EP1701406B1 - Planar antenna with a ground plane whose dimensions can be modified - Google Patents

Planar antenna with a ground plane whose dimensions can be modified Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1701406B1
EP1701406B1 EP06290353A EP06290353A EP1701406B1 EP 1701406 B1 EP1701406 B1 EP 1701406B1 EP 06290353 A EP06290353 A EP 06290353A EP 06290353 A EP06290353 A EP 06290353A EP 1701406 B1 EP1701406 B1 EP 1701406B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
earth
radiation surface
aerial
radiation
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Not-in-force
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EP06290353A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1701406A1 (en
Inventor
Fernando Romao
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Vallaroche SAS
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Sagem Mobiles SA
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Publication of EP1701406A1 publication Critical patent/EP1701406A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of planar antennas having a ground plane and a flat surface said radiation surface which extends in parallel with the ground plane.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a planar antenna comprising means adapted to modify the dimensions of the portion of the ground plane which extends to the right of the radiation surface and thus forms a mass reference for said radiation surface.
  • Planar antennas are for example used as antennas integrated into the mobile telephony terminals.
  • planar antennas have the advantage of producing a lower near field than that produced by conventional antennas (whip, meander, helical type), while providing acceptable far-field radiation performance.
  • the volume of these planar antennas is greater than that of conventional antennas.
  • a dual-band patch antenna (900-1800 MHz) occupying a volume of 6 cm 3 offers radiation performance (far field) close to that of a non-patch antenna occupying a volume of 1 cm 3 , while presenting a lower bandwidth.
  • SAR synchrom for the Specific Absorption Rate designating the Specific Absorption Rate for quantifying the rate of absorption by biological tissues of electromagnetic energy coming from radiofrequencies
  • an antenna patch is clearly more powerful. It will be noted that the SAR is measured in transmission at the maximum power P MAX .
  • the document US 2005/0017905 proposes a patch antenna in which the spacing between the radiating surface and the ground plane can be modified.
  • planar antenna having increased performance both in terms of bandwidth, and in terms of radiation efficiency, and this while retaining the qualities of patch antennas in transmission at P MAX .
  • the invention aims to provide a planar antenna that meets this need.
  • the invention provides an antenna according to claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a mobile telephone terminal according to claim 10.
  • the invention relates to a method of controlling an antenna according to claim 11.
  • a planar antenna 1 of patch type having a ground plane 2, and a flat surface 3 said radiation surface which extends in parallel with said ground plane, at a distance h thereof.
  • Part 4 of the ground plane extends to the right of the radiation surface and thus forms a mass reference for said radiation surface.
  • An electrically conductive wire 5 connects the radiating surface 3 to the ground plane 2, and is commonly referred to as the "ground return”.
  • a power line 6 adapted to be excited by an RF source is connected to the radiation surface 3. This line 6 is commonly referred to as the "RF attack”.
  • the antenna resonates at a resonant frequency, in particular the dimensions of the radiation surface (perimeter) and the distance h.
  • the patch antenna when the patch antenna operates without a ground plane (operation that can be simulated by an infinite distance h between the ground plane and the radiating surface), its bandwidth is similar to that of a non-patch antenna .
  • the increase in the volume of the antenna makes it possible to increase the bandwidth of the antenna.
  • this is accompanied by an increase in the size of the antenna which may be in contradiction with the constraints relating to its use in a mobile telephone terminal, and in any case goes against the trend towards increased miniaturization.
  • the radiation surface 3 may comprise, in a manner conventionally known per se, a through slot F designed to widen the bandwidth of the antenna by creating a second resonance (at a second resonance frequency depending in particular on the length of the slot ).
  • the figure 3 is another perspective view of the antenna 1 of the figure 1 .
  • the radiating surface 3 faces a complete ground plane (ie the ground reference has the same dimensions as the radiating surface).
  • the figure 4 is a diagram, obtained by simulation, representing the frequency response of the antenna of the figure 3 .
  • the figure 4 more precisely represents the attenuation in reflection (measured in terms of standing wave ratio TOS expressed in dB), that is to say the ability of the antenna to transmit as a function of frequency.
  • a TOS of -20 dB corresponds to losses by mismatch representing 1% of the power (ie an overall efficiency of the antenna equal to 99%); a TOS of -10 dB corresponds to losses representing 10% of the power (ie an overall efficiency of the antenna of 90%); a TOS of -5 dB corresponds to losses representing approximately 32% of the power (ie a yield of the order of 68%); a TOS of - 3 dB corresponds to losses representing approximately 50% of the power (ie a yield of the order of 50%, half of the power attacking the antenna never being radiated).
  • this figure 4 just like the figures 6 , 10a , 10b which will be discussed below, are simulation results.
  • a correction coefficient must be applied to these simulation results to show the real behavior of the antenna, in particular to take into account the scale factor, or the presence of materials with a strong dielectric constant (for example plastic material such as the shell of a telephony terminal).
  • a first resonance is observed, for a TOS of -5 dB, between the frequencies 1.1 GHZ and 1.25 GHz.
  • the width ⁇ f of this resonance (low frequency band) is 140 MHz.
  • the relative width or quality factor ⁇ f / f of this resonance is 12%.
  • a second resonance is observed, for a TOS of -5dB, between the frequencies 2 GHZ and 2.15 GHz.
  • the width of this resonance (high frequency band) is 150 MHz.
  • This second resonance originates from the slot F; and its relative width or quality factor is 7%.
  • the figure 5 is a perspective view of a patch antenna 100 for which there is (almost) no mass reference for the radiation surface 103.
  • the geometry of the ground plane 102 has been modified so that the radiating surface no longer has a portion of the ground plane vis-à-vis. In other words, the dimensions of the mass reference for the radiation surface have been reduced, until the said mass reference has practically disappeared.
  • the figure 6 is a diagram representing the frequency response of the antenna of the figure 5 .
  • the behavior of the patch antenna is indeed close to that of a non-patch antenna.
  • FIGS 7, 8 and 9 represent front views of different patch antenna configurations.
  • the figure 7 is a top view of an antenna similar to that of the figure 3 (a slot F 'opening here on the side of the points of return of mass and of attack RF), for which one has a complete reference of mass for the surface of radiation.
  • the figure 8 is a top view of an antenna 200 for which there is a partial mass reference for the radiation surface 203.
  • the dimensions of the mass reference have indeed been reduced compared to those of the figure 7 , so that the upper part (here 4 mm band) of the radiating surface has no mass reference.
  • the figure 9 is a top view of an antenna 300 for which there is also a partial mass reference for the radiation surface 303.
  • the dimensions of the mass reference have here been reduced so that a lateral part right (here 18 mm band) of the radiation surface has no mass reference.
  • the slot F 'always has a mass reference.
  • the figures 10a and 10b are diagrams representing the frequency responses of the antennas of Figures 7, 8 and 9 . More specifically, the figure 10a allows to compare the frequency responses of the antennas Figures 7 and 8 (complete mass reference, partial mass reference, reduced at the top). The figure 10b For its part, it makes it possible to compare the frequency responses of the antennas of figures 7 and 9 (complete mass reference, partial mass reference, reduced to the right).
  • a correction coefficient (here equal to 0.76) is applied to the simulated values to obtain corrected values representative of the actual conditions of use.
  • This correction coefficient is calculated by realizing the ratio between the central GSM transmit frequency (897.5 MHz) and the central resonant frequency of the simulated "Full Patch" antenna (1187.5 MHz).
  • the relative width of the bandwidth of the "Full Patch” antenna is here 14.7%; that of the "Partial Patch” antenna is 19.9%, ie an increase in the order of + 35% of the bandwidth.
  • the present invention thus proposes to reconfigure the antenna in order to modify the radioelectric characteristics, and this by modifying the dimensions of the part of the mass reference ground plane for the radiating surface.
  • an antenna 10 according to a possible embodiment of the present invention.
  • the antenna comprises a ground plane above which extends a radiation surface 12.
  • a ground return 13 makes it possible to connect the radiation surface to the ground plane.
  • the radiating surface is fed by an RF attack 14.
  • the ground plane is formed of a first surface 11a grounded and connected to the radiation surface by the ground return 13.
  • a second surface 11b is separated from the first surface 11a by switchable junctions 15.
  • the surfaces 11a, 11b are arranged in such a way that the radiating surface 12 faces a portion of the first surface 11a and a portion of the second surface 11b.
  • junctions 15 when the junctions 15 are busy, a plan is defined mass consisting of said first and second surfaces 11a, 11b.
  • the radiation surface then has a complete mass reference.
  • a ground plane consists of only said first surface 11 a.
  • the radiating surface then only has a partial mass reference constituted by the portion of the first surface 11a at the right of said radiating surface.
  • the radiating surface 12 may further comprise a slot F open.
  • the slot F opens on the side of the ground return points 13 and RF drive 14.
  • the antenna 10 includes means for controlling the junctions 15 to switch said junctions between a run mode operation and an operation or blocked mode.
  • the switchable junctions 15 may be field effect switches, MEMS switches, pin diode switches, and so on.
  • This switch is designed to perform a switch function between a first port RF1 (for example on the first surface 11a) and a second port RF2 (for example on the second surface 11b), the switching (opening, closing) of the The switch is controlled by the voltage at a control port Pc.
  • a voltage of 1 Volt on the control port Pc thus makes it possible to connect the ports RF1 and RF2 by an almost perfect short-circuit, while a voltage of 0Volt on the PC control port makes it possible to connect the ports RF1 and RF2 by an almost perfect open circuit.
  • the port Pc thus acts here as control means to electrically connect or not between them the first and second surfaces 11a, 11b.
  • the ports RF1 and RF2 are interconnected by an electrical connection L having in series a first RF coupling capacitance Cc1, a diode Pin Dp and a second RF coupling capacitance Cc2.
  • a first shock inductor S1 is interposed between the ground and the point of the link L located between the diode Dp and the second capacitor Cc2.
  • a second shock inductor S2 is interposed between the control port Pc (connected to ground via an RF decoupling capacitor Cd) and the point of the link L located between the first capacitor Cc1 and the diode Dp.
  • control means can be controlled so that the antenna 10 adopts a first configuration in the transmission phase, and a second configuration in the reception phase.
  • the junction control means in the transmission phase, it is possible to control the junction control means so that they operate in the on mode.
  • the antenna then behaves like a conventional patch antenna, which allows in particular to ensure a low level of SAR.
  • the junction control means can be controlled so that they operate in blocked mode.
  • the antenna then operates with a partial mass reference for the radiating surface. Its behavior then approaches that of a conventional non-patch antenna, which makes it possible to obtain increased performances in terms of bandwidth and radiation efficiency.
  • the invention is not limited to the use of switchable junctions between the surfaces forming the plane of mass, but extends to any means for modifying the dimensions of the mass reference portion for the radiating surface.
  • the skilled person may choose to separately control the potential of each of the surfaces forming the ground plane.
  • the antenna comprises a ground plane formed as previously of a first surface 21a to ground and connected to a radiation surface (here divided into two radiation zones 22a, 22b) by a ground return 23.
  • a second surface 21b is separated from the first part by switchable junctions 25 capable of electrically connecting or not said first and second surfaces 21a, 21b between them.
  • the second surface 21b is dimensioned as the radiation surface, so that in operation of the junction mode 25, there is no ground reference for the radiation surface.
  • a first mode of operation of the antenna 20 is that of a conventional patch antenna (junctions 25 pass and full reference mass).
  • a second mode of operation of the antenna 20 is similar to that of a non-patch antenna (blocked junctions and no ground reference for the radiation surface).
  • the radiation surface has a slot
  • the slot would be inoperative and one would not obtain high frequency bandwidth.
  • the radiation surface may be formed of two radiation zones 22a, 22b separated by a switchable junction 26 adapted to electrically connect or not said zones 22a, 22b with each other so as to resonance all or part of the radiation surface. Indeed, when the junction 26 provides an electrical connection of the zones 22a and 22b, the radiation surface has a first perimeter. A first frequency band is then reached, a radiofrequency current flowing over the periphery of the radiation surface consisting of zones 22a and 22b.
  • the radiation surface consists only of the zone 22a and therefore has a second perimeter, less than said first perimeter. A second frequency band is then reached, a radiofrequency current flowing over the periphery of the radiation surface then consisting solely of the zones 22a.
  • the value and / or the number of the radiation frequency bands can be modified, in particular as a function of the applications considered.
  • two radiation zones 22a, 22b adapted to ensure operation of the antenna in two frequency bands, such as a frequency band at around 900 MHz (preferably that of the GSM, in particular from 880 MHz to 960 MHz), and a frequency band around 1800 MHz (preferably that of the DCS system or "Digital Communication System", in particular from 1710 MHz to 1990 MHz).
  • a frequency band at around 900 MHz preferably that of the GSM, in particular from 880 MHz to 960 MHz
  • a frequency band around 1800 MHz preferably that of the DCS system or "Digital Communication System", in particular from 1710 MHz to 1990 MHz.
  • junction 26 will of course be driven to ensure operation on one or the other of the frequency bands, for example depending on the applications envisaged.
  • the antenna configuration presented on the figure 12 offers a first operating mode of the conventional patch antenna type (complete ground reference), and a second operating mode in which the antenna operates without a mass reference for the radiation surface.
  • such an antenna configuration is also advantageously applicable in certain types of mobile terminals.
  • conventional antennas are particularly sensitive to the presence of metal elements.
  • the ground plane of the patch antenna is likely to disrupt the operation of the conventional antenna.
  • terminals of the type "clam” 360 ° comprising an upper portion 30 carrying the screen 31 and a patch-type antenna, and a lower portion 40 carrying the keyboard 41 and a conventional type of antenna (for example an antenna adapted to DVB-H digital terrestrial television standard , or "Digital Video Broadcasting: Handhelds").
  • a conventional type of antenna for example an antenna adapted to DVB-H digital terrestrial television standard , or "Digital Video Broadcasting: Handhelds"
  • the terminal When the terminal is closed, the lower and upper parts are brought back on one another, the screen then being positioned vis-à-vis the keyboard.
  • the terminal can also adopt an extreme open position, in which the outer faces of the upper and lower parts are brought together, the screen and the keyboard being then accessible from the outside.
  • the ground plane of the patch antenna is located close to the conventional antenna and is therefore likely to alter its operation.
  • the adoption of an antenna according to the present invention in place of the conventional patch antenna overcomes this disadvantage.
  • the means of the antenna for modifying the dimensions of the portion of the ground plane vis-à-vis the radiating surface are in such a case and so ordered for the antenna to operate in a mode of operation without reference of mass for the radiating surface, when the terminal is positioned by the user in said extreme open position.
  • the means for modifying the dimensions of the part of the mass reference ground plane for the radiating surface are here activated according to information (extreme open position or not) relative to the arrangement of said terminal.
  • terminals comprising patch type antennas whose ground plane and the surface of radiation are carried by distinct elements of the terminal, may be moved relative to each other.
  • Figures 13b and 13c two examples of mobile terminals of this type having a rear portion 50 carrying the radiation surface and a front portion 60 carrying the screen 61 and the ground plane.
  • the rear portion 50 can be rotated about an axis A perpendicular to the main surface of the telephone (for example screen surface) and passing generally in the center of the terminal so that the radiating surface has no plan mass vis-à-vis.
  • the adoption of an antenna according to the present invention in place of the conventional patch antenna makes it possible to ensure the operation of the terminal in the open position (front and rear parts offset with respect to each other, like this is represented on the Figures 13b and 13c ).
  • the means of the antenna for modifying the dimensions of the portion of the ground plane vis-à-vis the radiating surface are in such a case controlled for the antenna to operate in a mode of operation without reference of mass for the radiation surface, when the terminal is positioned by the user in said open position.
  • the means for modifying the dimensions of the part of the mass reference ground plane for the radiating surface are here also activated as a function of information (open position or not) relating to the arrangement of said terminal.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Description

Le domaine de l'invention est celui des antennes planaires comportant un plan de masse et une surface plane dite surface de rayonnement qui s'étend en parallèle du plan de masse.The field of the invention is that of planar antennas having a ground plane and a flat surface said radiation surface which extends in parallel with the ground plane.

L'invention concerne plus particulièrement une antenne planaire comportant des moyens adaptés pour modifier les dimensions de la partie du plan de masse qui s'étend au droit de la surface de rayonnement et forme ainsi référence de masse pour ladite surface de rayonnement.The invention relates more particularly to a planar antenna comprising means adapted to modify the dimensions of the portion of the ground plane which extends to the right of the radiation surface and thus forms a mass reference for said radiation surface.

Les antennes planaires (de type antennes « patch », « PIFA (Plane Inverted Folded Antenna) », etc.) sont par exemple utilisées en tant qu'antennes intégrées dans les terminaux de téléphonie mobile.Planar antennas (of the "patch" antenna type, "PIFA (Plane Inverted Folded Antenna)", etc.) are for example used as antennas integrated into the mobile telephony terminals.

En particulier, ces antennes planaires ont l'avantage de produire un champ proche plus faible que celui produit par les antennes classiques (de type fouet, méandre, hélicoïdal), et cela tout en offrant des performances de rayonnement acceptables en champ lointain. Toutefois, le volume de ces antennes planaires est supérieur à celui des antennes classiques.In particular, these planar antennas have the advantage of producing a lower near field than that produced by conventional antennas (whip, meander, helical type), while providing acceptable far-field radiation performance. However, the volume of these planar antennas is greater than that of conventional antennas.

A titre d'exemple, une antenne patch bi-bande (900-1800MHz) occupant un volume de 6 cm3 offre des performances en rayonnement (champ lointain) proche de celles d'une antenne non-patch occupant un volume de 1cm3, tout en présentant une bande passante inférieure. En revanche, en terme de SAR (acronyme de l'expression anglo-saxonne Specific Absorption Rate désignant le Débit d'Absorption Spécifique permettant de quantifier le taux d'absorption par les tissus biologiques de l'énergie électromagnétique provenant de radiofréquences), une antenne patch s'avère nettement plus performante. On notera que le SAR est mesuré en émission à la puissance maximale PMAX.For example, a dual-band patch antenna (900-1800 MHz) occupying a volume of 6 cm 3 offers radiation performance (far field) close to that of a non-patch antenna occupying a volume of 1 cm 3 , while presenting a lower bandwidth. On the other hand, in terms of SAR (acronym for the Specific Absorption Rate designating the Specific Absorption Rate for quantifying the rate of absorption by biological tissues of electromagnetic energy coming from radiofrequencies), an antenna patch is clearly more powerful. It will be noted that the SAR is measured in transmission at the maximum power P MAX .

Le document US 2003/0193437 décrit une antenne et une méthode améliorant l'isolation entre antennes.The document US 2003/0193437 describes an antenna and a method improving the isolation between antennas.

Le document EP 1790034 est cité pour l'état contractant d'Allemagne au titre de l'article 54(3) CBE.The document EP 1790034 is cited for the German contracting state under Article 54 (3) EPC.

Le tableau ci-après permet de comparer certaines des principales caractéristiques des antennes patch et des antennes non-patch. Volume dédié à prévoir Eléments métalliques Bande passante Emission Reception Antenne Patch 6 cm3 Acceptés s'ils se confondent avec le plan de masse: assez peu contraignant en pratique moyenne SAR faible convient Antenne non Patch 1,2 cm3 Acceptés s'ils ne sont pas reliés à la masse : assez contraigant en pratique grande SAR moyen ou élevé convient The table below compares some of the main features of patch antennas and non-patch antennas. Volume dedicated to predict Metallic elements Bandwidth Program Reception Patch Antenna 6 cm 3 Accepted if they are confused with the plan of mass: quite not binding in practice average Low SAR appropriate Antenna not Patch 1.2 cm 3 Accepted if they are not connected to the mass: pretty contraigant in practice big Medium or high SAR appropriate

Concernant la bande passante, on trouvera ci-dessous listées les bandes que doit couvrir l'antenne d'un terminal de téléphonie mobile du type dual mode GSM/UMTS (c'est-à-dire apte à communiquer aussi bien selon le standard GSM (« Global System for Mobile Communications », ou système mondial de communications mobiles) que selon le standard UMTS (« Universal Mobile Telecommunication System », ou système universel de télécommunication avec les mobiles)) :

  • 823-894 MHz : correspondant au GSM800 ;
  • 880-960 MHz : correspondant au GSM900 ;
  • 1710-1880 MHz : correspondant au GSM1800 ;
  • 1850-1990 MHz : correspondant au GSM1900 ;
  • 1920-2170 MHz : correspondant à l'UMTS ;
Concerning the bandwidth, the bands that the antenna of a mobile terminal of the dual mode GSM / UMTS type (that is to say capable of communicating both according to the GSM standard) are listed below are listed. ("Global System for Mobile Communications") that according to the UMTS standard ("Universal Mobile Telecommunication System" or "Universal Mobile Telecommunication System"):
  • 823-894 MHz: corresponding to the GSM800;
  • 880-960 MHz: corresponding to GSM900;
  • 1710-1880 MHz: corresponding to GSM1800;
  • 1850-1990 MHz: corresponding to GSM1900;
  • 1920-2170 MHz: corresponding to UMTS;

On comprend donc que de tels terminaux de téléphonie mobile nécessitent des antennes aptes notamment à couvrir l'ensemble de ces bandes, et cela tout en offrant de bonnes performances.It is therefore understood that such mobile telephony terminals require antennas capable in particular to cover all of these bands, and this while offering good performance.

Le document US 2005/0017905 propose une antenne patch dans laquelle l'espacement entre la surface de rayonnement et le plan de masse peut être modifiée.The document US 2005/0017905 proposes a patch antenna in which the spacing between the radiating surface and the ground plane can be modified.

Partant du tableau ci-dessus, on souhaiterait donc idéalement pouvoir concevoir une antenne dont les performances en émission à la puissance maximale PMAX tireraient partie des caractéristiques des antennes patch (afin d'assurer un SAR faible) et dont les performances en réception (ainsi qu'en émission à une puissance inférieure à la puissance maximale PMAX) tireraient partie des caractéristiques des antennes non patch (en particulier afin d'assurer un bande passante satisfaisante).Starting from the table above, we would therefore ideally wish to be able to design an antenna whose transmission performance at the maximum power P MAX would take advantage of the characteristics of the patch antennas (to ensure a low SAR) and whose reception performance (as well as transmission at a power lower than the maximum power P MAX ) would take advantage of the characteristics of the antennas patch (especially to ensure a satisfactory bandwidth).

En d'autres termes, il existe un besoin pour une antenne planaire disposant de performances accrues aussi bien en terme de bande passante, qu'en terme d'efficacité de rayonnement, et cela tout en conservant les qualités des antennes patch en émission à PMAX. L'invention a pour objectif de proposer une antenne planaire répondant à ce besoin.In other words, there is a need for a planar antenna having increased performance both in terms of bandwidth, and in terms of radiation efficiency, and this while retaining the qualities of patch antennas in transmission at P MAX . The invention aims to provide a planar antenna that meets this need.

A cet effet, l'invention propose une antenne selon la revendication 1.For this purpose, the invention provides an antenna according to claim 1.

Certains aspects préférés, mais non limitatifs, de cette antenne sont définies dans les revendications 2-9.Some preferred, but not limiting, aspects of this antenna are defined in claims 2-9.

Selon un autre aspect, l'invention concerne également un terminal de téléphonie mobile selon la revendication 10.According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a mobile telephone terminal according to claim 10.

Selon encore un autre aspect, l'invention concerne un procédé de commande d'une antenne selon la revendication 11.In yet another aspect, the invention relates to a method of controlling an antenna according to claim 11.

D'autres aspect, buts et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée suivante de formes de réalisation préférées de celle-ci, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématique en perspective d'une antenne patch ;
  • la figure 2 représente grossièrement l'évolution de la bande passante d'une antenne patch en fonction de la distance h entre le plan de masse et la surface de rayonnement ;
  • la figure 3 est une autre représentation de l'antenne de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 4 est un diagramme représentant la réponse fréquentielle de l'antenne de la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5 représente une antenne ne disposant d'aucune référence de masse ;
  • la figure 6 est un diagramme représentant la réponse fréquentielle de l'antenne de la figure 5 ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue d'une antenne comportant une référence de masse complète ;
  • les figures 8 et 9 représentent chacune une antenne disposant d'une référence de masse partielle, respectivement réduite en haut et réduite à droite ;
  • les figures 10a et 10b permettent de comparer respectivement les réponses fréquentielles des antennes des figures 7 et 8, et celles des figures 7 et 9 ;
  • les figures 11 et 12 représentent des antennes selon deux modes de réalisation possibles de l'invention ;
  • la figure 13a, 13b et 13c représentent différents types de terminaux de téléphonie mobile dans lesquels une antenne selon l'invention peut être intégrée.
  • la figure 14 représente un commutateur à diode PIN pouvant être utilisé dans le cadre de l'invention.
Other aspects, objects and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof, given by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic representation in perspective of a patch antenna;
  • the figure 2 roughly represents the evolution of the bandwidth of a patch antenna as a function of the distance h between the ground plane and the radiation surface;
  • the figure 3 is another representation of the antenna of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 4 is a diagram representing the frequency response of the antenna of the figure 3 ;
  • the figure 5 represents an antenna having no mass reference;
  • the figure 6 is a diagram representing the frequency response of the antenna of the figure 5 ;
  • the figure 7 is a view of an antenna with a complete mass reference;
  • the figures 8 and 9 each represent an antenna having a partial mass reference, respectively reduced at the top and reduced at the right;
  • the figures 10a and 10b compare respectively the frequency responses of the antennas of the Figures 7 and 8 , and those of figures 7 and 9 ;
  • the Figures 11 and 12 represent antennas according to two possible embodiments of the invention;
  • the Figure 13a, 13b and 13c represent different types of mobile telephone terminals in which an antenna according to the invention can be integrated.
  • the figure 14 represents a PIN diode switch that can be used in the context of the invention.

En référence maintenant aux dessins, on a représenté sur la figure 1, une antenne planaire 1 de type patch comportant un plan de masse 2, ainsi qu'une surface plane 3 dite surface de rayonnement qui s'étend en parallèle dudit plan de masse, à une distance h de celui-ci.Referring now to the drawings, there is shown on the figure 1 , a planar antenna 1 of patch type having a ground plane 2, and a flat surface 3 said radiation surface which extends in parallel with said ground plane, at a distance h thereof.

Une partie 4 du plan de masse (zone hachurée) s'étend au droit de la surface de rayonnement et forme ainsi référence de masse pour ladite surface de rayonnement.Part 4 of the ground plane (shaded area) extends to the right of the radiation surface and thus forms a mass reference for said radiation surface.

Un fil électriquement conducteur 5 relie la surface de rayonnement 3 au plan de masse 2, et est couramment désigné par l'appellation « retour de masse ».An electrically conductive wire 5 connects the radiating surface 3 to the ground plane 2, and is commonly referred to as the "ground return".

Une ligne d'alimentation 6 apte à être excitée par une source RF est reliée à la surface de rayonnement 3. Cette ligne 6 est couramment désignée par l'appellation « attaque RF ».A power line 6 adapted to be excited by an RF source is connected to the radiation surface 3. This line 6 is commonly referred to as the "RF attack".

L'antenne résonne à une fréquence de résonance fonction notamment des dimensions de la surface de rayonnement (périmètre) et de la distance h.The antenna resonates at a resonant frequency, in particular the dimensions of the radiation surface (perimeter) and the distance h.

On a représenté de manière schématique sur la figure 2, l'évolution de la bande passante BP d'une telle antenne patch en fonction de la distance h. Cette bande passante croit progressivement lorsque la distance h augmente, jusqu'à atteindre un seuil pour les distances h importantes (l'antenne disposant alors d'un volume « infini »). Dans ces conditions, la bande passante de l'antenne patch est alors similaire à celle d'une antenne non patch.It is shown schematically on the figure 2 the evolution of the bandwidth BP of such a patch antenna as a function of the distance h. This bandwidth increases gradually as the distance h increases, until reaching a threshold for the distances h important (the antenna then having an "infinite" volume). Under these conditions, the bandwidth of the patch antenna is then similar to that of a non-patch antenna.

En d'autres termes, lorsque l'antenne patch fonctionne sans plan de masse (fonctionnement pouvant être simulé par une distance h infinie entre le plan de masse et la surface rayonnante), sa bande passante est similaire à celle d'une antenne non patch.In other words, when the patch antenna operates without a ground plane (operation that can be simulated by an infinite distance h between the ground plane and the radiating surface), its bandwidth is similar to that of a non-patch antenna .

On notera que l'augmentation du volume de l'antenne (augmentation de la distance h) permet d'augmenter la bande passante de l'antenne. Mais cela s'accompagne toutefois d'une augmentation de l'encombrement de l'antenne qui peut être en contradiction avec les contraintes relatives à son utilisation dans un terminal de téléphonie mobile, et va en tout état de cause à l'encontre de la tendance vers une miniaturisation accrue.It should be noted that the increase in the volume of the antenna (increase of the distance h) makes it possible to increase the bandwidth of the antenna. However, this is accompanied by an increase in the size of the antenna which may be in contradiction with the constraints relating to its use in a mobile telephone terminal, and in any case goes against the trend towards increased miniaturization.

Selon un mode de réalisation possible, et comme cela a été représenté sur la figure 1, la surface de rayonnement 3 peut comporter, de manière classiquement connue en soi, une fente débouchante F prévue pour élargir la bande passante de l'antenne en créant une seconde résonance (à une seconde fréquence de résonance dépendant notamment de la longueur de la fente).According to one possible embodiment, and as has been shown on the figure 1 , the radiation surface 3 may comprise, in a manner conventionally known per se, a through slot F designed to widen the bandwidth of the antenna by creating a second resonance (at a second resonance frequency depending in particular on the length of the slot ).

La figure 3 est une autre vue en perspective de l'antenne 1 de la figure 1. Sur cette figure, la surface de rayonnement 3 a en vis-à-vis un plan de masse complet (i.e la référence de masse a les mêmes dimensions que la surface rayonnante).The figure 3 is another perspective view of the antenna 1 of the figure 1 . In this figure, the radiating surface 3 faces a complete ground plane (ie the ground reference has the same dimensions as the radiating surface).

Les caractéristiques de cette antenne sont les suivantes :

  • dimension du plan de masse : 77*36 mm2;
  • dimension de la surface de rayonnement : 21*36 mm2 ;
  • distance h : 6,5 mm.
The characteristics of this antenna are as follows:
  • dimension of the ground plane: 77 * 36 mm 2 ;
  • dimension of the radiation surface: 21 * 36 mm 2 ;
  • distance h: 6.5 mm.

La figure 4 est un diagramme, obtenu par simulation, représentant la réponse fréquentielle de l'antenne de la figure 3.The figure 4 is a diagram, obtained by simulation, representing the frequency response of the antenna of the figure 3 .

La figure 4 représente plus précisément l'atténuation en réflexion (mesurée en terme de taux d'ondes stationnaires TOS exprimé en dB), c'est-à-dire l'aptitude de l'antenne à émettre en fonction de la fréquence.The figure 4 more precisely represents the attenuation in reflection (measured in terms of standing wave ratio TOS expressed in dB), that is to say the ability of the antenna to transmit as a function of frequency.

A titre d'exemples, un TOS de -20 dB correspond à des pertes par désadaptation représentant 1 % de la puissance (soit un rendement global de l'antenne égal à 99%) ; un TOS de -10 dB correspond à des pertes représentant 10 % de la puissance (soit un rendement global de l'antenne de 90%) ; un TOS de -5 dB correspond à des pertes représentant environ 32% de la puissance (soit un rendement de l'ordre de 68 %) ; un TOS de - 3 dB correspond à des pertes représentant environ 50% de la puissance (soit un rendement de l'ordre de 50 %, la moitié de la puissance attaquant l'antenne n'étant jamais rayonnée).By way of examples, a TOS of -20 dB corresponds to losses by mismatch representing 1% of the power (ie an overall efficiency of the antenna equal to 99%); a TOS of -10 dB corresponds to losses representing 10% of the power (ie an overall efficiency of the antenna of 90%); a TOS of -5 dB corresponds to losses representing approximately 32% of the power (ie a yield of the order of 68%); a TOS of - 3 dB corresponds to losses representing approximately 50% of the power (ie a yield of the order of 50%, half of the power attacking the antenna never being radiated).

Dans la suite de la description, on prendra comme référence un TOS de -5dB, une antenne présentant un TOS inférieur à -5dB étant considérée comme inutilisable.In the remainder of the description, reference will be made to a TOS of -5 dB, an antenna having a TOS lower than -5 dB being considered as unusable.

II est à noter que cette figure 4, tout comme les figures 6, 10a, 10b qui seront discutées ci après, sont des résultats de simulation. En particulier, un coefficient de correction devra être appliqué à ces résultats de simulation pour faire état du comportement réel de l'antenne, notamment pour tenir compte du facteur d'échelle, ou encore de la présence de matériaux à constante diélectrique forte (par exemple matériau plastique tel que la coque d'un terminal de téléphonie).It should be noted that this figure 4 just like the figures 6 , 10a , 10b which will be discussed below, are simulation results. In particular, a correction coefficient must be applied to these simulation results to show the real behavior of the antenna, in particular to take into account the scale factor, or the presence of materials with a strong dielectric constant (for example plastic material such as the shell of a telephony terminal).

Sur la figure 4, une première résonance est observée, pour un TOS de -5dB, entre les fréquences 1,1 GHZ et 1,25 GHz. La largeur Δf de cette résonance (bande basses fréquences) est de 140 MHz. La largeur relative ou facteur de qualité Δf/f de cette résonance s'établit à 12%.On the figure 4 , a first resonance is observed, for a TOS of -5 dB, between the frequencies 1.1 GHZ and 1.25 GHz. The width Δf of this resonance (low frequency band) is 140 MHz. The relative width or quality factor Δf / f of this resonance is 12%.

Une seconde résonance est observée, pour un TOS de -5dB, entre les fréquences 2 GHZ et 2,15 GHz. La largeur de cette résonance (bande hautes fréquences) est de 150 MHz. Cette seconde résonance a pour origine la fente F ; et sa largeur relative ou facteur de qualité s'établit à 7%.A second resonance is observed, for a TOS of -5dB, between the frequencies 2 GHZ and 2.15 GHz. The width of this resonance (high frequency band) is 150 MHz. This second resonance originates from the slot F; and its relative width or quality factor is 7%.

La figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'une antenne patch 100 pour laquelle il n'y a (quasiment) pas de référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement 103. Par rapport à l'antenne de la figure 4, la géométrie du plan de masse 102 a été modifiée pour que la surface de rayonnement n'ait plus de partie du plan de masse en vis-à-vis. En d'autres termes, les dimensions de la référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement ont été réduites, jusqu'à faire quasiment disparaître ladite référence de masse.The figure 5 is a perspective view of a patch antenna 100 for which there is (almost) no mass reference for the radiation surface 103. Compared to the antenna of the figure 4 , the geometry of the ground plane 102 has been modified so that the radiating surface no longer has a portion of the ground plane vis-à-vis. In other words, the dimensions of the mass reference for the radiation surface have been reduced, until the said mass reference has practically disappeared.

On notera que la zone de la surface de rayonnement où sont agencés le retour de masse et l'attaque RF dispose toujours d'une partie du plan de masse en vis-à-vis. II s'agit effectivement de ne pas remettre en cause l'architecture d'une antenne planaire en ce qui concerne les points d'accès (retour de masse, attaque RF) à l'antenne, et par conséquent de conserver des caractéristiques de fréquence centrale de résonance peu modifiées.Note that the area of the radiation surface where arranged the mass return and the RF attack always has a part of the ground plane vis-à-vis. It is indeed a question of not calling into question the architecture of a planar antenna with regard to the access points (ground return, RF attack) on the antenna, and consequently to preserve frequency characteristics central resonance little modified.

La figure 6 est un diagramme représentant la réponse fréquentielle de l'antenne de la figure 5.The figure 6 is a diagram representing the frequency response of the antenna of the figure 5 .

La fente F n'ayant aucune partie du plan de masse en vis-à-vis, la bande hautes fréquences a disparue.Slot F having no part of the ground plane vis-à-vis, the high frequency band has disappeared.

En revanche, on constate une bande basses fréquences qui s'établit, pour un TOS de -5dB, entre les fréquences 1 GHZ et 1,175 GHz. La largeur de cette bande basses fréquences est donc de 175 MHz. La largeur relative ou facteur de qualité Δf/f de cette résonance s'établit à 16%.However, there is a low frequency band which is established, for a TOS of -5 dB, between the frequencies 1 GHZ and 1.175 GHz. The width of this low frequency band is therefore 175 MHz. The relative width or quality factor Δf / f of this resonance is 16%.

On observe ainsi une augmentation de la bande passante, le rendement (ou efficacité de rayonnement) étant augmenté de -1,5dB par rapport à la bande basses fréquences de l'antenne de la figure 4.An increase in the bandwidth is thus observed, the efficiency (or radiation efficiency) being increased by -1.5 dB relative to the low frequency band of the antenna of the figure 4 .

Dans ce cas de figure (absence d'une référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement), le comportement de l'antenne patch se rapproche effectivement de celui d'une antenne non patch.In this case (absence of a mass reference for the radiation surface), the behavior of the patch antenna is indeed close to that of a non-patch antenna.

Les figures 7, 8 et 9 représentent des vues de face de différentes configurations d'antenne patch.The Figures 7, 8 and 9 represent front views of different patch antenna configurations.

La figure 7 est une vue de dessus d'une antenne similaire à celle de la figure 3 (une fente F' débouchant ici du côté des points de retour de masse et d'attaque RF), pour laquelle on a une référence de masse complète pour la surface de rayonnement.The figure 7 is a top view of an antenna similar to that of the figure 3 (a slot F 'opening here on the side of the points of return of mass and of attack RF), for which one has a complete reference of mass for the surface of radiation.

La figure 8 est une vue de dessus d'une antenne 200 pour laquelle on a une référence de masse partielle pour la surface de rayonnement 203. Les dimensions de la référence de masse ont effectivement été réduites par rapport à celles de la figure 7, de manière à ce que la partie supérieure (ici bande de 4 mm) de la surface de rayonnement n'ait pas de référence de masse.The figure 8 is a top view of an antenna 200 for which there is a partial mass reference for the radiation surface 203. The dimensions of the mass reference have indeed been reduced compared to those of the figure 7 , so that the upper part (here 4 mm band) of the radiating surface has no mass reference.

On notera que sur cette figure 8, la fente F' dispose d'une référence de masse en vis-à-vis.It will be noted that on this figure 8 , the slot F 'has a mass reference vis-à-vis.

La figure 9 est quant à elle une vue de dessus d'une antenne 300 pour laquelle on a également une référence de masse partielle pour la surface de rayonnement 303. Les dimensions de la référence de masse ont ici été réduites de manière à ce qu'une partie latérale droite (ici bande de 18 mm) de la surface de rayonnement n'ait pas de référence de masse. Comme pour la figure 8, la fente F' dispose toujours d'une référence de masse.The figure 9 is a top view of an antenna 300 for which there is also a partial mass reference for the radiation surface 303. The dimensions of the mass reference have here been reduced so that a lateral part right (here 18 mm band) of the radiation surface has no mass reference. As for the figure 8 the slot F 'always has a mass reference.

Les figures 10a et 10b sont des diagrammes représentant les réponses fréquentielles des antennes des figures 7, 8 et 9. Plus précisément, la figure 10a permet de comparer les réponses fréquentielles des antennes des figures 7 et 8 (référence de masse complète ; référence de masse partielle, réduite en haut). La figure 10b permet quant à elle de comparer les réponses fréquentielles des antennes des figures 7 et 9 (référence de masse complète ; référence de masse partielle, réduite à droite).The figures 10a and 10b are diagrams representing the frequency responses of the antennas of Figures 7, 8 and 9 . More specifically, the figure 10a allows to compare the frequency responses of the antennas Figures 7 and 8 (complete mass reference, partial mass reference, reduced at the top). The figure 10b For its part, it makes it possible to compare the frequency responses of the antennas of figures 7 and 9 (complete mass reference, partial mass reference, reduced to the right).

De la même manière que précédemment discuté, on observe dans les deux cas de figure, une augmentation de la bande passante basses fréquences.In the same way as previously discussed, we observe in both cases, an increase in the low frequency bandwidth.

On notera que dans les configurations d'antenne des figures 8 et 9, la fente F' dispose d'une référence de masse en vis-à-vis, la seconde bande passante (hautes fréquences) étant ici conservée (malgré la suppression d'une partie du plan de masse).It will be noted that in the antenna configurations of figures 8 and 9 the slot F 'has a mass reference vis-à-vis, the second bandwidth (high frequencies) being retained here (despite the removal of part of the ground plane).

Le tableau ci-dessous permet de comparer une configuration d'antenne avec une référence de masse complète (antenne dénommée ici antenne « Full patch » du type de celle représentée sur la figure 3) et une configuration d'antenne avec une référence de masse partielle (antenne dénommée ici antenne « Partial Patch », du type de celle représentée sur la figure 9).The table below makes it possible to compare an antenna configuration with a complete ground reference (antenna referred to here as a "full patch" antenna of the type represented on the figure 3 ) and an antenna configuration with partial ground reference (antenna here called antenna "Partial Patch", of the type represented on the figure 9 ).

II s'agit plus précisément ici d'accroître la bande passante d'une antenne (par exemple pour qu'elle soit plus robuste aux effets de doigts), l'antenne devant couvrir la bande GSM 880MHz-960MHz. Fmin Fmax Fmin Fmax Δf/f Δf/f total Valeurs de simulation Valeurs corrigées Antenne "Full Patch" 1100 1275 831 964 14,7 Antenne "Partial Patch" 1130 1380 854 1043 19,9 35 (2) 23 (1) 56 (3)

  1. (1) Largeur relative de la bande passante d'une antenne utilisée dans le mode « full patch » en émission et dans le mode « partial patch » en réception (23%).
  2. (2) Facteur d'amélioration en bande passante apporté par l'antenne « partial patch » (= (19,9-14,7)/14,7).
  3. (3) Facteur d'amélioration en bande passante apporté par un fonctionnement combinant les modes « full patch » et« partial patch » (= (23-14,7)/14,7).
It is more precisely here to increase the bandwidth of an antenna (for example so that it is more robust to the effects of fingers), the antenna to cover the GSM band 880MHz-960MHz. fmin Fmax fmin Fmax .DELTA.f / f Δf / f total Simulation values Corrected values Antenna "Full Patch" 1100 1275 831 964 14.7 Antenna "Partial Patch" 1130 1380 854 1043 19.9 35 (2) 23 (1) 56 (3)
  1. (1) Relative bandwidth of an antenna used in full patch mode and receive partial patch mode (23%).
  2. (2) Bandwidth improvement factor provided by the partial patch antenna (= (19.9-14.7) / 14.7).
  3. (3) Bandwidth enhancement factor provided by a combination of full patch and partial patch modes (= (23-14.7) / 14.7).

Un coefficient de correction (ici égal à 0,76) est appliqué aux valeurs simulées pour obtenir des valeurs corrigées représentatives des conditions réelles d'utilisation.A correction coefficient (here equal to 0.76) is applied to the simulated values to obtain corrected values representative of the actual conditions of use.

Ce coefficient de correction est calculé en réalisant le rapport entre la fréquence centrale d'émission GSM (897,5 MHz) et la fréquence centrale de résonance de l'antenne « Full Patch » simulée (1187,5 MHz).This correction coefficient is calculated by realizing the ratio between the central GSM transmit frequency (897.5 MHz) and the central resonant frequency of the simulated "Full Patch" antenna (1187.5 MHz).

La largeur relative de la bande passante de l'antenne « Full Patch » est ici de 14,7 % ; celle de l'antenne « Partial Patch » est de 19,9%, c'est-à-dire une augmentation de l'ordre de +35% de la bande passante.The relative width of the bandwidth of the "Full Patch" antenna is here 14.7%; that of the "Partial Patch" antenna is 19.9%, ie an increase in the order of + 35% of the bandwidth.

Considérant le cas où l'antenne est utilisé dans son mode patch pour les fréquences basses (Tx=émission ; soit dans la bande 880-915 MHz en GSM), et dans son mode partial patch pour les fréquences hautes (Rx=réception, soit dans la bande 925-960 MHz en GSM), on obtient une largeur de bande relative de 23%, soit une augmentation de la bande passante de l'ordre de +56%, ainsi qu'une amélioration d'efficacité de rayonnement de l'ordre de +2dB pour les fréquences extrêmes.Considering the case where the antenna is used in its patch mode for low frequencies (Tx = emission, ie in the band 880-915 MHz in GSM), and in its partial patch mode for high frequencies (Rx = reception, either in the band 925-960 MHz in GSM), a relative bandwidth of 23% is obtained, ie an increase of the bandwidth of the order of + 56%, as well as an improvement of the radiation efficiency of the band. order of + 2dB for the extreme frequencies.

On notera que cette augmentation de la bande passante est obtenue à volume d'antenne constant, uniquement en tirant partie d'une modification des dimensions de la partie du plan de masse formant référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement.Note that this increase in bandwidth is obtained at constant antenna volume, only by taking advantage of a change in the dimensions of the part of the mass reference ground plane for the radiation surface.

La présente invention se propose ainsi de reconfigurer l'antenne afin d'en modifier les caractéristiques radioélectriques, et cela en modifiant les dimensions de la partie du plan de masse formant référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement.The present invention thus proposes to reconfigure the antenna in order to modify the radioelectric characteristics, and this by modifying the dimensions of the part of the mass reference ground plane for the radiating surface.

On a représenté sur la figure 11, une antenne 10 selon un mode de réalisation possible de la présente invention. L'antenne comporte un plan de masse au dessus duquel s'étend une surface de rayonnement 12. Un retour de masse 13 permet de relier la surface de rayonnement au plan de masse. La surface de rayonnement est alimentée par une attaque RF 14.We have shown on the figure 11 , an antenna 10 according to a possible embodiment of the present invention. The antenna comprises a ground plane above which extends a radiation surface 12. A ground return 13 makes it possible to connect the radiation surface to the ground plane. The radiating surface is fed by an RF attack 14.

Le plan de masse est formé d'une première surface 11 a à la masse et reliée à la surface de rayonnement par le retour de masse 13. Une deuxième surface 11 b est séparée de la première surface 11a par des jonctions commutables 15.The ground plane is formed of a first surface 11a grounded and connected to the radiation surface by the ground return 13. A second surface 11b is separated from the first surface 11a by switchable junctions 15.

Les surfaces 11 a, 11 b sont agencées de telle manière que la surface de rayonnement 12 ait en vis-à-vis une partie de la première surface 11 a et une partie de la deuxième surface 11 b.The surfaces 11a, 11b are arranged in such a way that the radiating surface 12 faces a portion of the first surface 11a and a portion of the second surface 11b.

Ainsi, lorsque les jonctions 15 sont passantes, on définit un plan de masse constitué desdites première et deuxième surfaces 11 a, 11 b. La surface de rayonnement dispose alors d'une référence de masse complète.Thus, when the junctions 15 are busy, a plan is defined mass consisting of said first and second surfaces 11a, 11b. The radiation surface then has a complete mass reference.

Au contraire, lorsque les jonctions 15 sont bloquées, on définit un plan de masse constitué uniquement de ladite première surface 11 a. La surface de rayonnement ne dispose alors que d'une référence de masse partielle, constituée par la partie de la première surface 11a au droit de ladite surface de rayonnement.On the other hand, when the junctions 15 are blocked, a ground plane consists of only said first surface 11 a. The radiating surface then only has a partial mass reference constituted by the portion of the first surface 11a at the right of said radiating surface.

Selon un mode de réalisation possible, la surface de rayonnement 12 peut en outre comporter une fente F débouchante. Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, la fente F débouche du côté des points de retour de masse 13 et d'attaque RF 14.According to a possible embodiment, the radiating surface 12 may further comprise a slot F open. According to a preferred embodiment, the slot F opens on the side of the ground return points 13 and RF drive 14.

Bien entendu, l'antenne 10 comporte des moyens de commande des jonctions 15 pour commuter lesdites jonctions entre un fonctionnement en mode passant et un fonctionnement ou en mode bloqué.Of course, the antenna 10 includes means for controlling the junctions 15 to switch said junctions between a run mode operation and an operation or blocked mode.

De manière non limitative, les jonctions commutables 15 peuvent être des commutateurs à effet de champ, des commutateurs MEMS, des commutateurs à diode pin, etc.In a nonlimiting manner, the switchable junctions 15 may be field effect switches, MEMS switches, pin diode switches, and so on.

On décrit ci-après, en relation avec la figure 14, un mode de réalisation possible d'un commutateur à diode PIN.Hereinafter, in connection with the figure 14 , a possible embodiment of a PIN diode switch.

Ce commutateur est prévu pour réaliser une fonction d'interrupteur entre un premier port RF1 (par exemple sur la première surface 11a) et un deuxième port RF2 (par exemple sur la deuxième surface 11 b), la commutation (ouverture, fermeture) de l'interrupteur étant commandée par la tension au niveau d'un port de contrôle Pc. Une tension de 1 Volt sur le port de contrôle Pc permet ainsi de relier les ports RF1 et RF2 par un court-circuit presque parfait, tandis qu'une tension de 0Volt sur le port de contrôle PC permet de relier les ports RF1 et RF2 par un circuit ouvert presque parfait. Le port Pc agit donc ici comme moyens de commande pour relier ou non électriquement entre elles les première et deuxième surfaces 11a, 11b.This switch is designed to perform a switch function between a first port RF1 (for example on the first surface 11a) and a second port RF2 (for example on the second surface 11b), the switching (opening, closing) of the The switch is controlled by the voltage at a control port Pc. A voltage of 1 Volt on the control port Pc thus makes it possible to connect the ports RF1 and RF2 by an almost perfect short-circuit, while a voltage of 0Volt on the PC control port makes it possible to connect the ports RF1 and RF2 by an almost perfect open circuit. The port Pc thus acts here as control means to electrically connect or not between them the first and second surfaces 11a, 11b.

Les ports RF1 et RF2 sont reliés entre eux par une liaison électrique L comportant en série une première capacité de couplage RF Cc1, une diode Pin Dp et une deuxième capacité de couplage RF Cc2.The ports RF1 and RF2 are interconnected by an electrical connection L having in series a first RF coupling capacitance Cc1, a diode Pin Dp and a second RF coupling capacitance Cc2.

Une première self de choc S1 est interposée entre la masse et le point de la liaison L situé entre la diode Dp et la deuxième capacité Cc2.A first shock inductor S1 is interposed between the ground and the point of the link L located between the diode Dp and the second capacitor Cc2.

Une deuxième self de choc S2 est interposée entre le port de contrôle Pc (relié à la masse par l'intermédiaire d'une capacité de découplage RF Cd) et le point de la liaison L situé entre la première capacité Cc1 et la diode Dp.A second shock inductor S2 is interposed between the control port Pc (connected to ground via an RF decoupling capacitor Cd) and the point of the link L located between the first capacitor Cc1 and the diode Dp.

D'une manière plus générale, les moyens de commande peuvent être pilotés de manière à ce que l'antenne 10 adopte une première configuration en phase d'émission, et une deuxième configuration en phase de réception.In a more general manner, the control means can be controlled so that the antenna 10 adopts a first configuration in the transmission phase, and a second configuration in the reception phase.

Ainsi, en phase d'émission, on peut piloter les moyens de commande des jonctions pour que celles-ci fonctionnement en mode passant. L'antenne se comporte alors comme une antenne patch classique, ce qui permet en particulier d'assurer un faible niveau de SAR.Thus, in the transmission phase, it is possible to control the junction control means so that they operate in the on mode. The antenna then behaves like a conventional patch antenna, which allows in particular to ensure a low level of SAR.

En revanche en phase de réception, on peut piloter les moyens de commande des jonctions pour que celles-ci fonctionnement en mode bloqué. L'antenne fonctionne alors avec une référence de masse partielle pour la surface rayonnante. Son comportement se rapproche alors de celui d'une antenne non patch classique, ce qui permet d'obtenir des performances accrues en terme de bande passante et d'efficacité de rayonnement.On the other hand, during the reception phase, the junction control means can be controlled so that they operate in blocked mode. The antenna then operates with a partial mass reference for the radiating surface. Its behavior then approaches that of a conventional non-patch antenna, which makes it possible to obtain increased performances in terms of bandwidth and radiation efficiency.

Bien entendu, on comprend que l'on peut adapter la taille et/ou le nombre des surfaces constituant le plan de masse de manière à modifier les caractéristiques de l'antenne, en particulier en fonction des applications envisagées.Of course, it is understood that one can adapt the size and / or the number of the surfaces constituting the ground plane so as to modify the characteristics of the antenna, in particular according to the applications envisaged.

On comprend également que l'invention n'est pas limitée à l'utilisation de jonctions commutables entre les surfaces formant le plan de masse, mais s'étend à tout moyen permettant de modifier les dimensions de la partie formant référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement.It is also understood that the invention is not limited to the use of switchable junctions between the surfaces forming the plane of mass, but extends to any means for modifying the dimensions of the mass reference portion for the radiating surface.

En particulier, afin de s'affranchir des jonctions commutables, l'homme du métier pourra choisir de contrôler séparément le potentiel de chacune des surfaces formant le plan de masse.In particular, in order to overcome switchable junctions, the skilled person may choose to separately control the potential of each of the surfaces forming the ground plane.

On a représenté sur la figure 12, une autre mode de réalisation possible de l'antenne selon la présente invention.We have shown on the figure 12 , another possible embodiment of the antenna according to the present invention.

L'antenne comporte un plan de masse formé comme précédemment d'une première surface 21 a à la masse et reliée à une surface de rayonnement (divisée ici en deux zones de rayonnement 22a, 22b) par un retour de masse 23. Une deuxième surface 21 b est séparée de la première partie par des jonctions commutables 25 aptes à relier électriquement ou non lesdites première et deuxième surfaces 21 a, 21 b entre elles.The antenna comprises a ground plane formed as previously of a first surface 21a to ground and connected to a radiation surface (here divided into two radiation zones 22a, 22b) by a ground return 23. A second surface 21b is separated from the first part by switchable junctions 25 capable of electrically connecting or not said first and second surfaces 21a, 21b between them.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, on vise un fonctionnement permettant de n'avoir aucune référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement.In this embodiment, it is intended an operation to have no mass reference for the radiation surface.

A cet effet, la deuxième surface 21 b est dimensionnée comme la surface de rayonnement, de sorte qu'en fonctionnement des jonctions 25 en mode bloqué, on n'ait aucune référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement.For this purpose, the second surface 21b is dimensioned as the radiation surface, so that in operation of the junction mode 25, there is no ground reference for the radiation surface.

On notera toutefois que la correspondance des dimensions entre la deuxième surface et la surface rayonnante n'est pas totale, la partie de la surface de rayonnement comportant les points de retour de masse 23 et d'attaque RF 24 étant en vis-à-vis de la première partie 21 a.It will be noted, however, that the correspondence of the dimensions between the second surface and the radiating surface is not complete, since the part of the radiating surface comprising the ground return points 23 and RF attack points 24 are facing each other. of the first part 21 a.

Un premier mode de fonctionnement de l'antenne 20 est ainsi celui d'une antenne patch classique (jonctions 25 passantes et référence de masse complète). Un deuxième mode de fonctionnement de l'antenne 20 est similaire à celui d'une antenne non-patch (jonctions 25 bloquées et aucune référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement).A first mode of operation of the antenna 20 is that of a conventional patch antenna (junctions 25 pass and full reference mass). A second mode of operation of the antenna 20 is similar to that of a non-patch antenna (blocked junctions and no ground reference for the radiation surface).

Dans l'hypothèse où la surface de rayonnement disposerait d'une fente, on notera que dans le cadre d'un fonctionnement sans aucune référence de masse, la fente serait inopérante et on n'obtiendrait pas de bande passante hautes fréquences.Assuming that the radiation surface has a slot, it will be noted that in the context of an operation without any reference of mass, the slot would be inoperative and one would not obtain high frequency bandwidth.

Afin de remédier à cet inconvénient, on a prévu que la surface de rayonnement puisse être formée de deux zones de rayonnement 22a, 22b séparées par une jonction commutable 26 adaptée pour relier électriquement ou non lesdites zones 22a, 22b entre elles de manière à mettre en résonance tout ou partie de la surface de rayonnement. En effet, lorsque la jonction 26 assure une liaison électrique des zones 22a et 22b, la surface de rayonnement dispose d'un premier périmètre. Une première bande de fréquences est alors atteinte, un courant de radiofréquences circulant sur la périphérie de la surface de rayonnement constituée des zones 22a et 22b.In order to remedy this drawback, it has been provided that the radiation surface may be formed of two radiation zones 22a, 22b separated by a switchable junction 26 adapted to electrically connect or not said zones 22a, 22b with each other so as to resonance all or part of the radiation surface. Indeed, when the junction 26 provides an electrical connection of the zones 22a and 22b, the radiation surface has a first perimeter. A first frequency band is then reached, a radiofrequency current flowing over the periphery of the radiation surface consisting of zones 22a and 22b.

En revanche, lorsque la jonction 26 n'assure pas de liaison électrique entre les zones 22a et 22b, la surface de rayonnement n'est constituée que de la zone 22a et dispose donc d'un deuxième périmètre, inférieur audit premier périmètre. Une deuxième bande de fréquences est alors atteinte, un courant de radiofréquences circulant sur la périphérie de la surface de rayonnement constituée alors uniquement de la zones 22a.On the other hand, when the junction 26 does not provide an electrical connection between the zones 22a and 22b, the radiation surface consists only of the zone 22a and therefore has a second perimeter, less than said first perimeter. A second frequency band is then reached, a radiofrequency current flowing over the periphery of the radiation surface then consisting solely of the zones 22a.

Bien entendu, on comprend qu'en adaptant la taille des zones de rayonnement, et/ou en ajoutant des zones de rayonnement supplémentaires, on peut modifier la valeur et/ou le nombre des bandes de fréquence de rayonnement, en particulier en fonction des applications envisagées.Of course, it is understood that by adapting the size of the radiation zones, and / or by adding additional radiation zones, the value and / or the number of the radiation frequency bands can be modified, in particular as a function of the applications considered.

A titre d'exemple, on peut choisir deux zones de rayonnement 22a, 22b adaptées pour assurer un fonctionnement de l'antenne dans deux bandes de fréquence, telles qu'une bande de fréquence aux alentours de 900 MHZ (de préférence celle du GSM, notamment de 880 MHz à 960 MHZ), et une bande de fréquence aux alentours de 1800 MHZ (de préférence celle du système DCS ou «Digital Communication System», notamment de 1710 MHz à 1990 MHz).By way of example, it is possible to choose two radiation zones 22a, 22b adapted to ensure operation of the antenna in two frequency bands, such as a frequency band at around 900 MHz (preferably that of the GSM, in particular from 880 MHz to 960 MHz), and a frequency band around 1800 MHz (preferably that of the DCS system or "Digital Communication System", in particular from 1710 MHz to 1990 MHz).

Dans un tel cas de figure, la jonction 26 sera bien entendu pilotée pour assurer un fonctionnement sur l'une ou l'autre des bandes de fréquence, par exemple en fonction des applications envisagées.In such a case, the junction 26 will of course be driven to ensure operation on one or the other of the frequency bands, for example depending on the applications envisaged.

Comme cela a été discuté précédemment, la configuration d'antenne présentée sur la figure 12 offre en particulier un premier mode de fonctionnement du type antenne patch classique (référence de masse complète), et un deuxième mode de fonctionnement selon lequel l'antenne fonctionne sans référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement.As discussed previously, the antenna configuration presented on the figure 12 In particular, it offers a first operating mode of the conventional patch antenna type (complete ground reference), and a second operating mode in which the antenna operates without a mass reference for the radiation surface.

Outre les gains en terme de bande passante, d'efficacité de rayonnement et d'encombrement de l'antenne, une telle configuration d'antenne trouve également avantageusement application dans certains types de terminaux mobiles.In addition to the gains in terms of bandwidth, radiation efficiency and congestion of the antenna, such an antenna configuration is also advantageously applicable in certain types of mobile terminals.

Comme cela a été vu précédemment, les antennes classiques sont particulièrement sensibles à la présence d'éléments métalliques. En particulier, dans les terminaux dotés à la fois d'une antenne de type patch et d'une antenne classique, le plan de masse de l'antenne patch est susceptible de venir perturber le fonctionnement de l'antenne classique.As has been seen previously, conventional antennas are particularly sensitive to the presence of metal elements. In particular, in terminals equipped with both a patch antenna and a conventional antenna, the ground plane of the patch antenna is likely to disrupt the operation of the conventional antenna.

Cela est par exemple le cas des terminaux de type « clam » 360° (tel que représenté sur la figure 13a) comprenant un partie supérieure 30 portant l'écran 31 et une antenne de type patch, ainsi qu'une partie inférieure 40 portant le clavier 41 et une antenne de type classique (par exemple une antenne adaptée au standard de télévision numérique terrestre DVB-H, ou « Digital Video Broadcasting: Handhelds »).This is for example the case of terminals of the type "clam" 360 ° (as represented on the figure 13a ) comprising an upper portion 30 carrying the screen 31 and a patch-type antenna, and a lower portion 40 carrying the keyboard 41 and a conventional type of antenna (for example an antenna adapted to DVB-H digital terrestrial television standard , or "Digital Video Broadcasting: Handhelds").

Lorsque le terminal est fermé, les parties inférieure et supérieure sont ramenées l'une sur l'autre, l'écran étant alors positionné en vis-à-vis du clavier. Le terminal peut également adopter une position ouverte extrême, selon laquelle les faces externes des parties supérieure et inférieure sont ramenées l'une sur l'autre, l'écran et le clavier étant alors accessibles de l'extérieur. Toutefois, dans cette position ouverte extrême, le plan de masse de l'antenne patch est situé à proximité de l'antenne classique et est donc susceptible d'en altérer le fonctionnement.When the terminal is closed, the lower and upper parts are brought back on one another, the screen then being positioned vis-à-vis the keyboard. The terminal can also adopt an extreme open position, in which the outer faces of the upper and lower parts are brought together, the screen and the keyboard being then accessible from the outside. However, in this extreme open position, the ground plane of the patch antenna is located close to the conventional antenna and is therefore likely to alter its operation.

L'adoption d'une antenne selon la présente invention en lieu et place de l'antenne patch classique permet de remédier à cet inconvénient. Les moyens de l'antenne pour modifier les dimensions de la partie du plan de masse en vis-à-vis de la surface de rayonnement sont dans un tel cas de figure ainsi commandés pour que l'antenne fonctionne dans un mode de fonctionnement sans référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement, lorsque le terminal est positionné par l'utilisateur dans ladite position ouverte extrême. En d'autres termes, les moyens pour modifier les dimensions de la partie du plan de masse formant référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement sont ici activés en fonction d'une information (position ouverte extrême ou non) relative à l'agencement dudit terminal.The adoption of an antenna according to the present invention in place of the conventional patch antenna overcomes this disadvantage. The means of the antenna for modifying the dimensions of the portion of the ground plane vis-à-vis the radiating surface are in such a case and so ordered for the antenna to operate in a mode of operation without reference of mass for the radiating surface, when the terminal is positioned by the user in said extreme open position. In other words, the means for modifying the dimensions of the part of the mass reference ground plane for the radiating surface are here activated according to information (extreme open position or not) relative to the arrangement of said terminal.

On mentionne également le cas de terminaux comportant des antennes de type patch dont le plan de masse et la surface de rayonnement sont portés par des éléments distincts du terminal, susceptibles d'être déplacés l'un par rapport à l'autre. On a représenté sur les figures 13b et 13c deux exemples de terminaux mobiles de ce type comportant une partie arrière 50 portant la surface de rayonnement et une partie avant 60 portant l'écran 61 et le plan de masse. La partie arrière 50 peut être entraînée en rotation autour d'un axe A perpendiculaire à la surface principale du téléphone (par exemple surface de l'écran) et passant globalement au centre du terminal de sorte que la surface rayonnante n'a plus de plan de masse en vis-à-vis.It also mentions the case of terminals comprising patch type antennas whose ground plane and the surface of radiation are carried by distinct elements of the terminal, may be moved relative to each other. We have shown on Figures 13b and 13c two examples of mobile terminals of this type having a rear portion 50 carrying the radiation surface and a front portion 60 carrying the screen 61 and the ground plane. The rear portion 50 can be rotated about an axis A perpendicular to the main surface of the telephone (for example screen surface) and passing generally in the center of the terminal so that the radiating surface has no plan mass vis-à-vis.

L'adoption d'une antenne selon la présente invention en lieu et place de l'antenne patch classique permet d'assurer le fonctionnement du terminal en position ouverte (parties avant et arrière décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre, comme cela est représenté sur les figures 13b et 13c). Les moyens de l'antenne pour modifier les dimensions de la partie du plan de masse en vis-à-vis de la surface de rayonnement sont dans un tel cas de figure commandés pour que l'antenne fonctionne dans un mode de fonctionnement sans référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement, lorsque le terminal est positionné par l'utilisateur dans ladite position ouverte. En d'autres termes, les moyens pour modifier les dimensions de la partie du plan de masse formant référence de masse pour la surface de rayonnement sont ici aussi activés en fonction d'une information (position ouverte ou non) relative à l'agencement dudit terminal.The adoption of an antenna according to the present invention in place of the conventional patch antenna makes it possible to ensure the operation of the terminal in the open position (front and rear parts offset with respect to each other, like this is represented on the Figures 13b and 13c ). The means of the antenna for modifying the dimensions of the portion of the ground plane vis-à-vis the radiating surface are in such a case controlled for the antenna to operate in a mode of operation without reference of mass for the radiation surface, when the terminal is positioned by the user in said open position. In other words, the means for modifying the dimensions of the part of the mass reference ground plane for the radiating surface are here also activated as a function of information (open position or not) relating to the arrangement of said terminal.

Claims (11)

  1. Aerial (10, 20) comprising an earth plane (11a, 11b, 21a, 21b), a planar radiation surface (12, 22a, 22b) which extends parallel to said earth plane, a part of the earth plane extending opposite the radiation surface and forming an earth reference for said radiation surface, the aerial comprising means (15, 25) for modifying the dimensions of said part forming an earth reference, said means being adapted to be controlled so that the aerial takes on a first configuration wherein the radiation surface has a complete earth reference so as to resonate in a first frequency band, or a second configuration wherein the radiation surface has a partial earth reference so as to resonate in a second frequency band which is wider than said first frequency band; the earth plane in said aerial comprising a first surface (11a, 21a) connected to earth and at least one second surface (11b, 21b), said first and second surfaces being connectable by at least one switchable junction (15, 25), and characterised in that the radiation surface comprises an opening slot (F) arranged level with a part of said radiation surface opposite which the second surface (11b, 21b) does not extend, so that the slot always has an earth reference.
  2. Aerial according to claim 1, wherein the means for modifying the dimensions of the part forming the earth reference are provided for disconnecting from the earth plane all or part of the surface of the earth plane which extends opposite the radiation surface.
  3. Aerial according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said second surface extends opposite at least a part of the radiation surface (12, 22a, 22b), said means for modifying the dimensions of the part forming the earth reference being control means (Pc) for said switchable junction, provided for disconnecting said second surface (11b, 21b) from said first surface (11a, 21a).
  4. Aerial according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second surface (11b) is of such dimensions as to extend opposite only a part of said radiation surface (12), so that said radiation surface has either a complete earth reference or a partial earth reference.
  5. Aerial according to claim 3, wherein the second surface (21b) is of such dimensions that said radiation surface has either a complete earth reference or no earth reference.
  6. Aerial according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the radiation surface comprises a first (22a) and at least one second radiation zone (22b) connected to said first zone (22a) by at least one switchable junction (26), means for controlling said junction (26) being provided for modifying the dimensions of the radiation surface while disconnecting said second zone (22b) from said first zone (22a).
  7. Aerial according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the means adapted to disconnect, from the earth plane, all or part of the surface of the earth plane that extends opposite the radiation surface are activated so as to reduce said dimensions when the aerial is in the receiving phase.
  8. Aerial according to one of claims 1 to 6, integrated in a mobile telephone handset, wherein the means adapted to disconnect are activated as a function of information relating to the arrangement of said handset.
  9. Mobile telephone handset, characterised in that it comprises an aerial according to one of claims 1 to 8.
  10. Method of controlling an aerial according to one of claims 1 to 8, implementing the control of the means for modifying the dimensions of said part forming the earth reference, so that the aerial takes on a first configuration in which the radiation surface has a complete earth reference so as to resonate in a first frequency band, or a second configuration wherein the radiation surface has a partial earth reference so as to resonate in a second frequency band which is wider than said first frequency band; the earth plane in said aerial comprising a first surface (11a, 21 a) connected to earth and at least one second surface (11b, 21 b), said first and second surfaces being connectable by at least one switchable junction (15, 25), said means for modifying the dimensions of the earth reference being activated to reduce the said dimensions when the aerial is in the receiving phase or as a function of information relating to the arrangement of a mobile telephone handset in which the aerial is integrated.
EP06290353A 2005-03-02 2006-03-02 Planar antenna with a ground plane whose dimensions can be modified Not-in-force EP1701406B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR0502102A FR2882854B1 (en) 2005-03-02 2005-03-02 IMPROVEMENT TO PLANAR ANTENNAS

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EP1701406B1 true EP1701406B1 (en) 2010-07-28

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US8502739B2 (en) * 2007-06-22 2013-08-06 Nokia Corporation Antenna arrangement
GB0816760D0 (en) * 2008-09-12 2008-10-22 Univ Birmingham Multifunctional antenna
CN101719584B (en) * 2009-12-24 2013-08-28 华为终端有限公司 Reconfigurable mobile phone built-in antenna and implementation method thereof
KR20130038515A (en) 2011-10-10 2013-04-18 삼성전자주식회사 Mobile terminal, and method for improving radiation performance and specific absorption rate of an antenna of a mobile terminal
CN105322289A (en) * 2015-11-25 2016-02-10 电子科技大学 Novel RFID circularly polarized antenna

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US20030193437A1 (en) * 2002-04-11 2003-10-16 Nokia Corporation Method and system for improving isolation in radio-frequency antennas

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AU7048300A (en) * 1999-09-10 2001-04-17 Avantego Ab Antenna arrangement
US6844852B1 (en) * 2003-03-31 2005-01-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Microelectromechanical systems actuator based reconfigurable printed antenna
US6906680B2 (en) * 2003-07-24 2005-06-14 Harris Corporation Conductive fluid ground plane

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US20030193437A1 (en) * 2002-04-11 2003-10-16 Nokia Corporation Method and system for improving isolation in radio-frequency antennas

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EP1701406A1 (en) 2006-09-13
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DE602006015732D1 (en) 2010-09-09
ES2349108T3 (en) 2010-12-28

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