EP1704322A1 - Einspritzdüse - Google Patents
EinspritzdüseInfo
- Publication number
- EP1704322A1 EP1704322A1 EP04802622A EP04802622A EP1704322A1 EP 1704322 A1 EP1704322 A1 EP 1704322A1 EP 04802622 A EP04802622 A EP 04802622A EP 04802622 A EP04802622 A EP 04802622A EP 1704322 A1 EP1704322 A1 EP 1704322A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- needle
- fuel
- fuel supply
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/20—Closing valves mechanically, e.g. arrangements of springs or weights or permanent magnets; Damping of valve lift
- F02M61/205—Means specially adapted for varying the spring tension or assisting the spring force to close the injection-valve, e.g. with damping of valve lift
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
- F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
- F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
- F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
- F02M45/086—Having more than one injection-valve controlling discharge orifices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0003—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
- F02M63/0005—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure using valves actuated by fluid pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/46—Valves, e.g. injectors, with concentric valve bodies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle, with the features of the preamble of
- Such an injection nozzle is known for example from DE 100 58 153 AI and comprises a first nozzle needle designed as a hollow needle and a second nozzle needle arranged coaxially to the first nozzle needle.
- the first nozzle needle is one
- Injection of fuel can be controlled through at least one first spray hole, while the injection of fuel can be controlled through at least one second spray hole with the second nozzle needle.
- a control piston is provided to actuate the second nozzle needle and cooperates axially with the second nozzle needle or with a second needle assembly containing the second nozzle needle.
- Control piston is arranged on a control surface facing away from the spray holes in a control chamber and can be acted upon there by the control pressure prevailing therein. In a closed position of the second nozzle needle, the control piston is supported axially on the second nozzle needle or on the second needle assembly.
- the first nozzle needle can be controlled directly with the injection pressure. This means that the first nozzle needle opens as soon as a sufficiently high injection pressure is present at a corresponding pressure level of the first nozzle needle. If a fuel injection is to be carried out only through the at least one first spray hole, the control chamber is subjected to a correspondingly high control pressure, so that the second nozzle needle remains closed. Should one If fuel injection is additionally carried out through the at least one second spray hole, the pressure in the control chamber is reduced until the injection pressure acting on the second nozzle needle at a corresponding pressure level causes the second nozzle needle to open. The second nozzle needle is therefore not dependent on the injection pressure alone, but also on the one in the control room
- Injection pressure predeterminable control pressure controlled which is also referred to as servo control.
- the effort to implement such a servo control is relatively large.
- the injection nozzle according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that both the first nozzle needle and the second nozzle needle can be controlled directly by the high-pressure fuel that is provided by the fuel supply device and at the pressure levels of the
- Nozzle needles and attacks on the control surface This is achieved by a control surface which is effective in the opening direction and which is arranged in a control chamber in which the high fuel pressure generated by the fuel supply device prevails.
- a control surface which is effective in the opening direction and which is arranged in a control chamber in which the high fuel pressure generated by the fuel supply device prevails.
- fuel injection should only take place through the at least one first spray hole.
- This first high-pressure fuel leads, when it engages the at least one first pressure stage of the first nozzle needle, to open the first nozzle needle so that fuel injection takes place through the at least one first spray hole.
- the first high-pressure fuel acts on the second pressure stage of the second nozzle needle and on the control surface of the second nozzle needle in the opening direction of the second nozzle needle, the closing forces on the second high-pressure fuel nozzle still prevail, so that the second nozzle needle remains closed.
- High fuel pressure generated which is relatively high, in any case greater than the first high fuel pressure. Since this second high fuel pressure also acts on the control surface, the second nozzle needle can open immediately after or almost simultaneously with the opening of the first nozzle needle, since a comparatively low pressure at the second pressure stage is sufficient to change the balance of forces at the second nozzle needle in such a way that that now a resulting force acting in the opening direction arises. Due to the supportive opening force on the control surface, the second nozzle needle can react very quickly, so that fuel injection through all spray holes can be started very quickly. With the aid of the injection nozzle according to the invention, high injection quantities can be achieved with very short injection times due to the rapid start of full fuel injection through all the injection holes.
- the injection characteristic which can be achieved with the aid of the injection nozzle according to the invention corresponds to the fuel requirement of the internal combustion engine, which requires little fuel at part load, but which is to be injected with the highest possible fuel pressure (first high fuel pressure). Furthermore, the internal combustion engine requires a large amount of fuel with shortened injection times at full load.
- a fuel supply line is provided which is connected to the fuel supply device.
- a control valve is arranged in this fuel supply line, which in the open state passes the high fuel pressure provided by the fuel supply device to the pressure stages of the nozzle needles and in the closed state keeps the high fuel pressure away from the pressure stages.
- the control chamber can now either be connected directly to the fuel supply device via a corresponding control line or indirectly by connecting the control line upstream of the control valve to the fuel supply line.
- the fuel supply device does not have to be changed in order to implement the injection nozzle according to the invention.
- the control line can be connected to the fuel supply line in the region of the control valve, as a result of which the fuel supply line from the control valve to the fuel supply device can also be constructed conventionally.
- control chamber can be connected to the fuel supply device in a throttled manner.
- pressure fluctuations within this control line can be reduced or damped, which improves the operational reliability of the injection nozzle.
- Embodiments of the injection nozzle according to the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail below.
- FIG. 1 shows a greatly simplified, principle longitudinal section through an injection nozzle according to the invention.
- an injection nozzle 1 comprises a nozzle body 2, in which a first nozzle needle 3 and a second nozzle needle 4 are mounted.
- the first nozzle needle 3 is mounted in a stroke-adjustable manner in a first needle guide 5, which is formed in the nozzle body 2.
- the second nozzle needle 4 is mounted in a second needle guide 6, which is formed in the first nozzle needle 3.
- nozzle needle 3 is configured as a hollow needle, and second nozzle needle 4 is arranged coaxially in first nozzle needle 3.
- the nozzle body 2 has at least one first spray hole 7 and at least one second spray hole 8.
- a plurality of first spray holes 7 and / or a plurality of second spray holes 8 are provided, which can then each be arranged in a star shape in one plane.
- the spray holes 7, 8 is a
- Fuel supply line 9 fuel supplied.
- This fuel supply line 9 is connected at one end to a fuel supply device 10 and ends at the other end in a nozzle space 1 1.
- This nozzle space 1 1 merges into an annular space 12, which leads to the spray holes 7, 8.
- a first sealing seat 13, which is associated with the first nozzle needle 3, is arranged upstream of the at least one first spray hole 7. Accordingly, the injection of fuel through the at least one first spray hole 7 can be controlled with the first nozzle needle 3.
- a second sealing seat 14 is arranged, which is assigned to the second nozzle needle 4. Accordingly, the injection of fuel through the at least one second spray hole 8 can be controlled with the second nozzle needle - when the first nozzle needle 3 is open.
- the fuel holes 7, 8 can be used to inject the fuel into an injection chamber 15, which can be, for example, a combustion chamber or a mixture formation chamber of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, to which the injection nozzle 1 is assigned.
- the first nozzle needle 3 has a first pressure stage 16 at an end facing the spray holes 7, 8.
- the first nozzle needle 3 here has a further first pressure stage 16 'in the nozzle chamber 11.
- the first pressure stages 16, 16 ' are formed in that a first seat cross-sectional area 17 in the first sealing seat 13 is smaller than a first guide cross-sectional area 18 in the first needle guide 5.
- the first pressure stages 16, 16' face the spray holes 7, 8 and produce the first nozzle needle 3 when pressurized, an effective force in an opening direction 19.
- the first nozzle needle 3 here forms part of a first needle assembly 20 which, in addition to the first nozzle needle 3, comprises at least one further component.
- the first needle assembly 20 has a coupling sleeve 21 which is axially supported on the one hand on the first nozzle needle 3 and on which on the other hand a first closing spring 22 is axially supported.
- the individual components of the first needle assembly 20, in this case the first nozzle needle 3 and the coupling sleeve 21, can in principle be separate components that lie loosely against one another and can transmit compressive forces between them. It is also possible to attach at least two of the components of the first needle assembly 20 to one another. Furthermore, at least two components of the first needle assembly 20 can also be designed in one piece, that is to say integrally. In any case, the components of the first needle assembly 20 form a jointly adjustable unit.
- the first closing spring 22 is arranged in a first spring chamber 23 and is supported on the one hand on the nozzle body 2 and on the other hand on the first needle assembly 20.
- the first closing spring 22 is designed as a compression spring and thus conducts in a closing direction
- the second pressure stage 25 is realized in that a second guide cross-sectional area 26 in the second needle guide 6 is larger than a second seat cross-sectional area 27 in the second sealing seat 14.
- the second nozzle needle 4 is here part of a second needle assembly 28 which, in addition to the second nozzle needle 4, has a coupling rod 29 and a control piston 30.
- the coupling rod 29 is supported on the one hand axially on the first nozzle needle 4 and on the other hand on the control piston 30.
- the control piston 30 is supported axially on the one hand on the coupling rod 29 and on the other hand on a second closing spring 31.
- the individual components can lie loosely against one another and transmit axial compressive forces to one another during operation.
- the individual components of the second needle assembly 28, that is to say at least the first nozzle needle 4, the coupling rod 29 and the control piston 30, can each be designed as separate components which are supported axially on one another without being fastened to one another in the process. It is also possible that at least two components of the second needle assembly 28 are attached to one another. Furthermore, it is possible for at least two components of the second needle assembly 28 to form an integral, one-piece component. In any case, the components of the second needle assembly 28 form a jointly stroke-adjustable unit.
- the second closing spring 31 is arranged in a second spring chamber 32 and is supported on the one hand on the nozzle body 2 and on the other hand on the control piston 30.
- the second closing spring 31 is also designed as a compression spring so that it introduces forces acting in the closing direction 24 into the second needle assembly 28.
- a control surface 33 is also formed on the second needle assembly 28.
- the control surface 33 is formed on the control piston 30, specifically on a side facing the spray holes 7, 8.
- the control surface 33 is arranged in a control chamber 34 or delimits this control chamber 34 in the axial direction
- control piston 30 separates the control chamber 34 from the second spring chamber 32. Pressurizing the control surface 33 in the control chamber 34 thus leads to a force acting on the control piston 30 in the opening direction 19, which counteracts the closing force of the second closing spring 31. Overall, the force of the closing spring 31 effective in the closing direction 24 can thus be achieved by the pressure in the control chamber 34 be reduced. Overall, a force acting in the opening direction 19 can thus be introduced into the second needle assembly 28 on the control surface 33.
- the control chamber 34 is connected to the fuel supply device 10 via a control line 35.
- This connection between the fuel supply device 10 and the control chamber 34 can be throttled, which is achieved, for example, with the aid of a control throttle 36, which is exemplarily arranged or formed in the control line 35 here.
- the throttling enables damping of pressure vibrations in the control line 35.
- the fuel supply device 10 here comprises a high-pressure fuel line 37, which is supplied with high-pressure fuel by means of a high-pressure fuel pump 38. It is common for the
- Injection nozzle 1 is connected to the fuel supply device 10 or to its high-pressure fuel line 37.
- a control valve 39 is arranged in the fuel supply line 9, which blocks the fuel supply line 9 in the closed position shown. When the control valve 39 is open, it can be provided by the fuel supply device 10
- control line 35 can be connected directly to the fuel supply device 10 or directly to its high-pressure fuel line 37.
- control line 35 is connected upstream of the control valve 39 to the fuel supply line 9.
- the control line 35 is expediently connected to the fuel supply line 9 in a housing 40 of the control valve 39.
- the construction of the injection nozzle 1 in the region of the connection to the fuel supply device 10 upstream of the control valve 39 can remain unchanged due to this construction.
- the control valve 39 is designed here as an example as a hydraulically actuated valve. With the help of the control valve 39, the fuel supply line 9 can be opened and blocked.
- a corresponding switching valve 43 is provided for actuating the control valve 39, which in turn can be configured, for example, as a magnetically actuated switching valve, that is to say as a solenoid valve.
- the control valve 39 contains a valve body 42 which can be adjusted for opening and closing by pressure forces which act on opposing control surfaces.
- a pressure drop can be generated on one surface of the valve body 42 in the control valve 39, which causes the valve body 42 to open, with the result that the fuel supply line 9 is then connected to the high-pressure fuel line 37.
- By closing the solenoid valve 43 the pressure on the respective surface of the valve body 42 is built up again, as a result of which the control valve 39 closes and the fuel supply line 9 is again separated from the high-pressure fuel line 37.
- the control valve 39 contains a first control edge 41.
- the control valve 39 can have a second control edge 45, according to the preferred embodiment shown here, via which the fuel supply line 9 can be connected to a return 46.
- the two control edges 41, 45 are matched to one another in such a way that when the first control edge 41 is opened the second control edge 45 inevitably closes and vice versa.
- There is usually a relatively low pressure in the return 46 so that when the fuel supply line 9 is disconnected from the high-pressure fuel line 37 in the fuel supply line 9, the Pressure can be released immediately in the return 46.
- the injection nozzle 1 works as follows:
- the fuel supply device 10 is configured such that it can be used to provide at least two different high fuel pressures. There is a first
- Fuel supply device 10 is therefore controlled so that it generates the first high-pressure fuel in its high-pressure fuel line 37.
- the control valve 39 When the control valve 39 is open, the first high fuel pressure can build up downstream of the control valve 39 in the fuel supply line 9 and thus in the nozzle chamber 11 and thus in the annular chamber 12 and thus also at the first pressure stages 16 and 16 ′.
- Control line 35 the first high fuel pressure also prevails in the control chamber 34 and generates a corresponding force acting on the control piston 30 in the opening direction 19.
- the force balance leads to the first needle assembly 20 a resulting force acting in the opening direction 19.
- the first nozzle needle 3 lifts off the first sealing seat 13 and the injection of fuel through the at least one first spray hole 7 into the injection space 15 begins.
- the second closing spring 31 is dimensioned such that in this case, that is to say at the first fuel hole pressure on the control surface 33 and on the second pressure stage 25 in the second needle assembly 28, a resultant force that is effective in the closing direction also results, so that the second nozzle needle 4 remains closed. Accordingly, the first high fuel pressure leads to one
- control valve 39 is closed again, as a result of which the pressure in the fuel supply line 9 drops rapidly downstream of the control valve 39.
- the forces acting in the closing direction 24 again prevail on the first nozzle needle 3, as a result of which the first nozzle needle 3 is closed.
- the fuel supply device 10 For a full-load operation of the internal combustion engine, a larger injection quantity is required for the fuel injection, which also takes a very short time must be introduced.
- the fuel supply device 10 thus generates the second high-pressure fuel in the high-pressure fuel line 37, which also builds up in the control chamber 34 via the control line 35.
- the control valve 39 opens, the second high fuel pressure builds up downstream of it in the fuel supply line 9.
- the first nozzle needle 3 can open.
- the first opening pressure is also immediately present at the second pressure stage 25.
- the pressure required to open the second nozzle needle 4 at the second pressure stage 25 is due to the increased pressure in the control chamber 34 for full-load operation, that is to say when the second is applied
- the second needle assembly 28 can be designed such that the second nozzle needle 4 also opens immediately after opening the first nozzle needle 3.
- a second opening pressure, which must be present at the second pressure stage 25 in order to open the second nozzle needle 4, may be approximately the same as the first opening pressure, which is present at the at least one first pressure stage 16.
- the second opening pressure can also be selected to be lower than the first opening pressure, so that the second nozzle needle 4 can respond even earlier when the first nozzle needle 3 is opened.
- an embodiment is expedient in which the second opening pressure, which is used to open the second nozzle needle 4 at its second
- Pressure level 25 is selected to be smaller than the second high fuel pressure and, in particular, is selected to be lower than the first high fuel pressure.
- the second nozzle needle 4 can thus open almost simultaneously with the first nozzle needle 4, which enables very short injection times. At the same time, a relatively large amount of fuel can be injected through all the spray holes 7, 8.
- the control valve 39 is closed again, as a result of which the pressure in the fuel supply line 9 downstream of the control valve 39 drops again and at least the first nozzle needle 3 closes. At the same time, the pressure also drops at the second pressure stage 25, so that the second nozzle needle 4 can also close.
- the second nozzle needle 4 can preferably close in front of the first nozzle needle 3 or at the same time with the first nozzle needle 3.
- a mechanical driver can be provided, which inevitably entrains the second nozzle needle 4 when the first nozzle needle 3 is closed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2003158861 DE10358861A1 (de) | 2003-12-16 | 2003-12-16 | Einspritzdüse |
PCT/DE2004/002325 WO2005059350A1 (de) | 2003-12-16 | 2004-10-19 | Einspritzdüse |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1704322A1 true EP1704322A1 (de) | 2006-09-27 |
EP1704322B1 EP1704322B1 (de) | 2008-01-02 |
Family
ID=34672798
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04802622A Expired - Lifetime EP1704322B1 (de) | 2003-12-16 | 2004-10-19 | Einspritzdüse |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1704322B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10358861A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005059350A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006013962A1 (de) | 2006-03-27 | 2007-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Einspritzdüse mit Spritzkanälen sowie Verfahren zur Einbringung von Kanälen |
FI20115418A0 (fi) * | 2011-05-03 | 2011-05-03 | Waertsilae Finland Oy | Polttoaineenruiskutusyksikkö ja-järjestelmä |
CN116044630B (zh) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-07-21 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种基于多级弹簧活塞实现低压力波动的高压共轨喷油器 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60125767A (ja) * | 1983-12-09 | 1985-07-05 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | ディ−ゼル機関の燃料噴射ノズル |
GB8710976D0 (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1987-06-10 | Lucas Ind Plc | Fuel injection nozzle |
DE4432686C2 (de) * | 1994-09-14 | 1996-09-05 | Man B & W Diesel Ag | Querschnittgesteuerte Einspritzdüse |
DE10010863A1 (de) * | 2000-03-06 | 2001-09-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Einspritzdüse |
-
2003
- 2003-12-16 DE DE2003158861 patent/DE10358861A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-10-19 DE DE502004005873T patent/DE502004005873D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-19 WO PCT/DE2004/002325 patent/WO2005059350A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2004-10-19 EP EP04802622A patent/EP1704322B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005059350A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1704322B1 (de) | 2008-01-02 |
DE10358861A1 (de) | 2005-07-14 |
WO2005059350A1 (de) | 2005-06-30 |
DE502004005873D1 (de) | 2008-02-14 |
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