EP1714240A1

EP1714240A1 - System and method for automated risk determination and/or optimization of the service life of technical facilities

Info

Publication number: EP1714240A1
Application number: EP04804704A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Yvan Pannatier; Andreas Maechler; Tobias Muster
Original assignee: Swiss Reinsurance Co Ltd
Current assignee: Swiss Re AG
Priority date: 2004-02-03
Filing date: 2004-12-07
Publication date: 2006-10-25
Also published as: WO2005076170A1; US8165907B2; US20080077457A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (10) and to a method for automated optimization of the service life of technical facilities (20, 21, ...) and/or risk determination of technical facilities (20, 21, ...), wherein facility data is captured by means of a capture module (11) of the optimization device (10) and facility risks are optimized by means of an evaluation module (12) of the optimization device (10) based on the facility data (201, 202, ...; 211, 212, ...). At least one risk analysis value for automated risk management and/or facility optimization value for automated optimization of at least one protection device or minimization of a danger potential of the technical facility are determined by means of corresponding risk elements (1410, 1411, 1412) and/or protection elements (1510, 1511,1512).

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE AUTOMATED RISK ANALYSIS AND / OR OPTIMIZATION OF THE OPERATING TIME OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

The invention relates to a device and method for automated, automated optimization of the operating time of technical systems and / or risk management and / or determination of technical systems, system data being recorded by means of a recording module of an optimization system and investment risks being optimized by means of an evaluation module of the optimization system based on the system data Be 10. The invention relates in particular to an automated and / or computer-aided device and / or a corresponding method for risk management of portfolios of securities and / or insurance policies etc. in connection with technical systems.

The operating time of technical systems is of great economic importance. On the one hand, the failure of a plant or parts of the plant means a loss of production and, on the other hand, this risk ties up production resources. In the case of highly technical systems in particular, an increasing number of risk factors play an important role in view of a possible business interruption. Use, for example of computer technology or highly sensitive technical system components, makes it difficult on the one hand to evaluate and on the other hand to optimize the operating time of the technical system.

Systems for automatically monitoring system elements and / or protective elements are known from the prior art, for example. An advantage of such systems is that operational failures can be localized in a relatively short period of time and, if necessary, can be remedied. The disadvantage is that this system does not ensure an evaluation of the expected operating time or its optimization. In addition, such systems are only suitable for monitoring objective and 30 quantifiable risk elements, such as temperature, speed of an engine or the like. The publication US 2003/004128 A1 describes a system for evaluating risks in an information system which makes it calculable on the basis of probabilities, for example an expected operating time. The system has a recording module for recording the risk data in a database and an evaluation module for calculating the overall risk. The concept of risk is defined as the product of potential damage and the probability that it will happen. A disadvantage of this known solution is that, for a comprehensive evaluation of the expected operating time, even variables that cannot be objectively determined play an important role, which are not taken into account in this known system. It is also extremely difficult to determine the potential damage and the likelihood of it happening.

Another problem based on the difficulty of assessing technical systems within an industry type and across industries with regard to their risk of a breakdown etc. is known from the risk management of portfolios of securities or funds. Within a portfolio, the risk of individual securities should be mutually supported as well as possible. The systems known in the prior art typically include assumptions and theories about the economic strength as well as goals of the portfolio, such as high return of invest and / or low investor risk. For the calculation e.g. business data and / or stock market data taken into account by the system. This can include, for example, a historical stock market trend, balance sheet information and / or the reported profit. However, experience has shown that financial analysts often change in industry, which means that the corporate strategy of individual companies can change just as frequently and unpredictably. This can hardly be taken into account with the systems of the prior art without substantial interventions in the system being necessary each time.

It is an object of this invention to propose a new system and a method for automated risk management and / or automated optimization of the operating time of technical systems, which do not have the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, an automated, simple and rational system and method is to be proposed, which also reliably assesses complex technical systems. Based on this assessment, an automated risk management of the technical system and an optimization of the protective devices and operating time in relation to other technical systems should be possible. Another object of the invention is to enable automated, transparent and user-friendly risk management of a portfolio of securities based on technical systems. This risk management should be able to adapt dynamically and automatically to changing conditions.

According to the present invention, this aim is achieved in particular by the elements of the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments also emerge from the dependent claims and the description.

In particular, these objectives are achieved by the invention in that, for the automated optimization of the operating time of technical systems and / or risk determination of technical systems, the device and / or the computer-aided system include a recording module for recording system data and an analysis module for analyzing the system data and / or Optimizing the operating time of the system comprises that the acquisition module comprises at least one measuring device and / or sensor decentrally connected to the device via a network with corresponding interfaces for determining one or more system-specific quality factors, the measuring device and / or sensor being assigned to a specific technical system that the optimization device comprises a first database with predefined risk elements, wherein a risk element and / or a risk potential of the technical system can be quantified by means of a risk element, that the optimization device comprises a second database with predefined protective elements, wherein a protective device and / or a possibility of protecting technical systems can be quantified by means of a protective element, that of the technical system at least one risk element and / or at least one protective element is stored in an associated manner, with a system-specific weighting factor being determinable for each risk element and protective element, which weighting factor comprises the relative weighting ratio of the risk elements and / or protective elements to one another, by means of the at least one measuring device and / or sensor system-specific quality factor for each risk element and protective element can be determined, the quality factor comprising the current system-specific expression of a technical risk element or protective element based on the measured system data, and that the optimization device includes an evaluation module for determining risk analysis values and / or system optimization values based on the sum of the products of the Risk elements with assigned weighting factors and quality factors linked to the sum of the products of the protection elements with assigned weighting factors and quality factors. This

Design variant has among other things the advantage that technical systems can be automatically optimized and / or monitored and compared. This concerns both a possible operating time as well as safety and / or risks of operating the system. The systems can also be optimized with regard to other factors by comparing them. These include e.g. Risk minimization / investment requirement in relation to insurance policies, share prices, etc. By means of the method, the comparison can be made automatically based on current operating data, which is in no way possible with other devices and systems of the prior art. The system and method also has the advantage that it is always up-to-date, automated management of securities and / or insurance policy portfolios, etc., including data that is not based solely on companies' balance sheet and stock exchange data. In particular, short-term changes in the management and / or management of companies are automatically taken into account.

In one embodiment variant, at least two types of investment risk are generated and stored in a memory module of the optimization system, the types of investment risk each comprising at least one risk element and / or a protective element and each technical installation can be assigned to an investment risk type, and a reference value is generated for each investment risk type, the installation data being used to standardize the different technical installations based on the reference value of the assigned investment risk type using a standardization module. As an embodiment variant, the investment risk types can preferably be generated in such a way that a technical installation can always be clearly assigned to an investment risk type. This embodiment variant has the advantage, among other things, that different technical systems can be compared with one another in a standardized manner. On the one hand, this allows an improved and up-to-date assessment of the technical systems among themselves. Portfolios can also be balanced based on the current status of the investments with regard to their risk.

In another embodiment variant, the investment risk types and / or the assigned reference values are generated dynamically. This variant has the advantage that the investment risk types and / or the assigned reference values can be kept as current as possible, which allows a quick reaction to short-term changes. This is achieved in particular without generating additional work, time and / or costs. In a further embodiment variant, the

Linking generates and stores a two-dimensional matrix table in which a first dimension is assigned to the level of protection of a technical system and a second dimension is assigned to the level of risk of a technical system, for automated risk management and / or automated optimization of the operating time of the technical system, the sum of the products of the protective elements with assigned weighting factors and quality factors of the technical system in accordance with the first dimension and the sum of the products of the risk elements with assigned weighting factors and quality factors of the technical system will be entered in accordance with the second dimension, and the at least one risk analysis value and / or system optimization value determined based on the location of the entry in the matrix table. In one embodiment variant, the matrix table in predefined sectors can be divided, one sector corresponding to at least one definable risk analysis value and / or investment optimization value. This embodiment variant has the advantage, among other things, that it allows simple and quick assessment or evaluation of the technical system. This procedure also makes it easier to evaluate changes made in terms of their effectiveness compared to other technical systems.

In yet another embodiment variant, the matrix table for determining the risk analysis values and / or system optimization values for a technical system is standardized using an investment risk-specific standardization factor. The investment risk-specific standardization factor can be generated dynamically based on available investment data from technical systems of the corresponding investment risk type. This variant has the advantage that technical systems can be compared with each other regardless of their type of investment risk. For example, also security portfolios and / or insurance policy portfolios etc. can be optimized or minimized with regard to their investment risk and / or return of invest.

In one embodiment variant, the scale of the first and / or second dimension of the matrix table can be selected linearly. This variant has the advantage that dependencies can be easily recorded and displayed.

In another embodiment variant, the scale of the first and / or second dimension of the matrix table can be selected non-linearly. This variant has the advantage that even complex non-linear dependencies can be easily recorded and displayed. This simplifies the assessment of the technical systems or portfolios. This also simplifies and speeds up a possible optimization of the technical system or the portfolio.

In one embodiment variant, the risk analysis values and / or system optimization values for possible combinations and weightings of the protective elements and / or are determined using an extrapolation module Risk elements are generated automatically and stored so that they can be accessed by a user. This embodiment variant has the advantage, among other things, that local and / or global optimizations can be carried out automatically using the extrapolation module. In particular, such optimizations can be supplemented by one or more neural network units of the extrapolation module.

In an embodiment variant, each investment risk type is assigned a group risk factor by means of an evaluation module, the group risk factor comprising the total risk of all technical systems of an investment risk type. This variant has the advantage that investment risk types can be compared across all types and optimized accordingly, or e.g. insurance policies can also be calculated.

In a further embodiment variant, the group risk factor is generated dynamically by means of an evaluation module. The group risk factor can e.g. generated based on system data. This can be generated once or periodically, for example. This variant has the advantage that the group risk factor can be kept as current as possible, which allows a quick reaction to short-term changes. This is achieved in particular without generating additional work, time and / or costs.

In one embodiment variant, the acquisition module is arranged in a decentrally accessible manner via a network. This variant has the advantage that the system and / or the method can be offered by corresponding service providers and / or service providers, without any technical system being able to encompass the entire system. This has among other things the advantages that costs and / or time expenditure can be optimized or reduced.

In another embodiment variant, groups of protective elements are formed by means of an evaluation module with one or more protective elements as knock-out protective elements, so-called red flags a knock-out protection element determines the behavior of the whole if a given limit value of the knock-out protection element is reached. This has the advantage, among other things, that mutual dependencies between risk elements and / or protective elements can be recorded and taken into account accordingly in the system and / or method.

At this point it should be noted that in addition to the method according to the invention, the present invention also relates to a device and a computer-aided system for carrying out this method. Furthermore, it is not limited to the system and method mentioned, but also relates to a computer program product for implementing the method according to the invention and a corresponding portfolio management system.

Embodiment variants of the present invention are described below using examples. The examples of the designs are illustrated by the following attached figures:

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram which schematically illustrates the architecture of a system according to the invention for automated risk management and / or automated optimization of the operating time of technical systems. Figure 2 schematically illustrates the architecture of part of the

Optimization system 10 according to the invention, wherein an investment risk type RA comprises one or more risk elements REj and / or one or more protective elements SEj and a weighting factor GRi or GSj and a quality factor QRj or QSj are assigned to each REj and SEj.

FIG. 3 shows a diagram which schematically shows the functioning of the matrix table, in which a first dimension is assigned to the level of protection of a technical system 20, 21 and a second dimension is assigned to the level of risk of a technical system 20, 21. FIG. 4 also shows a diagram which schematically shows the functioning of the matrix table, protective devices and investment risk of different investments being arranged around a reference value, for example, for portfolio management in order to minimize the risk of the portfolio.

Figure 1 schematically illustrates an architecture that can be used to implement the invention. In this exemplary embodiment, system data 201, 202, 211, 212 are recorded for automated risk management and / or automated optimization of the operating time of technical systems 20, 21 by means of a recording module 11 of an optimization system 10. The investment data 201, 202, 211, 212 will be optimized by means of an evaluation module 12 of the optimization system 10 based on the investment data 201, 202, 211, 212 investment risks. Detection module 11 and evaluation module 12 can be designed, for example, by hardware and / or software by suitable means. The optimization system 10 generates a list 141 with risk elements 1410, 1411, 1412 and stores it in a first database 14. A risk element and / or a hazard potential of technical systems 20, 21 can be quantified by means of a risk element 1410, 1411, 1412. Danger characteristics and / or hazard potential of technical systems 20, 21 include, for example, fire risk, proximity to water, danger of earthquakes, wear and tear or wear, etc. etc. For example, risk learners can also be recorded based on corresponding groups. Examples of this would include nautical risks such as the immediate or indirect vicinity of the technical system, earthquakes, floods, drought, hurricanes, etc., construction-related risks such as building construction, arrangement of the technical systems in the buildings, electrical and / or sanitary installations etc., process risks such as heat dependence (Fire etc.), process risks, sensitivity to smoke or other contaminants, age of the system. The optimization system 10 generates a list 151 with protective elements 1510, 1511, 1512 and stores it in a second database 15. A protective device and / or a possibility of protecting technical systems 20, 21 can be quantified by means of a protective element 1510, 1511, 1512. Under protection options and / or Protective devices include fire alarms, the number of available fire extinguishers, water sprinkler systems for fighting fires, distance to the nearest fire brigade, but also invested in maintenance, corporate culture and care, etc. etc. The protective elements can also be recorded in groups, such as prevention measures such as water supply, accessibility and accessibility by fire brigade, fire detection devices, fire extinguishing devices etc., or administrative measures such as maintenance of the system, frequency of inspections, training of employees, applied risk management etc. The technical system 20 is at least one risk element 1410,

1411, 1412 and / or protective element 1510, 1511, 1512 is stored associated. For each assigned risk element 1410, 1411, 1412 and protective element 1510, 1511, 1512, a system-specific weighting factor G20ι, G20 ₂ , G21ι, G21 _{2 is} determined by means of the optimization system 10. The weighting factor G20ι, G20 ₂ , G211, G21 ₂ comprises the relative weighting ratio of the risk elements 1410, 1411, 1412 and / or protective elements 1510, 1511, 1512 to one another. By means of a respective measuring and / or detection device 111, 112, 113, 114, a system-specific quality factor Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , Q211, Q21 is generated for each risk element 1410, 1411, 1412 and protective element 1510, 1511, 1512 via corresponding interfaces by the detection module 11 ₂ determined. The measuring devices and / or detection devices 111, 112, 113, 114 can be connected unidirectionally and / or bidirectionally directly or via a network to the detection module 11. The measuring devices and / or detection devices 111, 112, 113, 114 can be corresponding sensors and / or

Input elements, in particular manual input elements, such as keyboard, mouse pad, etc. include. If the connection between the measuring devices and / or the detection devices 111, 112, 113, 114 and the detection module 11 takes place via a network, the network can be, for example, a GSM or a UMTS network, or a satellite-based mobile radio network, and / or one or more Fixed networks, for example the publicly switched telephone network, the worldwide Internet or a suitable LAN (Local Area Network) or WAN (Wide Area Network). In particular, it also includes ISDN and XDSL connections. The quality factor Q20ι, Q20 _2, Q21ι, Q21 ₂ comprises the system-specific expression of a risk element 1410 1411, 1412 or protective element 1510, 1511, 1512 based on the measured system data 201, 202, 211, 212. The evaluation module 12 determines based on the Sum of the products of the risk elements 1410, 1411, 1412 with assigned weighting factors G20ι, G20 ₂ , G21ι, G21 ₂ and quality factors Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , Q21ι, Q21 ₂ linked to the sum of the products of the protection elements 1510, 1511, 1512 with assigned weighting factors G20ι , G20 ₂ , G21ι, G21 ₂ and quality factors Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , Q21 ₁ , Q21 ₂ at least one risk analysis value for automated risk management and / or system optimization value for automated optimization of at least one protective device or minimization of a hazard potential of the technical system.

As an embodiment variant, the optimization system can generate at least two types of investment risk 170, 171 and store it in a memory module 17 of the optimization system 10. The investment risk types 170, 171 each comprise at least one risk element 1410, 1411, 1412 and / or a protective element 1510, 1511, 1512, each technical system 20, 21 being assignable to an investment risk type 170, 171. FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an investment risk type RA which comprises one or more risk elements REj and / or one or more protective elements SEj and a weighting factor GRj or GSj and a quality factor QRi or QSj are stored in association with each REj and SEj. It can be advantageous for the investment risk types to be generated in such a way that the assignment to a technical system is unambiguous. A reference value is generated for each investment risk type 170, 171 and the investment data 201, 202, 211, 212 different technical systems 20, 21 are standardized based on the reference value of the assigned investment risk type 170, 171 by means of a standardization module 18. The investment risk types 170, 171 and / or the assigned reference values can, for example, be generated dynamically. This means that the different types of investment risk can be standardized at any time based on current values, since the most up-to-date data on the technical systems 20, 21 are available at all times with the acquisition modules 11. To link the sum of the products of risk elements 1410, 1411, 1412 with assigned Weighting factors G20ι, G20 ₂ , G21ι, G21 ₂ and quality factors Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , Q21ι, Q21 ₂ with the sum of the products of the protective elements 1510, 1511, 1512 with assigned weighting factors G20ι, G20 ₂ , G21 !, G21 ₂ and quality factors Q20ι, Q20 _2, Q21ι, Q21 ₂ can be, for example, generates a two-dimensional matrix Tabel and stored, in which a first dimension to the level of protection (sum of the products of the protection elements 1510, 1511, 1512 with associated weighting factors G20ι, G20 ₂₎ G21 _1, G21 ₂ and quality factors Q20ι, Q20 _2, Q21ι is assigned Q21 ₂₎ of a technical installation 20, 21 and a second dimension to the risk level (the sum of the products of risk elements 1410 1411, 1412 with associated weighting factors G20ι, G20 _2, _G21!, G21 ₂ and quality factors Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , 021 ^ Q21 ₂ ) is assigned to a technical system 20, 21 (FIG. 3/4). For automated risk management and / or automated optimization of the operating time of the technical system 20, 21, the sum of the products of the protective elements 1510, 1511, 1512 with assigned weighting factors G2Ü _L G20 ₂ , G21ι, G21 ₂ and quality factors Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , Q21-ι , Q21 _{2 of} the technical system 20, 21 in the first dimension and sum of the products of the risk elements 1410, 1411, 1412 with assigned weighting factors G20ι, G20 ₂ , G21 _L G21 ₂ and quality factors Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , Q21 ₁ , Q21 ₂ der technical system 20.21 in the second dimension. The at least one risk analysis value and / or the at least one investment optimization value are determined based on the location of the entry in the matrix table. The matrix table can, for example, be divided into predefinable sectors (FIGS. 3/4), one sector corresponding to at least one definable risk analysis value and / or investment optimization value. The matrix table can be standardized, for example, to determine the risk analysis values and / or system optimization values for a technical system 20, 21 by means of a standardization factor that is specific to the investment risk. The investment risk-specific standardization factor can be generated dynamically based on available investment data from technical installations 20, 21 of the corresponding investment risk type 170, 171. The dynamic generation enables, for example, the matrix table to be updated at any time, which means that even fine changes in the corporate culture and / or management of the technical systems 20, 21 can also be taken into account. The scale of the first and / or second dimension of the matrix table can, for example, be linear or cannot be selected linearly. This means that complex nonlinear processes as well as simple linear dependencies can be taken into account depending on the type of industrial risk. As a special design variant, it can make sense to choose the matrix table of all measured industrial types identically. Using the matrix table, it is easily possible for a user, for example, to optimize a technical system 20, 21 with regard to its protective elements and / or risk elements and / or to adapt it to a general standard. The latter can be important, for example, in the automatic determination of insurance premiums. Likewise, the user can use the matrix table in the case of risk management for portfolios of securities to easily balance and / or adjust his portfolio, for example with regard to investment risk. FIG. 4 shows such a balanced and / or adjusted distribution, with FIG. 3 showing an unbalanced distribution within the matrix table.

As an extension, the risk analysis values and / or system optimization values for possible combinations and weightings of the protective elements 1510, 1511, 1512 and / or risk elements 1410, 1411, 1412 can be automatically generated, for example by means of an extrapolation module 19, and stored for a user to access. By means of extrapolation module 19, for example, the protective elements and / or risk elements can be optimized automatically by the extrapolation module 19 searching for a corresponding local or global extremum and indicating it to the user. For this purpose, further factors and / or boundary conditions can also be taken into account by the extrapolation module 19, such as time factors and / or financial aspects, such as the investment requirement, in order to achieve such an optimization of the technical system 20, 21. Furthermore, it can make sense for each investment risk type 170, 171 to be assigned a group risk factor using evaluation module 12, the group risk factor comprising the total risk of all technical systems of an investment risk type 170, 171. In this embodiment variation too, it can be advantageous for certain applications for the group risk factor to be generated dynamically by means of evaluation module 12. This can be achieved based on the system data of the acquisition modules 11 and / or other current data, such as, for example, Internet queries or queries of networked status databases of the technical systems 20, 21. It is important to point out that the acquisition module 11 can of course be arranged centrally and / or decentrally via a network 50 in the optimization system 10. In the latter possibility, the system 10 can also be offered as a network service, ie, for example, as an Internet service from a service provider and / or provider for operators of technical systems 20, 21. The communication network 50 can be, for example, a GSM or a UMTS network, or a satellite-based mobile radio network, and / or one or more fixed networks, for example the publicly switched telephone network, the worldwide Internet or a suitable LAN (Local Area Network) or WAN (Wide Area) Network) include. In particular, it also includes ISDN and XDSL connections. Corresponding queries can also be made by a user, for example, by means of a communication terminal via the network 50. Data such as texts, graphics, images, maps, animations, moving images, video, quick-time, sound recordings, programs (software), program-accompanying data and hyperlinks or references to multimedia data can be used for communication. These also include, for example, MPx (MP3) or MPEGx (MPEG4 or 7) standards as defined by the Moving Picture Experts Group. In particular, the multimedia data can include data in HTML (HyperText Markup Language), HDML (Handheld Device Markup Language), WMD (Wireless Markup Language), VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) or XML (Extensible Markup Language) format. The user's communication terminal can be, for example, a PC (personal computer), TV, PDA (personal digital assistant) or a mobile radio device (in particular, for example, in combination with a broadcast receiver). For portfolio management in particular, the possibility of a query at any time by the user can be useful, so that he can react quickly and safely, for example, to changed risk conditions.

Finally, it can also be useful for groups of protective elements 1510, 1511, 1512 to be formed by means of evaluation module 12 with one or more protective elements 1510, 1511, 1512 as knock-out protective elements. A knock-out protection element determines and / or dominates the behavior or the influence of the entire group with regard to the evaluation of the optimization system 10, if a given one Limit of the knock-out protective element has been reached. For example, the availability of fire-fighting water and the distance to the nearest local fire department can be defined as protective elements for a special technical system 20, 21. If, on the other hand, there is no fire extinguishing water, this factor also directly influences the functioning of the protective element "fire brigade". Such dependencies can also be taken into account, for example, by means of knock-out protection elements.

Claims

Expectations

1. Device (10) for the automated optimization of the operating time of technical systems (20, 21, ...) and / or risk determination of technical systems (20, 21, ...), which has a recording module (11) for recording system data (201, 202, ...; 211, 212, ...) and an analysis module (13) for analyzing the system data (201, 202, ...; 211, 212, ...) and / or optimizing the operating time of the system (20, 21, ...), characterized in that the detection module (11) connects at least one decentralized to the optimization device (10) via a network

Measuring device and / or sensor (111, 112, 113, 114, ...) with corresponding interfaces for determining one or more plant-specific quality factors (Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , ...; Q21 L Q21 ₂ , ...), wherein the measuring device and / or sensor (111, 112, 113, 114, ...) is assigned to a specific technical system, that the optimization device (10) has a first database (14) with predefined risk elements (1410, 1411, 1412, .. .), whereby by means of a risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) a hazard expression and / or a hazard potential of the technical system (20, 21, ...) can be quantified that the optimization device (10) has a comprises a second database (15) with predefined protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512, ...), with a protective device (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) being used to protect and / or protect technical systems (20, 21, ...) it can be quantified that the optimization device (10) min at least one risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) and / or at least one protective element (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) associated with the technical system (20, 21, ...) includes stored, for each Risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) and protection element (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) a plant-specific Weighting factor (G20-ι, G20 ₂ , ...; G21i, G21 ₂ , ...) can be determined, which weighting factor (G20 _L G20 ₂ , ...; G21 _{1 (} G21 ₂ , ...) the relative weighting ratio of the risk elements (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) and / or protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) to each other comprises that by means of the at least one measuring device and / or sensor

(111, 112, 113, 114, ...) a system-specific quality factor (020 ^ Q20 ₂ , ...; 021 ₁ , 0212, ...) for each risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) and Protection element (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) can be determined, whereby the quality factor (Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , ...; Q21ι, Q21 ₂ , ...) is the current system-specific form of a technical risk element (1410, 1411, 1412 , ...) or

Protection element (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) based on the measured system data (201, 202, ...; 211, 212, ...), and that the optimization device (10) an evaluation module (12) for determining risk analysis values and / or investment optimization values based on the sum of the products of the risk elements (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) with assigned weighting factors (G20ι, G20 ₂ , ...; G21ι, G21 ₂ , ...) and quality factors ( Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , ...; Q21ι, Q21 ₂ , ...) linked to the sum of the products of the protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) with assigned weighting factors (G20ι, G20 ₂ , ...; G21ι, G21 ₂ , ...) and quality factors (Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , ...; Q211, Q21 ₂ , ...).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a memory module (17) of the optimization device (10) comprises a plurality of investment risk types (170, 171, ...), the investment risk types (170, 171, ...) in each case at least include a risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) and / or a protection factor (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) and each technical system (20, 21, ...) of an investment risk type (170, 171, ...) is assignable, and that the optimization device (10) comprises a standardization module (18) for automatically generating an investment risk type-specific reference value, the standardization module (18) being used for the Investment data (201, 202, ...; 211, 212, ...) different technical systems (20, 21, ...) are standardized based on the reference value of the assigned investment risk type (170, 171, ...).

3. Device (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the optimization device (10) an extrapolation module (19) for automatically generating the risk analysis values and / or optimization data for possible combinations and weightings of the protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512 , ...) and / or risk elements (1410, 1411, 1412, ...).

4. Device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each type of investment risk (170, 171, ...) a group risk factor can be assigned, the group risk factor using the evaluation module (12) and the total risk of all technical systems an investment risk type (170, 171, ...).

5. The device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the detection module (1 1) is arranged decentrally accessible via a network (50).

6. A method for automated risk management and / or automated optimization of the operating time of technical systems (20, 21, ...), one using a detection module (11)

Optimization device (10), system data are recorded and system risks are optimized by means of an evaluation module (12) of the optimization device (10) based on the system data (201, 202, ...; 211, 212, ...), characterized in that a list ( 141) with risk elements (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) is generated and stored in a first database (14) of the optimization device (10), with a risk element and a risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) / or a hazard potential of technical systems (20, 21, ...) can be quantified, that a list (151) with protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) is generated and stored in a second database (15) of the optimization device (10), with a protective element (1510, 1511, 1512, ... ) a protective device and / or a possibility of protecting technical systems (20, 21, ...) can be quantified, that the technical system (20) has at least one risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) and / or protective element (1510 , 1511, 1512, ...) is stored, whereby for each assigned risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) and protective element (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) a system-specific weighting factor (G20ι, G2Ü2, ...; G21ι, G21 ₂ , ...) it is determined which weighting factor (G20ι, G20 ₂ , ...; G21-ι, G21 ₂ , ...) determines the relative weighting ratio of the risk elements (1410, 1411, 1412 , ...) and / or protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) to one another that by means of a respective measuring and / or detection device (111, 112, 113, 114, ...) via corresponding interfaces through the detection module (11) for each risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) and protective element (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) plant-specific quality factor (Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , ...; Q211, Q21 ₂ , ...) is determined, whereby the quality factor (Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , ...; Q21ι, Q21 ₂ , ...) is the system-specific expression of a risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) or protective element (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) based on the measured system data (201, 202, ...; 211, 212, ...), and that the evaluation module (12) based on the sum of the products the risk elements (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) with assigned weighting factors (G20ι, G20 ₂ , ...; G21ι, G21 ₂ , ...) and quality factors (Q20-I, Q20 ₂ , ...; Q21ι , Q21 ₂ , ...) linked to the sum of the products of the protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) with assigned weighting factors (G20- _I , G20 ₂ , ...; G21ι, G21 ₂ , ... ) and quality factors (Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , ...; Q21ι, Q21 ₂ , ...) at least one risk analysis value for automated risk management and / or investment optimization value for automated optimization of at least one protective device or minimization of a hazard potential Determined in the technical system.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that at least two types of investment risk (170, 171, ...) are generated and stored in a memory module (17) of the optimization device (10), the types of investment risk (170, 171, ... ) each comprise at least one risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) and / or a protective element (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) and each technical system (20, 21, ...) of an investment risk type (170 , 171, ...) and that a reference value is generated for each type of investment risk (170, 171, ...), the investment data (201, 202, ...; 211, 212 , ...) different technical systems (20, 21, ...) are standardized based on the reference value of the assigned investment risk type (170, 171, ...).

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the investment risk types (170, 171, ...) and / or the assigned reference values are generated dynamically.

9. The method according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the investment risk types (170, 171, ...) are generated such that a technical system (20, 21, ...) always clearly one investment risk type (170 , 171, ...) can be assigned.

10. Computer-aided method according to one of claims 6 to

9, characterized in that a two-dimensional matrix table is generated and stored in accordance with the linkage, in which a first dimension is assigned to the level of protection of a technical system (20, 21) and a second dimension is assigned to the level of risk of a technical system (20, 21) is assigned that for automated risk management and / or for the automated optimization of the operating time of the technical system (20, 21,

...) the sum of the products of the protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) with assigned weighting factors (G20ι, G20 ₂ , ...; G21ι, G21 ₂ , ...) and quality factors (Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , ...; Q21ι, Q21 ₂ , ...) of the technical system (20, 21, ...) is transmitted in the first dimension and the sum of the products 5 of the risk elements (1410, 1411, 1412, ... ) with assigned weighting factors (G20ι, G20 ₂ , ...; G21 _L G21 ₂ , ...) and quality factors (Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , ...; Q21 ₁ , Q21 ₂ , ...) of the technical system (20 , 21, ...) is transmitted in the second dimension, and that the at least one risk analysis value and / or 0 investment optimization value is determined based on the location of the entry in the matrix table.

11. Computer-aided method according to claim 10, characterized in that the matrix table is divided into predefinable sectors, one sector corresponding to at least one definable risk analysis value and / or5 investment optimization value.

12. Computer-aided method according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the matrix table for determining the risk analysis values and / or system optimization values for a technical system (20, 21) is standardized by means of an investment risk-specific standardization factor.

13. Computer-aided method according to claim 12, characterized in that the investment risk-specific standardization factor is generated dynamically based on available investment data of technical systems (20, 21) of the corresponding investment risk type (170, 171, ...). 5

14. Computer-aided method according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the scale of the first and / or second dimension of the matrix table can be selected linearly.

15. Computer-aided method according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the scale of the first and / or second dimension of the matrix table is non-linearly selectable.

16. Computer-aided method according to one of claims 6 to 15, characterized in that by means of an extrapolation module (19)

Risk analysis values and / or system optimization values for possible combinations and weightings of the protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) and / or risk elements (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) are automatically generated and stored so that they are accessible for a user.

17. Computer-aided method according to one of claims 6 to

16, characterized in that each investment risk type (170, 171, ...) is assigned a group risk factor by means of an evaluation module (12), the group risk factor comprising the total risk of all technical systems of an investment risk type (170, 171, ...).

18. Computer-aided method according to one of claims 6 to

17, characterized in that the group risk factor is generated dynamically by means of an evaluation module (12).

19. Computer-aided method according to one of claims 6 to

18, characterized in that the detection module (11) is arranged so that it is accessible via a network (50).

20. Computer-aided method according to one of claims 6 to

19, characterized in that groups of protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) are formed by means of an evaluation module (12) with one or more protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) as knock-out protective elements, a knock-out protection element determines and / or dominates the behavior of the entire group if a given limit value of the knock-out protection element has been reached.

21. Computer-aided portfolio management system, characterized in that that the portfolio management system comprises a first database (14) with predefined risk elements (1410, 1411, 1412, ...), whereby by means of a risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) a risk characteristic and / or a hazard potential of the technical system (20, 21, ...) can be quantified that the portfolio management system comprises a second database (15) with predefined protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512, ...), with a protective element (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) a protection device and / or a protection option of technical systems (20, 21, ...) can be quantified that the technical system (20, 21, ...) has at least one risk element (1410, 1411, 1412,. ..) and / or at least one protective element (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) is stored assigned, whereby for each risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) and protective element (1510, 1511, 1512, .. .) a system-specific weighting factor (G20ι, G20 ₂ , ...; G21ι, G21 ₂ , ...) can be determined t, which weighting factor (G20ι, G20, ...; G2K G21 ₂ , ...) the relative weighting ratio of the risk elements (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) and / or protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) to each other includes that the portfolio management system has at least one measurement and / or detection device (111, 112, 113, 114, ..) with corresponding interfaces for determining an installation-specific quality factor (Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , ...; Q211, Q21 ₂ , ...) for each risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) and protective element (1510, 1511, 1512, ...), whereby the quality factor (Q20 _L Q20 ₂ , ...; Q21 _{1 s} Q21 ₂ , ...) is the current system-specific version of a technical Risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) or protective element (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) based on the measured system data (201, 202, ...; 211, 212, ...) includes that the portfolio management system includes an evaluation module (12) for determining risk analysis values based on the sum of the products of the risk elements (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) n

Weighting factors (G20ι, G20 ₂ , ...; G21 _L G21 ₂ , ...) and quality factors (Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , ...; Q21ι, Q21 ₂ , ...) linked to the sum of the products of the protective elements (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) with assigned weighting factors (G20ι, G20 ₂ , ... ; G21ι, G21 ₂ , ...) and quality factors (Q20ι, Q20 ₂ , ...; 021 ^ Q21 ₂ , ...), whereby the portfolio management system based on the risk analysis values the purchase and / or sale of securities and / or releases or blocks bonds.

22. Computer-based system according to claim 21, characterized in that a memory module (17) of the portfolio management system comprises a plurality of investment risk types (170, 171, ...), the

Investment risk types (170, 171, ...) each include at least one risk element (1410, 1411, 1412, ...) and / or a protection factor (1510, 1511, 1512, ...) and each technical system (20, 21 , ...) can be assigned to an investment risk type (170, 171, ...) that the portfolio management system includes a standardization module (18) for automatically generating an investment risk type-specific reference value, the investment data (201, 202,. ..; 211, 212, ...) different technical systems (20, 21, ...) are standardized based on the reference value of the assigned investment risk type (170, 171, ...), and that buying and / or selling securities can be determined using a portfolio management system in such a way that the risk of loss is minimized with the highest possible profit opportunities.