Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
  • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
  • G06K19/07766—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement
  • G06K19/07769—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement the further communication means being a galvanic interface, e.g. hybrid or mixed smart cards having a contact and a non-contact interface
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
  • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
  • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
  • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
  • G06Q20/355—Personalisation of cards for use
  • G06Q20/3552—Downloading or loading of personalisation data
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
  • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
  • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
  • G06Q20/356—Aspects of software for card payments
  • G06Q20/3563—Software being resident on card
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
  • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
  • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
  • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
  • G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system

Definitions

• the invention relates to the secure operation within a smart portable object, of a contactless communication interface simultaneously with a contact or galvanic communication interface. It also relates to the secure operation of an application whose data pass through the contactless interface simultaneously to a separate application whose data pass through the galvanic interface. Fully simultaneous information on changes in status is referred to here.
• the invention also applies to an intelligent object comprising at least two interfaces, of the same type or of different type. First, let's talk about known techniques and their terminology. A distinction should be made here between intelligent portable objects on the one hand, and electronic data transmission terminals on the other.
• Intelligent portable objects are for example smart cards, electronic tickets, so-called “dongle” cards or other modules such as those for proximity (eg: NFC) or semi-proximity (eg: BlueTooth) communication. These objects are subject to standards which impose structure and functioning on them.
• the objects in question here meet standards, described in detail below: - ISO7816.3 relative to the galvanic communication interface, in particular chapters 5.2 (Activation), and paragraphs 532 (so-called cold initialization “RST” - see Figure 2), 533 and 534 (clock pause known as "CLK”; description of modes requiring to bear this interruption);
• the object also meets the standards: - ISO.IEC14443 relative to the contactless communication interface, in particular chapter 611 (response time called "FDT”); and - 3GPPTS11.11 relative to so-called "SIM” or similar objects, to be inserted in a terminal, in particular chapter 43 (galvanic communication interface).
• the contactless interface includes an antenna: integrated into a module of this object; and or ; integrated into a card body of this object; and or ; integrated into the terminal to be secured, and connected by galvanic terminal block. Therefore, the intelligent portable objects concerned here are structurally in contact and without contact; they are called “CombiCard” or object with dual interface. In other words, these objects have both: - means and steps for remote communication via a contactless interface, with one or more electronic data transmission terminals and / or other remote portable objects; as well as - means and steps of communication by galvanic or contact connection via a galvanic or ohmic interface called "contact".
• the contactless interface is at least partly internal to the object.
• a card having on the one hand a first interface with contact with its dedicated chip, and on the other hand a second contactless interface with a chip different from the contact chip, which is also dedicated.
• "Twin” or “Hybrid” objects are not affected by the invention. Indeed, they do not allow data exchange between contact and contactless chips. Neither fully simultaneous operation. Now let's talk about the transmission terminals concerned by the invention. These terminals are for example cellular telephones (eg:
• the terminals referred to here are not restrictively secured by an object in physical format "SIM".
• Certain embodiments of these terminals are capable (means and steps) of their own wireless communication. This communication complies for example with GSM, 3GPP, UMTS, CDMA or similar standards. It is for the sake of simplicity that in the examples, the terminal and the object comply with the 3GPPTS11.11 standard, in particular in chapter 412 as regards the physical format "SIM". Specific characteristics set out below with regard to documents of the prior art are integrated into the description.
• the document FR2776788 relates to memory cards with multiple applications, capable of being connected to the terminals dedicated to an application contained in the card.
• a classified configuration table is produced in the card. This table is used to access for recording, for each application, the first byte address of the message (ATR - TOTAL SOLIDS) and, in a memory, the message address of other bytes.
• the configuration table is addressed by circular indexing to each "Reset" signal (MaZ) transmitted by the terminal and thereby feeds the messages (ATR) to the terminal for analysis. This indexing is maintained as long as the terminal has not identified a message corresponding to the application to which it is dedicated.
• An object of the invention is to allow operation of a contact interface simultaneously with a contactless interface, in all states and according to all the transitions useful for cohabitation (we then say that it is "fully used simultaneously” ), or even data exchange, between a contact application and another contactless application.
• the invention also applies to an intelligent object comprising at least two interfaces. In particular at least two contact interfaces or two contactless interfaces or a mixture of the two. For example an interface according to one of the versions of PISO7816 and an interface for object of type MMC
• the term "transaction” designates the transmission of at least one order from the terminal to the object, as part of an application (eg: payment, identity, telephony, access).
• an application eg: payment, identity, telephony, access
• the contactless interface is in progress the procedure for starting an application according to ISO7816.3 via the contact interface and therefore by the secure terminal using of the portable object, plans in particular to supply electric current to this object, to provide it with a clock and to activate the setting to zero (MaZ) of the contact interface. This ends the contactless application.
• a problem encountered then is that the chip is currently reinitialized due to the mandatory activation of the reset (MaZ) of the contact interface. This is to ensure that a transaction in progress via the contactless interface continues to proceed normally. In other words, we seek to allow the maintenance of a contactless transaction in progress, during the operation of the contact interface.
• Another problem encountered involves two transitions that are currently impossible. According to one of these currently impossible transitions, the object is processing an application for the benefit of the contactless interface, and -the object- is requested by the terminal via the contact interface, so that this contactless application is processed simultaneously with another contact application which must start for the benefit of the terminal.
• Another problem encountered relates to a superficial state of sleep, according to which the power supply coming from the contact interface of the object is limited (standards), while simultaneously resources coming from the two interfaces -to and contactless- are required by the object. Also affected are transitions to and from this state.
• a sleep state is in current practice, relatively to the active states.
• the object it is not uncommon for the object to be in a state of sleep during 95% of the time of use of this terminal.
• the only resources available are a reduced power supply, as well as an external clock signal from the contact interface.
• Another problem encountered relates to an object having two or more interfaces (Contact, contactless, USB, etc.) and intended for the simultaneous use of at least two of these interfaces.
• This problem is related to the fact that an application executing in the object is not able to determine which are and in which state are the active interfaces (ie: how many and which of the interfaces provides power and / or clock).
• an application embedded in the object is not currently able to take the necessary decisions according to the state of the interfaces. As a result, this application cannot function properly (for example, cancel a transaction initiated on an interface that has prematurely deactivated). This is the case during a pullout.
• An object relates to a method allowing simultaneous operation of applications on at least two communication and / or power supply interfaces with contacts and / or without contact of an intelligent portable object, said object implementing state transitions of operating conditions or variations in operating status.
• the method is distinguished in that it comprises a step of controlling transitions or variations in status comprising a step of informing about transitions or variations in status and / or a step of configuring the object before putting it on in place of fully simultaneous operation of applications.
• the control is ensured by a resource controller and / or the processor block and / or one of the applications.
• the contact interface conforms to a version of ISO 7816.
• the immunity step comprises at least one phase forming a power controller, which perceives the appearance and / or the disappearance of resources, for example in real time.
• the phase forming the power controller generates an interrupt to an interrupt controller, when the availability state of at least one resource varies.
• the phase forming the power controller is able to generate or not, an interruption during transitions between states; especially for: - Transition from a low consumption state, to a power supply via the contactless interface: the interruption takes place if the voltage via this interface is higher than a threshold voltage; - Transition from a supply via the contactless interface to the cessation of this supply: the interruption takes place when the voltage received by the contactless interface is below a threshold voltage; - Transition from a supply via the contactless interface to a supply via the contact interface: the interruption takes place; and - Transition or zeroing sequence controlled by the contact interface, with supply via the contact interface: the interruption takes place.
• this method comprises at least one immediate warning step, for fully simultaneous management aimed at power and / or clock resources.
• the immediate warning step provides for a phase of switching resources so that they are, at least in part, punctured via the contactless interface.
• the immediate warning step provides for a phase of switching resources so that they are, at least in part, punctured via the contact interface.
• this method provides for at least one transaction maintenance step, with at least one delay and / or simulation phase of zeroing, ordered by the contact interface during a transition aimed at resetting the chip during a resource shift.
• a delay phase during which the execution of instructions from the chosen code generates, for example, a delay command by sending a single byte of the usual command in response to the activation of the reset.
• a delay command with resumption of functions occurs after a predefined number of clock cycles, eg of the order of 400 to 40,000 clock cycles.
• this method provides at least one logical phase forming a sleep controller so that the chip conforms to constraints of low consumption during sleep states.
• this logical phase forming the sleep controller provides that from the contact interface: In superficial sleep states, less than 200 ⁇ A must be punctured; In deep sleep states, should be punctured less than lOO ⁇ A.
• the other contactless standard is the standard
• Another object of the invention is an information device fully simultaneous with changes in status, for an intelligent portable object with at least dual interface, provided with a chip; This object being able to communicate with at least one electronic data transmission terminal via a contact interface, and / or contactless; This device being such that: the terminal is connected to the object via the contact interface in order to be secured by the object and in a dual interface operating state, the contact and contactless interfaces operating in same time ; at least one transition causing a variation of at least one status for the object; The device is distinguished in that it comprises at least means for informing the chip capable of reproducing variations in status, with at least one functional block forming a power controller, which provides a configuration / information enabling operation to be fully simultaneous applications using the contact and / or contactless interface
• the immunity means comprise: a diode for limiting the power consumed from the contactless interface, and a logic gate ensuring the switching between two power consumption modes (via contact interface or via contactless interface)
• the immunity means comprise: at least one wired mechanism capable of detecting the presence of a power resource from the contact interface and from the contactless interface; this mechanism having at least two registers using which the immunity means inform the state of power resources; so that any modification to these registers results in an alert signal, for example in the form of an interruption; wiring connecting the mechanism to a processor block, so that the immunity means, after consulting the registers, then select the power source used.
• the immunity means comprise a wired mechanism present in the chip ensuring that the selected source supplies electricity to the chip.
• the immunity means comprise at least one functional block forming a power controller, which perceives the appearance and / or the disappearance of resources.
• the immunity means comprise means for fully simultaneous management of the power and / or clock and / or timer resources.
• the device comprises means of immediate warning, for fully simultaneous management aimed at power and / or clock resources.
• the immediate warning means provide at least one functional block allowing resource switches so that they are, at least in part, punctured via the contactless interface.
• the immediate warning means provide at least one functional block allowing switching of resources so that they are, at least in part, punctured via the contact interface.
• this device comprises means for maintaining the transaction, with at least one delay element and / or simulation of zeroing ordered by the contact interface, during a transition aimed at resetting the chip during a switchover Resource.
• this device comprises means of immunity to variations in the power source.
• these immunity means choose the origin of the power supply of the chip, from: - A power origin (VCC) of the contact interface (7); and / or - A power source from the antenna (4); and / or - A power source by combination of sources, for example via a power source function.
• this device provides at least one functional block forming a power controller, according to the status of the power resources.
• this functional block comprises cabling or the like, supplying the chip with appropriate voltage and power, informing this chip of the appearance and / or disappearance of supply resources from the contact interfaces. and / or contactless.
• this device comprises a functional block forming a sleep controller, of conformation of the chip to constraints of low consumption during sleep states.
• this functional block forming a sleep controller conforms the supply from the contact interface: In superficial sleep states, less than 200 ⁇ A; and in deep sleep states, less than 100 ⁇ A.
• Another object of the invention is a transmission terminal, comprising at least one connection by galvanic contact to a portable object. intelligent with dual interface, with a contact interface allowing the object to secure this terminal.
• This object is provided with a chip and being able to communicate with the terminal via the contact interface according to ISO7816.3 standard; the object being further provided with a contactless interface communicating according to another contactless standard.
• This terminal is able to participate in the implementation of the method, and / or to receive the object comprising the device, mentioned above.
• the terminal forms a: cell phone (eg: GSM, 3GPP; UMTS; CDMA; Etc.) and / or portable personal assistant (eg: PDA); and / or decoding box; and / or computer.
• Another object of the invention is an intelligent portable object capable of participating in the implementation of the method, and / or of receiving the object comprising the device, and / or of being connected to a terminal, mentioned above.
• the object is dual interface, and provided with a chip; this object being able to communicate with at least one electronic data transmission terminal via a contact interface according to ISO7816.3, as well as contactless via a contactless interface and according to another contactless standard; this process providing that: the terminal is secured by the object via the contact interface.
• the object comprises: a body inside which a cutting contour is formed, a detachable substrate retained by at least one breaking bridge and delimited by the contour; a chip being disposed within the detachable substrate; a contactless interface connected to the chip and comprising an antenna extended in the body; and means for deactivating the interface, having a conductor which bypasses the antenna and whose rupture allows the interface to operate in a de-inhibited state.
• the object comprises: a source of energy embedded in the object such as a solar collector or an accumulator, format for substitution of energy resources from contact or contactless interfaces.
• the object exclusively comprises energy resources from the contact or contactless interfaces, and is therefore devoid of any on-board energy source.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of longitudinal elevation, which illustrates an example of intelligent portable object with contactless interface according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of longitudinal elevation, which illustrates an example according to the invention of terminal in the form of portable assistant with cellular communication, secured by insertion of an intelligent portable object, with links of: data input / output by galvanic contact; clock (called “Clk”); mass (called “Gnd”); power supply (called “Vcc”); external antenna input-output; Zeroing (called “MaZ”).
• FIG. 3 is a schematic view which illustrates the operation of the invention, where the object is inserted into a terminal here in the form of cell phone or the like, a contactless link (eg: RF; NFC; BlueTooth; WiFi) being established between this object and a contactless terminal, while another connection (eg: GSM; 3GPP; UMTS; CDMA) secured via a contact interface of the object is established with a terminal in the form of a cellular telephone, - even connected to a network of other terminals.
• a contactless link eg: RF; NFC; BlueTooth; WiFi
• another connection eg: GSM; 3GPP; UMTS; CDMA
• FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view from above, of a circuit part within an object according to the invention and connected to a terminal to be secured, with a diode limiting the power consumed from the interface without contact, and a logic gate ensuring the switching between two power consumption modes (via galvanic interface or via contactless interface).
• This part of the circuit therefore forms means of selection by the application, and illustrates the appropriate steps, without contacting the external resources to be used (electrical power) in the event of triggering of a "Clock Pause" mode (here called "PauseH").
• - Figure 5 is a schematic top plan view of a circuit part within an object according to the invention and connected to a terminal to be secured, with resistors for absorbing excess electrical power , and logic means ensuring the switching between two power consumption modes (via galvanic interface or via contactless interface).
• This circuit part forms at least in part means for selecting the external resources to be used in order to allow a contactless application to operate without consuming resources (power) from the contact interface when the latter requires it.
• - Figure 6 is a schematic logical graph, which illustrates conventional steps and transitions within an object inserted in a terminal, as found in practice. We note in particular (2) inaccessible conventional stages, as well as (5) impossible conventional transitions.
• FIG. 7 is a schematic logic graph similar to that of Figure 6, but which illustrates steps and transitions according to the invention.
• - Figure 8 is a logic diagram of the wiring and software architecture of a chip for intelligent portable object according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular capable of determining which are and in which state are the active interfaces.
• an intelligent portable object is designated at 1.
• Such objects 1 are for example smart cards, electronic tickets, so-called “dongle” cards or other modules such as those for proximity (eg: NFC) or semi-proximity (eg: BlueTooth) communication.
• FIGS. 2 to 5 These are secure, non-removable and “portable” objects, ie capable of being put in a pocket due to their smaller dimensions than those of electronic data transmission terminals 2. Examples of such objects 1 are illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 5. These objects 1 are able to communicate remotely with one or more electronic terminals 2 for data transmission and / or other objects 1, via a contactless interface 3. This interface 3 provides contactless communication via an antenna 4. Some of these terminals 2, eg cell phones, are
• the object 1 has the usual forms of smart card.
• This object 1 here comprises: a card body 5, inside or on the surface of which is inserted - possibly within a module - a chip 6 (FIG. 1); the antenna 4 of the contactless interface 3 which is connected to the chip 6.
• a galvanic contact interface 7 is also connected to the chip 6: it comprises a terminal block opening out to a main external surface of the body 5.
• the body 5 has an external form factor as defined by ISO7816, in which the object 1 itself is detachably integrated. Once the periphery of the body 5 detached, the object 1 itself has an external form factor as defined by the standard 3GPPTS11.11 (411 and 412) or GSM, and called "SIM".
• the terminal block for interface 7 is also defined by these standards. Here it has from six to eight contact pads (Figure 2) Cl, C2, C3, C5, C6 and C7. If necessary, this terminal block also includes areas C4 and C8.
• the ranges C4 and C8 are not used in the operation of a conventional cell phone terminal 2 called "GSM". These ranges 04 and C8 are according to standards, each connected to a port on the chip 6.
• the contactless interface 3 comprises an antenna 4 integrated into the terminal 2 to be secured, and connected via the galvanic link offered by the areas C4 and C8 of the contact interface 7.
• the antenna 4 is external to the object 1, as shown in FIG. 3.
• the data signals passing through the contact areas C2 and C7 in particular are digital signals called "digital" of binary type.
• modulated signals Hertzians for example
• These terminals 2 are for example (FIG. 3) cellular telephones (eg: GSM, 3GPP, UMTS, CDMA, etc.), portable personal assistants (eg: PDA as in FIG. 2), decoding box and computers, in particular within networks, or even interactive terminals or access control equipment (transport, infrastructure, IT equipment, etc.).
• PDA personal assistants
• decoding box and computers in particular within networks, or even interactive terminals or access control equipment (transport, infrastructure, IT equipment, etc.).
• These are removable electronic devices - and portable at best, that is to say easily transportable for example by a carrier 8-.
• All the terminals 2 according to the invention ie secured via the contact interface 7 by an object 1 as mentioned, are able to communicate remotely with other terminals 2 -for example those represented on the right in the figure 3- remotely, that is to say without contact.
• the contactless communication of these terminals 2 secured by an object 1 is illustrated by waves and designated at 9.
• Another communication called transaction or application, illustrated by arrows and designated at 10, is that without contact which is capable of object 1 via its interface 3 and therefore the antenna 4.
• Communication 9 also called application is to be distinguished from that of which object 1 is capable via its interface 3 and therefore antenna 4. Let us illustrate here the content of these communications 9 and 10 by the example of a cell phone terminal 2, equipped with an object 1 according to the invention.
• the communication 9 allows a secure purchase from the terminal 2, and from a service server such as that illustrated at the bottom left in FIG. 2 - which is itself connected to the cellular reception terminal represented by Terminal 2 at the top left.
• This purchase is recorded in the form of values, in the object 1.
• the communication 10 then makes it possible to debit on the fly the values thus purchased.
• FIG. 6 state of the art
• FIG. 7 invention
• Figure 8 see Figure 8 and the passages relating thereto infra.
• the latter is placed in various states including: - extinct state called “OFF”, illustrated at 11 in the figures, such that the object 1 is out of operation (ie “ off, off “), without data processing or power consumption; - working state called “ON”, that is to say in operation (12-18), allowing the management of interfaces 3 and 7 as well as the processing of applications (with contact 9 and without contact 10).
• a transient state of wakefulness called “IDLE”, which offers a practical solution to access sleep states exposed below.
• resources “VCC” and “RF” are mentioned as well as their possible statuses, explained now.
• VCC designates the electrical power supply of the object 1, which comes from the contact interface 7.
• VDD electrical supply of the object 1 comes from the contactless interface 3
• RF resource "RF"
• the "Stop / Active” statuses indicate that the contact interface 7 is respectively supplied with electrical power or not. In its Active state, the contact interface 7 provides electrical power to the object 1. In its Stop state, this contact interface 7 does not provide any electrical power supply.
• the contact interface 7 In its "Active" status (usually called “VCC ON"), the contact interface 7 at least supplies electric current to chip 6, this chip 6 being able to consume within the limits imposed which are usually sufficient for normal operation of the object 1; This is the case when the terminal 2 obtains that an application 9 using the contact interface 7 for the exchange of data and resources, is processed by the object 1.
• This "VCC” supply from the interface 7 is furthermore able to be placed in so-called “Low Consumption” status, as explained below.
• states 13, 14, 17, 18 are said to be “Low Consumption” which impose a maximum value of consumption punctuated by the object 1 via its contact interface 7:
• states of low consumption There are thus currently distinguished among the states of low consumption, the: - shallow sleep (called “LOW POWER VCC”); and - deep sleep (known as “LOW POWER VCC with Pause H”).
• NB "H" for Clock.
• power consumption is imposed when it draws its resources from the contact interface 7, in two constraining cases: - in deep sleep must be punctured via the contact interface 7, less than -ie at most- lOO ⁇ A; - in superficial sleep, must be punctured via the contact interface 7, less than -ie at most- 200 ⁇ A.
• the constraints of low consumption are respected during sleeps, by stopping the treatments and saving the data necessary for a subsequent resumption of these treatments. These necessary data are in particular the previous context (eg: data, registers). In this sleep state, currently, the chip 6 cannot process a contactless application.
• one of the aims of the invention is, once the chip 6 (according to the embodiments, by logic and / or wired means such as its "CPU” block) in sleep, to ensure the possibility to reach a working state in which its supply of electrical power comes in particular from the contactless interface 3, while respecting the limits imposed on consumption on the interface 7. Furthermore, the chip 6 is said to be in deep sleep with Clock Pause (called PauseH) ", when this chip 6 is in a state similar to superficial sleep, but without having a clock resource originating from the contact interface 7. Secondly, the resource "RF "indicates the state ("Stop / Active") of the contactless interface 3, which is of the Radio Frequency (RF) type in the example of the ISO14443 standard.
• RF Radio Frequency
• the contactless interface 3 In its Active state, the contactless interface 3 ensures a contactless transaction, that is to say a remote transaction, such as: - transmission and / or - reception of modulated signals (data, resources) and - processing of an application using in particular the data of these signals. In its Stop state, this contactless interface 3 does not carry out any transaction.
• the "Sleep" status indicates respectively ("No / Yes") if the chip 6 is not or is in a low consumption state on the contact interface 7. Quarto, the "PauseH” status indicates respectively ( “No / Yes") if the chip 6 is not or is supplied as an external clock signal, during the low consumption state, from the contact interface 7.
• Tables 1 and 2 above each illustrate the situation encountered in these states or transitions, with current objects 1 (1A and 1B).
• FIG. 6 we note in addition to the possible states and transitions (designated by: “OK"), as in FIG. 6: - two impossible states (17; 18) (designated by: “NOK”); and - twelve transitions (15.16; 16.15; 17.18; 18.17; 14.18; 18.14; 16.17; 17.16; 13.17; 17.13; 17.15; 18.15) impossible ("NOK").
• the left column of the graphs in Figures 6 and 7 illustrates the states related to the operation of the contact interface 7. While the right column illustrates the states related to the operation of the contactless interface 3. Note here that by default , when a reverse transition is not mentioned, it is simply a return path, and therefore does not require further explanation. And that in Figure 6, the (five) impossible transitions are illustrated by star outlines. While the (two) impossible states to reach are illustrated by a hatched frame. In addition to a state 11, the middle column (states 16, 17 and 18) describes desired states for an object 1 fully used simultaneously according to the invention. The states are illustrated by boxes, and the transitions between these states - possible or impossible - are illustrated by oriented arrows.
• the Disabled state 11 corresponds in the case of a cellular telephone terminal 2, to the situation according to which this terminal 2 is switched off and unusable as it is by the carrier 8. From the Disabled state 11, a transition 11.12 on Figures 6 and 7 achieves a state 12 according to which the object 1 is in operation via contact interface 7 (called: operating state via contact interface). This state 12 is called “in operation via contact interface”. In the example of the cell phone terminal 2, this usual transition 11.12 corresponds to the action of the carrier 8 which turns on its terminal 2.
• the terminal 2 addresses the object 1 via the terminal block of the interface 7, a reset signal (MaZ).
• the first bytes of a reset response protocol (called "ATR") are then sent by the object 1 to the terminal 2 via the interface 7. When these exchanges are successful, the object 1 is able to directly process commands from the interface 7, and from the terminal 2 secured by this object 1. From the operating state via contact interface 12, a transition
• transition 11.15 corresponds to the case where the antenna 4 is exposed to the field of a modulated signal without contact (eg: RF), this signal carries resources (energy and clock) as well as data under frame form.
• RF modulated signal without contact
• the antenna 4 is exposed to a modulated field without contact (energy and data), but where the object 1 does not have resources from the contact interface 7.
• This transition 11.15 leads to the state in operation via interface 3 without contact 15. Then, object 1 is able to directly process commands from interface 3.
• State 16 is called dual interface operation. In FIGS. 6 and 7, this state 16 corresponds to the situation according to which the contact interface 7 is in operation, just as the other contactless interface 3 is in operation. This state 16 is the only dual operating state currently possible, that is to say in which the contact 7 and contactless 3 interfaces operate at the same time. Note that in the objects 1 available to date, only the transitions 12.16 and 16.12 are possible (OK).
• transitions from state 15 as well as from new state 17 to state 16 are impossible (NOK).
• transitions 12.16 and 16.12 it is necessary to have the contact and non-contact interfaces (7 and 3) coexist as well as the applications 9 and 10 using these interfaces, respectively. Due in particular to the impossible transitions mentioned above, we cannot speak with current interfaces and applications, of full and simultaneous use.
• the transition 12.16 corresponds to the case - always in the example of the cellular terminal 2 - where the contact interface 7 functions (resource and application 9) while the antenna 4 penetrates into a field perceived by the contactless interface 3 ( transaction 10). Let us evoke here the transition currently impossible 16.16.
• the problem encountered during this so-called “hot zeroing” transition 16.16 is that it does not really reinitialize the chip 6, unlike the effect currently induced by the zeroing signal (MaZ) received from the contact interface 7.
• the terms "hot” and "cold” are defined in particular in ISO7816.3. This is to ensure that a transaction in progress via the contactless interface continues to proceed normally.
• the invention proposes means 101 and / or steps for maintaining the contactless transaction in progress, during the putting into operation of the contact interface 7. These means are circuits within the chip 6 and / or logical instructions. Within state 16, the invention distinguishes various cases, depending on the origin of the resources consumed by the chip 6.
• the power supply of the chip 6 can originate from:. VCC ie from contact interface 7; .
• the clock supplied to chip 6 can originate from:. The contact interface 7; .
• An internal clock generator, such as that in FIG. 8 is designated at 113 and detailed below.
• the invention thus makes it possible, within state 16 and therefore during simultaneous processing of the applications, to change the source of supply and / or of the clock, according to the necessities of the moment, and without risk of updating. untimely zero.
• the means 101 and / or steps for maintaining the transaction are also called "Fa e Reset".
• These means 101 and / or holding steps (101) provide in particular at least one physical element and / or logical phase of delay and / or simulation of zeroing, ordered by the contact interface 7 when it is started or analogous zero-setting situations.
• These means 101 and / or holding step comprise in one example at least one element and / or phase for detecting zero setting, in the example of FIG.
• the holding means 101 are connected at the input to a functional block 107 and / or an equivalent logic phase, which operates the detection in question.
• This block 107 is described later in detail.
• a logic maintenance phase also operates a zero detection.
• This logical phase includes an interrupt processing routine. Note that on initial powering of the chip 6, whatever its source (interface 3 or 7), a reset must nevertheless be able to take place. Such a zeroing aims at starting the chip 6 cleanly, and is not operated by the means 101 and / or holding steps.
• Such holding means 101 illustrated in FIG. 8 are sometimes called in practice "interrupt controller block".
• At least one element and / or phase of delaying the instructions for resetting the means (101) and / or holding step comprises a memory zone address, with a chosen code.
• This memory area receives instructions from the chosen code, the execution of which generates - eg using resources of the means 101 - commands for, depending on the embodiments: - timeout blocking via the contact interface 7, by example by sending a single byte of usual response command ("ATR") to the activation of the zero setting; and / or - continuation of the application using the contactless interface 3; and / or - keeping in memory without erasing, of data useful for this contactless application; and / or - verification of the active state of the contact interface 7; and / or - resumption of the functions required for the contact interface 7, for example by sending a series of response control bytes ("ATR").
• this recovery occurs after a predefined number of clock cycles, eg of the order of 400 to 40,000 clock cycles.
• a transition 15.16 - from zeroing (MaZ) - from state 15 in operation via the contactless interface 3 to state 16 of dual interface operation is impossible.
• an untimely reset is inevitable.
• a reverse transition 16.15 is also made possible by the invention.
• the object 1 is initially processing an application for the benefit of the contactless interface 3, and the object 1- is requested by the terminal 2 via the contact interface 7.
• Tel is for example the case for a terminal 2 forming a cellular telephone (the contact application securing a telephone conversation) and where the contactless application aims for access -transport, premises, etc.-: It is currently not possible to start a transaction to be secured by object 1 via the contact interface 7, while an application such as access authorization is already in progress via the contactless interface 3. In general to date, the contactless application is aborted abruptly, because the start of an application for the benefit of terminal 2 via the contact interface 7 causes a reset (MaZ) of chip 6. And often the loss of data useful to the application without touching.
• MaZ reset
• the invention provides in embodiments means 102 and / or immediate warning step. These means 102 and / or warning step then complement, or even replace, the means 101 and / or maintenance step. The means 102 and / or warning step thus ensure correct operation of the chip 6 in state 16. Furthermore, following the transition 16.15, the object 1 is initially requested via the contact interface 7 for one application, as well as simultaneously via the contactless interface 3 for another application. Currently, if the contact application then stops, an untimely zeroing occurs.
• transition 12.16 state 16 in dual interface operation, can only be reached via transition 12.16.
• transition 12.16 possible to state 16 -as well as for the reverse transition (to state 12) - a message must be transmitted to the application (respectively 10 and 9 for inverse).
• the transition 15.16 impossible means that in the example of a cellular terminal 2, it is therefore impossible to put this terminal 2 into operation while a transaction 10 is in progress via the contactless interface 3.
• An illustration is the purchase of a transport ticket operated via the contactless interface 3
• the risk is then to lose the data of the transaction 10 in progress via the contactless interface 3, and to cause inconvenience to the carrier 8 (access to the means of transport refused or delayed).
• the chip 6 causes the reset (MaZ) as soon as a transition to a "Active or" Stop “state of the” VCC "supply occurs via the contact interface 7.
• the other impossible transition 16.15 corresponds - example of the cellular terminal 2 - to the case where the state 16 of dual interface operation once reached from state 12, the supply of this terminal 2 (batteries, accumulators, chargers , sensors, etc.) is interrupted during a transaction 10 via the interface 3.
• the transaction via the contactless interface 3 is suddenly cut, with the risks common in this case (given losses, discomfort, etc.)
• the solutions proposed by the invention for one and the other of the transitions 15.16 and 16.15 avoid any abrupt interruption of the current transaction via the contactless interface 3.
• the operating system thus warned, is able to operate this transition 15.16 while preserving communication, data, etc.
• this transition 15.16 calls for: "clean" interruption of one or other of the applications 9 or 10; pause on either of these applications 9 or 10; timed back and forth between one or other of these applications 9 or 10, etc.
• the means 102 and / or warning steps allow the contactless application to save essential data (ie: necessary for a subsequent recovery). Such a backup is often called a "back-up".
• the invention provides for a pause of the contactless transaction 10, the sending of a message to the application 9 in order to indicate to it that the contact interface 7 is active.
• the application 9 then processes the data from this contact interface 7. Any untimely zeroing is inhibited, then a request to share resources (in particular processing) as soon as possible between the two applications 9 and 10 present ( initial contact application and incoming contactless transaction), is sent.
• the transition 16.15 according to the invention provides (via means and / or stages) an element and / or phase of switching resources so that they are punctured via the contactless interface 3.
• warning means immediate 102 take on FIG. 8, the form of a functional block sometimes called "UART".
• These means 102 represent the serial communication devices conforming to the ISO7816 standard for the contact interface 7, as well as to a standard such as ISO14443 for the contactless interface 3.
• interruptions are generated in particular when a reception buffer called "buffer" is considered to be full. That is to say that a protocol frame has been correctly received and can be processed by an operating system of the chip 6. This allows in particular the application using the contact interface
• the means 102 and / or warning step include / operate at least one element / initialization phase, which includes: - detection of a source without touching ; then - detection of data from a demodulation; - anti-collision; Within a modulator - demodulator (MODEM) a contactless source is transformed into binary form; an initialization is then carried out and for example an anti-collision treatment is carried out; and - once the frame is considered to have been correctly received and the previous steps carried out normally, the usual processing operations are authorized.
• MODEM modulator - demodulator
• a functional block 104 groups together the modulator - demodulator (MODEM) and anti-collision processing elements. It can be seen that in this example, the block 104 is connected via the contact pads C4 and C8.
• MODEM modulator - demodulator
• FIGS. 6 and 7 Let us now evoke a state 17 of pending field capture, illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7. This state 17 is impossible to reach (in particular from states 13 and 16) with a current object 1. This state 17 is often achieved thanks to the invention, since the state 13 of superficial sleep. In this state 17 close to that of superficial sleep, the power supply from the contact interface 7 is limited, while simultaneously resources from the contactless interface 3 are required by the object 1.
• This state 17 appears when an application is operated for the contactless interface 3, while the supply of electrical power to the object 1 from its contact interface 7 is limited.
• the contact application is awaiting an order from the terminal 2, as part of the transaction in progress. In other words, it involves processing an application via the contactless interface 3 while the object 1 is on the side of its contact interface 7, in superficial sleep. Then, the supply of electrical power to the object 1 via the contact interface 7 becomes contrary to notably normative constraints.
• the invention allows in state 17 a contactless application to operate without consuming resources (power) from the contact interface 7, when the standards imposed on this interface 7 require it.
• the object 1 draws its power supply from the contactless interface 3, by rectifying the modulated signal picked up by the antenna 4.
• the existing standards oppose the use of power from the interface 7 - and therefore the terminal 2- in certain cases including those which follow. So that the object 1 can draw its electrical supply from the contactless interface 3, an embodiment of the invention provides steps and / or means 103 of immunity to variations in the power source.
• FIG. 4 illustrates a part of the circuit within an object 1 according to the invention, connected to a terminal 2 to be secured.
• the means 103 and / or steps of immunity to variations in the power source comprise, according to this embodiment, such a circuit part, with: - a diode 20 for limiting the power consumed from the contactless interface 3, and - a logic gate 21 ensuring switching between two power consumption modes (via contact interface 7 or via contactless interface 3).
• This realization of the means 103 and / or immunity steps thus allows the selection by the operating system of the external resources to be used (electrical power) in the state 17 compatible with superficial sleep.
• the means 103 and / or immunity steps choose, according to the invention, the origin of the supply of the chip 6, from among: VCC ie from contact interface 7; .
• the immunity means 103 are provided with a wired mechanism (called Ml below - cf. FIG. 8) which makes it possible to detect the presence of a supply coming from the contact interface 7 (Vcc) and a power supply from the contactless interface 3 (Vdd). Using this mechanism (Ml), the status (see Tables 1A and 1B: Active / Stop) of the power supplies (Vcc and Vdd) is entered using two registers (later called RI and R2 - see Figure 8).
• any modification of the RI and / or R2 registers results in an alert signal (for example in the form of an interruption ).
• the operating system of the chip 6 after having consulted the registers RI and R2, or having been warned of a change of state of one of these two registers (interruption), then selects the power source used ( Vcc or Vdd).
• Another wired mechanism (later called M2 - see Figure 8) is present in chip 6. This wired mechanism (M2) ensures that the one and only selected source is used to supply electricity to chip 6.
• the means 103 comprise a functional block 107 and / or a logic phase, here called the power controller or "PWR", and another functional block 106 and / or an equivalent logic phase, which forms the sleep controller.
• PWR power controller
• the mechanisms M1 and M2, as well as the registers RI and R2 - and / or the equivalent logical steps - correspond in the embodiments of the invention, functionally to this block 107.
• the contact areas - Cl (VCC: power supply from the contact interface 7); - C2 (RST: MaZ reset); - C3 (CLK: clock from the contact interface 7); and - C5 (GND: earthing via the contact interface 7);
• This power supply controller block 107 of the means 103 has the function of supplying the chip 6 with appropriate voltage and power. And to inform the chip 6 of the appearance and / or disappearance of power resources from the interface 7 with contacts or 3 without contact.
• the inputs mentioned allow the means 103 to receive on the one hand a voltage coming from the contact interface 7 via the range C1 (Vcc).
• these inputs allow via a wiring 105 to route a voltage (Vdd) coming from the modulator - demodulator of the means 104, from the contactless interface 3.
• Vdd voltage
• CLK clock signals external
• RST - MaZ request for zeroing
• MaZ zeroing sequences
• these inputs of the means 103 take in terms of signal, the form of a temporal combination of voltage from the contact interface 7 (Vcc), digital clock signal (CLK), and digital signal zero setting (RST).
• This block 107 also contains at least one configuration / information register (in this embodiment the registers RI and R2, FIG. 8) allowing the application executed by the processor block 108 (CPU) of the chip 6, to which block 107 is connected, to: - know which voltage source is available (via 3 and / or 7) - select the source (via 3 and / or 7) to be used in a given situation for powering the chip 6 (ie via 3 or 7 or mixed).
• the block 107 and / or phase forming the power supply controller of the means 103, as illustrated, also has outputs.
• the block 107 is in a state such that as long as at least one external voltage source (via 3 and / or 7) is present, this block 107 supplies the entire chip 6 with an appropriate voltage, generated from one of (or a mixture of the two) input voltages (via
• the block 107 and / or phase forming the power controller does not generate a zeroing signal intended for the block 108 (CPU) as long as this condition is fulfilled.
• a source of energy on board the object 1 such as a solar collector or an accumulator, if the two sources (via 3 and / or 7) disappear, the chip 6 is no longer supplied.
• block 107 and / or phase forming the power supply controller provides warnings in embodiments, which indicate the appearance of a power supply coming from the contactless interface 3.
• the operating system being thus warned, it triggers an initialization of the contactless transaction, by the functional block 104 and / or equivalent logic phases. Then, this operating system resumes processing of the contact application. This initialization sequence is processed in the background without disturbing the contact application.
• the means 102 and / or logical warning step then warns the operating system that data to be processed is available for the contactless application.
• block 107 generates an interrupt to block 101 which here acts as interrupt controller, when the availability status of the sources (via 3 and / or 7) changes, and more particularly according to the following transitions
• - Supply via contact interface 7 transition 16.15 from Active to Stop: only makes sense if chip 6 is still supplied via interface 3.
• - Supply via contactless interface 3 transition 13.17 or 14.18 from Stop to Active: the interruption takes place only if the voltage via the contactless interface 3 and higher than a threshold voltage.
• the value of this threshold voltage is slightly higher than a minimum operating voltage of the chip 6 sometimes called "POR”.
• - Supply via contactless interface 3 transition 17.13 or 18.14 from Active to Stop: the interruption takes place when the voltage received by contactless interface 3 is less than a threshold voltage.
• the value of the critical voltage is predetermined to ensure a transfer - as fast as possible and without risk of complete cessation, of the contactless power supply (ie via 3) - of the power supply from the contactless interface 3 towards that which comes from the contact interface 7.
• the chip 6 is put to sleep.
• a tearing, and therefore the disappearance of the energy source from the contactless interface 3 is not instantaneous but progressive.
• early warning signs of a tearing are easily perceptible by the object 1.
• we observe first during a tearing a decrease in the power available via the antenna 4, below the threshold voltage. A certain period of time necessarily passes before the power from the antenna 4 becomes equal to or less than the minimum operating voltage of the chip 6.
• APDU Application Protocol Data Unit
• the two interfaces 7 and contactless contact 3 operate simultaneously, to notice the loss of power on one of these two interfaces 7 or 3 (case called “semi-tearing").
• the contact interface 7 While the contact interface 7 is in superficial - even deep - sleep state, ensure the transition 17.13 or 18.14 so that the contact interface 7 is in sleep mode, when the power is supplied via the antenna 4 disappears.
• the means 103 and / or logical power control steps - for example the block 107 in particular - send an initialization signal to the reset connector of the block 108 (CPU).
• This enables it to be implemented in particular by switching it on from the determined source via the means 103.
• the means 103 it seems preferable for the means 103 to inhibit the In this example, a digital signal coming from the contact pad C2 (RST) is seen in the example of FIG. 8 by the means and / or steps.
• controllers - block 107 in the embodiment of Figure 8 - because a link is provided to these means and / or steps. In Figure 8, this link is wired.
• a reset request sequence originating from the contact interface 7 causes an interrupt to the block 101 interrupt controller, in the same way as any other peripheral.
• An application whose data use the contact interface 7 can thus use this signal to determine whether or not it is necessary to send a response to a reset request (ATR) message. via a universal asynchronous transmission - reception block 109 dedicated to the contact interface 7, and to which the contact pad C7 is connected. Note here that in the embodiment of FIG.
• the means 102 - and / or suitable steps - of immediate warning comprise another universal block of transmission - asynchronous reception, but dedicated for its part to the contactless interface 3
• the means 103 also receive as input a signal coming from a functional block 106, forming sleep controller sometimes called "SLEEP CTRL".
• logical phases also form the sleep controller, at least in part.
• This block 106 connected as an input to the means 103 if necessary participates in the selection of the voltage source. If necessary, the functional block 106 overrides an attempt to select an electrical source carried out via a configuration register, as described. Then, the selection logic is then transferred to this block 106 sleep controller, which then forms part of the means 103 of immunity.
• transition 13.17 The transitions 16.17 to state 17, as well as 17.13, 17.15 and 17.16 from this state 17 are referred to below.
• a transition 13.17 corresponds to the case where the terminal 2 is in the waiting state 13, the antenna 4 then being requested by a contactless field to be processed via the appropriate interface 3.
• the transition 16.17 initially corresponds to the example where the terminal 2 is already in a state of operation 16 with a dual interface, the antenna 4 being processing an application via the contactless interface 3, even though the interface with contact 7 is requested. Then, the object 1 is ordered to limit the resources it consumes from the contact interface 7.
• FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention where means 103 comprise a circuit part within an object 1 according to the invention, connected by a range C1 of the interface 7, to a terminal 2 to secure.
• a diode 20 for limiting the power consumed from the interface is provided.
• these means 103 include an information processing functional block 21 ensuring switching between two modes of power consumption: - via the galvanic interface 7; or - via the contactless interface 3.
• FIG. 5 another part of the circuit of the means 103 can be seen within an object 1 according to the invention, which is also connected to a terminal 2 to be secured. This other circuit part forms elements 22 of immunity of the object 1 to the changes (transitions to state 17) of origin of the power.
• These immunity elements 22 include absorption resistors 23 of excess electrical power.
• the elements 22 also have, and logic switching means 24, ensuring the selection between two modes of power consumption (via galvanic interface 7 or via contactless interface 3), function of result values illustrating these consumption as well as their evolution.
• the elements 22 operate a selection of the resources to be used, which allow a contactless application 10 to operate without consuming resources (power) from the contact interface 7 when the latter requires it, while providing the chip 6 with the resources required via a 25 "contactless" power input pad.
• a state 18 known as field capture in deep sleep This state 18 is close to state 17, and shown in FIG. 6. In this state 18, like state 17, the contact application is waiting for a command from terminal 2, as part of the current transaction.
• State 18 comes from the imagination for the purposes of the invention, from the other impossible state 17.
• the problem to be solved here is similar to the previous one, since it aims to support the disappearance of the clock source causing a state of deep sleep, while an application using the contactless interface has started. This is the case if the clock provided by the contactless interface 3 disappears, while a transition imposes on the contact interface 7 a state of deep sleep with clock pause.
• the standards require in particular in this case, that the terminal 2 connected to the contact interface 7 ceases to supply the clock which would be necessary for the contactless application.
• the invention aims to allow a contactless application to operate without consuming resources (eg clock and / or power) from the contact interface 7 when the standards imposed on this contact interface 7 require it.
• the problem is therefore the management of clock stops (PauseH on tables 1A and IB above) as a function of the appearances (transition 18.17) and disappearances (transition 17.18) of this clock resource from the contact interface 7.
• clock stops PauseH on tables 1A and IB above
• a current object 1 can process an application 9 or 10 without risk of data loss.
• Some current objects 1 are not, however, concerned by this, the use of "internal" clock resources a clock signal generated by the chip 6 as a function of a simple electrical power source, is imposed on the object 1 while these resources are available.
• means 110 and / or equivalent logical steps of clock control make it possible to reach state 18.
• These means 110 (and / or logic steps) of clock control according to the invention resort in embodiments, systematically (ie whatever the transition) to clock resources originating from the contactless interface 3, to process a contactless application 10.
• the transition 14.18 corresponds - example of the cellular terminal - to the arrival of a field picked up by the antenna 4, while the object is in "LOW POWER with PauseH" state 14.
• a solution used by the invention provides forcing the object 1 to seek its power supply on the side of the contactless interface 3. But only so as to allow it to reception of the signal from the antenna 4. However, the object 1 capable of receiving the antenna signal 4 is kept for the rest in state 18 of low consumption, without clock. From state 18 to state 14 (transition 18.14), a solution of the invention (means 110 and / or logical steps of clock control) provides - for example using wired means - d 'observe the variations in power supplied by the antenna 4 of the interface 3.
• interrupt controller It is a functional block that centralizes interrupt signals from several devices. This block signals the arrival of an interrupt at block 108 (CPU) by means of an interrupt input pad 112.
• the controller block also has an information / configuration register which allows block 108 to: - Know which device has generated an interrupt; and / or - Activate and / or deactivate the interrupts generated by a given device (mask of interruption).
• an interrupt signal indicates the appearance or the disappearance of a voltage source. This allows an application executed in block 108 to know the state of interfaces 3 and 7, at the physical level when it is a signal carried by a wiring. - Also from block 107, an interrupt signal indicates an ISO reset sequence on the contact interface side.
• an interrupt signal indicates the complete acquisition of a contactless frame, the anti-collision sequence being carried out successfully, for example in a physical manner by this block 102 and / or in fund task.
• an interrupt signal indicated that a sequence of bytes from this interface 7 is correctly acquired (the size of which is determined to be equal to: 1 to "n": ie the number of bytes in this sequence).
• this block receives as input, inter alia: - A supply of electric current (via cables 114 for supplying voltage and 115 for ground); and - Interrupt signals (via interrupt wiring 119 connected to pad 112 and connecting blocks 108 and 101); and the clock signal via a clock input wiring 117 itself connected to a clock control block 118 (described below); and - Zero-setting signals via wiring 116; and - Data, via wiring 125 itself connected to block 124.
• This block 108 exchanges data with the peripherals via block 124 forming a bus, while wiring 126 connected to block 108 provides the inputs -outputs of addresses which makes it possible to select the device for which the exchange of data on the data bus 124 takes place.
• block 108 (CPU) executes the application with and / or without contact (9/10) proper, comprising sequences of instructions stored in the memories of block 120 (in FIG. 8: RAM 122; ROM 121 and EEPROM 123).
• Block 108 is said to be in sleep mode when it is supplied with electric current, but the execution of the application with and / or without contact (9/10) is paused (with its context saved), which allows to consume few resources (especially electrical).
• steps and / or means 103 of immunity to variations in power source, comprising a block 107 have been described in relation to FIG. 8.
• the functional block 104 comprises the modulator - demodulator and anti-collision processing elements.
• This block notably has the function of converting the radio frequencies received by the antenna 4 here via the contacts C4 and C8 into: - Voltage intended for block 107. - Clock signal intended for block 118. - Data intended for universal block 102 of transmission - asynchronous reception dedicated to the contactless interface 3. Anti-collision steps specific to the type of contactless transmission picked up by the antenna 4, are provided here, transparently, in the background, without disturbing the operation of the processor block 108. Reference was made above to the clock control block 118. The purpose of this block 118 is to supply the block 108 (CPU) and the peripherals requiring it, with an appropriate clock signal.
• This block 118 receives as input: - The clock signal available on contact C3 (CLK); - The clock signal from block 104 which includes the modulator / demodulator; - If necessary signal from a block 113 internal clock.
• This internal clock must be generated by the voltage supplied by the power supply controller block 107. In certain embodiments, such a block 113 makes it easier to implement when it is useful to have a clock signal independent of any external timer resource.
• This clock control block 118 has a configuration / information register allowing the application processed by the processor block 108 to choose the physical source of the clock supplied to this block 108, or else to choose a mode. automatic.
• a common implementation of the invention is as follows: the selection of the clock source is automatically carried out by block 118, so that the chip 6 is always timed by a clock signal.
• the invention also provides time delay means and / or steps.
• the choice of the timing source is made by wiring and / or logic phases from the operating system. For example, it is necessary for both contact and non-contact applications to have a time source, to testify to the activity of object 1 with regard to terminal 2 (confirmation of presence) .
• the timing source is exclusively: - internal (eg in the form of a locking phase loop called "PLL") to the object 1, in particular to its chip 6; - from the contactless interface 3; - From the contact interface 7.
• PLL locking phase loop
• Block 118 continuously provides, as required, a clock signal to chip 6 (except in deep sleep for reasons of energy saving). This now brings up the block 106 sometimes called "SLEEP CTRL", which manages the entry and / or exit stages in the sleep state.
• this block 106 has the function of guaranteeing compliance with the standards imposed on the contact interface 7, in the example of the cellular terminal 2 of the telephony standards.
• this block 106 has as inputs in particular a wiring coming from the block 101 interrupt controller (to receive the signal translating the event which conditions the awakening of the processor block 108). At output, this block 106 has in particular: - a wiring coming from block 101 via which the wake-up signals of processor block 108 pass; - Wiring from block 107 by which the power sources of the chip 6 are forced, only in certain embodiments.
• This block 106 also has an information / configuration register which allows the application processed by block 108 to select the event making it possible to wake up this block 108 (eg during a byte arrival step). in block 109 and / or appearance of a frame via the antenna 4).
• the invention also provides means and / or step for selecting an operating mode in progress on the side of the contact interface 7. According to these means and / or step for selecting an operating mode in progress, the application determines what is the maximum authorized consumption in progress from the contact interface 7. These means and / or step for selecting an operating mode in progress choose the power source for the chip 6, in terms of electrical power and / or clock. Then these means and / or step of selecting an operating mode in progress put the chip 6 to sleep.
• An implementation of the invention provides (state 13 or 14) for operation described as "normal”. Then, a transaction via the contact interface 7 alone is in progress, but the terminal 2 has not sent a command.
• the chip 6 is therefore in the waiting phase, and in order to satisfy the constraints of limiting current consumption, the application, using a dedicated instruction from block 108, puts it to sleep.
• a new command arrives (ie an activity is detected at the input of block 109)
• block 108 is woken up by this block 106, and the application resumes its course.
• a contactless transaction requests the interface 3 and is initiated
• the block 108 is awakened by this block 106 to process this transaction, without however consuming any energy or requiring clock on the side of the contact interface 7.
• this block 106 therefore informs block 107 that it must supply energy via block 104, then wakes up block 108.
• the other alternative route is that this block 106 first wakes up the block
• the operating system itself configures the block 107 to use the power received by the contactless interface 3. This has the disadvantage of consuming energy from the interface
• the block 106 is configured, by l application, so as to respect the consumption limits from the contact interface 7, via a register. In this case, it is the block 106 which otherwise reconfigures the block 107 before waking up the block 108 (CPU), which avoids excessive consumption on the contact interface 7.
• the contactless transaction via interface 3 is stopped (the power received by this interface 3 has dropped below a predetermined critical threshold), and the transaction via contact interface 7 is still pending, the limitations consumption forces to immediately return to block 108 asleep (due to insufficient current resources). This is done here automatically by this block 106.
• a step provides that the application itself requires block 108 to immediately return to sleep.
• block 107 prevents the application processed by this block 108 at a given time (due to the interruption of power supply via the contactless interface 3, transition from "Active to" Stop "). reflecting this interruption in the supply of power, is received by the application which is able in response to bypass its processing and to call the instruction of block 108 as soon as possible which allows it to go into sleep mode. In such embodiments, this is done before the voltage available through the contactless interface 3 has become insufficient
• the means 102 - and / or suitable steps - for immediate warning respectively include peripheral blocks and serial communication steps.
• the invention when object 1 is processing a contact application, it is now possible for this object 1 to accept the start of a contactless application simultaneously.
• the invention therefore offers fully simultaneous management of two competing applications 9 and 10 and allows the asynchronous arrival of a contactless frame without disturbing the application in progress.
• the immunity 22 and switching means 24 ensure, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the immunity of the object 1 against a cut in the power supply of the object 1 by its contactless interface 3.
• the advantage is to allow a contactless application 10 to operate without consuming resources (power) from the contact interface 7 when the latter prohibits it.
• two or more interfaces (Contact, contactless, USB, etc.) in an object 1 the simultaneous use of at least two of these interfaces is possible with the invention.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
• Strategic Management (AREA)
• General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
• Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
• Telephone Function (AREA)
• Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=34630571

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (18)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 2003
  • 2003-12-17 FR FR0351092A patent/FR2864297B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2004
  • 2004-12-16 US US10/583,333 patent/US7789313B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-12-16 CN CN2004800417781A patent/CN101069195B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-12-16 WO PCT/EP2004/053553 patent/WO2005066888A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2004-12-16 EP EP04804899A patent/EP1706842A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-12-16 JP JP2006544452A patent/JP5322388B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-08-29 JP JP2011186202A patent/JP5341964B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events