EP1711320B1 - Method for compacting a surface of a piece of wood and device therefor - Google Patents

Method for compacting a surface of a piece of wood and device therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1711320B1
EP1711320B1 EP05706178A EP05706178A EP1711320B1 EP 1711320 B1 EP1711320 B1 EP 1711320B1 EP 05706178 A EP05706178 A EP 05706178A EP 05706178 A EP05706178 A EP 05706178A EP 1711320 B1 EP1711320 B1 EP 1711320B1
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Prior art keywords
workpiece
wood
wooden
workpieces
compaction
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EP05706178A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1711320A1 (en
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Dirk Harms
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/02—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by compressing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for compacting a wood workpiece or a wood-like workpiece, such as e.g. bamboo, reeds and other wood-based materials such as plywood, chipboard and / or wood-containing or resin-enriched paper, wherein the surface of the wood workpiece or wood-like workpiece is heated and then compacted.
  • a wood workpiece or a wood-like workpiece such as e.g. bamboo, reeds and other wood-based materials such as plywood, chipboard and / or wood-containing or resin-enriched paper
  • wood workpiece is to be understood in the context of the description of this invention and the claims not only to massive workpieces made of wood, such as. Spruce, fir, oak, limited.
  • the method described below and the associated device are equally applicable to all material-like wood-like materials, e.g. bamboo, reed and other wood-based materials such as plywood, chipboard and / or wood-containing or resin-enriched paper, applicable insofar as those constituents of the wood necessary for the preparation of the thermoplastic adhesive are present at least in the area subject to the process of the invention are.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus for performing the method, with which a compacted surface of a wood workpiece is produced, with a particularly high density of the surface can be achieved, without addition of foreign materials or chemical substances.
  • This object is achieved in a method of the type described above in that a rubbing relative movement on the surfaces of the wood workpiece or the wood-like workpiece while avoiding the access of oxygen to the formation of originating from the wood workpiece or the wood-like workpiece thermoplastic adhesive - caused by destruction of the Cell structure and at least partial liquefaction of one or more components of the cells of the wood workpiece or wood-like workpiece - is performed, after which the cells of the surface and cells of a volume area below the surface are compacted under cooling the same under pressure.
  • This method is characterized in that no foreign materials or chemical substances must be added before, during or after the process, but only the wood workpiece or the wood-like workpiece is specifically modified to in the subject of the described method areas of a wood workpiece or several wood workpieces to achieve an abrasion-resistant and shock-resistant and a compared to the untreated wood much harder surface.
  • the first group is that the transmission of forces between the wooden workpieces is accomplished by a force transmitting element which is adhered to the surfaces of the wooden workpieces to be joined, for example.
  • the material or positive connection thus produced is limited in practice to the contact surfaces of the wood workpieces. Those workpiece areas that are outside the contact area have no influence on the mechanical properties of the connection.
  • the second group of compounds is based on the fact that parts of the connecting element extend into the interior of the wood workpieces and that also those parts of the wood workpieces outside the contact surface significantly influence the mechanical properties of the compound produced. Compounds belonging to this group are generally more resilient.
  • the invention further has the object to provide a method and an apparatus for carrying out the method with which a connection of two wood workpieces or wood-like materials according to the second group described above is feasible, the addition of foreign materials or chemical substances can be avoided.
  • the adhesive is obtained from the wood workpieces or woodworking workpieces to be joined by targeted energy supply.
  • the strength of the compounds thus produced is significantly increased by the material properties of those parts in the joint area and located in the interior of the wood workpieces sections. It is thus a "Press-welded joint" of the two wood workpieces.
  • the DE-C-853 402 is concerned with a surface finishing by compaction with simultaneous or subsequent deformation by application of heat and pressure, wherein a pulsating pressure is exerted on a material inserted between mutually movable frame members, but without rubbing relative movement. As the material advances, the frame parts are moved apart and kept at a distance. A destruction of the cell structure does not take place, so that no thermoplastic adhesive is formed.
  • the invention described herein further sets itself the task of producing a compacted surface of a wood workpiece, in particular one which is particularly stable in terms of abrasion and impact resistance, as a counterpart workpiece with a higher melting and boiling temperature than the wood workpiece and with a smooth Surface with a low, adhesion-avoiding wetting angle, such as a metallic or mirrored surface, is used.
  • the natural material wood is characterized by its varying material properties within the workpiece, which, as with common types of woodworking, affect the process and the subsequent wood connection differently.
  • the method presented here also has the object, the method of compacting discussed here, and the devices for this purpose to the varying Material properties of the natural material wood adapt.
  • Fig. 1 a section through a wooden workpiece across the grain in the uncompressed and Fig. 2 shows in the invention compacted state.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the inventive method in diagram form.
  • the 4 and 5 show computed tomography images of compacted surfaces of wooden workpieces.
  • the Fig. 6 to 11 illustrate schematic representations of devices for carrying out the inventive method.
  • thermoplastic adhesive 3 which is formed by the wood workpiece 1 itself, has penetrated between the compressed cells 2.
  • a collection of thermoplastic adhesive 3 can be seen, as they are For example, when producing a weld according to the invention forms with a second wood workpiece.
  • the apparatus has a workpiece holder 4 for two superimposed wooden workpieces 1, 1 ', a station 5 for conditioning the two superimposed wooden workpieces 1, 1', further in the conveying direction 6 of the wood workpieces 1, 1 'a station with an energy input device 7, below a station with a compression device 8, which is coupled to a further station, which is designed as a cooling device 9, on.
  • a conveyor 10 is formed by two conveyor belts 11, 12 are provided, the conveyor belts 13 are arranged opposite each other, that the two wood workpieces 1, 1' abut the opposing Trumen 14 of the conveyor belts 13.
  • the individual stations, as described above, are located between the reciprocating runs of a conveyor belt 13, respectively.
  • the wood workpieces 1,1 is possibly a jig, a holder by means of vacuum and / or a surface with high roughness, proceed, so that the energy input into the contact surface 17 or joint 18 in the form of vibrations in any, preferably 0 ° or 90 ° angle is guaranteed.
  • the gap 15 between the two Trumen 14 of the conveyor belts 13 tapered, ie the two running in the same direction and opposing Trume 14 of the conveyor belts 13 are not exactly parallel each other but aligned to form a wedge-shaped gap 15 against each other.
  • the device shown is the upper of the two conveyor belt systems 12 of two arranged in the direction of succession and drivable in the same direction conveyor belts 13 and 16 are formed, between which the Energyeinbring tooth 7, which is brought in this case in direct contact with the surface 17 of a wood workpiece 1, provided ,
  • This type of device serves to densify the surface 17 of a single wood workpiece 1 in order to form a particularly wear-resistant and impact-resistant surface on this wood workpiece 1.
  • the wood workpieces 1 and 1 ' are heated by a targeted supply of energy to the surfaces subject to the method and / or in areas of the wood workpiece 1, 1' by applying a mechanical pressure by the introduction of energy.
  • a relative movement preferably in the form of a linear circular movement (direction of movement parallel to the joint 18 of the wood workpieces 1, 1') or ultrasonic vibration (direction of movement in any, preferably rectangular, angle to Connecting joint 18 of the wood workpieces 1, 1 ') introduced between wooden workpieces.
  • the relative movement of the wooden workpieces has to take place at a force directed at right angles to the joint, so that a continuous contact between the wood workpieces 1, 1 'is ensured.
  • thermoplastic adhesive 3 When using the method for compacting a surface of a single wood workpiece 1 with an in Fig. 7 1, a wood workpiece 1 is moved relative to a non-porous, for example metal counterpart workpiece 19, which has a higher melting and boiling temperature than the melting temperature of the components of the wood material, which components must be liquefied to form the thermoplastic adhesive 3.
  • the surface of the counter workpiece 19 must also have a high wetting angle, so that between the formed in the following process steps thermoplastic adhesive 3 and the counter workpiece 19 no frictional connection can arise:
  • a metal of type 1.43012R according to DIN EN 10088 has, for example, the requirements on; it is a "Teflon-like steel".
  • the introduction of the required energy by, for example, a linearly oscillating relative movement is likewise suitable for finishing surfaces 17 according to the invention in a continuous process, but also for joining two wooden workpieces 1, 1 '.
  • the progressive heating of the surface of a wood workpiece 1, 1 '(at least) in the area of relatively moving contact surfaces between two wood workpieces 1, 1' or between a wood workpiece 1 and a counter workpiece 19 has several effects.
  • the energy input causes material preparation and conditioning.
  • the material wood is conditioned at least in the areas relevant for the subsequent (partial) processes in such a way that the subsequent processes described below can take place.
  • the nature of the surface of the wood workpiece 1, 1 '(roughness, type of processing, etc.) and the physical state (temperature, humidity, etc.) before the treatment have no effect on the subsequent compression of the wood workpiece 1, 1'.
  • the inventive method does not exclude that such treatment and conditioning of the material can be created by the pretreatment in a conditioning and / or by process measures.
  • thermoplastic adhesive 3 Upon further heating of the wood material up to temperatures of about 400 ° C, there is a liquefaction of one or more components of the wood, such as lignin, ie it comes to the formation of a thermoplastic adhesive 3.
  • this thermoplastic adhesive 3 is the Preventing the ingress of oxygen to prevent combustion or charring of wood-based materials.
  • the air seal is ensured on the one hand by the perpendicular to the contact surface (joint 18 and surface 17) acting mechanical pressure, on the other hand by the wood material abrasion and caused by the energy supply wood material softening.
  • the heating of the wood material also leads to an opening of the wood cells. 2 connecting membranes 20, so that under low pressure, the thermoplastic adhesive 3 penetrate the contact surface and can be pressed into the Holzwerksroffinnere. (see. Fig. 2 ).
  • thermoplastic adhesive 3 can also take place in an anaerobic atmosphere to prevent combustion and / or charring of the wood material, for which purpose the device is provided with an enclosure 21 into which an anaerobic gas Feeding device 22 opens. (See the illustration in Fig. 8 ).
  • thermoplastic adhesive 3 thus formed consists largely of lignin and / or its chemical Modifkationen; the viscous, adhesive properties of the thermoplastic adhesive 3 thus obtained from the material wood is used for the inventive compaction of the porous material described below. Due to the constant destruction of the cell structure on the surface of the material to be compacted, lignin from volume regions which were located below the surface at the beginning of the process can also be used to produce the thermoplastic adhesive.
  • thermoplastic adhesive After sufficient formation of the thermoplastic adhesive and heating of the wood material, a further input of energy is prevented; the wood material is compacted according to the invention.
  • the softened cells 2 are compressed by a plastic deformation under high pressure. Because of the wood structure, and especially because of the sufficient softening of the cell structure caused by the progressive heating of the wood material, no or only unavoidable deformation of the wood workpiece 1 or 1 'into the energy input due to the compression of the cell cavities occurs during compaction by plastic compression 7 softened areas transverse to the direction of the applied force.
  • thermoplastic adhesive 3 a With the suppression of the energy input occurs a temperature balance between the heated parts of the wood workpieces 1, 1 'and the environment, thus curing of the thermoplastic adhesive 3 a.
  • the process of cooling can be accelerated by external measures.
  • thermoplastic adhesive takes place between two pieces of wood 1, 1 ', at least on the surfaces thereof, using the adhesive properties and simultaneous compaction of the wood workpieces 1, 1' according to the invention. Impregnation by means of the thermoplastic material and compression of the cells, to a cohesive bonding of the wood workpieces 1, 1 '.
  • thermoplastic adhesive 3 Due to the properties of the thermoplastic adhesive formed according to the process described, in addition to adhesion of the cells 2 of the wood workpiece 1.
  • the natural material wood is characterized by its within the wood workpiece 1, 1 'varying properties, which are recognizable, for example, on the basis of the early and late annual rings with the naked eye.
  • the weakest parts of the wood workpiece 1, 1 'affect its application such as in connection with other wood workpieces.
  • the quality control described below offers the possibility of the formation of the thermoplastic adhesive 3, the compaction by impregnation of the cells 2 by means of the adhesive 3 and a compression of the cells 2 to verify non-destructive.
  • thermoplastic adhesive 3 formed according to the invention and the compacted cell structure have a higher specific density compared to untreated wood.
  • the resulting altered physical properties of the modified areas of the wood make it possible to draw conclusions about, for example, the degree of compaction and / or the amount of the thermoplastic adhesive formed.
  • Conventional non-destructive quality control methods such as ultrasound and computed tomography, may be used to control the quality of the compaction produced during and / or after the process.
  • the 4 and 5 show computer tomography images of compacted surfaces of two wooden workpieces 1, 1 'welded together. On the one hand, the densified areas on the surfaces of the wooden workpieces are clearly visible due to the light color.
  • Fig. 5 includes the representation of the measuring points of the local density relative to the ambient air.
  • Line A marks the approximate course of the weld, i. the connecting joint 18;
  • Line B the annual ring situation (latewood).
  • the quality control described is in addition to a displacement measurement for controlling the process, in particular the parameters of the power supply and that of the compression of subjected to the process areas of the wood workpiece 1, 1 '.
  • a displacement measurement for controlling the process, in particular the parameters of the power supply and that of the compression of subjected to the process areas of the wood workpiece 1, 1 '.
  • the sequence of (partial) processes can be controlled and a statement made about the properties of the substance-free compaction that has taken place.
  • the physical properties of the compacted wood workpieces 1, 1 ' are clearly dependent on the amount of thermoplastic adhesive 3 formed and the extent and dimensional stability of the densification of the wood structure.
  • Fig. 3 shows the essential steps of the method according to the invention in diagram form, wherein the change in thickness of a wood workpiece 1 over time is shown.
  • the reduction of the thickness is plotted on the ordinate; the abscissa serves as the time axis.
  • the negative part of the time axis is characterized by the energy supply, the positive area by the suppression of the further energy supply.
  • the below discussed subdivision of the total process or approximation of the in Fig. 3 represented graphs in subprocesses based on the subjective perception during the process and the change of in Fig. 3 represented graphs.
  • the transition between sub-processes of the method according to the invention is generally carried out fluently, wherein the sub-processes are designated below by I to V.
  • the introduction takes place, the conditioning of a first II of the wooden workpieces 1, then the formation III of the thermoplastic adhesive 3 due.
  • the sub-process II is characterized by a (timely) slow, the latter sub-process III by a rapid loss of material.
  • a compression IV is performed as described above. Then it comes - due to a cooling - to a curing V of compression.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a surface treatment of a large-sized wood workpiece 1, wherein the surface 17 is compacted.
  • the serving device is installed with their stations in a housing 21, which is connected to a gas supply device 22.
  • a gas supply device 22 Preferably, anaerobic gas is supplied.
  • Fig. 9 shows a device without housing, with the successively smaller pieces of wood 1 in the continuous process according to the invention can be treated, ie can be provided with a compacted surface 17.
  • a variant is shown, according to the three wood workpieces 1, 1 ', 1 "can be welded together, first a first conveyor belt 13 two superposed wooden workpieces 1, 1' welded together and subsequently a third wood workpiece 1" on the two previously welded wood workpieces. 1 , 1 'is applied and by means of another device, which also has a conveyor belt 16 as a conveyor, with the previously welded two wooden workpieces 1, 1' is welded.
  • the energy input device 7 is accommodated in this case in each case in a deflection roller 23 for the conveyor belt 13 or 16, so that no direct contact of the energy input device 7 with the wood workpiece 1, 1 'is given here. The energy is thus transmitted via the conveyor belt 13 or 16 to the wood workpieces 1, 1 ', 1 ".
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawing, but can be modified in various ways.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Abstract

A method for compacting a surface of a wooden workpiece (1), wherein the addition of a foreign material is to be avoided, is characterized in that the surface (17) of the wooden workpiece (1)—while preventing the entry of oxygen—is heated in at least partial areas by supplying energy to the surface (17) and under pressure until a thermoplastic adhesive substance (3) coming from the wooden workpiece (1) is formed, whereupon the surface (17) and a volume area beneath the surface (17) are compacted under application of pressure while being cooled.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verdichten eines Holzwerkstückes oder eines holzähnlichen Werkstückes, wie z.B. Bambus, Schilf und anderer auf Holz basierender Werkstoffe, wie Sperrholz, Spanplatte und/oder holzhaltiges oder mit Harzen angereichertes Papier, wobei die Oberfläche des Holzwerkstückes oder des holzähnlichen Werkstückes erwärmt und anschließend verdichtet wird.The invention relates to a method for compacting a wood workpiece or a wood-like workpiece, such as e.g. Bamboo, reeds and other wood-based materials such as plywood, chipboard and / or wood-containing or resin-enriched paper, wherein the surface of the wood workpiece or wood-like workpiece is heated and then compacted.

Der Begriff des Holzwerkstückes sei im Rahmen der Beschreibung dieser Erfindung und der Patentansprüche nicht nur auf massive Werkstücke, welche aus Holz, wie z.B. Fichte, Tanne, Eiche hergestellt werden, begrenzt. Das im folgenden beschriebene Verfahren und die zugehörige Vorrichtung sind in gleicher Weise auf alle in materialtechnischer Hinsicht holzähnliche Materialien, wie z.B. Bambus, Schilf und andere auf Holz basierende Werkstoffe, wie Sperrholz, Spanplatte und/oder holzhaltiges oder mit Harzen angereichertes Papier, anwendbar, insofern jene Bestandteile des Holzes, welche zur Herstellung der thermoplastischen Klebemasse nötig sind, zumindest in dem dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren unterworfenen Bereich vorhanden sind.The term wood workpiece is to be understood in the context of the description of this invention and the claims not only to massive workpieces made of wood, such as. Spruce, fir, oak, limited. The method described below and the associated device are equally applicable to all material-like wood-like materials, e.g. Bamboo, reed and other wood-based materials such as plywood, chipboard and / or wood-containing or resin-enriched paper, applicable insofar as those constituents of the wood necessary for the preparation of the thermoplastic adhesive are present at least in the area subject to the process of the invention are.

Verfahren, die eine Verdichtung von porösen Werkstoffen beinhalten, ermöglichen eine Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften dieser porösen Werkstoffe. Eine solche Verdichtung ist im allgemeinen gekennzeichnet durch eine Anhebung der spezifischen Dichte; dies geschieht bei porösen Werkstoffen, wie beispielsweise Holz, nach heutigem Stand der Technik durch erstens eine Kompression der Zellen und/oder zweitens eine Imprägnierung der von den Zellwänden eingeschlossenen Hohlräumen.

  1. 1. Durch eine Komprimierung der Holzzellen wird der von den Zellwänden eingeschlossene Hohlraum verringert. Wie in " KOLLMANN Franz, COTE Wilfried A.: Principals of Wood Science and Technology, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1968 " und " Parviz NAVI, Fred GIRARDET: Effects of Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Wood, Holzforschung 54 (2000) p. 287-293 (Offprint) Verlag Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York " beschrieben, erfolgt nach vorheriger Reduktion des Elastizitätmoduls eine solche Deformation der Holzzellen in Richtung der geringeren Knicklänge und geringeren Steifigkeit der Holzzellenwand, d.h. in der Hauptsache in der Querschnittsebene eines Stammes, also senkrecht zur Faserrichtung. Dadurch kommt es zu keiner Schädigung der Holzstruktur (vgl. DE 601 162 A ; Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von Holz).
  2. 2. Die Dichte eines porösen Werkstoffes kann durch das Imprägnieren des Werkstückes, d.h. das Ausfüllen der Zellenhohlräume des Holzes mit einem geeigneten Stoff erhöht werden. In Abhängigkeit der gewünschten Imprägnierungstiefe und der Porosität einer solchen Imprägnierung muss eine geeignete Imprägnierungsmasse gewählt beziehungsweise müssen äußere Umstände, wie beispielsweise Druck oder Temperatur geschaffen werden (vgl. " Franz F.P. KOLLMANN, Wilfried A. COTE Jr., Principals of Wood Science and Technology, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1968 " und DE 636 413 ; Verfahren zum Herstellen von verdichteten Holzwerkstoffen).
Processes involving densification of porous materials enable improvement of the mechanical properties of these porous materials. Such compaction is generally characterized by an increase in specific gravity; This is done in porous materials, such as wood, according to the current state of the art by firstly a compression of the cells and / or secondly an impregnation of the trapped by the cell walls cavities.
  1. 1. By compressing the wood cells, the cavity enclosed by the cell walls is reduced. As in " KOLLMANN Franz, COTE Wilfried A .: Principals of Wood Science and Technology, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1968 " and " Parviz NAVI, Fred GIRARDET: Effects of Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Wood, Wood Research 54 (2000) p. 287-293 (Offprint) Publisher Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York "described after prior reduction of the modulus of elasticity such a deformation of the wood cells in the direction of lower buckling length and lower rigidity of the wood cell wall, ie mainly in the cross-sectional plane of a trunk, ie perpendicular to the grain direction , DE 601 162 A ; Method and device for compacting wood).
  2. 2. The density of a porous material can be increased by impregnating the workpiece, ie filling the cell cavities of the wood with a suitable material. Depending on the desired impregnation depth and the porosity of such an impregnation, a suitable impregnation mass must be selected or external circumstances, such as pressure or temperature, must be created (cf. Franz FP KOLLMANN, Wilfried A. COTE Jr., Principals of Wood Science and Technology, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1968 " and DE 636 413 ; Method for producing compressed wood materials).

Aus der US 6,047,751 A ist es bekannt, ein Holzwerkstück mittels Ultraschall zu erhitzen und sodann zu komprimieren, wodurch das Volumen des Holzwerkstückes insgesamt verringert und das Holz entwässert und verfestigt wird. Hierbei kommt es zu keiner Zerstörung der Zellen des Holzes.From the US 6,047,751 A It is known to heat a wood workpiece by means of ultrasound and then to compress, thereby reducing the volume of the wood workpiece as a whole and the wood is dewatered and solidified. This does not destroy the cells of the wood.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zu schaffen, mit welchen eine verdichtete Oberfläche eines Holzwerkstückes herstellbar ist, wobei eine besonders hohe Dichtheit der Oberfläche erzielbar ist, und zwar ohne Hinzufügung von fremdartigen Materialien oder chemischen Substanzen.The invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus for performing the method, with which a compacted surface of a wood workpiece is produced, with a particularly high density of the surface can be achieved, without addition of foreign materials or chemical substances.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art dadurch gelöst, dass eine reibende Relativbewegung an der Oberflächen des Holzwerkstückes oder des holzähnlichen Werkstückes unter Vermeidung des Sauerstoffzutrittes bis zur Bildung von von dem Holzwerkstück oder dem holzähnlichen Werkstück stammender thermoplastischer Klebemasse - bewirkt durch eine Zerstörung der Zellstruktur und eine zumindest teilweise Verflüssigung eines oder mehrerer Bestandteile der Zellen des Holzwerkstückes oder holzähnlichen Werkstückes - durchgeführt wird, worauf die Zellen der Oberfläche und Zellen eines Volumsbereiches unter der Oberfläche unter Abkühlung derselben unter Druckausübung verdichtet werden. Dieses Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass keine fremdartigen Materialien oder chemische Substanzen vor, während oder nach dem Prozess hinzugefügt werden müssen, vielmehr wird ausschließlich das Holzwerkstück bzw. das holzähnliche Werkstück gezielt modifiziert, um in den dem beschriebenen Verfahren unterworfenen Bereichen eines Holzwerkstückes bzw. mehrerer Holzwerkstücke eine abriebfeste und stoßfeste sowie eine gegenüber dem unbehandelten Holz wesentlich härtere Oberfläche zu erzielen.This object is achieved in a method of the type described above in that a rubbing relative movement on the surfaces of the wood workpiece or the wood-like workpiece while avoiding the access of oxygen to the formation of originating from the wood workpiece or the wood-like workpiece thermoplastic adhesive - caused by destruction of the Cell structure and at least partial liquefaction of one or more components of the cells of the wood workpiece or wood-like workpiece - is performed, after which the cells of the surface and cells of a volume area below the surface are compacted under cooling the same under pressure. This method is characterized in that no foreign materials or chemical substances must be added before, during or after the process, but only the wood workpiece or the wood-like workpiece is specifically modified to in the subject of the described method areas of a wood workpiece or several wood workpieces to achieve an abrasion-resistant and shock-resistant and a compared to the untreated wood much harder surface.

Verbindungen von Holzwerkstücken lassen sich grob in zwei Gruppen aufteilen (vgl. auch WO 00/79137 ; Integral Joining). Die erste Gruppe besteht darin, dass die Übertragung der Kräfte zwischen den Holzwerkstücken durch ein die Kräfte übertragendes Element bewerkstelligt wird, welches an die Oberflächen der zu verbindenden Holzwerkstücke beispielsweise aufgeklebt ist. Die so hergestellte material- oder formschlüssige Verbindung ist in der Praxis auf die Kontaktoberflächen der Holzwerkstücke beschränkt. Jene Werkstückbereiche, die sich außerhalb der Kontaktfläche befinden, haben keinen Einfluss auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Verbindung.Compounds of wooden workpieces can be roughly divided into two groups (see also WO 00/79137 ; Integral Joining). The first group is that the transmission of forces between the wooden workpieces is accomplished by a force transmitting element which is adhered to the surfaces of the wooden workpieces to be joined, for example. The material or positive connection thus produced is limited in practice to the contact surfaces of the wood workpieces. Those workpiece areas that are outside the contact area have no influence on the mechanical properties of the connection.

Die zweite Gruppe von Verbindungen beruht darauf, dass Teile des verbindenden Elementes in das Innere der Holzwerkstücke hineinreichen und dass auch jene Teile der Holzwerkstücke außerhalb der Kontaktfläche die mechanischen Eigenschaften der hergestellten Verbindung maßgeblich beeinflussen. Verbindungen, die dieser Gruppe angehören, sind im allgemeinen höher belastbar.The second group of compounds is based on the fact that parts of the connecting element extend into the interior of the wood workpieces and that also those parts of the wood workpieces outside the contact surface significantly influence the mechanical properties of the compound produced. Compounds belonging to this group are generally more resilient.

Die Erfindung stellt sich weiters die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zu schaffen mit welchen eine Verbindung zweier Holzwerkstücke bzw. holzähnlicher Werkstoffe gemäß der oben beschriebenen zweiten Gruppe durchführbar ist, wobei das Hinzufügen fremdartiger Materialien oder chemischer Substanzen vermieden werden kann.The invention further has the object to provide a method and an apparatus for carrying out the method with which a connection of two wood workpieces or wood-like materials according to the second group described above is feasible, the addition of foreign materials or chemical substances can be avoided.

Diese Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch die Kombination folgender Merkmale gelöst:

  • Sowohl die Kontakt-Oberfläche eines ersten Holzwerkstückes oder holzähnlichen Werkstückes als auch die Kontakt-Oberfläche eines zweiten Holzwerkstückes oder holzähnlichen Werkstückes werden - unter Vermeidung eines Sauerstoffzutrittes - durch eine reibende Relativbewegung an den Kontaktflächen der Holzwerkstücke oder holzähnlichen Werkstücke unter Druck unter Zerstörung der Zellenstruktur bis zur Bildung einer thermoplastischen Klebemasse in zumindest Teilbereichen der einander kontaktierenden Oberflächen erhitzt,
  • wobei die beiden Holzwerkstücke oder holzähnlichen Werkstücke durch Druck mit ihren Kontakt-Oberflächen gegeneinander gepresst werden,
  • worauf die Kontakt-Oberflächen der beiden Holzwerkstücke oder holzähnlichen Werkstücke und Volumsbereiche unter diesen Oberflächen abkühlen,
  • Zellen des Oberflächenbereiches mindestens eines Holzwerkstückes oder holzähnlichen Werkstückes unter Druck verdichtet werden
  • und unter Eindringen der thermoplastischen Klebemesse unter die Kontakt-Oberfläche des bzw. der verdichteten Holzwerkstücke(s) oder holzähnlichen Werkstücke(s) ein Verschweißen der Holzwerkstücke durchgeführt wird.
This object of the invention is achieved by the combination of the following features:
  • Both the contact surface of a first wood workpiece or wood-like workpiece and the contact surface of a second wood workpiece or wood-like workpiece - while avoiding Sauerstoffzutrittes - by a rubbing relative motion on the contact surfaces of the wood workpieces or wood-like workpieces under pressure to destroy the cell structure to Forming a thermoplastic adhesive in at least portions of the contacting surfaces heated,
  • wherein the two wood workpieces or wood-like workpieces are pressed against each other by pressure with their contact surfaces,
  • whereupon the contact surfaces of the two wood workpieces or wood-like workpieces and volume areas cool under these surfaces,
  • Cells of the surface area of at least one wood workpiece or wood-like workpiece are compressed under pressure
  • and welding the wooden workpieces under the contact surface of the compacted wood workpiece (s) or wood-like workpieces (s) as the thermoplastic adhesive gauge penetrates.

Im Unterschied zu Verfahren, welche dem Stand der Holzverbindungstechnik entsprechen, wird erfindungsgemäß die Klebemasse aus den zu verbindenden Holzwerkstücken bzw. holzähnüchen Werkstücken durch gezielte Energiezufuhr gewonnen. Zusätzlich findet eine Verdichtung der Holzwerkstücke in und um den Bereich der Fügefläche statt, so dass die Festigkeit der so hergestellten Verbindungen durch Materialeigenschaften jener Teile im Fugenbereich und der im Inneren der Holzwerkstücke befindlichen Teilbereiche maßgeblich erhöht wird. Es handelt sich somit um eine "Press-Schweißverbindung" der beiden Holzwerkstücke.In contrast to methods which correspond to the state of the art of wood connection technology, according to the invention the adhesive is obtained from the wood workpieces or woodworking workpieces to be joined by targeted energy supply. In addition, there is a compaction of the wood workpieces in and around the area of the joint surface, so that the strength of the compounds thus produced is significantly increased by the material properties of those parts in the joint area and located in the interior of the wood workpieces sections. It is thus a "Press-welded joint" of the two wood workpieces.

Die DE-C-853 402 beschäftigt sich mit einer Oberflächenveredelung durch Verdichtung mit gleichzeitiger oder anschließender Verformung durch Anwendung von Wärme und Druck, wobei ein pulsierender Druck auf einen zwischen gegeneinander bewegbaren Rahmenteilen eingelegten Werkstoff ausgeübt wird, jedoch ohne reibende Relativbewegung. Während des Weiterbewegens des Werkstoffes werden die Rahmenteile auseinanderbewegt und auf Distanz gehalten. Eine Zerstörung der Zellstruktur findet nicht statt, so dass auch keine thermoplastische Klebemasse gebildet wird.The DE-C-853 402 is concerned with a surface finishing by compaction with simultaneous or subsequent deformation by application of heat and pressure, wherein a pulsating pressure is exerted on a material inserted between mutually movable frame members, but without rubbing relative movement. As the material advances, the frame parts are moved apart and kept at a distance. A destruction of the cell structure does not take place, so that no thermoplastic adhesive is formed.

Bevorzugte Varianten des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen 3 bis 18 gekennzeichnet.Preferred variants of the method according to the invention are characterized in the subclaims 3 to 18.

Die hier beschriebene Erfindung stellt sich weiters die Aufgabe der Herstellung einer verdichteten Oberfläche eines Holzwerkstückes, insbesondere einer, die in Hinblick auf Abrieb und Stoßfestigkeit besonders stabil ist, wobei als Gegenwerkstück ein Gegenwerkstück mit einer höheren Schmelz- und Siedetemperatur als das Holzwerkstück und mit einer glatten Oberfläche mit einem geringen, ein Haften vermeidenden Benetzungswinkel, wie eine metallische oder verspiegelte Oberfläche, verwendet wird.The invention described herein further sets itself the task of producing a compacted surface of a wood workpiece, in particular one which is particularly stable in terms of abrasion and impact resistance, as a counterpart workpiece with a higher melting and boiling temperature than the wood workpiece and with a smooth Surface with a low, adhesion-avoiding wetting angle, such as a metallic or mirrored surface, is used.

Der natürliche Werkstoff Holz wird durch seine innerhalb des Werkstückes variierenden Werkstoffeigenschaften charakterisiert, die gleichermaßen, wie bei gängigen Holzbearbeitungsarten, das Verfahren und die danach geschaffene Holzverbindung unterschiedlich beeinflussen. Das hier vorgestellte Verfahren stellt sich in bezug auf die oben vorgestellten anwendungsspezifischen Aufgaben auch die Aufgabe, das hier diskutierte Verfahren des Verdichtens und die Vorrichtungen hierzu an die variierenden Materialeigenschaften des natürlichen Werkstoffes Holz anzupassen. Im Unterschied zu Verfahren, welche dem Stand der Schweißtechnik und/oder der Holzverbindungstechnologie entsprechen, ist es somit möglich, den Grad des erfindungsgemäßen Verdichtens in Abhängigkeit von Eigenschaften des bzw. der Holzwerkstücke, insbesondere in Abhängigkeit der Dichte, durchzuführen, somit das Entstehen von den variierenden Materialeigenschaften von Holz herrührenden Diskontinuitäten in den dem Verfahren unterworfenen Bereichen zu verhindern.The natural material wood is characterized by its varying material properties within the workpiece, which, as with common types of woodworking, affect the process and the subsequent wood connection differently. The method presented here, with respect to the application-specific tasks presented above, also has the object, the method of compacting discussed here, and the devices for this purpose to the varying Material properties of the natural material wood adapt. In contrast to methods which correspond to the state of welding technology and / or the wood joining technology, it is thus possible to carry out the degree of compacting according to the invention depending on properties of the wood workpiece or pieces, in particular depending on the density, thus the emergence of the to prevent varying material properties of wood discontinuities in the areas subject to the process.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst:

  • eine Werkstückaufnahme für mindestens ein Holzwerkstück oder holzähnliches Werkstück
  • eine erste Station mit einer Einrichtung, die an der Oberfläche des Holzwerkstückes oder des holzähnlichen Werkstückes unter Vermeidung eines Sauerstoffzutrittes eine reibende Relativbewegung erzeugt,
  • eine zweite Station mit einer Einrichtung, in der die Oberfläche des Holzwerkstückes oder des holzähnlichen Werkstückes verdichtet wird und
  • eine dritte Station mit einer Kühleinrichtung für das Holzwerkstück.
An apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises:
  • a workpiece holder for at least one wood workpiece or wood-like workpiece
  • a first station with a device which generates a rubbing relative movement on the surface of the wood workpiece or the wood-like workpiece while avoiding oxygen access,
  • a second station with a device in which the surface of the wood workpiece or the wood-like workpiece is compacted and
  • a third station with a cooling device for the wood workpiece.

Bevorzugte Varianten der Vorrichtung sind in den Unteransprüchen 20 bis 34 gekennzeichnet.Preferred variants of the device are characterized in the dependent claims 20 to 34.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand der Beschreibung anhand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert, wobei Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch ein Holzwerkstück quer zur Faserrichtung im unverdichteten und Fig. 2 im erfindungsgemäß verdichteten Zustand zeigt. Fig. 3 veranschaulicht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in Diagrammform. Die Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen Computertomografiebilder verdichteter Oberflächen von Holzwerkstücken. Die Fig. 6 bis 11 veranschaulichen schematische Darstellungen von Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des erfindungsmäßen Verfahrens.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the description with reference to several embodiments, wherein Fig. 1 a section through a wooden workpiece across the grain in the uncompressed and Fig. 2 shows in the invention compacted state. Fig. 3 illustrates the inventive method in diagram form. The 4 and 5 show computed tomography images of compacted surfaces of wooden workpieces. The Fig. 6 to 11 illustrate schematic representations of devices for carrying out the inventive method.

Anhand eines Vergleichs der Fig. 1 mit Fig. 2, die ein Holzwerkstück 1 geschnitten quer zur Faserrichtung des Holzes in ein und demselben Maßstab unter dem Mikroskop vergrößert veranschaulichen, ist zu erkennen, wie durch ein Verdichten die Querschnitte der Zellen 2 verändert werden. Gemäß Fig. 2 sind die Zellen 2 komprimiert und es ist auch erkennbar, dass eine thermoplastische Klebemasse 3, die vom Holzwerkstück 1 selbst gebildet ist, zwischen die komprimierten Zellen 2 eingedrungen ist. Am linken unteren Eck der Fig. ist eine Ansammlung von thermoplastischer Klebemasse 3 zu erkennen, wie sie sich beispielsweise bei Herstellen einer erfindungsgemäßen Verschweißung mit einem zweiten Holzwerkstück bildet.Based on a comparison of Fig. 1 With Fig. 2 It can be seen how a cross-section of the cells 2 is changed by compacting a wood workpiece 1 cut across the grain of the wood on the same scale magnified under the microscope. According to Fig. 2 For example, the cells 2 are compressed and it can also be seen that a thermoplastic adhesive 3, which is formed by the wood workpiece 1 itself, has penetrated between the compressed cells 2. At the lower left corner of the figure, a collection of thermoplastic adhesive 3 can be seen, as they are For example, when producing a weld according to the invention forms with a second wood workpiece.

Anhand des Ausmaßes des Dickenschwundes während der Teilprozesse III bis IV, in denen es zur Bildung der thermoplastischen Klebemasse beziehungsweise der Verdichtung der Zellen kommt, kann auf die allgemeine Qualität der Verdichtung des Holzwerkstoffes geschlossen werden.On the basis of the extent of thickness shrinkage during the sub-processes III to IV, in which it comes to the formation of the thermoplastic adhesive or the compaction of the cells, it can be concluded that the overall quality of the compaction of the wood material.

Die in Fig. 6 dargestellte Vorrichtung dient zum Herstellen einer Schweißverbindung zweier übereinandergelegter Holzwerkstücke 1, 1'. Die Vorrichtung weist eine Werkstückaufnahme 4 für zwei übereinandergelegte Holzwerkstücke 1, 1', eine Station 5 zur Konditionierung der beiden übereinanderliegenden Holzwerkstücke 1, 1', weiters in Förderrichtung 6 der Holzwerkstücke 1, 1' eine Station mit einer Energieeinbringeinrichtung 7, nachfolgend eine Station mit einer Verdichtungseinrichtung 8, die mit einer weiteren Station, die als Kühleinrichtung 9 ausgebildet ist, gekoppelt ist, auf.In the Fig. 6 shown device is used to make a welded joint of two superimposed wooden workpieces 1, 1 '. The apparatus has a workpiece holder 4 for two superimposed wooden workpieces 1, 1 ', a station 5 for conditioning the two superimposed wooden workpieces 1, 1', further in the conveying direction 6 of the wood workpieces 1, 1 'a station with an energy input device 7, below a station with a compression device 8, which is coupled to a further station, which is designed as a cooling device 9, on.

Zum Fördern der Holzwerkstücke 1, 1' ist eine Fördereinrichtung 10 gebildet von zwei Förderbandanlagen 11, 12 vorgesehen, deren Förderbänder 13 derart einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind, dass die beiden Holzwerkstücke 1, 1' an den einander gegenüberliegenden Trumen 14 der Förderbänder 13 anliegen. Die einzelnen Stationen, wie sie oben beschrieben sind, befinden sich zwischen den hin- und hergehenden Trumen jeweils eines Förderbandes 13.For conveying the wooden workpieces 1, 1 ', a conveyor 10 is formed by two conveyor belts 11, 12 are provided, the conveyor belts 13 are arranged opposite each other, that the two wood workpieces 1, 1' abut the opposing Trumen 14 of the conveyor belts 13. The individual stations, as described above, are located between the reciprocating runs of a conveyor belt 13, respectively.

Zum Fixieren der Holzwerkstücke 1,1' ist ggf. eine Einspannvorrichtung, eine Halterung mittels Unterdruck und/oder eine Oberfläche mit hoher Rauhigkeit, vorzugehen, sodass die Energieeinbringung in die Kontaktfläche 17 bzw. Verbindungsfuge 18 in Form von Schwingungen in einem beliebigem, vorzugweise 0° oder 90° betragenden Winkel gewährleistet ist.For fixing the wood workpieces 1,1 'is possibly a jig, a holder by means of vacuum and / or a surface with high roughness, proceed, so that the energy input into the contact surface 17 or joint 18 in the form of vibrations in any, preferably 0 ° or 90 ° angle is guaranteed.

Zwecks Verdichtung der aneinander anliegenden Oberflächen der beiden übereinander angeordneten Holzwerkstücke 1, 1' ist vorteilhaft der Spalt 15 zwischen den beiden Trumen 14 der Förderbänder 13 verjüngend ausgebildet, d.h. die beiden in gleiche Richtung laufenden und einander gegenüberliegende Trume 14 der Förderbänder 13 sind nicht genau parallel zueinander sondern unter Bildung eines keilförmigen Spaltes 15 gegeneinander ausgerichtet.For the purpose of compaction of the abutting surfaces of the two superimposed wooden workpieces 1, 1 'is advantageously the gap 15 between the two Trumen 14 of the conveyor belts 13 tapered, ie the two running in the same direction and opposing Trume 14 of the conveyor belts 13 are not exactly parallel each other but aligned to form a wedge-shaped gap 15 against each other.

Gemäß der in Fig. 7 dargestellten Vorrichtung ist die obere der beiden Förderbandanlagen 12 von zwei in Laufrichtung hintereinander angeordneten und in dieselbe Richtung antreibbaren Förderbändern 13 und 16 gebildet, zwischen denen die Energieeinbringeinrichtung 7, die in diesem Fall in direkten Kontakt mit der Oberfläche 17 eines Holzwerkstückes 1 bringbar ist, vorgesehen. Diese Art der Vorrichtung dient zur Verdichtung der Oberfläche 17 eines einzelnen Holzwerkstückes 1, um eine besonders verschleißfeste und stoßfeste Oberfläche an diesem Holzwerkstück 1 auszubilden.According to the in Fig. 7 The device shown is the upper of the two conveyor belt systems 12 of two arranged in the direction of succession and drivable in the same direction conveyor belts 13 and 16 are formed, between which the Energieeinbringeinrichtung 7, which is brought in this case in direct contact with the surface 17 of a wood workpiece 1, provided , This type of device serves to densify the surface 17 of a single wood workpiece 1 in order to form a particularly wear-resistant and impact-resistant surface on this wood workpiece 1.

Die Funktion der Einrichtungen nach den Fig. 6 und 7 ist nachstehend näher erläutert:The function of the facilities after the 6 and 7 is explained in more detail below:

Die Holzwerkstücke 1 bzw. 1' werden durch eine gezielte Energiezufuhr an den dem Verfahren unterworfenen Oberflächen und/oder in Bereichen des Holzwerkstückes 1, 1' unter Ausübung eines mechanischen Druckes durch das Einbringen von Energie erwärmt. Bei der Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mittels einer Vorrichtung nach Fig. 6 zum stoffreinen Verbinden von zwei Holzwerkstücken 1, 1' wird Energie beispielsweise durch eine Relativbewegung, vorzugsweise in Form einer linearen zirkularen Bewegung (Bewegungsrichtung parallel zur Verbindungsfuge 18 der Holzwerkstücke 1, 1') oder Ultraschauschwingung (Bewegungsrichtung in einem beliebigen, vorzugsweise rechtwinkeligen, Winkel zur Verbindungsfuge 18 der Holzwerkstücke 1, 1') zwischen Holzwerkstücken eingebracht. Die Relativbewegung der Holzwerkstücke hat unter einer rechtwinkelig zur Verbindungsfuge gerichteten Kraft zu erfolgen, so dass ein stetiger Kontakt zwischen den Holzwerkstücken 1, 1' sichergestellt ist.The wood workpieces 1 and 1 'are heated by a targeted supply of energy to the surfaces subject to the method and / or in areas of the wood workpiece 1, 1' by applying a mechanical pressure by the introduction of energy. When applying the method according to the invention by means of a device according to Fig. 6 For material-free joining of two wooden workpieces 1, 1 'energy is, for example, by a relative movement, preferably in the form of a linear circular movement (direction of movement parallel to the joint 18 of the wood workpieces 1, 1') or ultrasonic vibration (direction of movement in any, preferably rectangular, angle to Connecting joint 18 of the wood workpieces 1, 1 ') introduced between wooden workpieces. The relative movement of the wooden workpieces has to take place at a force directed at right angles to the joint, so that a continuous contact between the wood workpieces 1, 1 'is ensured.

Bei Anwendung des Verfahrens zum Verdichten einer Oberfläche eines einzelnen Holzwerkstückes 1 mit einer in Fig. 7 dargestellten Vorrichtung zur Oberflächenveredelung wird ein Holzwerkstück 1 relativ zu einem nicht porösen, beispielsweise metallischen Gegenwerkstück 19 bewegt, welches eine höhere Schmelz- und Siedetemperatur hat als die Schmelztemperatur der Komponenten des Holzwerkstoffes, welche Komponenten zur Bildung der thermoplastischen Klebemasse 3 verflüssigt werden müssen. Die Oberfläche des Gegenwerkstückes 19 muss darüber hinaus einen hohen Benetzungswinkel aufweisen, so dass zwischen der in den folgenden Prozessschritten gebildeten thermoplastischen Klebemasse 3 und dem Gegenwerkstück 19 keine kraftschlüssige Verbindung entstehen kann: Ein Metall der Type 1.43012R nach DIN EN 10088 weist beispielsweise die gestellten Anforderungen auf; es handelt sich um einen "teflonartigen Stahl".When using the method for compacting a surface of a single wood workpiece 1 with an in Fig. 7 1, a wood workpiece 1 is moved relative to a non-porous, for example metal counterpart workpiece 19, which has a higher melting and boiling temperature than the melting temperature of the components of the wood material, which components must be liquefied to form the thermoplastic adhesive 3. The surface of the counter workpiece 19 must also have a high wetting angle, so that between the formed in the following process steps thermoplastic adhesive 3 and the counter workpiece 19 no frictional connection can arise: A metal of type 1.43012R according to DIN EN 10088 has, for example, the requirements on; it is a "Teflon-like steel".

Die Anwendung der Ultraschalltechnologie erweist sich insbesondere beim gleichzeitigen stoffschlüssigen Verbinden von mehreren Holzwerksstücken 1, 1' oder der Veredelung der Oberflächen 17 von Holzwerkstücken 1 in einem kontinuierlichen Verfahren als vorteilhaft.The application of ultrasound technology proves to be particularly advantageous in the simultaneous cohesive joining of several pieces of woodwork 1, 1 'or the refinement of the surfaces 17 of wooden workpieces 1 in a continuous process.

Die Einbringung der erforderlichen Energie durch beispielweise eine linear schwingende Relativbewegung eignet sich ebenfalls zum erfindungsgemäßen Veredeln von Oberflächen 17 in einem kontinuierlichen Verfahren , aber auch zum Verbinden von zwei Holzwerkstücken 1, 1'.The introduction of the required energy by, for example, a linearly oscillating relative movement is likewise suitable for finishing surfaces 17 according to the invention in a continuous process, but also for joining two wooden workpieces 1, 1 '.

Durch die Relativbewegung zwischen den Holzwerkstücken 1,1' bzw, zwischen dem Holzwerkstücke 1 und dem Gegenwerkstück 19 und der dadurch aktivierten Reibungskräfte kommt es zu einer fortschreitenden Erwärmung des Holzwerkstoffes eines Holzwerkstückes 1 bzw. 1' an seiner Oberfläche bzw. in der Verbindungsfuge 18.Due to the relative movement between the wood workpieces 1, 1 'or between the wood workpieces 1 and the opposing workpieces 19 and the frictional forces activated thereby, there is a progressive heating of the wood material of a wood work piece 1 or 1' on its surface or in the connection joint 18.

Die fortschreitende Erwärmung der Oberfläche eines Holzwerkstückes 1, 1' (zumindest) im Bereich der sich relativ zueinander bewegenden Kontaktflächen zwischen zwei Holzwerkstücken 1, 1' oder zwischen einem Holzwerkstück 1 und einem Gegenwerkstück 19 zieht mehrere Effekte mit sich. Bei geringen Temperaturen verursacht die Ernergieeinbringung eine Werkstoffaufbereitung und -konditionierung. Der Werkstoff Holz wird zumindest in den für die nachfolgenden (Teil)Prozesse relevanten Bereichen so konditioniert, dass die im weiteren beschriebenen Folgeprozesse ablaufen können. Dadurch haben die Beschaffenheit der Oberfläche des Holzwerkstückes 1, 1' (Rauhigkeit, Art der Bearbeitung etc.) sowie der physikalische Zustand (Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit etc.) vor der Behandlung keinen Einfluss auf die nachfolgende Verdichtung des Holzwerkstückes 1, 1'. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren schließt nicht aus, dass eine solche Aufbereitung sowie Konditionierung des Werkstoffes durch die Vorbehandlung in einer Konditioniereinrichtung und/oder durch prozessexteme Maßnahmen geschaffen werden können.The progressive heating of the surface of a wood workpiece 1, 1 '(at least) in the area of relatively moving contact surfaces between two wood workpieces 1, 1' or between a wood workpiece 1 and a counter workpiece 19 has several effects. At low temperatures, the energy input causes material preparation and conditioning. The material wood is conditioned at least in the areas relevant for the subsequent (partial) processes in such a way that the subsequent processes described below can take place. As a result, the nature of the surface of the wood workpiece 1, 1 '(roughness, type of processing, etc.) and the physical state (temperature, humidity, etc.) before the treatment have no effect on the subsequent compression of the wood workpiece 1, 1'. The inventive method does not exclude that such treatment and conditioning of the material can be created by the pretreatment in a conditioning and / or by process measures.

Bei weiterer Erwärmung des Holzwerkstoffes bis zu Temperaturen um ca. 400 °C kommt es zu einer Verflüssigung eines oder mehrerer Bestandteile des Holzes, wie z.B. von Lignin, d.h. es kommt zur Bildung einer thermoplastischen Klebemasse 3. Bei der Bildung dieser thermoplastischen Klebemasse 3 ist der Zutritt von Sauerstoff zu unterbinden, um eine Verbrennung oder Verkohlung der Holzwerkstoffe zu verhindern. Der Luftabschluss wird einerseits durch den senkrecht auf die Kontaktfläche (Verbindungsfuge 18 bzw. Oberfläche 17) wirkenden mechanischen Druck, andererseits durch den Holz-Materialabrieb und die durch die Energiezufuhr verursachte Holz-Materialerweichung gewährleistet. Die Erwärmung des Holzwerkstoffes führt auch zu einem Öffnen der die Holzzellen 2 verbindenden Membranen 20, so dass unter geringem Druck die thermoplastische Klebemasse 3 die Kontaktfläche durchdringen und in das Holzwerksroffinnere eingepresst werden kann. (vgl. Fig. 2).Upon further heating of the wood material up to temperatures of about 400 ° C, there is a liquefaction of one or more components of the wood, such as lignin, ie it comes to the formation of a thermoplastic adhesive 3. In the formation of this thermoplastic adhesive 3 is the Preventing the ingress of oxygen to prevent combustion or charring of wood-based materials. The air seal is ensured on the one hand by the perpendicular to the contact surface (joint 18 and surface 17) acting mechanical pressure, on the other hand by the wood material abrasion and caused by the energy supply wood material softening. The heating of the wood material also leads to an opening of the wood cells. 2 connecting membranes 20, so that under low pressure, the thermoplastic adhesive 3 penetrate the contact surface and can be pressed into the Holzwerksroffinnere. (see. Fig. 2 ).

Das beschriebene erfindungsgemäße Verfahren schließt nicht aus, dass die Bildung der thermoplastischen Klebemasse 3 auch in einer anaeroben Atmosphäre zur Unterbindung einer Verbrennung und/oder Verkohlung des Holzwerkstoffes stattfinden kann, zu welchem Zweck die Vorrichtung mit einer Einhausung 21 versehen ist, in die eine Anaerobgas-Zuführungseinrichtung 22 mündet. (vgl. die Darstellung in Fig. 8).The inventive method described does not exclude that the formation of the thermoplastic adhesive 3 can also take place in an anaerobic atmosphere to prevent combustion and / or charring of the wood material, for which purpose the device is provided with an enclosure 21 into which an anaerobic gas Feeding device 22 opens. (See the illustration in Fig. 8 ).

Die so gebildete thermoplastische Klebemasse 3 besteht größtenteils aus Lignin und/oder dessen chemischer Modifkationen; die zähflüssigen, klebenden Eigenschaften der so aus dem Werkstoff Holz gewonnenen thermoplastischen Klebemasse 3 wird für die im folgenden beschriebene erfindungsgemäße Verdichtung des porösen Werkstoffes genutzt. Durch das stetige Zerstören der Zellenstruktur an der Oberfläche des zu verdichtenden Werkstoffes kann auch Lignin aus Volumsbereichen, welche zu Beginn des Verfahrens unterhalb der Oberfläche sich befanden, zur Herstellung der thermoplastischen Klebemasse herangezogen werden.The thermoplastic adhesive 3 thus formed consists largely of lignin and / or its chemical Modifkationen; the viscous, adhesive properties of the thermoplastic adhesive 3 thus obtained from the material wood is used for the inventive compaction of the porous material described below. Due to the constant destruction of the cell structure on the surface of the material to be compacted, lignin from volume regions which were located below the surface at the beginning of the process can also be used to produce the thermoplastic adhesive.

Nach ausreichender Bildung der thermoplastischen Klebemasse sowie Erwärmung des Holzwerkstoffes wird ein weiterer Energieeintrag unterbunden; der Holzwerkstoff wird erfindungsgemäß verdichtet.After sufficient formation of the thermoplastic adhesive and heating of the wood material, a further input of energy is prevented; the wood material is compacted according to the invention.

Zum einen werden die erweichten Zellen 2 durch eine plastische Deformation unter hohem Druck komprimiert. Wegen der Holzstruktur und vor allem wegen der durch die fortschreitende Erwärmung des Holzwerkstoffes hervorgerufenen ausreichenden Erweichung der Zellenstruktur, tritt bei der Verdichtung durch plastische Kompression keine oder nur eine durch das Komprimieren der Zellenhohlräume unvermeidbare Deformation des Holzwerkstückes 1 bzw. 1' in jene durch die Energieeinbringung 7 erweichte Bereiche quer zur Richtung der aufgebrachten Kraft auf.On the one hand, the softened cells 2 are compressed by a plastic deformation under high pressure. Because of the wood structure, and especially because of the sufficient softening of the cell structure caused by the progressive heating of the wood material, no or only unavoidable deformation of the wood workpiece 1 or 1 'into the energy input due to the compression of the cell cavities occurs during compaction by plastic compression 7 softened areas transverse to the direction of the applied force.

Zum andern führt das zuvor eingetretene Öffnen der Membranen 20 zu einer Imprägnierung der Zellenhohlräume unter geringem Druck, sowie wegen der klebenden Eigenschaften der thermoplastischen Klebemasse 3 zum Verkleben der Zellenwände. Beide Teilprozesse des Verdichtens, die Komprimierung als auch Imprägnierung verbessern stark die mechanischen Eigenschaften der verdichteten Zone in Hinblick auf die beiden erwähnten erfindungsgemäßen Anwendungsfälle: Oberflächen veredeln und Herstellen einer Schweißverbindung.On the other hand, the previously occurring opening of the membranes 20 leads to an impregnation of the cell cavities under low pressure, as well as because of the adhesive properties of the thermoplastic adhesive 3 for bonding the cell walls. Both sub-processes of compaction, compression and impregnation greatly improve the mechanical properties of the compacted zone with respect to the two mentioned Use cases according to the invention: refining surfaces and producing a welded joint.

Mit der Unterbindung des Energieeintrages tritt ein Temperaturausgleich zwischen den erwärmten Teilen der Holzwerkstücke 1, 1' bzw. der Umgebung, somit ein Aushärten der thermoplastischen Klebemasse 3 ein. Selbstverständlich kann der Prozess des Abkühlens durch externe Maßnahmen beschleunigt werden.With the suppression of the energy input occurs a temperature balance between the heated parts of the wood workpieces 1, 1 'and the environment, thus curing of the thermoplastic adhesive 3 a. Of course, the process of cooling can be accelerated by external measures.

In jenem Fall, dass die Bildung der thermoplastischen Klebemasse zwischen zwei Holzwerkstücken 1, 1' erfolgt, kommt es unter Anwendung der klebenden Eigenschaften und gleichzeitiger erfindungsgemäßer Verdichtung der Holzwerkstücke 1, 1' zumindest an deren Oberflächen, d.h. Imprägnierung mittels der thermoplastischen Masse und Kompression der Zellen, zu einem stoffschlüssigen Verbinden der Holzwerkstücke 1, 1'.In the case that the formation of the thermoplastic adhesive takes place between two pieces of wood 1, 1 ', at least on the surfaces thereof, using the adhesive properties and simultaneous compaction of the wood workpieces 1, 1' according to the invention. Impregnation by means of the thermoplastic material and compression of the cells, to a cohesive bonding of the wood workpieces 1, 1 '.

Bei Verwendung eines nicht porösen Materials als Gegenwerkstück 19 zu einem Holzwerkstück 1 wird wegen des geringen Benetzungswinkels ein stoffschlüssiges Verbinden zwischen den Werkstücken 1 und 19 verhindert. Die Zellenstruktur an und nahe der Oberfläche 17 des Holzwerkstückes 1 wird komprimiert und mittels der thermoplastischen Klebemasse 3 imprägniert. Aufgrund der Eigenschaften der gemäß des beschriebenen Verfahrens gebildeten thermoplastischen Klebemasse kommt es zusätzlich zu einer Verklebung der Zellen 2 des Holzwerkstückes 1.When using a non-porous material as a counter workpiece 19 to a wood workpiece 1 a cohesive bonding between the workpieces 1 and 19 is prevented because of the low wetting angle. The cell structure at and near the surface 17 of the wood workpiece 1 is compressed and impregnated by means of the thermoplastic adhesive 3. Due to the properties of the thermoplastic adhesive formed according to the process described, in addition to adhesion of the cells 2 of the wood workpiece 1.

Bei der plastischen Deformation der Zellenstruktur bzw. während des Abkühlens des Holzwerkstoffes bzw. von Teilen des Holzwerkstoffes können - auch bei optimalen Maschinenparametern - werkstoffinterne Spannungen entstehen, die bei Wasserlagerung oder ähnlicher Lagerung des komprimierten Holzwerkstoffes eine Redeformation der komprimierten Zellen 2 hervorrufen können. Die Stabilisierung der verformten Zellen 2 mittels Wasserdampf unter Einspannung des verdichteten Holzwerkstückes 1 bzw. 1, 1' ist ein gängiges Verfahren, um durch die plastische Deformation entstandene Spannungen abzubauen, das auch beim vorliegenden Verfahren angewandt werden kann.In the plastic deformation of the cell structure or during cooling of the wood material or parts of the wood material can - even with optimal machine parameters - material internal stresses arise that can cause a redeformation of the compressed cells 2 in water storage or similar storage of the compressed wood material. The stabilization of the deformed cells 2 by means of steam under clamping of the compacted wood workpiece 1 or 1, 1 'is a common method to reduce stresses caused by the plastic deformation, which can also be applied in the present method.

Der natürliche Werkstoff Holz wird durch seine innerhalb des Holzwerkstückes 1, 1' variierenden Eigenschaften charakterisiert, welche beispielsweise anhand der Früh- und Spätjahresringe mit dem freien Auge erkennbar sind. Gleichermaßen wie bei gängigen Bearbeitungsarten von Holz beeinflussen die schwächsten Teile des Holzwerkstückes 1, 1' dessen Anwendung, wie z.B. bei Verbindung mit anderen Holzwerkstücken. Die im folgenden beschriebene Qualitätskontrolle bietet die Möglichkeit, die Bildung der thermoplastischen Kleberriasse 3, die Verdichtung durch Imprägnierung der Zellen 2 mittels der Klebemasse 3 und einer Komprimierung der Zellen 2 zerstörungsfrei zu überprüfen.The natural material wood is characterized by its within the wood workpiece 1, 1 'varying properties, which are recognizable, for example, on the basis of the early and late annual rings with the naked eye. In the same way as with common types of wood processing, the weakest parts of the wood workpiece 1, 1 'affect its application, such as in connection with other wood workpieces. The quality control described below offers the possibility of the formation of the thermoplastic adhesive 3, the compaction by impregnation of the cells 2 by means of the adhesive 3 and a compression of the cells 2 to verify non-destructive.

Die erfindungsgemäß gebildete thermoplastische Klebemasse 3 als auch die verdichtete Zellenstruktur weisen im Vergleich zu unbehandeltem Holz eine höhere spezifische Dichte auf. Die daraus resultierenden veränderten physikalischen Eigenschaften der modifizierten Bereiche des Holzes erlauben es, Rückschlüsse über beispielsweise den Verdichtungsgrad und/oder die Menge der gebildeten thermoplastischen Klebemasse zu ziehen. Gängige Verfahren zur zerstörungsfreien Qualitätsüberprüfung, wie zum Beispiel Ultraschall und Computertomografie, können dafür angewandt werden, die Güte der erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Verdichtung während und/oder nach dem Prozess zu kontrollieren.The thermoplastic adhesive 3 formed according to the invention and the compacted cell structure have a higher specific density compared to untreated wood. The resulting altered physical properties of the modified areas of the wood make it possible to draw conclusions about, for example, the degree of compaction and / or the amount of the thermoplastic adhesive formed. Conventional non-destructive quality control methods, such as ultrasound and computed tomography, may be used to control the quality of the compaction produced during and / or after the process.

Die Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen Computertomografiebilder verdichteter Oberflächen zweier miteinander verschweißter Holzwerkstücke 1, 1'. Zum einen sind die verdichteten Bereiche an den Oberflächen der Holzwerkstücke aufgrund der hellen Farbe deutlich zu erkennen. Fig. 5 beinhaltet die Darstellung der Messpunkte der lokalen Dichte relativ zu der Umgebungsluft.The 4 and 5 show computer tomography images of compacted surfaces of two wooden workpieces 1, 1 'welded together. On the one hand, the densified areas on the surfaces of the wooden workpieces are clearly visible due to the light color. Fig. 5 includes the representation of the measuring points of the local density relative to the ambient air.

Zum anderen sind sogenannte Diskontinuitäten in der verdichteten Zone sichtbar. Diese entstehen bei mangelnder Anlassung der Verfahrensparameter an die lokal variierenden Eigenschaften des oben definierten Werkstoffes Holz.On the other hand, so-called discontinuities in the condensed zone are visible. These arise in the absence of process parameters to the locally varying properties of the material defined above wood.

Die Linie A markiert den ungefähren Verlauf der Schweißverbindung, d.h. der Verbindungsfuge 18; Linie B die Jahresringlage (Spätholz).Line A marks the approximate course of the weld, i. the connecting joint 18; Line B the annual ring situation (latewood).

In Hinblick auf die variierenden Eigenschaften des Werkstoffes Holz, deren vielseitige Einflüsse auf das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren des fremdstoffreinen Verdichtens und/oder auf das Endprodukt, eignet sich die beschriebene Qualitätskontrolle neben einer Wegmessung zur Steuerung des Verfahrens, insbesondere der Parameter der Energiezufuhr und jener der Verdichtung der dem Verfahren unterworfenen Bereiche des Holzwerkstückes 1, 1'. Anhand beispielsweise eines Zeit-Weg-Diagramms kann der Ablauf der (Teil)Prozesse kontrolliert werden und eine Aussage über die Eigenschaften der stattgefundenen stoffreinen Verdichtung getroffen werden.In view of the varying properties of the material wood, their versatile influences on the inventive method of impurity-free compression and / or on the final product, the quality control described is in addition to a displacement measurement for controlling the process, in particular the parameters of the power supply and that of the compression of subjected to the process areas of the wood workpiece 1, 1 '. On the basis of, for example, a time-distance diagram, the sequence of (partial) processes can be controlled and a statement made about the properties of the substance-free compaction that has taken place.

Die Messung der sich lokal durch die erfindungsgemäße Modifikation des Holzwerkstückes 1, 1' während des Verfahrens sich verändernden physikalischen Eigenschaften und das Ziehen entsprechender Rückschlüsse über den Verlauf der erfindungsgemäßen Modifizierung der dem Verfahren unterworfenen Bereiche des Holzwerkstoffes ist allerdings als das genauere Steuerungsverfahren anzusehen. Im Unterschied zu bestehenden Verfahren der Holzbehandlung werden die Verfahrensparameter des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens nicht global an das gesamte Holzwerkstück 1, 1' angewandt, sondern an die lokalen Eigenschaften desselben angepasst.The measurement of locally by the inventive modification of the wood workpiece 1, 1 'during the process changing physical properties and the drawing of appropriate conclusions about the course of the invention However, modification of the areas of the wood-based material subject to the method is to be regarded as the more precise control method. In contrast to existing methods of wood treatment, the process parameters of the method according to the invention are not globally applied to the entire wood workpiece 1, 1 ', but adapted to the local properties thereof.

Lokale Diskontinuitäten in nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren behandelten Bereichen können so während des und/oder nach dem Verfahren aufgefunden und behoben werden. Es besteht ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen den physikalischen Eigenschaften, wie beispielsweise der mechanischen Festigkeit oder Wasserfestigkeit der gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verdichteten Bereiche von Holzwerkstücken 1, 1'.Local discontinuities in areas treated by the method according to the invention can thus be found and eliminated during and / or after the method. There is a direct relationship between the physical properties, such as the mechanical strength or water resistance of the densified according to the inventive method areas of wood workpieces 1, 1 '.

Um eine stoffreine Verdichtung mit hohen mechanischen Eigenschaften, wie beispielsweise einer hohen Festigkeit oder Wasserfestigkeit, gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren herzustellen, ist es vorteilhaft, eine wie oben beschriebene Qualitätskontrolle zur Steuerung des Verfahrens anzuwenden.In order to produce a material-free compaction with high mechanical properties, such as high strength or water resistance, according to the method according to the invention, it is advantageous to use a quality control as described above for controlling the process.

Die physikalischen Eigenschaften der verdichteten Holzwerkstücke 1, 1' stehen in eindeutiger Abhängigkeit zu der Menge der gebildeten thermoplastischen Klebemasse 3 und dem Ausmaß und der dimensionalen Stabilität der erfolgten Verdichtung der Holzstruktur.The physical properties of the compacted wood workpieces 1, 1 'are clearly dependent on the amount of thermoplastic adhesive 3 formed and the extent and dimensional stability of the densification of the wood structure.

Fig. 3 zeigt die wesentlichen Schritte des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in Diagrammform, wobei die Dickenänderung eines Holzwerkstückes 1 über der Zeit dargestellt ist. Die Reduktion der Dicke ist an der Ordinate aufgetragen; die Abszisse dient als Zeitachse. Der negative Bereich der Zeitachse ist geprägt durch die Energiezufuhr, der positive Bereich durch die Unterbindung der weiteren Energiezufuhr. Die im folgenden diskutierte Unterteilung des Gresamtprozesses bzw. Annäherung des in Fig. 3 dargestellten Graphen in Teilprozesse basiert auf der subjektiven Wahrnehmung während des Prozesses und der Änderung des in Fig. 3 dargestellten Graphen. Der Übergang zwischen Teilprozessen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erfolgt in der Regel fließend, wobei die Teilprozesse nachfolgend mit I bis V bezeichnet sind. Fig. 3 shows the essential steps of the method according to the invention in diagram form, wherein the change in thickness of a wood workpiece 1 over time is shown. The reduction of the thickness is plotted on the ordinate; the abscissa serves as the time axis. The negative part of the time axis is characterized by the energy supply, the positive area by the suppression of the further energy supply. The below discussed subdivision of the total process or approximation of the in Fig. 3 represented graphs in subprocesses based on the subjective perception during the process and the change of in Fig. 3 represented graphs. The transition between sub-processes of the method according to the invention is generally carried out fluently, wherein the sub-processes are designated below by I to V.

Nach einer Aufnahme I eines oder mehrerer Holzwerkstücke(s) erfolgt die Einbringung, die zuerst eine Konditionierung II der Holzwerkstücke 1, dann die Bildung III der thermoplastischen Klebemasse 3 bedingt. Der Teilprozess II ist durch einen (zeitlich gesehen) langsamen, der letztere Teilprozess III durch einen schnellen Materialschwund gekennzeichnet. Nach Unterbindung des Energieeintrages (Schnittpunkt der Abszisse mit der Ordinate) wird eine Verdichtung IV gemäß obiger Beschreibung durchgeführt. Anschließend kommt es -bedingt durch eine Auskühlung - zu einer Aushärtung V der Verdichtung.After a recording I of one or more wood workpieces (s), the introduction takes place, the conditioning of a first II of the wooden workpieces 1, then the formation III of the thermoplastic adhesive 3 due. The sub-process II is characterized by a (timely) slow, the latter sub-process III by a rapid loss of material. After suppression of the energy input (intersection of the abscissa with the Ordinate), a compression IV is performed as described above. Then it comes - due to a cooling - to a curing V of compression.

Fig. 8 veranschaulicht eine Oberflächenbehandlung eines großdimensionierten Holzwerkstückes 1, wobei dessen Oberfläche 17 verdichtet wird. Die hierfür dienende Vorrichtung ist mit ihren Stationen in einer Einhausung 21 eingebaut, die an eine Gaszuführungseinrichtung 22 angeschlossen ist. Vorzugsweise wird anaerobes Gas zugeführt. Fig. 8 illustrates a surface treatment of a large-sized wood workpiece 1, wherein the surface 17 is compacted. The serving device is installed with their stations in a housing 21, which is connected to a gas supply device 22. Preferably, anaerobic gas is supplied.

Fig. 9 zeigt eine Vorrichtung ohne Einhausung, mit der hintereinander kleinere Holzwerkstücke 1 im Durchlaufverfahren erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können, d.h. mit einer verdichteten Oberfläche 17 versehen werden können. Fig. 9 shows a device without housing, with the successively smaller pieces of wood 1 in the continuous process according to the invention can be treated, ie can be provided with a compacted surface 17.

In Fig. 10 ist eine Variante dargestellt, gemäß der drei Holzwerkstücke 1, 1', 1" miteinander verschweißt werden können, wobei zunächst ein erstes Förderband 13 zwei übereinandergelegte Holzwerkstücke 1, 1' miteinander verschweißt und nachfolgend ein drittes Holzwerkstück 1" auf die beiden zuvor verschweißten Holzwerkstücke 1, 1' aufgebracht wird und mittels einer weiteren Vorrichtung, die ebenfalls als Fördermittel ein Förderband 16 aufweist, mit den zuvor verschweißten beiden Holzwerkstücken 1, 1' verschweißt wird. Die Energieeinbringeinrichtung 7 ist in diesem Fall jeweils in einer Umlenkrolle 23 für das Förderband 13 bzw. 16 untergebracht, sodass hier kein direkter Kontakt der Energieeinbringeinrichtung 7 mit dem Holzwerkstück 1, 1' gegeben ist. Die Energie wird also über das Förderband 13 bzw. 16 auf die Holzwerkstücke 1, 1', 1" übertragen.In Fig. 10 a variant is shown, according to the three wood workpieces 1, 1 ', 1 "can be welded together, first a first conveyor belt 13 two superposed wooden workpieces 1, 1' welded together and subsequently a third wood workpiece 1" on the two previously welded wood workpieces. 1 , 1 'is applied and by means of another device, which also has a conveyor belt 16 as a conveyor, with the previously welded two wooden workpieces 1, 1' is welded. The energy input device 7 is accommodated in this case in each case in a deflection roller 23 for the conveyor belt 13 or 16, so that no direct contact of the energy input device 7 with the wood workpiece 1, 1 'is given here. The energy is thus transmitted via the conveyor belt 13 or 16 to the wood workpieces 1, 1 ', 1 ".

Die Erfindung beschränkt sich nicht auf die in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele, sondern kann in verschiedener Einsicht modifiziert werden. Beispielsweise ist es auch möglich, neben dem Verschweißen von Holzwerkstücke 1, 1', 1" mit jeweils in etwa parallel zueinander liegenden Fasern auch ein Holzwerkstück mit seiner Stirnseite an ein Holzwerkstück senkrecht zu dessen Faserrichtungen anzuschweißen, wie z.B. zum Herstellen einer Eckverbindung.The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawing, but can be modified in various ways. For example, it is also possible, in addition to the welding of wooden workpieces 1, 1 ', 1 "with fibers lying approximately parallel to one another, also to weld a wooden workpiece with its end face to a wood workpiece perpendicular to its grain directions, such as for example for producing a corner joint.

Claims (34)

  1. A method for compacting a wooden workpiece (1) or a wood-like workpiece such as bamboo, reed and other wood-based materials such as plywood, chipboard and/or wood-containing paper or paper enriched with resins, wherein the surface (1, 7) of the wooden workpiece (1) or wood-like workpiece is heated and subsequently compacted, characterised in that a frictional relative motion is carried out on the surface of the wooden workpiece (1) or wood-like workpiece while preventing the entry of oxygen until a thermoplastic adhesive substance coming from the wooden workpiece (1) or wood-like workpiece is formed -caused by a destruction of the cell structure and an at least partial liquefaction of one or several components of the cells of the wooden workpiece (1) or wood-like workpiece (1), whereupon the cells of the surface (17) and cells of a volume area beneath the surface (17) are compacted under application of pressure while being cooled.
  2. A method for connecting two wooden workpieces and/or wood-like workpieces such as bamboo, reed and other wood-based materials such as plywood, chipboard and/or wood-containing paper or paper enriched with resins, characterised by a combination of the following features:
    - both the contact surface of a first wooden workpiece (1) or wood-like workpiece and the contact surface of a second wooden workpiece or wood-like workpiece (I') are heated - while preventing the entry of oxygen - under pressure in at least partial areas of the surfaces contacting each other by a frictional relative motion on the contact areas of the wooden workpieces (I, I *) or wood-like workpieces with the cell structure being destroyed until a thermoplastic adhesive substance (3) is formed,
    - whereby the two wooden workpieces (I, I') or wood-like workpieces are pressed against each other with their contact surfaces by means of pressure, whereupon the contact surfaces of the two wooden workpieces or wood-like workpieces and volume areas beneath said surfaces cool down, cells of the surface area of at least one wooden workpiece (1, 1') or wood-like workpiece are compacted under pressure,
    - and the wooden workpieces (1, 1') are welded to one another, with the thermoplastic adhesive substance (3) penetrating under the contact surface of the compacted wooden workpiece(s) (I, I *) or wood-like workpiece(s).
  3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the wooden workpiece (1) or wood-like workpiece or the wooden workpieees (1, 1') or woodlike workpieces, respectively, is/are conditioned, during the supply of energy, to a predetermined maximum moisture content and/or to a predetermined minimum temperature and/or to a surface quality such as roughness.
  4. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the wooden workpiece or wood-like workpiece or the wooden workpieces (1, 1') or wood-like workpieces, respectively, is/are conditioned, prior to the energy supply, to a predetermined maximum moisture content and/or to a predetermined minimum temperature and/or to a surface quality such as roughness.
  5. A method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the friction is caused by an oscillating relative motion between the surface of the wooden workpiece (I) or wood-like workpiece and the surface of a counter workpiece (19), in particular in the form of a linearly oscillating relative motion (moving direction almost parallel to the surface) or in the form of an ultrasonic motion (moving direction at an arbitrary angle), preferably at a perpendicular angle to the surface of the wooden workpiece or wood-like workpiece, by a relative motion oscillating vertically to the surface of the wooden workpiece (1) or wood-like workpiece.
  6. A method according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the relative motion is produced with the aid of ultrasound.
  7. A method according to claim 5 or 6 characterised in that a second wooden workpiece (1') or wood-like workpiece is used as the counter workpiece (19).
  8. A method according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that a counter workpiece (19) comprising a smooth surface with a small wetting angle which prevents adhesion., such as a metallic or mirrored surface, is used.
  9. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 8 characterised in that the degree of the compaction is accomplished depending on properties of the wooden workpiece(s) (1, 1') or wood-like workpiece(s).
  10. A method according to claim 9, characterised in that the degree of the compaction is accomplished depending on the density of the wooden workpiece(s) (1, 1') or wood-like workpiece(s).
  11. A method according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the compaction is accomplished depending on a mechanical strength value of the wooden workpiece(s) (1,1') or wood-like workpiece(s).
  12. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the method is first performed across a partial surface of a wooden workpiece (1,1") or wood-like workpiece and subsequently across further partial surfaces of the wooden workpiece (1, 1') or wood-like workpiece.
  13. A method according to claim 12, characterised in that the method is performed across the surface of a wooden workpiece (1, 1') or wood-like workpiece in a continuously progressive manner.
  14. A method according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that the density of the wooden workpiece (I, I') or wood-like workpiece is measured continually, preferably in a continuous manner, during the method and the compaction and/or the formation of the thermoplastic adhesive substance (3) is/are effected depending on the measured values.
  15. A method according to any of claims 1 to 14 characterised in that the compaction is effected by a force which is about vertical to the longitudinal axis of the wood fibres of a wooden workpiece (I 51') or wood4ike workpiece, preferably in a radial direction of the tree trunk.
  16. A method according to any of Claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the compaction is performed at an angle deviating from 0° relative to the longitudinal direction of the wood fibres of a wooden workpiece (1,1') or wood-like workpiece, which deviation is, however, smaller than 90* relative to the longitudinal direction of the wood fibres.
  17. A method according to any of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that, in order to stabilise the dimension of the compaction, a vaporisation of the compacted surface and of the welded joint, respectively, of the wooden workpiece(s) (1, 1') or wood-like workpiece(s) is carried out after the surface compaction or after welding, respectively.
  18. A method according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterised in that the thermoplastic adhesive substance (3) is manufactured in an anaerobic atmosphere.
  19. A device for carrying out the method according to any of claims 1 to 18, comprising:
    - a workpiece receiver (4) for at least one wooden workpiece (1, 1') or wood-like workpiece,
    - a first station comprising a device which produces a frictional relative motion on the surface of the wooden workpiece (1, 1') or wood-like workpiece while preventing the entry of oxygen,
    - a second station comprising a device in which the surface of the wooden workpiece (1, 1') or wood-like workpiece is compacted and
    - a third station comprising a cooling means (9) for the wooden workpiece (1, 1').
  20. A device according to claim 19, characterised by a conveyor belt (10) by means of which a wooden workpiece (1, 1') or wood-like workpiece can be transported with the workpiece receiver (4) from one station to another.
  21. A device according to claim 19 or 20, characterised by a conveyor belt by means of which individual stations can be transported to a wooden workpiece (1,1') or wood-like workpiece.
  22. A device according to any of claims 19 to 21, characterised in that the compaction means (8) is coupled to the cooling means (9).
  23. A device according to any of claims 19 to 22, characterised in that the energy-supply means (7) and/or the compaction means (8) and/or the cooling means (9) can be brought into direct contact at the surface (17) of the wooden workpiece (1) or wood-like workpiece.
  24. A device according to any of claims 19 to 23, characterised in that the workpiece receiver (4) is provided with a conditioning means (5) for the wooden workpiece (1,1') or wood-like workpiece, which conditioning means is designed as a drying means and/or heating means.
  25. A device according to any of Claims 19 to 24, characterised in that the energy-supply means (7) is designed as a means acting upon a counter workpiece (19), which means produce a frictional relative motion between the counter workpiece (19) and a wooden workpiece (1) or wood-like workpiece.
  26. A device according to claim 25, characterised in that the frictional relative motion is oriented parallel to the surface (17) of a wooden workpiece (1) or wood-like workpiece, which surface is to be treated.
  27. A device according to claim 25 or 26, characterised in that the frictional relative motion is oriented about vertically to the surface (17) of a wooden workpiece (1) or wood-like workpiece, which surface is to be treated.
  28. A device according to any of claims 19 to 27, characterised in that the counter workpiece (19) has a smooth surface, such as a metallic or mirrored surface, by means of which it can be brought into direct contact with the surface of the wooden workpiece (1) or wood-like workpiece.
  29. A device according to any of claims 25 to 27, characterised in that the counter workpiece is also designed as a wooden workpiece (1') or wood-like workpiece and both wooden workpieces (1, 1') or wood-like workpieces can be brought into direct contact with their contact surfaces to be connected.
  30. A device according to any of claims 19 to 29 characterised in that a further station comprising a vaporisation means for vaporising a compacted wooden workpiece (1,1') or wood-like workpiece is provided.
  31. A device according to any of claims 19 to 30, characterised by a testing device for non-destructive testing of the treated wooden workpiece (I, T) or wood-like workpiece.
  32. A device according to any of claims 19 to 31 characterised in that the device is provided with an enclosure (21) attached to a gas-supply line (22), preferably to a supply means for anaerobic gas, at least in the region of the energy-supply means (7) and preferably also in the region of the compaction means (8).
  33. A device according to any of claims 20 to 32, characterised in that the conveyor (10) comprises two conveyor belt facilities (II, 12) whose conveyor belts (I 3) are arranged opposite each other in such a way that at least one wooden workpiece (I. 3 I') or wood-like workpiece is insertable by the opposing strands (14) of the conveyor belts (13), which are actuatable in one and the same direction and at one and the same speed, which wooden workpiece (1,1") or wood-like workpiece can be conveyed, via the opposing Strands (14), to the energy-supply means (7) and further to the compaction means (8) and cooling means (9) as well as to an optionally provided testing device and to an optionally provided vaporisation means.
  34. A device according to claim 33, characterised in that one of the two conveyor belt facilities (12) comprises two conveyor belts (13,16) arranged one after the other in the machine direction and actuatable in the same direction, between which a supply means for a further wooden workpiece (1') or wood-like workpiece and/or an energy-supply means (7) is/are provided.
EP05706178A 2004-02-04 2005-02-04 Method for compacting a surface of a piece of wood and device therefor Revoked EP1711320B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT05706178T ATE409557T1 (en) 2004-02-04 2005-02-04 METHOD FOR COMPACTING A SURFACE OF A WOODEN WORKPIECE AND DEVICE THEREFOR

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0016104A AT503091A2 (en) 2004-02-04 2004-02-04 METHOD FOR COMPRESSING A SURFACE OF A WOODEN WORKPIECE AND DEVICE THEREFOR
PCT/AT2005/000034 WO2005075165A1 (en) 2004-02-04 2005-02-04 Method for compacting a surface of a piece of wood and device therefor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1711320A1 EP1711320A1 (en) 2006-10-18
EP1711320B1 true EP1711320B1 (en) 2008-10-01

Family

ID=34831627

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05706178A Revoked EP1711320B1 (en) 2004-02-04 2005-02-04 Method for compacting a surface of a piece of wood and device therefor

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7896992B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1711320B1 (en)
AT (2) AT503091A2 (en)
DE (1) DE502005005528D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005075165A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111098366A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-05 太尔化工（南京）有限公司 Preparation process of parallel bamboo strip laminated timber by using bamboo wood

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DE102006043948A1 (en) * 2006-09-14 2008-04-17 Johannes Schulte Floor panel has support plate and upper-lateral surface layer from genuine wood, and wooden counter layer is provided between surface layer and support plate
DE202008015878U1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2010-04-15 Homag Holzbearbeitungssysteme Ag Device for coating workpieces
DE102013216113A1 (en) 2013-08-14 2015-03-05 Homag Holzbearbeitungssysteme Gmbh coating unit
CN106272765B (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-07-07 怀化市恒裕竹木开发有限公司 One kind flattens equipment and its production method automatically for thick bamboo tube
JP2022182813A (en) * 2021-05-28 2022-12-08 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Compression dehydrating device, woody raw material working vehicle, and manufacturing method of compressed woody raw material

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DE636413C (en) * 1936-10-08 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Process for the production of compacted wooden objects
BE375311A (en) * 1929-12-13
BE502286A (en) * 1949-07-07
DE853402C (en) 1949-07-07 1952-10-23 Dynamit Nobel Ag Process and device for the continuous production and treatment of preferably flat materials
DE29609056U1 (en) 1996-05-20 1996-11-07 Suthoff, Burkhardt, Dr., 48431 Rheine Friction-welded joints of wood
DE19620273C2 (en) 1996-05-20 1999-06-10 Burkhardt Prof Dr Dr Suthoff Process for friction welding and joining wood
CN1082419C (en) * 1998-03-11 2002-04-10 安善泰 Compressing method and equipment for raising hardness and strength of wood
CH694058A5 (en) * 1999-06-18 2004-06-30 Woodwelding Ag Fabric conclusive Connect.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111098366A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-05 太尔化工（南京）有限公司 Preparation process of parallel bamboo strip laminated timber by using bamboo wood

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2005075165A1 (en) 2005-08-18
EP1711320A1 (en) 2006-10-18
AT503091A2 (en) 2007-07-15
DE502005005528D1 (en) 2008-11-13
ATE409557T1 (en) 2008-10-15
US20080277022A1 (en) 2008-11-13
US7896992B2 (en) 2011-03-01

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