumferential contact surface. The gap to be converged in the direction of the equator thus has, with decreasing distance from the equator, a preferably continuously smaller free cross-section for the passage of the displaced hydraulic fluid. In this case, the shape of that gap-limiting region, which deviates from the shape of the shell of a vertical circular cylinder, not only due to its rotational symmetry in the circumferential direction, but in addition also be curved in the axial direction. But it is also a wedge-shaped gap without additional Curvature in the axial direction possible.

Das erfindungsgemässe Prinzip nutzt dabei den hydrodynamischen Effekt der Hydraulikflüssigkeit in dem konvergierenden Spalt, um die Reibkräfte zwischen vorzugsweise der Kolbendichtung und dem Zylinderrohr einerseits, der Stangendichtung und der Kolbenstange andererseits zu minimieren. Die Beschaffenheit der Lauffläche (Rauhigkeit, Werkstoff, Oberflächenbehandlung) ist zwar nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung, sie muss jedoch so ausgestaltet sein, dass sie im Zusammenwirken der Lauffläche (Innenmantel des Zylinderrohrs oder Aussenmantel der Kolbenstange) mit der Dichtung für ein optimales Reibungs- sowie Verschleissverhalten sorgt.The inventive principle uses the hydrodynamic effect of the hydraulic fluid in the convergent gap in order to minimize the frictional forces between preferably the piston seal and the cylinder tube on the one hand, the rod seal and the piston rod on the other hand. Although the nature of the tread (roughness, material, surface treatment) is not the subject of the invention, it must be designed so that they in cooperation of the running surface (inner shell of the cylinder tube or outer shell of the piston rod) with the seal for optimum friction and wear behavior provides.

Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass sich die Reibkraft beziehungsweise dämpfenden Eigenschaften der hydraulischen Zylindereinheit gemäss der Erfindung, also durch die Verwendung der Kolben- und/oder Stangendichtung beträchtlich reduzieren lassen. Hierdurch bedingt ergeben sich vielfältige Möglichkeiten und Vorteile. So kann die Reduktion der Baugrösse von Zylinder aufgrund der besseren Kraftausnutzung zu vielfältigeren Einsatzmöglichkeiten sowie zu einer Kostenersparnis führen. Ferner führt die Verbesserung der Eigenschaften von Federungszylindern durch reduzierte Grunddämpfung dazu, dass ein grösserer Anteil für die aktive Beeinflussung der Systemdämpfung zur Verfügung steht. Bei Arbeitszylindern kann die Steuerbar- sowie Feinfühligkeit beträchtlich verbessert werden. Daneben eröffnen sich für die erfindungsgemässe Zylindereinheiten neue Anwendungsbereiche für Zylinder, die bisher aufgrund unzureichender Effektivkraft, zu hoher Reib- und damit Störkraft oder zu hoher Dämpfung verschlossen geblieben sind. Als hydraulische Zylindereinheit können auch Gleichgangzylinder dienen.It has been found that the frictional force or damping properties of the hydraulic cylinder unit according to the invention, ie by the use of the piston and / or rod seal, can be considerably reduced. As a result, there are many possibilities and advantages. Thus, the reduction of the size of cylinder due to the better utilization of power can lead to more diverse applications and cost savings. Furthermore, the improvement in the properties of suspension cylinders by means of reduced basic damping means that a larger proportion is available for actively influencing the system damping. For working cylinders, the controllability and sensitivity can be considerably improved. In addition, open for the cylinder units according to the invention new applications for cylinders that previously due to insufficient effective force, too high friction and thus disturbing force or have remained closed to high attenuation. As a hydraulic cylinder unit and synchronous cylinder can serve.

In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die Kolbendichtung zwei -von dem Mantel eines senkrechten Kreiszylinders abweichende- im wesentlichen keilförmige Spalte auf, von den der eine Spalt zu dem Zylinderraum und der ander zu dem stangenseitigen Zylinderraum offen ist.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the piston seal two -von the mantle of a vertical circular cylinder deviating-substantially wedge-shaped column, of which a gap to the cylinder chamber and the other to the rod-side cylinder chamber is open.

Erfindungsgemäss ist der Spalt bei der Stangendichtung bezüglich deren Mittelebene asymmetrisch ausgeführt und zu dem kolbenstangenseitigen Zylinderraum hin offen, sodass zumindest in der Ausfahrrichtung der Kolbenstange sich der hydrodynamische, die Reibung verringernde Aufschwimmeffekt ergibt.According to the invention, the gap in the rod seal with respect to its center plane is asymmetrical and open to the piston rod side cylinder chamber, so that at least in the extension direction of the piston rod results in the hydrodynamic, the friction-reducing Aufschwimmeffekt.

Wenn darüber hinaus zwischen der Stangendichtung und der Umgebung der Zylindereinheit eine Zusatzdichtung angeordnet und zwischen dieser und der Stangendichtung eine als Reservoir für die ausgeschleppte Hydraulikflüssigkeit dienende Aussnehmung in dem Zylinderkopf angeordnet ist, kann dort die erhöht als Schmierfilm ausgetragene Hydraulikflüssigkeit gesammelt werden und auch in Einfahrrichtung der Kolbenstange der hydrodynamische, die Reibung verringernde Aufschwimmeffekt erzeugt werden.If, in addition, arranged between the rod seal and the environment of the cylinder unit, an additional seal and disposed between this and the rod seal serving as a reservoir for the hydraulic fluid herausschleifter recess in the cylinder head, there may be collected increased as a lubricating film hydraulic fluid and also in the retraction of the Piston rod hydrodynamic, the friction-reducing floating effect are generated.

Weitere zweckmässige Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert.Further expedient refinements and developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims. An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

In dieser zeigt:

Figur 1
einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine Zylindereinheit in teilweise abgebrochener Darstellung;
Figur 2
die Einzelheit II gemäss Figur 1, in grösserem Massstab;
Figur 3
die Einzelheit III gemäss Figur 1, in grösserer Darstellung und
Figur 4
Figur 2 in grösserem Massstab.
In this shows:
FIG. 1
a schematic cross section through a cylinder unit in a partially broken representation;
FIG. 2
the detail II according to Figure 1, on a larger scale;
FIG. 3
the detail III according to Figure 1, in a larger scale and
FIG. 4
Figure 2 on a larger scale.

Die in Figur 1 insgesamt mit 5 bezeichnete Zylindereinheit weist ein Zylinderrohr 6 auf, an dessen Innenmantel 7 ein einen Aussenmantel 9 aufweisender Kolben 8 geführt ist. An dem Kolben ist eine insgesamt mit 10 bezeichnete Kolbenstange mit einer Stangenoberfläche 11 verbunden, die über einen insgesamt mit 12 bezeichneten Zylinderkopf aus der Zylindereinheit 5 bei Beaufschlagung des zwischen dem Kolben 8 und dem Zylinderboden 13 gebildeten Zylinderraums 14 mit einer unter Druck stehenden Hydraulikflüssigkeit ausgefahren wird. Wenn die Zylindereinheit 5 doppelt wirkend ausgebildet ist, so kann auch der kolbenstangenseitige ringraumförmige Zylinderraum 15, der durch die Kolbenstange 10, den Zylinderkopf 12 und dem Kolben 8 gebildet ist, mit Druck beaufschlagt werden, wodurch die Kolbenstange 10 eingefahren wird.The cylinder unit designated overall by 5 in FIG. 1 has a cylinder tube 6, on the inner casing 7 of which an outer casing 9 having a piston 8 is guided. On the piston, a piston rod, generally designated 10, is connected to a rod surface 11, which is extended by a cylinder head, designated as a whole by 12, out of the cylinder unit 5 upon pressurization of the cylinder space 14 formed between the piston 8 and the cylinder bottom 13 with pressurized hydraulic fluid , If the cylinder unit 5 is double-acting, so can the piston rod side annular space cylinder chamber 15, which is formed by the piston rod 10, the cylinder head 12 and the piston 8, be pressurized, whereby the piston rod 10 is retracted.

Zwischen dem Zylinderraum 14 und dem kolbenstangenseitigen Zylinderraum 15 ist an dem Kolben 8 eine insgesamt mit 16 bezeichnete Kolbendichtung vorgesehen. Entsprechend ist zwischen der äusseren Umgebung der Zylindereinheit 5 und dem kolbenstangenseitigen Zylinderraum 15 an dem Zylinderkopf 12 eine insgesamt mit 17 bezeichnete Stangendichtung vorgesehen.Between the cylinder chamber 14 and the piston rod-side cylinder chamber 15 is a total of 16 designated piston seal is provided on the piston 8. Accordingly, between the outer environment of the cylinder unit 5 and the piston rod-side cylinder chamber 15 on the cylinder head 12, a total of 17 designated rod seal provided.

Die Kolbendichtung 16 ist in Figur 2 näher dargestellt. Der Kolben 8 weist hierbei drei umlaufende, voneinander beabstandete Nuten 181, 182 an dem Aussenmantel 9 des Kolbens auf. In die beiden äusseren, nach aussen offenen Nuten 181 ist je ein Führungsring 19 eingelegt. In die mittlere Nut 182 ist die insgesamt mit 16 bezeichnete Dichtung vorgesehen, die aus zwei Teilen, nämlich dem als Gleit- und Dichtelement ausgebildeten Kolbendichtung 161 und dem darunter angeordneten Vorspannelement 162, z.B. in Form eines Elastomerrings, angeordnet ist, der bereits im montierten Zustand für eine gewisse Grundanpressung des Gleit- und Dichtelements 161 an die Zylinderinnenmantelfläche 7 sorgt.The piston seal 16 is shown in more detail in FIG. The piston 8 in this case has three circumferential, spaced-apart grooves 181, 182 on the outer casing 9 of the piston. In the two outer, outwardly open grooves 181 each have a guide ring 19 is inserted. The central groove 182 is provided with the seal, generally designated 16, which consists of two parts, namely the piston seal 161 designed as a sliding and sealing element and the prestressing element 162 arranged underneath, e.g. is arranged in the form of an elastomeric ring, which provides already in the assembled state for a certain basic pressing of the sliding and sealing element 161 to the cylinder inner circumferential surface 7.

Die Kobendichtung 161 weist einen Dichtungsaussenmantel 163 auf, der bezüglich der Mittelebene 164 (Figur 4) der Kolbendichtung 161 symmetrisch unter Bildung bezüglich des Zylinderinnenmantels 7 des Zylinderrrohrs 6 -unter Abweichung von dem Mantel eines senkrechten Kreiszylinders- zweier konvergierender Spalte 165 (Figur 4) ausgebildet ist. Im Bereich der Mittelebene 164 befindet sich die höchste Stelle und zugleich die längste umlaufende, geschlossene Berührungslinie, der äussere Äquator 166, des Dichtungsaussenmantels 163 mit dem Innenmantel 7 des Zylinderrohrs 6. Die in Richtung auf den äusseren Äuquator 166 zu konvergierenden beiden Spalte 165 weisen also mit abnehmendem Abstand von diesem Äuquator 166 einen stetig kleiner werdenen freien Querschnitt für den Durchtritt der verdrängten Hydraulikflüssigkeit auf. Hierbei ist jener den Spalt 165 begrenzende Bereich, der von der Form des Mantels eines senkrechten Kreiszylinders abweicht, beim wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiel keilförmig mit Krümmung in axialer Richtung ausgebildet. Durch die keilförmigen Spalte 165 zwischen dem Dichtungsaussenmantel 163 und dem Zylinderinnenmantel 7 des Zylinderrohrs 6 ergibt sich ein hydrodynamischer Effekt dergestalt, dass die Kolbendichtung 161 von der in den keilförmigen Spalt 165 eingeschleppten Hydraulikflüssigkeit über die höchste Stelle, den äusseren Äuquator 166, der insgesamt also ballig ausgebildeten Dichtungsaussenmantel 163 von dem Zylinderinnenmantel 7 des Zylinderrohrs 6 abhebt. Hierdurch werden die mechanischen Reibkräfte der Dichtung erheblich reduziert. Figur 4 zeigt diesen Teil des Kolbens 8 von Figur 2 näher.The coop seal 161 has a seal outer jacket 163 formed symmetrically with respect to the center plane 164 (FIG. 4) of the piston seal 161 with respect to the cylinder inner shell 7 of the cylinder tube 6, deviating from the skirt of a vertical circular cylinder of two converging gaps 165 (FIG. 4) is. In the area of the median plane 164 is the highest point and at the same time the longest circumferential, closed contact line, the outer equator 166, the seal outer shell 163 with the inner shell 7 of the cylinder tube 6. The converging in the direction of the outer Äuquator 166 two column 165 thus have with decreasing distance from this 166 one steadily smaller free cross section for the passage of the displaced hydraulic fluid. In this case, that region which delimits the gap 165 and which deviates from the shape of the jacket of a vertical circular cylinder is wedge-shaped with curvature in the axial direction in the exemplary embodiment shown. Due to the wedge-shaped gap 165 between the seal outer shell 163 and the cylinder inner shell 7 of the cylinder tube 6, a hydrodynamic effect results such that the piston seal 161 of the introduced into the wedge-shaped gap 165 hydraulic fluid on the highest point, the outer Äuquator 166, the total so convex formed Dichtungsaussenmantel 163 of the cylinder inner shell 7 of the cylinder tube 6 lifts. As a result, the mechanical friction forces of the seal are significantly reduced. Figure 4 shows this part of the piston 8 of Figure 2 in more detail.

Die in dem Zylinderkopf 12 eingesetzte, insgesamt mit 17 bezeichnete Stangendichtung ist in Figur 3 näher dargestellt. In voneinander beabstandeten, innenliegenden, umlaufenden Nuten sind in der äussersten Nut ein Abstreifer 20 und in der dem kolbenstangenseitigen Zylinderraum 15 am nächsten liegenden Nut eine Stangenführung 21 vorgesehen. Die Stangendichtung 17 ist ebenfalls zweiteilig mit einer als Gleit- und Dichtelement ausgebildeten Dichtung 171 und einem darunter liegenden Vorspannelement 172 versehen, welches dem gemäss Figur 2 schon diskutierten Element 162 entspricht.The rod seal used in the cylinder head 12, designated overall by 17, is shown in more detail in FIG. In spaced, inner, circumferential grooves, a scraper 20 and in the piston rod side cylinder chamber 15 closest groove, a rod guide 21 are provided in the outermost groove. The rod seal 17 is likewise provided in two parts with a seal 171 embodied as a sliding and sealing element and an underlying biasing element 172 which corresponds to the element 162 already discussed according to FIG.

In Abweichung von der Kolbendichtung 161 ist der Dichtungsinnenmantel 173 der Stangendichtung 171 bezüglich der Mittelebene asymmetrisch ausgebildet und weist entweder nur einen keilförmigen Spalt, oder aber zwei Spalte mit unterschiedlichen Spaltwinkeln und/oder ihrer Länge auf. Im erstgenannten Fall ist der Spalt vorzugsweise zu dem kolbenstangenseitigen Zylinderraum 15 hin offen.In deviation from the piston seal 161, the inner sealing jacket 173 of the rod seal 171 is formed asymmetrically with respect to the center plane and has either only a wedge-shaped gap, or two columns with different gap angles and / or their length. In the former case, the gap is preferably open to the piston rod-side cylinder chamber 15.

Zwischen der Stangendichtung 171 und der äusseren Umgebung der Zylindereinheit ist eine insgesamt mit 22 bezeichnete Zusatzdichtung angeordnet. Zwischen dieser und der Stangendichtung 171 ist ein als Reservoir für die Hydraulikflüssigkeit dienende Ausnehmung 23 in dem Zylinderkopf angeordnet, in die Hydraulikflüssigkeit, welche während des Ausfahrhubes der Kolbenstange als Schmierfilm unter der Stangendichtung 171 ausgeschleppt wird, gesammelt wird. Diese Oelmenge kann beim anschliessenden Einfahrhub des Kolbens mit seiner Kolbenstange wiederum über das Rückfördervermögen der Standendichtung in den stangenseitigen Zylinderraum 15 zurückgeschleppt werden.Between the rod seal 171 and the outer periphery of the cylinder unit, a total of 22 designated additional seal is arranged. Between this and the rod seal 171 serving as a reservoir for the hydraulic fluid recess 23 is arranged in the cylinder head, in the hydraulic fluid, which is towed out during the extension stroke of the piston rod as a lubricating film under the rod seal 171, is collected. This quantity of oil can in turn be dragged back into the rod-side cylinder chamber 15 via the return capacity of the stand seal during the subsequent retraction stroke of the piston with its piston rod.

Umd die Rückförderung durch die Stangendichtung 171 zu begünstigen, ist die asymmetrische Form der Dichtungsinnenwandung 173 vorgesehen, durch die das Rückfördern der zuvor ausgeschleppten Menge an Hydraulikflüssigkeit letztlich sichergestellt wird.In order to favor the return conveyance through the rod seal 171, the asymmetrical shape of the seal inner wall 173 is provided, by which the return conveyance of the previously removed amount of hydraulic fluid is ultimately ensured.

Claims (14)

Hydraulische Zylindereinheit (5) mit einem einen Innenmantel (7) aufweisenden Zylinderrohr (6) mit an diesem geführten, einen Aussenmantel (9) aufweisenden Kolben (8), mit einer mit diesem verbundenen Kolbenstange (10), deren Stangenoberfläche (11) in einem den stangenseitigen Zylinderraum (15) abschliessenden Zylinderkopf (12) geführt ist, mit zumindest einer, den kolbenstangenseitigen Zylinderraum (15) von der Umgebung der Zylindereinheit (5) zwischen der Stangenoberfläche (11) und dem Zylinderkopf (12) mittels eines rotationssymmetrischen Dichtunginnenmantels (173) abdichtenden, in diesem angeordneten Stangendichtung (17,171) und mit zumindest einer den kolbenstangenseitigen Zylinderraum (15) und den von dem Zylinderboden (13) und dem Kolben (8) gebildeten Zylinderraum (14) zwischen dessen Innenmantel (7) und dem Aussenmantel (9) des Kolbens (8) mittels eines rotationssymmetrischen Dichtungsaussenmantels (162) abdichtenden, in dem Kolben angeordneten Kolbendichtung (16,161), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stangendichtung (17,171) und/oder die Kolbendichtung (16,161) -nachfolgend die Dichtung genannt- zumindest bereichsweise auf ihrem Dichtungsinnen- (173) bzw. Dichtungsaussenmantel (163) -nachfolgend: Dichtungsmantel- eine von dem Mantel eines senkrechten Kreiszylinders abweichende Form unter Bildung zumindest eines konvergierenden Spaltes (165) bezüglich der Stangenoberfläche (11) bzw. des Innenmantels (7) des Zylinderrohrs (6) aufweist.Hydraulic cylinder unit (5) with an inner shell (7) having a cylinder tube (6) guided on this, an outer shell (9) having piston (8) connected to this piston rod (10) whose rod surface (11) in one The cylinder head (12) ending the rod-side cylinder chamber (15) is guided with at least one cylinder rod-side cylinder space (15) from the vicinity of the cylinder unit (5) between the rod surface (11) and the cylinder head (12) by means of a rotationally symmetrical seal inner jacket (173 ) sealing, arranged in this rod seal (17,171) and with at least one piston rod side cylinder space (15) and the cylinder bottom (13) and the piston (8) formed cylinder space (14) between the inner shell (7) and the outer shell (9 ) of the piston (8) by means of a rotationally symmetrical Dichtungsaussenmantels (162) sealing, arranged in the piston piston seal (16,161), dad characterized in that the rod seal (17,171) and / or the piston seal (16,161) - hereinafter called the seal - at least partially on her Sealing interior (173) or sealing outer jacket (163) -following: sealing jacket- a shape deviating from the shell of a vertical circular cylinder, forming at least one converging gap (165) with respect to the rod surface (11) or the inner jacket (7) of the cylinder tube ( 6). Einheit nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung (16,161;17,171) zusätzlich zu der Krümmung in Umfangsrichtung aufgrund ihrer Rotationssymmetrie auch in jenem Bereich, der eine von dem Mantel eines senkrechten Kreiszylinders abweichende Form aufweist, in axialer Richtung gekrümmt ist.Assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the seal (16, 161; 17.171) is curved in the axial direction in addition to the circumferential curvature due to its rotational symmetry even in that region which has a shape different from that of a vertical circular cylinder. Einheit nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung (16,161;17,171) ohne zusätzliche Krümmung in axialer Richtung in jenem Bereich, der eine von dem Mantel eines senkrechten Kreiszylinders abweichende Form aufweist, mit dem Mantel eines senkrechten Kreiszylinders einen keilförmigen Spalt bildet.Assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the seal (16, 161; 17.171), without additional curvature in the axial direction, forms a wedge-shaped gap with the skirt of a vertical circular cylinder in that region which has a shape different from that of a vertical circular cylinder. Einheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kolbendichtung (16,161) zwei von dem Mantel eines senkrechten Kreiszylinders abweichende Spalte (165) aufweist, von denen der eine zu dem Zylinderraum (14) und der andere zu dem stangenseitigen Zylinderraum (15) offen ist.Assembly according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the piston seal (16, 161) has two gaps (165) which deviate from the shell of a vertical circular cylinder, one of which faces the cylinder space (14) and the other cylinder space ( 15) is open. Einheit nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kolbendichtung bezüglich ihrer Mittelebene (164) symmetrisch ausgebildet ist.Unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the piston seal with respect to its center plane (164) is formed symmetrically. Einheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spalt bei der Stangendichtung (17,171) bezüglich deren Mittelebene asymmetrisch ausgebildet ist und der Spalt zu dem kolbenstangenseitigen Zylinderraum (15) hin offen ist.Unit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the gap in the rod seal (17,171) is formed asymmetrically with respect to the center plane and the gap to the piston rod side cylinder chamber (15) is open. Einheit nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen der Stangendichtung (17,171) und der Umgebung der Zylindereinheit (5) eine Zusatzdichtung (22) angeordnet ist.Unit according to claim 6, characterized in that between the rod seal (17,171) and the environment of the cylinder unit (5) an additional seal (22) is arranged. Einheit nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen der Stangendichtung (17,171) und der Zusatzdichtung (22) eine als Reservoir für die Hydraulikflüssigkeit dienende Ausnehmung (23) in dem Zylinderkopf (12) angeordnet ist.Unit according to claim 7, characterized in that between the rod seal (17,171) and the additional seal (22) serving as a reservoir for the hydraulic fluid recess (23) in the cylinder head (12) is arranged. Einheit nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stangendichtung (17,171) einen weiteren Spalt aufweist, dass die beiden Spalte bezüglich deren Mittelebene asymmetrisch ausgebildet sind und der weitere Spalt zu dem als Reservoir für die Hydraulikflüssigkeit dienende Ausnehmung (23) in dem Zylinderkopf (12) hin offen ist.Unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the rod seal (17,171) has a further gap, that the two gaps are formed asymmetrically with respect to the center plane and the further gap to the serving as a reservoir for the hydraulic fluid recess (23) in the cylinder head (12 ) is open. Einheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung (16, 161;17,171) aus PU oder aus einem formstabilen Werkstoff besteht.Unit according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the seal (16, 161; 17,171) consists of PU or of a dimensionally stable material. Einheit nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung (16, 161;17,171) aus PTFE, PA, PE oder POM besteht.Unit according to claim 10, characterized in that the seal (16, 161; 17.171) consists of PTFE, PA, PE or POM. Einheit nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dichtung Füllstoffe zugesetzt sind.Unit according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the seal fillers are added. Einheit nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Füllstoffe Bronze oder Graphit sind.Unit according to claim 12, characterized in that the fillers are bronze or graphite. Einheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass unter der Dichtung (16,161;17,171) ein Vorspannelement (162;172) angeordnet ist.Unit according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a biasing element (162, 172) is arranged below the seal (16, 161;
EP05027904.1A 2005-04-20 2005-12-20 Hydraulic actuator Active EP1715194B1 (en)

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EP2253846A3 (en) * 2009-05-13 2013-03-06 Borsig Compressor Parts GmbH Linear compressor
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KR20180110069A (en) 2016-02-23 2018-10-08 이턴 인텔리전트 파워 리미티드 Hydraulic control unit with charging port
FR3054277B1 (en) * 2016-07-19 2018-07-13 Airbus Helicopters RESONATOR, AND AIRCRAFT PROVIDED WITH THIS RESONATOR
US10272891B2 (en) * 2016-07-28 2019-04-30 Kelsey-Hayes Company Compliant torque coupler for a dual acting plunger assembly of a vehicle brake system
EP3290719B1 (en) * 2016-08-31 2019-07-17 Goodrich Actuation Systems SAS Seal arrangement for an actuator
DE102017204810A1 (en) * 2017-03-22 2018-09-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fluid cylinder with improved sealing element and manufacturing method therefor
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EP1975402A4 (en) * 2006-01-16 2011-04-13 Nok Corp High-pressure fuel pump and seal system for high-pressure fuel pump
EP2253846A3 (en) * 2009-05-13 2013-03-06 Borsig Compressor Parts GmbH Linear compressor
CN113494610A (en) * 2021-07-08 2021-10-12 西华大学 Floating ring structure with damping support and mechanical sealing device
CN113494610B (en) * 2021-07-08 2023-06-27 西华大学 Floating ring structure with damping support and mechanical sealing device

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US20060272498A1 (en) 2006-12-07
EP1715194B1 (en) 2014-06-04
US7762177B2 (en) 2010-07-27
DE102005018442A1 (en) 2006-10-26
EP1715194A3 (en) 2008-05-21

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