EP1713602B1 - Casting machine for producing cast parts - Google Patents
Casting machine for producing cast parts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1713602B1 EP1713602B1 EP05706884A EP05706884A EP1713602B1 EP 1713602 B1 EP1713602 B1 EP 1713602B1 EP 05706884 A EP05706884 A EP 05706884A EP 05706884 A EP05706884 A EP 05706884A EP 1713602 B1 EP1713602 B1 EP 1713602B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- chamber
- mold
- casting machine
- casting chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/08—Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
- B22D17/2023—Nozzles or shot sleeves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
- B22D17/2053—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die using two or more cooperating injection pistons
Definitions
- the invention relates to a casting machine for the production of castings, in particular to a casting machine for the production of castings from non-ferrous metals by a cold chamber casting process.
- Conventional cold chamber casting machines for the production of castings by the cold chamber casting method include a closing unit of three machine plates, namely a machine plate, a movable platen and a fixed platen, four columns, along which the movable platen is reciprocally movable, and a drive unit for Driving the movable platen, usually via a hydraulically driven toggle or double toggle.
- a mold is patterned with a movable mold half on the movable platen and with a fixed mold half on the fixed platen. The necessary clamping force is applied via the clamping unit by clamping the columns between the machine plate and the fixed clamping plate.
- a casting unit with which a melt forms a mold cavity formed by the mold perpendicular to the dividing plane, i.e., a casting unit, joins. to the parting plane of the two mold halves, is fed through a casting chamber through the fixed platen and the solid mold half of the mold.
- the casting unit has for this purpose a usually hydraulically driven, movable in the casting chamber casting piston.
- an ejection unit is integrated behind the movable platen, which usually also hydraulically driven and ejector pins which are passed through the movable platen to strip the cast parts from the movable mold half after opening the mold.
- the machine side for example, consists of hydraulic cylinders, which are usually mounted on the movable platen, sometimes on the fixed clamping plate on.
- the casting process in cold chamber casting machines is known to run in the three successive phases Vor Reichllphase, Formglallphase and Nachbuchphase.
- the casting chamber is filled with melt, and the casting piston conveys the melt into the vicinity of the gate.
- the dosage may e.g. mechanically via a spoon or réellegasbeaufschlagt from a holding furnace via a channel or via a riser, as in the so-called Vacuralvon done.
- the dosing times are typically between 1s and 30s depending on the dosing and dosing quantity. Due to this relatively long dosing time there is a risk that a part of the melt already solidifies in the casting chamber.
- the casting piston speed in the prefill phase can typically be set in a range between 0.1 m / s and 1.0 m / s, so that, on the one hand, the melt is conveyed as quickly as possible and, on the other hand, trapped air. can be avoided as far as possible by overturning a wave of the melt which builds up before the casting piston, by formation of the spray and / or by reflection in the casting residue region.
- the mold filling phase is as short as possible; It usually lasts between 5ms to 60ms, in some cases much longer.
- the casting wheel moves the melt at high speed, adjustable typically in a range up to 10 ms and more.
- At the end of the mold filling phase by converting the kinetic energy into a Pressure pulse high pressures occur, so there is a risk of tearing the mold.
- Modern casting machines therefore have means to absorb the kinetic energy towards the end of the mold filling phase.
- the melt solidifies under the emphasis, and air trapped during mold filling is compressed under static pressure.
- the proportion of entrapped air in the volume porosity is small.
- the volume porosity usually consists of voids whose cause is the insufficient supply of a shrinkage-related portion of the melt at the transition liquid / solid.
- the make-up is made more difficult by the fact that the melt already partially solidifies during the metering in the prefilling phase.
- the flow path of the melt in the casting system is relatively long, so that the melt releases relatively much heat along its flow path.
- the gates are usually thin-walled in relation to the wall thickness of the castings, which means that the melt in some areas of the casting is still liquid, while it is already partially solidified in the gate area, which makes a further desserts no longer possible or anyway difficult.
- the formation of a solidified edge shell in the casting chamber after metering has the consequence that a part of the melt is available neither for the mold filling, nor for the Nachspeisung the shrinkage-related portion in the mold cavity.
- the high pressures require a relatively large thickness of the fixed platen and consequently a correspondingly long casting chamber, which in turn limits the filling level in the casting chamber to typically 15% to at most about 70%, with a correspondingly large volume of air in the casting chamber.
- the conventional orientation of the casting unit relative to the closing unit requires relatively long flow paths of the melt in the casting chamber and in the casting system and often crimping of the casting system / anvil.
- the application of high pressures may also result in elastic deformation of solidified casting residue and casting chamber in the casting residue region and thereby jamming of the casting residue in the casting chamber, so that high opening forces may be needed to rip the casting residue from the casting chamber. This can lead to high and / or premature wear of casting chamber and casting piston.
- the clamping of the casting residue in the casting chamber also often results in the application of an excess of piston lubricant result, which can lead to inclusions in the casting.
- the casting unit is adapted to convey the melt in its casting chamber vertically from below to the mold and thus also substantially perpendicular to the generally horizontal direction of movement of the mold clamping unit.
- the casting chamber To be able to feed the pouring unit from above with melt, it is arranged with its casting chamber generally pivotable about a horizontal axis, ie it can be pivoted with its casting chamber for filling in a position inclined to the vertical.
- Such casting machines are for example in the published patent applications JP 03-128160 A and JP 01-186255 A and the patent US 4,690,197 disclosed.
- the invention is based on the technical problem of providing a casting machine of the type mentioned, with which the above-mentioned difficulties conventional casting machines can be avoided in whole or in part.
- the invention solves this problem by providing a casting machine having the features of claim 1.
- a respective casting unit is adapted to convey melt in its casting chamber with a horizontal conveying direction component perpendicular to the direction of movement of the mold closing unit.
- This design of the casting unit has many advantages over the conventional design with the direction of movement of the mold closing unit parallel conveying direction of the melt. Thus, a vertical deflection of the melt in the casting system to the gate can be avoided.
- the casting chamber may be oriented in the division plane or at least parallel to it. It is possible for a given casting volume relatively small length of the casting chamber and a relatively high degree of filling of the same. For desserts of the shrinkage-related portion of the melt on the casting system in the mold cavity is sufficient, a relatively low emphasis.
- the casting chamber may laterally or at least with parallel to the parting plane component lead to the mold cavity and does not need to be passed axially through the fixed platen.
- the casting machine can comprise only one casting unit or, according to claim 2, several casting units, each with an associated casting chamber, in order to be able to simultaneously feed melt into the mold at several points.
- parts with a larger volume or larger explosive surface, ie surface, with consistently short mold filling times can be poured.
- the casting chamber according to claim 3 in height and / or its inclination is adjustable. This advantageously allows adaptation to the particular application or to the respective mounted mold.
- the casting chamber is designed in several parts. Specifically, a three-part casting chamber is provided in an embodiment according to claim 5, which includes two half-shells within the mold, to which a ring connects to the outside. Of the two half-shells is one of the fixed mold half, the other associated with the movable mold half.
- the casting chamber is thermally insulated from the two mold halves.
- this may e.g. be realized by a thermal insulation of the two casting chamber half shells relative to the respective facing mold half.
- a closure of the casting chamber as far as possible relative to the casting system after closing the mold until the start of the mold filling phase is made possible.
- the barrel can remain partially open when needed.
- a common plate as a solid mold half and fixed platen. This concept allows for a comparatively fast patterning of the forms.
- Casting machine for producing cast parts, in particular made of non-ferrous metals, according to a cold chamber casting method comprises a mold clamping unit 1 and a pouring unit 2.
- the mold clamping unit 1 conventionally comprises a rectangular, movable platen 3, which is attached to four pillars 4 and optionally not shown, bottom side slides is movably guided.
- the columns 4 extend through corresponding column passage openings in the corner regions of the movable platen 3.
- the movable platen 3 is reciprocally movable along the columns 4 horizontally in the axial direction by means of a toggle lever drive mechanism 5.
- a rear machine plate 6 forms the rear end of the casting machine.
- the movable platen 3 carries a Auswerfech in the usual way. 7
- a front end plate 8 is fixed to an in Fig. 1 Not shown base frame or base frame of the casting machine mounted and functioning simultaneously as a fixed platen as well as a solid mold half, with a in the space between the columns 4 and between movable and fixed platen 3, 8 introduced, movable mold half 9 cooperates to form a mold with a mold cavity to be poured.
- the necessary clamping force is applied by the mold clamping unit 1 by tensioning the columns 4 between the rear machine plate 6 and the fixed platen or mold half 8.
- the casting unit 2 includes a conventional holding furnace 10 and a ring-channel casting chamber 11, can be metered into the tempered by the holding furnace 10 melt and conveyed by a casting piston in Gellofitscardi 12 to the mold cavity in the mold.
- the casting chamber 11 extends, as can be seen, with its longitudinal direction 12 parallel to the dividing plane, i. to the parting plane of solid and movable mold half 8, 9.
- the casting chamber 11 is mounted with a horizontal longitudinal or conveying direction 12 via a support 13 on a base frame 14. Accordingly, the moves in the FIGS. 2 and 3 with its front end region indicated casting piston 15 horizontal.
- the casting chamber 11 extends from a rear region outside of the mold halves 8, 9, in which a riser 16 opens for melt supply, to a front region, which is located in the region of the two mold halves 8, 9.
- the casting chamber 11 leads laterally from the outside in the parting plane between the mold halves 8, 9 to the mold cavity and not axially through one of the two mold halves 8, 9 therethrough.
- a core pull 17 for partially closing the run and a core pull 18 for mold venting via a vacuum valve are provided in the fixed mold half 8.
- the 4 to 6 illustrate a structurally advantageous implementation of the casting chamber 11.
- the casting chamber 11 is designed in three parts with an outer chamber ring 11a and two adjoining chamber half shells 11b, 11c.
- the two half-shells 11b, 11c are located in the region between the two mold halves 8, 9, one of the two half-shells 11b, 11c being associated with one of the two mold halves 8, 9.
- heating means may also be provided for heating the front casting chamber section located in the region inside the mold halves 8, 9.
- a closure valve 20 is provided, with which the casting chamber 11 against the casting system after closing the mold to the start of Formphilllphase can be largely closed.
- the barrel can remain partially open.
- Fig. 6 this can remain a vent 21 in the upper part of the Gellohuntaustritts.
- the valve 20 is of a conventional, mechanically, electrically or hydraulically controlled type. How out Fig. 6 further apparent, the Melt feed in this embodiment via a riser 22, which opens into a radial bore 23 of the Gellohuntrings 11 a.
- the casting chamber is arranged adjustable in its horizontal height and / or in its inclination relative to the horizontal. It is understood that the casting process using the casting machine according to the invention in the usual three phases, i. Prefill, Formglallphase and Nachbuchphase, runs to castings, for. from Al and Mg alloys in Kalthuntg intelligent processor or other materials and / or produce with a different casting process.
- FIG. 7 shows such a variant of the casting machine of Fig.1 with two casting units 2a, 2b. Otherwise, the embodiment of Fig. 7 that of Fig. 1 , so that the same reference numerals are used for functionally identical elements and to that extent to the above description Fig. 1 can be referenced.
- Both casting units 2 a, 2 b are of the same construction as the casting unit 2 of FIG Fig. 1 each with a holding furnace 10a, 10b and a casting chamber 11e, 11f for transporting melt in the respective longitudinal direction 12a, 12b of the respective casting chamber 11e, 11f.
- each of the two casting chambers 11a, 11f corresponds to the above for this purpose with reference to the individual casting chamber 11 of the casting machine of Fig. 1 given realization possibilities, the resulting properties and advantages apply in the same way as above to the Fig. 1 to 6 explained.
- the two casting chambers 11e, 11f may face each other horizontally at the same height or at different heights, or it may be provided that the two casting chambers 11e, 11f are variably set individually in their height and / or in their inclination to the horizontal can.
- conveying directions 12a, 12b of the two casting chambers 11e, 11f are opposite to one another at the same or different height or are non-parallel to each other in the plane perpendicular to the horizontal, axial lifting / moving direction of the conveying unit 1.
- This doubling of the volume flow of melt thus allows the casting of parts with double volume or double explosive surface with a consistently short mold filling time and while maintaining the other advantages, as above for the casting machine of Fig. 1 are indicated.
- the measure of the casting chamber orientation according to the invention with the conveying direction component parallel to the dividing plane enables relatively problem-free placement of the two casting units 2a, 2b at the side of the casting mold.
- more than two casting units can be placed in the same way laterally next to the casting mold or around the casting mold, if necessary.
- the two measures to form the fixed platen simultaneously as a solid mold half and the respective casting chamber designed so that the pouring unit in question promotes melt with a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the mold clamping unit conveying direction each have in themselves and in combination considerable advantages.
- These advantages are achieved in whole or in part also in alternative embodiments, in which only one of the two measures is realized or the conveying direction of a respective casting chamber is not exactly perpendicular to the direction of movement of the mold clamping unit, but deviating from an acute or obtuse angle with the direction of movement, i. the axial stroke direction, the mold closing unit includes.
- the conveying direction of the casting chamber in each case has its main component preferably in the plane perpendicular to the stroke direction of the conveying unit.
- the shape design with the same time acting as a solid mold half fixed platen allows fast up and Abmustern the forms used, including the lateral arrangement of the casting unit contributes.
- the solid mold half 8 can be relatively easily replaced without obstruction by the casting unit on the front end of the machine.
- a vertical deflection of the melt in the casting system to the gate in the parting plane can be avoided, which helps that the casting chamber runs parallel or parallel component with respect to the parting plane, optionally with variable height adjustment.
- the casting chamber may be constructed in the region of the casting mold from half-shells, one of which is associated with one of the two mold halves, so that they can be received in lateral semi-cylindrical recesses of the mold halves.
- the melt can be supplied via a riser after closing or locking the mold or alternatively via a filling opening from above by means of a metering device.
- a riser after closing or locking the mold or alternatively via a filling opening from above by means of a metering device.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Gießmaschine zur Herstellung von Gussteilen, insbesondere auf eine Gießmaschine zur Herstellung von Gussteilen aus NE-Metallen nach einem Kaltkammergießverfahren.The invention relates to a casting machine for the production of castings, in particular to a casting machine for the production of castings from non-ferrous metals by a cold chamber casting process.
Herkömmliche Kaltkammer-Gießmaschinen zur Herstellung von Gussteilen nach dem Kaltkammergießverfahren beinhalten eine Schließeinheit aus drei Maschinenplatten, nämlich einem Maschinenschild, einer beweglichen Aufspannplatte und einer festen Aufspannplatte, aus vier Säulen, entlang denen die bewegliche Aufspannplatte hin und her bewegbar ist, und aus einer Antriebseinheit zum Antreiben der beweglichen Aufspannplatte, in der Regel über einen hydraulisch angetriebenen Kniehebel oder Doppelkniehebel. Eine Gießform wird mit einer beweglichen Formhälfte auf der beweglichen Aufspannplatte und mit einer festen Formhälfte auf der festen Aufspannplatte aufgemustert. Die notwendige Zuhaltekraft wird über die Schließeinheit durch Spannen der Säulen zwischen dem Maschinenschild und der festen Aufspannplatte aufgebracht.Conventional cold chamber casting machines for the production of castings by the cold chamber casting method include a closing unit of three machine plates, namely a machine plate, a movable platen and a fixed platen, four columns, along which the movable platen is reciprocally movable, and a drive unit for Driving the movable platen, usually via a hydraulically driven toggle or double toggle. A mold is patterned with a movable mold half on the movable platen and with a fixed mold half on the fixed platen. The necessary clamping force is applied via the clamping unit by clamping the columns between the machine plate and the fixed clamping plate.
An die feste Aufspannplatte schließt bei herkömmlichen Kaltkammer-Gießmaschinen in axialer Richtung eine Gießeinheit an, mit der eine Schmelze einem durch die Gießform gebildeten Formhohlraum senkrecht zur Teilungsebene, d.h. zur Trennebene der beiden Formhälften, über eine Gießkammer durch die feststehende Aufspannplatte und die feste Formhälfte der Gießform hindurch zugeführt wird. Die Gießeinheit weist dazu einen üblicherweise hydraulisch angetriebenen, in der Gießkammer bewegbaren Gießkolben auf.To the fixed platen, in the conventional cold chamber casting machines, in the axial direction, a casting unit, with which a melt forms a mold cavity formed by the mold perpendicular to the dividing plane, i.e., a casting unit, joins. to the parting plane of the two mold halves, is fed through a casting chamber through the fixed platen and the solid mold half of the mold. The casting unit has for this purpose a usually hydraulically driven, movable in the casting chamber casting piston.
In der Schließeinheit ist hinter der beweglichen Aufspannplatte eine Auswerfeinheit integriert, die üblicherweise ebenfalls hydraulisch angetrieben wird und Auswerferbolzen aufweist, die durch die bewegliche Aufspannplatte hindurchgeführt werden, um die gegossenen Teile von der beweglichen Formhälfte nach dem Öffnen der Gießform abzustreifen. Des weiteren ist üblicherweise eine Kernzieheinrichtung vorhanden, die maschinenseitig z.B. aus Hydraulikzylindern besteht, die meist auf der beweglichen Aufspannplatte, manchmal auch auf der festen Auf spannplatte montiert sind.In the closing unit, an ejection unit is integrated behind the movable platen, which usually also hydraulically driven and ejector pins which are passed through the movable platen to strip the cast parts from the movable mold half after opening the mold. Furthermore, usually a core puller is present, the machine side, for example, consists of hydraulic cylinders, which are usually mounted on the movable platen, sometimes on the fixed clamping plate on.
Der Gießprozess bei Kaltkammer-Gießmaschinen verläuft bekanntermaßen in den drei aufeinanderfolgenden Phasen Vorfüllphase, Formfüllphase und Nachdruckphase. In der Vorfüllphase wird die Gießkammer mit Schmelze gefüllt, und der Gießkolben fördert die Schmelze bis in Anschnittnähe. Die Dosierung kann z.B. mechanisch über einen Löffel oder druckgasbeaufschlagt aus einem Warmhalteofen über eine Rinne oder über ein Steigrohr, wie beim sogenannten Vacuralverfahren, erfolgen. Die Dosierzeiten liegen typischerweise zwischen 1s und 30s je nach Dosierart und Dosiermenge. Aufgrund dieser relativ langen Dosierzeit besteht die Gefahr, dass ein Teil der Schmelze bereits in der Gießkammer erstarrt. Die Gießkolbengeschwindigkeit in der Vorfüllphase ist je nach Maschinenauslegung typischerweise in einem Bereich zwischen 0,1 m/s bis 1,0m/s einstellbar, so dass einerseits die Schmelze möglichst rasch gefördert wird und andererseits Lufteinschlüsse z.B. durch Überschlagen einer sich vor dem Gießkolben aufbauenden Welle der Schmelze, durch Gischtbildung und/oder durch Reflexion im Gießrestbereich möglichst vermieden werden.The casting process in cold chamber casting machines is known to run in the three successive phases Vorfüllphase, Formfüllphase and Nachdruckphase. In the prefilling phase, the casting chamber is filled with melt, and the casting piston conveys the melt into the vicinity of the gate. The dosage may e.g. mechanically via a spoon or druckgasbeaufschlagt from a holding furnace via a channel or via a riser, as in the so-called Vacuralverfahren done. The dosing times are typically between 1s and 30s depending on the dosing and dosing quantity. Due to this relatively long dosing time there is a risk that a part of the melt already solidifies in the casting chamber. Depending on the machine design, the casting piston speed in the prefill phase can typically be set in a range between 0.1 m / s and 1.0 m / s, so that, on the one hand, the melt is conveyed as quickly as possible and, on the other hand, trapped air. can be avoided as far as possible by overturning a wave of the melt which builds up before the casting piston, by formation of the spray and / or by reflection in the casting residue region.
Zur Vermeidung von Kaltfließstellen ist die Formfüllphase möglichst kurz; sie liegt in ihrer Dauer meist zwischen 5ms bis 60ms, in manchen Fällen auch wesentlich länger. In der Formfüllphase bewegt der Gießkoiben die Schmelze mit hoher Geschwindigkeit, einstellbar typischerweise in einem Bereich bis zu 10ms und mehr. Am Ende der Formfüllphase können durch Umwandlung der kinetischen Energie in einen Druckimpuls hohe Drücke auftreten, so dass die Gefahr eines Aufreißens der Gießform besteht. Moderne Gießmaschinen verfügen daher über Mittel, um die kinetische Energie gegen Ende der Formfüllphase zu absorbieren.To avoid cold flow points, the mold filling phase is as short as possible; It usually lasts between 5ms to 60ms, in some cases much longer. In the mold filling phase, the casting wheel moves the melt at high speed, adjustable typically in a range up to 10 ms and more. At the end of the mold filling phase, by converting the kinetic energy into a Pressure pulse high pressures occur, so there is a risk of tearing the mold. Modern casting machines therefore have means to absorb the kinetic energy towards the end of the mold filling phase.
In der Nachdruckphase wird bei Kaltkammer-Gießmaschinen in der Regel über einen Multiplikator ein Nachdruck von 300bar bis 1500bar, in manchen Fällen auch mehr, eingestellt. Die Schmelze erstarrt unter dem Nachdruck, und während der Formfüllung eingeschlossene Luft wird unter dem statischen Nachdruck komprimiert. Der Anteil der unter dem Nachdruck eingeschlossenen Luft an der Volumenporosität ist gering. Die Volumenporosität besteht in der Regel aus Lunkern, deren Ursache die unzureichende Nachspeisung eines schwindungsbedingten Anteils der Schmelze beim Übergang flüssig/fest ist.In the post-pressure phase in cold chamber casting machines usually a reprint of 300bar to 1500bar, in some cases more, adjusted by a multiplier. The melt solidifies under the emphasis, and air trapped during mold filling is compressed under static pressure. The proportion of entrapped air in the volume porosity is small. The volume porosity usually consists of voids whose cause is the insufficient supply of a shrinkage-related portion of the melt at the transition liquid / solid.
Bei herkömmlichen Kaltkammer-Gießmaschinen ist die Nachspeisung dadurch erschwert, dass die Schmelze schon teilweise während der Dosierung in der Vorfüllphase erstarrt. Außerdem ist der Fließweg der Schmelze im Gießsystem relativ lang, so dass die Schmelze relativ viel Wärme entlang ihres Fließweges abgibt. Die Anschnitte sind in der Regel dünnwandig im Verhältnis zur Wanddicke der Gussteile, was dazu führt, dass die Schmelze in manchen Bereichen des Gussteiles noch flüssig ist, während sie im Anschnittbereich schon teilweise bis vollständig erstarrt ist, was ein weiteres Nachspeisen nicht mehr ermöglicht oder jedenfalls erschwert. Die Bildung einer erstarrten Randschale in der Gießkammer nach der Dosierung hat zur Folge, dass ein Teil der Schmelze weder für die Formfüllung, noch für die Nachspeisung des schwindungsbedingten Anteils im Formhohlraum zur Verfügung steht. Das Herausdrücken von Restschmelze aus dem Gießrestbereich zur Nachspeisung erfordert einen hohen Nachdruck. Die hohen Drücke am Ende der Formfüllphase und in der Nachdruckphase bedingen hohe Zuhaltekräfte der Form, die über die Schließeinheit der Gießmaschine aufgebracht werden müssen. Hohe Gießkräfte können zu elastischen Verformungen bzw. Durchbiegungen der Gießform und unter Umständen zu einem Aufbauchen um den Formhohlraum herum führen, was Gratbildung um den Abguss in der Teilungsebene sowie in den Bereichen von Schiebern und Schieberführungen verursachen kann.In conventional cold chamber casting machines, the make-up is made more difficult by the fact that the melt already partially solidifies during the metering in the prefilling phase. In addition, the flow path of the melt in the casting system is relatively long, so that the melt releases relatively much heat along its flow path. The gates are usually thin-walled in relation to the wall thickness of the castings, which means that the melt in some areas of the casting is still liquid, while it is already partially solidified in the gate area, which makes a further desserts no longer possible or anyway difficult. The formation of a solidified edge shell in the casting chamber after metering has the consequence that a part of the melt is available neither for the mold filling, nor for the Nachspeisung the shrinkage-related portion in the mold cavity. The pushing out of residual melt from the Gießrestbereich for make-up requires a high emphasis. The high pressures at the end of the mold filling phase and in the holding pressure phase require high clamping forces of the mold, which are applied via the closing unit of the casting machine Need to become. High casting forces can result in elastic deformation of the mold and possibly bulging around the mold cavity, which can cause burring around the casting in the parting plane as well as in the areas of gate valves and gate guides.
Die hohen Drücke erfordern eine relativ große Dicke der festen Aufspannplatte und folglich eine entsprechend lange Gießkammer, was wiederum den Füllgrad in der Gießkammer auf typischerweise 15% bis höchstens etwa 70% begrenzt, mit entsprechend großem Luftvolumen in der Gießkammer. Die herkömmliche Orientierung der Gießeinheit relativ zur Schließeinheit bedingt relativ lange Fließwege der Schmelze in der Gießkammer und im Gießsystem und häufig ein Kröpfen des Gießsystems/Ambos. Das Anwenden hoher Drücke kann zudem zu einer elastischen Verformung von erstarrtem Gießrest und Gießkammer im Gießrestbereich und dadurch zum Klemmen des Gießrestes in der Gießkammer führen, so dass unter Umständen hohe Öffnungskräfte benötigt werden, um den Gießrest aus der Gießkammer herauszureißen. Dies kann zu einem hohen und/oder vorzeitigen Verschleiß von Gießkammer und Gießkolben führen. Das Klemmen des Gießrestes in der Gießkammer hat zudem häufig die Anwendung eines Überschusses an Kolbenschmierstoff zur Folge, was zu Einschlüssen im Gussteil führen kann.The high pressures require a relatively large thickness of the fixed platen and consequently a correspondingly long casting chamber, which in turn limits the filling level in the casting chamber to typically 15% to at most about 70%, with a correspondingly large volume of air in the casting chamber. The conventional orientation of the casting unit relative to the closing unit requires relatively long flow paths of the melt in the casting chamber and in the casting system and often crimping of the casting system / anvil. The application of high pressures may also result in elastic deformation of solidified casting residue and casting chamber in the casting residue region and thereby jamming of the casting residue in the casting chamber, so that high opening forces may be needed to rip the casting residue from the casting chamber. This can lead to high and / or premature wear of casting chamber and casting piston. The clamping of the casting residue in the casting chamber also often results in the application of an excess of piston lubricant result, which can lead to inclusions in the casting.
Bei horizontal angeordneten Gießkammern werden diese beim Füllen durch die heiße Schmelze im unteren Bereich stärker als im oberen Bereich erhitzt, so dass durch die thermische Belastung eine Verformung der Gießkammer auftreten kann, die Reibvorgänge zwischen der Gießkammer und dem Gießkolben verursachen kann, der dem Verlauf der Gießkammer in der Vorfüllphase und der Formfüllphase folgen muss. Die herkömmliche Orientierung der Gießkammer relativ zur Form bzw. zum Lauf bedingt eine senkrechte Umlenkung der Schmelze beim Übergang von der Gießkammer in die Form bzw. den Lauf in der Teilungsebene, was strömungsmechanisch und thermisch problematisch ist. Jede Umlenkung der Schmelze führt zu Turbulenzen bei der Formfüllung, zu einem höheren Energiebedarf im Gießantrieb und zur Gefahr von merklichen Lufteinschlüssen und Erosionen im Bereich der Gießgarnitur und der Gießform.In the case of horizontally arranged casting chambers, they are heated more strongly than in the upper region during filling by the hot melt in the lower region, so that deformation of the casting chamber can occur due to the thermal stress, which can cause rubbing processes between the casting chamber and the casting piston, which influence the course of the casting Must follow pouring chamber in the pre-filling phase and the mold filling phase. The conventional orientation of the casting chamber relative to the mold or to the run requires a vertical deflection of the melt during the transition from the casting chamber into the mold or the run in the parting plane, which is fluidically and thermally problematic. Any deflection of the melt leads to turbulence in the mold filling, a higher energy demand in the casting drive and the risk of significant air bubbles and erosion in the casting and the casting mold.
Konstruktionsbedingt erfordert bei den herkömmlichen Gießmaschinen die Montage der Form zwischen fester und beweglicher Aufspannplatte häufig ein Herausziehen der Säulen mit der beweglichen Aufspannplatte, was zeit- und kostenaufwendig ist.Due to the design requires in the conventional casting machines, the mounting of the mold between fixed and movable platen often pulling out the columns with the movable platen, which is time consuming and expensive.
Bei einem weiteren herkömmlichen Typ von Gießmaschinen ist die Gießeinheit darauf ausgelegt, die Schmelze in ihrer Gießkammer vertikal von unten zur Form zu fördern und damit auch im wesentlichen senkrecht zur allgemein horizontalen Bewegungsrichtung der Formschließeinheit. Um die Gießeinheit von oben mit Schmelze beschicken zu können, ist sie mit ihrer Gießkammer im allgemeinen um eine horizontale Achse schwenkbar angeordnet, d.h. sie kann mit ihrer Gießkammer zum Befüllen in eine zur Vertikalen geneigte Position verschwenkt werden. Derartige Gießmaschinen sind beispielsweise in den Offenlegungsschriften
Bei diesem herkömmlichen Gießmaschinentyp mit Fördern der Schmelze von unten in die Form ist ein Maschinenaufbau mit vergleichsweise großer Höhe erforderlich, um die Gießeinheit unter dem Bereich der Form unterzubringen, und das Verschwenken oder horizontale Verschieben der Gießeinheit zum Beschicken mit Schmelze begrenzt die Zykluszeit des Gießprozesses. Zudem ist das Problem einer vorzeitigen Erstarrung der Schmelze bei diesem Maschinentyp gravierender als beim Maschinentyp mit horizontalem Fördern der Schmelze in die Form.In this conventional type of casting machine, with the melt conveyed from below into the mold, a relatively tall machine assembly is required to accommodate the casting unit below the area of the mold, and pivoting or horizontal shifting of the casting unit for charging with melt limits the cycle time of the casting process. In addition, there is the problem of premature solidification of the melt in this type of machine more serious than the machine type with horizontal conveying of the melt into the mold.
Der Erfindung liegt als technisches Problem die Bereitstellung einer Gießmaschine der eingangs genannten Art zugrunde, mit der sich die oben genannten Schwierigkeiten herkömmlicher Gießmaschinen ganz oder teilweise vermeiden lassen.The invention is based on the technical problem of providing a casting machine of the type mentioned, with which the above-mentioned difficulties conventional casting machines can be avoided in whole or in part.
Die Erfindung löst dieses Problem durch die Bereitstellung einer Gießmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1.The invention solves this problem by providing a casting machine having the features of claim 1.
Bei der Gießmaschine nach Anspruch 1 ist eine jeweilige Gießeinheit darauf ausgelegt, Schmelze in ihrer Gießkammer mit einer zur Bewegungsrichtung der Formschließeinheit senkrechten, horizontalen Förderrichtungskomponente zu fördern. Diese Auslegung der Gießeinheit hat gegenüber der herkömmlichen Auslegung mit zur Bewegungsrichtung der Formschließeinheit paralleler Förderrichtung der Schmelze zahlreiche Vorteile. So kann eine senkrechte Umlenkung der Schmelze im Gießsystem bis zum Anschnitt vermieden werden. Die Gießkammer kann in der Teilungsebene oder jedenfalls parallel zu dieser orientiert sein. Es lässt sich eine bei gegebenem Gießvolumen relativ geringe Länge der Gießkammer und ein relativ hoher Füllgrad derselben erzielen. Zum Nachspeisen des schwindungsbedingten Anteils der Schmelze über das Gießsystem in den Formhohlraum genügt ein relativ geringer Nachdruck. Die Gießkammer kann seitlich oder jedenfalls mit zur Teilungsebene paralleler Komponente zum Formhohlraum führen und braucht nicht axial durch die feste Aufspannplatte hindurch geführt werden.In the casting machine according to claim 1, a respective casting unit is adapted to convey melt in its casting chamber with a horizontal conveying direction component perpendicular to the direction of movement of the mold closing unit. This design of the casting unit has many advantages over the conventional design with the direction of movement of the mold closing unit parallel conveying direction of the melt. Thus, a vertical deflection of the melt in the casting system to the gate can be avoided. The casting chamber may be oriented in the division plane or at least parallel to it. It is possible for a given casting volume relatively small length of the casting chamber and a relatively high degree of filling of the same. For desserts of the shrinkage-related portion of the melt on the casting system in the mold cavity is sufficient, a relatively low emphasis. The casting chamber may laterally or at least with parallel to the parting plane component lead to the mold cavity and does not need to be passed axially through the fixed platen.
Die Gießmaschine kann nach Bedarf nur eine einzige Gießeinheit oder, gemäß Anspruch 2, mehrere Gießeinheiten mit je einer zugehörigen Gießkammer umfassen, um Schmelze an mehreren Stellen gleichzeitig in die Form einspeisen zu können. So können Teile mit größerem Volumen oder größerer Sprengfläche, d.h. Oberfläche, mit gleichbleibend kurzen Formfüllzeiten gegossen werden.As required, the casting machine can comprise only one casting unit or, according to
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Gießkammer gemäß Anspruch 3 in ihrer Höhe und/oder ihrer Neigung verstellbar. Dies ermöglicht in vorteilhafter Weise eine Anpassung an den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall bzw. an die jeweils montierte Form.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the casting chamber according to claim 3 in height and / or its inclination is adjustable. This advantageously allows adaptation to the particular application or to the respective mounted mold.
In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung nach Anspruch 4 ist die Gießkammer mehrteilig ausgebildet. Speziell ist in einer Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 5 eine dreiteilige Gießkammer vorgesehen, die innerhalb der Gießform zwei Halbschalen beinhaltet, an die sich nach außen ein Ring anschließt. Von den beiden Halbschalen ist eine der festen Formhälfte, die andere der beweglichen Formhälfte zugeordnet.In a development of the invention according to claim 4, the casting chamber is designed in several parts. Specifically, a three-part casting chamber is provided in an embodiment according to
In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung nach Anspruch 6 ist die Gießkammer gegenüber den beiden Formhälften thermisch isoliert. In Verbindung mit der Maßnahme nach Anspruch 5 kann dies z.B. durch eine thermische Isolierung der beiden Gießkammer-Halbschalen gegenüber der jeweils zugewandten Formhälfte realisiert sein.In a development of the invention according to
In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung nach Anspruch 7 wird ein weitestgehendes Verschließen der Gießkammer gegenüber dem Gießsystem nach dem Schließen der Form bis zum Start der Formfüllphase ermöglicht. Zur Entlüftung durch Evakuieren des Formhohlraums kann der Lauf bei Bedarf teilweise offen bleiben. Beim Einleiten der Formfüllphase wird dann nach Einfüllen der Schmelze in die Gießkammer das Gießsystem geöffnet.In a development of the invention according to
In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung dient gemäß Anspruch 8 eine gemeinsame Platte als feste Formhälfte und feste Aufspannplatte. Diese Konzeption ermöglicht ein vergleichsweise rasches Auf- und Abmustern der Formen.In a further development of the invention serves according to
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden nachfolgend beschrieben. Hierbei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Kaltkammer-Gießmaschine mit in die feste Aufspannplatte integrierter fester Formhälfte und seitlich angeordneter und zuführender Gießeinheit,
- Fig. 2
- eine detailliertere, schematische Schnittansicht längs einer Formteilungsebene der Gießmaschine von
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 3
- eine detailliertere, schematische Seitenansicht der festen Formhälfte mit Kernzugmitteln und im Längsschnitt gezeigter Gießkammer für die Gießmaschine von
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 4
- eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Gießkammer der Gießmaschine von
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 5
- eine horizontale Schnittansicht der Gießkammer mit umgebendem Gießformbereich,
- Fig. 6
- eine vertikale Schnittansicht der Gießkammer mit umgebendem Gießformbereich und
- Fig. 7
- eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Variante der KaltkammerGießmaschine von
Fig. 1 mit zwei Gießeinheiten.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic plan view of a cold chamber casting machine with integral in the fixed platen solid mold half and laterally arranged and feeding casting unit,
- Fig. 2
- a more detailed, schematic sectional view taken along a parting plane of the casting machine of
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 3
- a more detailed, schematic side view of the fixed mold half with Kernzugmitteln and shown in longitudinal section casting chamber for the casting machine of
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 4
- a schematic plan view of the casting chamber of the casting machine of
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 5
- a horizontal sectional view of the casting chamber with surrounding casting area,
- Fig. 6
- a vertical sectional view of the casting chamber with surrounding mold area and
- Fig. 7
- a schematic plan view of a variant of the cold chamber casting machine of
Fig. 1 with two casting units.
Die in
Eine vordere Abschlussplatte 8 ist fest an einem in
Die Gießeinheit 2 beinhaltet einen üblichen Warmhalteofen 10 und eine ringkanalförmige Gießkammer 11, in die vom Warmhalteofen 10 temperierte Schmelze eindosiert und mittels eines Gießkolbens in Gießkammerlängsrichtung 12 zum Formhohlraum in der Gießform gefördert werden kann. Die Gießkammer 11 erstreckt sich, wie zu erkennen, mit ihrer Längsrichtung 12 parallel zur Teilungsebene, d.h. zur Trennebene von fester und beweglicher Formhälfte 8, 9.The
In einer vorteilhaften Realisierung, wie sie in den Detailansichten der
Wie in der Detailansicht von
Die
Bei Bedarf ist, wie im Ausführungsbeispiel von
Wie des weiteren in
Außer der gezeigten horizontalen Anordnung der Gießkammer 11 ist auch eine Anordnung mit vertikaler Längsrichtungskomponente der Gießkammer und damit vertikaler Förderrichtungskomponente möglich. Des weiteren ist in vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Gießkammer in ihrer horizontalen Höhe und/oder in ihrer Neigung gegenüber der Horizontalen verstellbar angeordnet ist. Es versteht sich, dass der Gießprozess bei Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Gießmaschine in den gewohnten drei Phasen, d.h. Vorfüllphase, Formfüllphase und Nachdruckphase, abläuft, um Gussteile z.B. aus Al- und Mg-Legierungen im Kaltkammergießverfahren oder auch aus anderen Materialien und/oder mit einem anderen Gießverfahren herzustellen.Apart from the illustrated horizontal arrangement of the casting
Während im Ausführungsbeispiel von
Wie aus
Der Aufbau und die Positionierung jeder der beiden Gießkammern 11a, 11f entsprechen den hierzu oben anhand der einzelnen Gießkammer 11 der Gießmaschine von
Die beiden Gießeinheiten 2a, 2b führen mit ihren Gießkammern 11e, 11f, wie aus
Die beiden Maßnahmen, die feste Aufspannplatte gleichzeitig als feste Formhälfte auszubilden und die jeweilige Gießkammer so auszulegen, dass die betreffende Gießeinheit Schmelze mit einer zur Bewegungsrichtung der Formschließeinheit senkrechten Förderrichtung fördert, haben je für sich und in Kombination beträchtliche Vorteile. Diese Vorteile werden ganz oder teilweise auch in alternativen Ausführungsformen erzielt, bei denen nur eine der beiden Maßnahmen realisiert ist oder die Förderrichtung einer jeweiligen Gießkammer nicht genau senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung der Formschließeinheit ist, sondern davon abweichend einen spitzen oder stumpfen Winkel mit der Bewegungsrichtung, d.h. der axialen Hubrichtung, der Formschließeinheit einschließt. Dabei hat die Förderrichtung der Gießkammer jeweils ihre Hauptkomponente bevorzugt in der Ebene senkrecht zur Hubrichtung der Fördereinheit. Einige dieser Vorteile seien im folgenden nochmals explizit genannt.The two measures to form the fixed platen simultaneously as a solid mold half and the respective casting chamber designed so that the pouring unit in question promotes melt with a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the mold clamping unit conveying direction, each have in themselves and in combination considerable advantages. These advantages are achieved in whole or in part also in alternative embodiments, in which only one of the two measures is realized or the conveying direction of a respective casting chamber is not exactly perpendicular to the direction of movement of the mold clamping unit, but deviating from an acute or obtuse angle with the direction of movement, i. the axial stroke direction, the mold closing unit includes. In this case, the conveying direction of the casting chamber in each case has its main component preferably in the plane perpendicular to the stroke direction of the conveying unit. Some of these advantages are again explicitly mentioned below.
Die Formkonzeption mit der gleichzeitig als feste Formhälfte fungierenden festen Aufspannplatte erlaubt ein schnelles Auf- und Abmustern der verwendeten Formen, wozu auch die seitliche Anordnung der Gießeinheit beiträgt. So kann z.B. die feste Formhälfte 8 relativ einfach ohne Behinderung durch die Gießeinheit an der vorderen Maschinenstirnseite getauscht werden. Eine senkrechte Umlenkung der Schmelze im Gießsystem bis zum Anschnitt in der Teilungsebene kann vermieden werden, wozu beiträgt, dass die Gießkammer parallel oder mit paralleler Komponente bezüglich der Teilungsebene verläuft, gegebenenfalls mit veränderlicher Einstellhöhe. Die Gießkammer kann im Bereich der Gießform aus Halbschalen aufgebaut sein, von denen je eine einer der beiden Formhälften zugeordnet ist, so dass sie in seitlichen halbzylindrischen Ausnehmungen der Formhälften aufgenommen werden können.The shape design with the same time acting as a solid mold half fixed platen allows fast up and Abmustern the forms used, including the lateral arrangement of the casting unit contributes. For example, the
Es reichen vergleichsweise geringe Schließ- und Gießkräfte aus, wodurch sich Verformungen der Gießform und der Aufspannplatten vermeiden lassen. Durch die nicht-axiale Orientierung der Gießkammer braucht letztere nicht axial durch die gesamte Dicke der festen Formhälfte bzw. der festen Aufspannplatte hindurchgeführt werden. Vielmehr wird eine seitliche Schmelzenzufuhr parallel zur Teilungsebene ermöglicht, wodurch sich eine geringe Länge der Gießkammer und ein hoher Füllgrad derselben erzielen lassen. Dementsprechend reicht ein relativ geringer Nachdruck zum Nachspeisen des schwindungsbedingten Anteils der Schmelze über das Gießsystem in den Formhohlraum aus. Die Gießkammer kann bei Bedarf problemlos gegenüber der Gießform thermisch isoliert werden. Die Schmelze kann über ein Steigrohr nach Schließen bzw. Verriegeln der Gießform oder alternativ über eine Einfüllöffnung von oben mittels einer Dosiereinrichtung zugeführt werden. Mit einem Kernzug auf der festen Formhälfte kann der Lauf senkrecht zur Teilungsebene während der Dosierung der Schmelze in der Gießkammer zum größten Teil verschlossen werden.It is comparatively low closing and casting forces, which can avoid deformations of the mold and the clamping plates. Due to the non-axial orientation of the casting chamber, the latter need not be passed axially through the entire thickness of the fixed mold half or the fixed clamping plate. Rather, a lateral supply of melt is made possible parallel to the parting plane, whereby a small length of the casting chamber and a high degree of filling can achieve the same. Accordingly, a relatively low holding pressure for dewatering the shrinkage-related portion of the melt via the casting system into the mold cavity is sufficient. If necessary, the casting chamber can be easily thermally insulated from the casting mold. The melt can be supplied via a riser after closing or locking the mold or alternatively via a filling opening from above by means of a metering device. With a core pull on the fixed mold half, the run perpendicular to the parting plane during the metering of the melt in the casting chamber can be largely closed.
Claims (8)
- Casting machine for the manufacture of cast parts, in particular cold chamber casting machine, comprising- a mould closing unit (1) and at least one casting unit (2) with associated casting chamber (11),characterised in that- the casting chamber (11) is arranged with a horizontal longitudinal direction component (12) at right angles to the movement direction of the mould closing unit (1).
- Casting machine according to Claim 1, further characterised in that at least two casting units (2a, 2b) are provided whose casting chambers (11e, 11f) are arranged with longitudinal direction components (12a, 12b) at right angles to the movement direction of the mould closing unit (1).
- Casting machine according to Claim 1 or 2, further characterised in that the or at least one of the casting chamber(s) (11) can be adjusted in height and/or horizontal inclination.
- Casting machine according to any of Claims 1 to 3, further characterised in that the or at least one of the casting chamber(s) (11) is designed as a plurality of parts.
- Casting machine according to Claim 4, further characterised in that the or at least one of the casting chamber(s) is designed in three parts with an outer casting chamber ring (11a) and two axially adjoining casting chamber half shells (11b, 11c).
- Casting machine according to any of Claims 1 to 5, further characterised by a thermal insulation (19) between the or one of the casting chamber(s) (11) and the fixed and/or movable mould half (8, 9).
- Casting machine according to any of Claims 1 to 6, further characterised by a closing means (20) for complete or substantial closure of the or at least one of the casting chamber(s) opposite the casting system after closure of the mould until the start of a mould filling phase.
- Casting machine according to any of Claims 1 to 7, further characterised in that the mould closing unit (1) comprises a movable clamping plate (3) for a movable mould half (9) and a fixed clamping plate (8) for a fixed mould half whereby a common plate (8) functions as fixed clamping plate and fixed mould half.
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PCT/EP2005/000300 WO2005080024A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 | 2005-01-14 | Casting machine for producing cast parts |
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DE19802342C1 (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-03-04 | Gustav Ohnsmann | Apparatus for supplying horizontal and vertical cold chamber diecasting machines with metal |
EP1046444B1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2002-03-06 | Ritter Aluminium Giesserei Gmbh | Pressure diecasting method |
JP4597349B2 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2010-12-15 | 東芝機械株式会社 | Die casting machine and control method of die casting machine |
-
2004
- 2004-02-12 DE DE102004008157A patent/DE102004008157A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-01-14 DE DE502005003646T patent/DE502005003646D1/de active Active
- 2005-01-14 WO PCT/EP2005/000300 patent/WO2005080024A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-01-14 EP EP05706884A patent/EP1713602B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-01-14 AT AT05706884T patent/ATE391567T1/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1713602A1 (en) | 2006-10-25 |
WO2005080024A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
ATE391567T1 (en) | 2008-04-15 |
DE502005003646D1 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
DE102004008157A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
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