Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
  • E04B1/3211—Structures with a vertical rotation axis or the like, e.g. semi-spherical structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
  • E04B1/3205—Structures with a longitudinal horizontal axis, e.g. cylindrical or prismatic structures

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of constructing a masonry structure comprising at least one arch or a vault.
• Masonry works with barrel vaults or cloister arches have been known since ancient times. But the construction of such buildings requires very qualified companions. The complexity and technicality required to produce works of this type therefore limit their dissemination.
• An object of the invention is therefore to propose a method of constructing a structure comprising an arch or a vault which can be implemented by personnel who are not specially qualified.
• Another object of the invention is to propose allowing the use of prefabricated elements which can be transported, stored and used, without requiring complex equipment or infrastructure.
• the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a structure comprising at least one arch and comprising the steps consisting in: - producing at least two pillars having a structure formed of hollow bushels, - engaging in each of these pillars an arc of circle, - fix on the chaining at least one element substantially in the shape of a U turned towards the extrados side of the arch, - fill the entire chaining between each of the two feet with U-shaped elements, - pour a binder in the U-shaped elements and the pillars to form an arc.
• the basic idea of the invention is to create a structure from prefabricated U-shaped elements then to pour a binder in the U-shaped elements to obtain beams which will allow the structure to ensure a recovery of forces. important.
• the method provides for connecting by chaining the base and the top of at least two pillars, which makes it possible to produce a structure having remarkable properties when it is subjected to earthquakes.
• the invention also relates to construction elements for the implementation of this method, each element being prefabricated in cellular concrete, which makes it possible to obtain elements which can be handled by an operator without using lifting devices or handling.
• the covering elements have at least one side having a hooking heel and at least one side having a shoulder
• - the facing elements have a shoulder enabling them to be hung on an arc
• - the facing elements have a rectangular part and an oblique nose.
• Figure 1 is a perspective view of a work in progress
• Figure 2 is a perspective view of the work under construction
• Figure 3 is another view of the work under construction
• Figure 4 is a section view according to IV-IV of Figure 3
• Figure 5 is a perspective view of a work according to the invention
• Figure 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a work according to the invention.
• the structure shown has four pillars 2. These pillars 2 can rest on concrete footings which are not part of the invention.
• Each of these pillars 2 consists of bushels, that is to say hollow and superimposed elements.
• These precast elements can be made of cellular concrete and, in this case, are, therefore, of a small mass which allows an operator to handle them without a lifting device.
• the first process step according to the invention thus consists in installing pillars with a hollow structure.
• these pillars are arranged in a square.
• each pillar is surmounted by hollow arc starting elements 4 which integrate arcing primers in the direction of the other three pillars.
• the second step of the method according to the invention consists in engaging chains 5 in an arc of circle in each of the feet.
• These linkages 5 are prefabricated according to dimensions varying as a function of the distance which separates each of the pillars.
• the chaining can in particular be carried out by three rounds of steel linked in pairs by a mesh of expanded metal, for example sinusoidal. In a simple manner, it can be provided to fix the expanded metal mesh on the steel rings by crimped rings.
• each of the pillars 2 three chaining starts from each of the pillars 2.
• the chaining is arranged along the sides of the square formed by the four pillars 2 and, along the diagonals of this square, the chaining diagonal being of course longer than the side ties.
• the third step plans to fix on the chaining elements 7 in U and to completely cover these with elements 7 in U. To do this, each element 7 in U is glued to the previous one.
• the U-shaped elements 7 are prefabricated in cellular concrete by inclusion of polystyrene beads and thus have a moderate mass since the density of cellular concrete is much lower than that of conventional concrete.
• each U-shaped element 7 made of cellular concrete can be lifted and put in place by human force, without using lifting instruments.
• the elements 7 in U made of cellular concrete, can be cut with a handsaw if necessary to adapt perfectly to the chaining 5.
• it is not necessary to put in place supporting equipment as is the case when making traditional arches. Traditionally, you have to support each segment until the keystone is put in place. None of this is necessary with the method according to the invention, since each of the elements 7 in U, having a low mass, is glued to the previous element as and when the elements 7 in U are installed. Bonding of the U-shaped elements together can be achieved with a micro mortar.
• Each element 9 has on its face corresponding to the upper surface of the roof a construction on two of its consecutive sides a heel 10 and on its two other sides a shoulder 11.
• This structure is common to all the covering elements, except for the covering elements 9 ′ adjacent to the diagonal arcs which have a hooking heel on three sides.
• the covering elements 9 ′ have an oblique side to match the diagonal arc.
• the covering elements 9 ′ are rectangular.
• the first elements of the covering 9 are first of all placed from each pillar, until forming the entire arch.
• the covering elements are, like the elements previously used, of a mass which allows their manipulation by a single man.
• the covering elements 9 are fixed on the one hand by covering the hooking heel 10 with a covering element on the shoulder 11 of the covering element 9 previously laid and, on the other hand, by a bonding which is however not absolutely necessary, the mechanical fitting being normally sufficient.
• the last step of the process provides for the installation of facing elements which will constitute the four faces of the structure.
• the side facing elements has a rectangular part extended by an oblique nose.
• each facing element 13 presented on its inner face a shoulder 15 which allows to come to bear the U-shaped elements forming the side arcs of the structure.
• the side facing elements 13 are placed successively one above the other, the rectangular part prevents their tilting during their installation.
• Figure 6 shows another possibility of implementing the invention comprising several parallel arcs between which are arranged covering elements.
• Another induced advantage of the invention is that it is possible to envisage diffusing a vaulted structure as shown in FIG. 4 in the form of a kit including all the elements, that is to say a bushel for the pillars, U-shaped elements, covering elements and facing elements as well as the chaining.
• these elements are molded in series, which of course allows an economy of scale and makes it possible to lower the cost prices.
• the invention makes it possible in particular to produce a building which can support a roof or which can support a floor of a building. It is also envisaged to connect the base of the pillars by chaining so as to link the pillars which has the notable advantage of give a building thus constructed remarkable anti-seismic properties.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
• Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
• Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
• Retaining Walls (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=34630230

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 2003
  • 2003-12-17 FR FR0314780A patent/FR2864124B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2004
  • 2004-12-17 WO PCT/FR2004/003297 patent/WO2005059262A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2004-12-17 EP EP04816431A patent/EP1694925A2/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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