EP1696181A1 - Radiator with an external electric heating element - Google Patents

Abstract

Heater (1) has at least a secondary electrically isolating insulating means, which is arranged such that at the heater and at the electrical heating element, both insulating means (9,10) are effective between the heater and the electrically heating element which is completely surrounded by one or both insulating means.

Description

The present invention relates to a radiator which is at least partially filled with a heating medium or can be flowed through by a heating medium, wherein at least one is provided on an outer side of the radiator with the interposition of a first electrically insulating insulating means mounted electrical heating element.

Such radiators are known for example from German Utility Model DE 299 18 763 U1. In this case, the electric heating element is used as additional heating for the radiator, which allows in particular in the transitional period of spring or autumn electrical heating when the central heating system is already or still off.

They have the advantage over conventional heaters having an internal electrical heating element which comes into direct contact with the heating medium in the manner of a immersion heater, that they are simpler in construction, since there are no sealing problems in performing the cables for the electric heating element. So leak points are easily prevented safely. Also Siedigeräusche that may occur in internal arrangement due to limescale or dirt deposits on the heating element are effectively prevented by externally mounted electrical heating elements.

Safety issues may exist with such radiators by the live electrical heating elements, if the insulation is damaged, so that a current flow in the radiator occur and could endanger safe operation of the radiator.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a structurally simple and inexpensive to manufacture radiator of the type mentioned above, which is characterized by a particularly high level of safety and represents no danger to users even with damage to the insulation. The radiator should be safe to operate in damp rooms, especially in the immediate vicinity of a shower or a bath.

This object is achieved by a radiator according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

It is essential in the inventive solution that at least two electrically insulating insulating means are arranged on the radiator and / or on the at least one electric heating element, that both the first and the second insulating means between the radiator and the at least one electric heating element are effective ,

The main advantage lies in the fact that a double insulation of the electric heating element is given to the radiator. Therefore, even with the damage of an insulating agent still a fully effective second insulation means is present, so that a risk of persons with very high security can be excluded.

In this particularly simple manner, a radiator is created, which meets particularly high safety requirements. Nevertheless, it is inexpensive to manufacture due to its simple construction.

It is particularly advantageous if the electrical heating element is completely surrounded by at least one insulating means or completely by both insulation means. As a result, the safety compared to the prior art embodiment according to DE 299 18 763 U1 can be further increased, since there touching the exposed outside of the electric heating element is possible.

A particularly small-sized and thus visually less disturbing embodiment can be achieved in that one or both insulating means is or are formed by a coating of the electric heating element. This allows a particularly flat design. The insulating means may also be in the form of layers, for example by a plastic layer and / or by an enamel layer.

If the first insulating means and / or the second insulating means comprises an enamel coating, a particularly good efficiency of the electrical insulation means can be achieved. In a structurally particularly simple and inexpensive embodiment, the first insulating means and / or the second insulating means may consist of a plastic, preferably of a thermoplastic material.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, both insulation means may consist of different materials or of different material compositions. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, however, both insulation means may consist of the same material or of the same material composition.

It is particularly advantageous if the two insulation means abut each other directly. For example, two insulation layers can be applied one above the other.

Alternatively, however, the second insulation means may be arranged at a distance from the first insulation means. This distance can be left free or completely or partially filled with intermediate elements.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that an intermediate element, in particular an intermediate layer, is arranged between the two insulation means. In this case, an intermediate layer or at least one intermediate element can be arranged at one point or at several points between the two insulation means.

It is particularly advantageous if the intermediate element or the intermediate layer comprises at least one electrical conductor. For example, one or more electrical interconnects may be provided as an intermediate element or an electrically conductive layer, in particular a film, as an intermediate layer. By arranging an electrical conductor between the two electrical insulation means, the effectiveness of the two electrical insulation means can be measured separately, which represents a particular advantage for the homologation or for the approval of the radiator or a corresponding additional electric heater.

In this way, advantageously, both electrical insulation layers can be made particularly thin, since their required effect is individually detectable, so that unnecessarily large layer thicknesses, which would be necessary for the sake of safety, without the possibility of separate measurement of the two insulating layers for sufficient effectiveness, can be avoided. Thus, the required for the approval of a radiator with additional electric heater insulation effect, for example, already be demonstrated at a thickness of the insulating layers, which is reduced over the standard required layer thicknesses by up to 80 to 90%. Thinner insulation layers, in turn, not only save space, but above all an advantage in the efficiency of the desired electric heating element, which allows a more cost-effective operation of the electric heater.

It is furthermore particularly advantageous if the intermediate element comprises at least one electrical conductor track, which is applied to the first electrical insulation means, and in that the second electrical insulation means is applied to the at least one electrical conductor track in such a way that it is not covered by the electrical conductor track Areas of the first electrical insulation means comes into contact. In this way, a manufacturing technology particularly simple and a particularly small-sized design allows. In particular, the electrical conductor track applied to the first electrical insulation means can be cast into the insulation layer forming the second electrical insulation means.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that at least on the side facing away from the radiator side of the electric heating element is provided at least one mechanical insulation means which prevents direct contact of persons or objects with the electric heating element. As a result, the safety of the radiator during electrical operation can be significantly increased again.

In this case, the mechanical insulation means can be formed for example by a plurality of bridge elements. Preferably, these bridge elements may be arranged in the form of a cage, so that a free air circulation is not hindered on the electric heating element.

However, it is particularly advantageous if the mechanical insulation means is designed in the form of a housing which is formed completely or at least predominantly closed. The housing may be made entirely or partially of plastic or preferably of metal, in particular of aluminum.

It is also particularly advantageous if the heating element is designed as a PTC heating element. A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating element has self-regulating semiconductor elements and therefore can be operated without a thermostat.

According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the electrical heating element comprises a carrier element, on which at least one electrical heating resistor is preferably applied directly or indirectly in tracks extending in a U-shaped manner. The support member may be formed in particular by a flat sheet. The support member may also be designed bendable or bent in order to adapt to different radiator surfaces can.

The radiator according to the invention may preferably be provided for connection to a central heating system, wherein it has a flow connection for the supply of a heating medium and a return connection for the discharge of the heating medium.

However, it is also possible that it is designed as a purely electric heating element and has an at least partially filled with a heating medium, tightly closed interior.

The present invention also relates to an electric heater with at least one electric heating element that can be attached to a radiator of the type described above. It comprises at least two electrically insulating insulating means which can be effective between the at least one electric heating element and a radiator. Furthermore, at least one intermediate element or an intermediate layer, which comprises at least one electrical conductor, is arranged between the two electrically insulating insulation means at least at one location.

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

Figur 1:

rückseitige Ansicht einer ersten Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizkörpers;

Figur 2:

rückseitige Ansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizkörpers;

Figur 3:

Seitenansicht des Heizkörpers aus Figur 2;

Figur 4:

vergrößerte Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsvariante eines elektrischen Heizelements im Querschnitt;

Figur 5:

vergrößerte Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsvariante eines elektrischen Heizelements im Querschnitt;

Figur 6:

Ansicht einer dritten Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizkörpers mit eingesetzter elektrischer Heizeinrichtung;

Figur 7:

Ansicht des Heizkörpers aus Figur 6 mit separater elektrischer Heizeinrichtung;

Figur 8:

Querschnitt durch die elektrische Heizeinrichtung aus den Figuren 6 und 7;

Figur 9:

vergrößerte Darstellung der Einzelheit E aus Figur 8; und

Figur 10:

nochmals vergrößerte Darstellung des Details D aus Figur 9.

Show it:

FIG. 1:

rear view of a first embodiment of a radiator according to the invention;

FIG. 2:

rear view of a second embodiment of a radiator according to the invention;

FIG. 3:

Side view of the radiator of Figure 2;

FIG. 4:

enlarged view of a first embodiment of an electric heating element in cross section;

FIG. 5:

enlarged view of a second embodiment of an electric heating element in cross section;

FIG. 6:

View of a third embodiment of a radiator according to the invention with inserted electrical heating device;

FIG. 7:

View of the radiator of Figure 6 with separate electrical heater;

FIG. 8:

Cross section through the electric heater of Figures 6 and 7;

FIG. 9:

enlarged view of the detail E of Figure 8; and

FIG. 10:

again enlarged view of the detail D of Figure 9.

FIG. 1 shows a panel heater 1 comprising a front heating plate 2 and a rear heating plate 3. Both heating plates 2, 3 are flowed through by the heating medium of a central heating system. The rear heating plate 3 has on its back four holding devices 4, via which the radiator 1 can be mounted on a wall.

In the lower edge region 5 of the rear heating plate 3, an electric heating element 6 is attached. This attachment can for example be made cohesively, in particular by gluing or non-positively via clamping means. The electric heating element 6 is thus applied to the outside of the radiator 1 and is not in contact with the heating medium.

In the figures 2 and 3, a tubular heater 1 is shown, the bottom and top each having a horizontally extending manifold 7 and a plurality of extending therebetween, here flat-shaped heating tubes 8. Both the two distribution pipes 7 and the heating pipes 8 are flowed through during operation by the heating medium of a central heating system. Slightly above the lower manifold 7, an electric heating element 6 is mounted on the back of the heating tubes 8, which may also be fixed cohesively or non-positively. Again, the electric heating element 6 is externally applied to the radiator 1 and is not in contact with the heating medium.

In the side view of Figure 3 is easy to see that the heating element 6 is designed as a flat component is very thin and thus takes up very little space. Since it is mounted on the back of the radiator 1, it can not be seen from the room facing the front. There are also no disturbing and outwardly projecting sockets available, as they are required in conventional heating cartridges that come into contact with the heating medium inside a radiator.

According to the invention, at least two electrically insulating insulating means 9 and 10 are arranged between the heating element 1 and the electric heating element 6, which in this way isolate the heating element 1 twice from the electric heating element 6 and enable particularly safe operation. Both insulation means 9, 10 are here layered designed as enamel coating.

The electric heating element 6 is applied to a flat support plate 11, the electrical resistance paths 12 carries directly or indirectly. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the electrical resistance paths 12 are applied directly to the support plate 11, for example, printed. The two insulation layers 9 and 10 are located here between the radiator 1 and the support plate 11, wherein the electrical resistance paths 12 are located on the surface facing away from the radiator 1 surface of the support plate 11. Advantageously, they may also be covered there by a coating and / or by a mechanical insulation means, in particular by a plastic cage to further increase the security.

In the preferred embodiment variant shown in FIG. 5, the support plate 11 is fastened directly on the radiator 1. The two electrical insulation layers 9 and 10 are in this case between the support plate 11 and the electrical resistance paths 12, which are applied to the second insulation layer 10. Here, too, further outer coating and / or an external mechanical insulation means, for example a plastic cage, may be provided to further increase safety.

Also in Figures 6 and 7, a plate heater 1 with a front heating plate 2 and a rear heating plate 3 is shown. In contrast to Figure 1, an electric heater 13 is provided here, in the lower region 5 of the radiator 1 between the two heating plates 2 and 3 on a the inside surfaces 14 of the two heating plates 2, 3 can be attached. In this way, the electric heater 13 in the inner space 15 of the radiator 1 can be mounted. It can only be seen from the bottom of the radiator 1 ago, which is not possible with a conventional wall mounting of the radiator and thus visually not noticeable.

Again, the electric heater 13 can be attached cohesively, in particular by gluing, or non-positively via clamping means. The also subsequently attachable and in Figure 7 also detached from the radiator 1 shown as an independent unit electric heater 13 has a housing made of aluminum 16, which is shown in Figure 8 in cross section. It consists of a thermally conductive base plate formed by a support plate 11 and a housing upper part 17 attached thereto, which by means of a seal 18 which is inserted into a groove formed on the free edge 19 of the upper housing part 17, with respect to the support plate 11 and against the thereof applied insulating layers 9 and 10 is sealed (Figure 9). This results in a splash-proof embodiment, which allows in particular the use in bathrooms.

Inside the electric heater 13 is the electric heating element 6, which also includes a plurality of electrical resistance paths 12 here. The resistance tracks 12 are applied to the first insulation layer 9, which in turn is applied to the second insulation layer 10, which is thus further away from the heating element 6 than the first insulation layer 9. The second insulation layer 10 is in turn applied to the support plate 11 (FIG ). Further, in the interior of the housing 16 also not shown drawing elements for parallel operation of a plurality of heating resistors 12 and / or a thermostat, in particular a contact thermostat can be arranged.

As can be further seen in particular from FIG. 10, a plurality of electrical conductor tracks 20 are between the two insulation layers 9 and 10 arranged, which together form an intermediate element 21. In this way, in the context of homologation, the effectiveness of the two electrical insulation layers 9 and 10 can each be checked or measured separately. In this case, the electrical conductor tracks 20 are first applied to the second insulation layer 10, which is further removed from the heating element 6, and then encapsulated by the first insulation layer 9. Thus, the electrical conductors 20 are completely surrounded not only on their top and bottom, but also on their side edges of the insulating layers 9, 10. In the areas not covered by the electrical conductor tracks 20, the two insulation layers 9 and 10 directly adjoin one another.

Bezugiszeichenliste

1

panel radiators

2

front heating plate

3

rear heating plate

4

holder

5

lower edge area

6

electric heating element

7

manifold

8th

heating pipe

9

electrically insulating insulating means

10

electrically insulating insulating means

11

support plate

12

electrical resistance paths

13

electric heating device

14

inside surface

15

inner space

16

casing

17

Housing top

18

poetry

19

edge

20

electrical conductors

21

intermediate element

Claims (12)

Radiator (1) which is at least partially filled with a heating medium or by a heating medium, wherein at least one on an outer side of the radiator (1) with the interposition of a first electrical insulation means (9) mounted electrical heating element (6) is provided
characterized,
in that at least one second electrically insulating insulating means (10) is arranged on the heating body (1) and / or on the at least one electrical heating element (6) such that both insulation means (9, 10) are arranged between the heating body (1) and the at least one electrical heating element (6) are effective. Radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that one or both insulation means (9, 10) is or are formed by a coating of the electric heating element (6) or by a plastic layer or by an enamel layer. Radiator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the two insulation means (9, 10) at least at one point at least one intermediate element (21) or an intermediate layer is arranged. Radiator according to claim 3, characterized in that the intermediate element (21) or the intermediate layer comprises at least one electrical conductor (20). Radiator according to claim 4, characterized in that the intermediate element (21) comprises at least one electrical conductor track (20) which is applied to the first electrical insulation means (9), and in that the second electrical insulation means (10) on the at least one electrical Conductor (20) is applied so that it comes into contact with the not covered by the electrical conductor (20) areas of the first electrical insulation means (9). Radiator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least on the side facing away from the radiator (1) side of the electric heating element (6) at least one mechanical insulation means (16, 17) is provided which direct contact of persons or objects with the electrical Heating element (6) prevented. Radiator according to claim 6, characterized in that the mechanical insulation means in the form of a housing (16) is formed, which is preferably made of metal, in particular of aluminum. Radiator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating element (6) is designed as a PTC heating element. Radiator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical heating element (6) comprises a carrier element (11), in particular a flat sheet on which directly or indirectly an electrical heating resistor (12) is preferably applied web-shaped. Radiator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed for connection to a central heating system and has a flow connection for the supply of a heating medium and a return connection for the discharge of the heating medium. Radiator according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is designed as a purely electric heating element and has an at least partially filled with a heating medium, closed interior. Electric heating device (13) with at least one electrical heating element (6) for a radiator (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that it comprises at least two electrically insulating insulating means (9, 10) which can act between the at least one electrical heating element (6) and a heating element (1), and that between the two electrically insulating insulation means (9, 10) at least at one At least one intermediate element (21) or an intermediate layer is arranged, which comprises at least one electrical conductor (20).

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