EP1694127A2 - Synergistische insektizide mischungen - Google Patents
Synergistische insektizide mischungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1694127A2 EP1694127A2 EP04803380A EP04803380A EP1694127A2 EP 1694127 A2 EP1694127 A2 EP 1694127A2 EP 04803380 A EP04803380 A EP 04803380A EP 04803380 A EP04803380 A EP 04803380A EP 1694127 A2 EP1694127 A2 EP 1694127A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spp
- triflumuron
- active
- active ingredients
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- MRUMAIRJPMUAPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MRUMAIRJPMUAPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000018 receptor agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940044601 receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- YGBMMMOLNODPBP-GWGZPXPZSA-N s-ethyl (2e,4e)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienethioate Chemical compound CCSC(=O)\C=C(/C)\C=C\CC(C)CCCC(C)(C)OC YGBMMMOLNODPBP-GWGZPXPZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003195 sodium channel blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfluramid Chemical compound CCNS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XIUROWKZWPIAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfotep Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OP(=S)(OCC)OCC XIUROWKZWPIAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXHJNEJVUNHLKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulprofos Chemical compound CCCSP(=S)(OCC)OC1=CC=C(SC)C=C1 JXHJNEJVUNHLKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005936 tau-Fluvalinate Substances 0.000 description 1
- INISTDXBRIBGOC-XMMISQBUSA-N tau-fluvalinate Chemical compound N([C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)OC(C#N)C=1C=C(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl INISTDXBRIBGOC-XMMISQBUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebufenozide Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1C(=O)NN(C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZYSLNWGKKDOML-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebufenpyrad Chemical compound CCC1=NN(C)C(C(=O)NCC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1Cl ZZYSLNWGKKDOML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWYOMXWDGWUJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebupirimfos Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OC(C)C)OC1=CN=C(C(C)(C)C)N=C1 AWYOMXWDGWUJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQTLDIFVVHJORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tecnazene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl XQTLDIFVVHJORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJDWRQLODFKPEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N teflubenzuron Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(F)=C1C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=CC(Cl)=C(F)C(Cl)=C1F CJDWRQLODFKPEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWJZWCUNLNYYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N temephos Chemical compound C1=CC(OP(=S)(OC)OC)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(OP(=S)(OC)OC)C=C1 WWJZWCUNLNYYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IROINLKCQGIITA-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbutryn Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(NC(C)(C)C)=NC(SC)=N1 IROINLKCQGIITA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N terramycin dehydrate Natural products C1=CC=C2C(O)(C)C3C(O)C4C(N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)C4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPOWHSMECVNHAT-YERPJTIDSA-N tetcyclacis Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1N1[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]3[C@H]4N=N3)C[C@H]4[C@H]2N=N1 DPOWHSMECVNHAT-YERPJTIDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLGCXEBRWGEOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradifon Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl MLGCXEBRWGEOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005199 tetramethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004308 thiabendazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010296 thiabendazole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004546 thiabendazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WOSNCVAPUOFXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thifluzamide Chemical compound S1C(C)=NC(C(F)(F)F)=C1C(=O)NC1=C(Br)C=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1Br WOSNCVAPUOFXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OPASCBHCTNRLRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiometon Chemical compound CCSCCSP(=S)(OC)OC OPASCBHCTNRLRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical compound COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QERYCTSHXKAMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CS1 QERYCTSHXKAMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSOHVSNIQHGFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosultap disodium Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)SCC(N(C)C)CSS([O-])(=O)=O QSOHVSNIQHGFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBZIQQJJIKNWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolclofos-methyl Chemical compound COP(=S)(OC)OC1=C(Cl)C=C(C)C=C1Cl OBZIQQJJIKNWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPALTCMYPARVNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolfenpyrad Chemical compound CCC1=NN(C)C(C(=O)NCC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(C)=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1Cl WPALTCMYPARVNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N tralomethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C(Br)C(Br)(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N transfluthrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=C(F)C(F)=CC(F)=C1F DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAZVSMNPJJMILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triadimenol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BAZVSMNPJJMILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CSC1=NC(C(C)(C)C)=NN1C(=O)N(C)C NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazophos Chemical compound N1=C(OP(=S)(OCC)OCC)N=CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQGKIPDJXCAMSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazoxide Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2[N+]([O-])=NC=1N1C=CN=C1 IQGKIPDJXCAMSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVZPYZMQQDNINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(butylstannyloxy)stannane Chemical class CCCC[SnH](CCCC)O[SnH](CCCC)CCCC WVZPYZMQQDNINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFNPRTKVCGZMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(fluoro)stannane Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](F)(CCCC)CCCC DFNPRTKVCGZMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HFFZSMFXOBHQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributylstannyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC HFFZSMFXOBHQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1N1C=NN=C1S2 DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N triflumizole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(/COCCC)=N/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(F)(F)F HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RROQIUMZODEXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triforine Chemical compound O=CNC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)N1CCN(C(NC=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)CC1 RROQIUMZODEXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JARYYMUOCXVXNK-CSLFJTBJSA-N validamycin A Chemical compound N([C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H]1O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)CO)[C@H]1C=C(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JARYYMUOCXVXNK-CSLFJTBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vamidothion Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)SCCSP(=O)(OC)OC LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000228158 x Triticosecale Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylylcarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
Definitions
- the present invention relates to new active ingredient combinations which contain triflumuron and another active ingredient from the series of chloronicotinyls as active ingredients and have very good insecticidal properties.
- triflumuron can be used to control animal pests, especially insects.
- chloronicotinyls such as e.g. hnidacloprid, thiacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, aceta iprid, nitenpyram and dinotefuran are suitable for controlling animal pests, in particular insects.
- mixtures containing triflumuron and in each case a compound from the series of chloronicotinyls are synergistically active and are suitable for controlling animal pests. Because of this synergism, significantly smaller amounts of active ingredient can be used, i.e. the effect of the mixture is greater than the effect of the individual components.
- Page 706 for hnidacloprid Page 9 for Acetamiprid and Page 880 for Nitenpyram.
- Clothianidin has the formula
- the ratio of the active ingredients used to one another and the total amount of the mixture to be used depends on the type and the occurrence of the insects.
- the optimal ratios and total amounts used can be determined for each application using test series.
- a particularly preferred mixture according to the invention contains the active ingredients triflumuron and hnidacloprid.
- the weight ratio of the two active ingredients to one another is preferably between 100: 1 and 1: 100 and very particularly preferably between 10: 1 and 1:10.
- a particularly preferred mixture according to the invention contains the active ingredients triflumuron and acetamiprid.
- the weight ratio of the two active ingredients to one another is preferably between 100: 1 and 1: 100 and very particularly preferably between 10: 1 and 1:10.
- a particularly preferred mixture according to the invention contains the active ingredients triflumuron and nitenpyram.
- the weight ratio of the two active ingredients to one another is preferably between 100: 1 and 1: 100 and very particularly preferably between 10: 1 and 1:10.
- a particularly preferred mixture according to the invention contains the active ingredients triflumuron and dinotefuran.
- the weight ratio of the two active ingredients to one another is preferably between 100: 1 and 1: 100 and very particularly preferably between 10: 1 and 1:10.
- a particularly preferred mixture according to the invention contains the active ingredients triflumuron and thiamethoxam.
- the weight ratio of the two active ingredients to one another is preferably between 100: 1 and 1: 100 and very particularly preferably between 10: 1 and 1:10.
- a particularly preferred mixture according to the invention contains the active ingredients triflumuron and clothianidin.
- the weight ratio of the two active ingredients to one another in the mixture is preferably between 100: 1 and 1: 100 and very particularly preferably between 10: 1 and 1:10.
- a particularly preferred mixture according to the invention contains the active ingredients triflumuron and thiacloprid.
- the weight ratio of the two active ingredients to one another is preferably between 100: 1 and 1: 100 and very particularly preferably between 10: 1 and 1:10.
- the active substance combinations are suitable for good plant tolerance and favorable warm-blood toxicity for combating animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids and nematodes, which occur in agriculture, in forests, in the protection of stocks and materials as well as in the hygiene sector. They can preferably be used as pesticides. They are effective against normally sensitive and resistant species as well as against all or individual stages of development.
- the pests mentioned above include:
- Isopoda e.g. Oniscus asellus, Armadillidium vulgare, Porcellio scaber.
- Thysanura for example Lepisma saccharina.
- Collembola for example Onychiurus armatus.
- Orthoptera e.g. Acheta domesticus, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta migratoria migratorioides, Melanoplus spp., Schistocerca gregaria.
- Phthiraptera e.g. Pediculus humanus corporis, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Trichodectes spp., Damalinia spp.
- Thysanoptera e.g. Hercinothrips femoralis, Thrips tabaci, Thrips palmi, Frankliniella occidentalis.
- Homoptera e.g
- Hymenoptera e.g. Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.
- Chorioptes spp. Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus spp., Tetranychus spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Brevipalpus spp ..
- Plant parasitic nematodes include e.g. Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Heterodera spp., Globodera spp., Meloidogyne spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Longidorus spp., Xiphinema spp., Trichodorus spp., Bursaph.
- Plants are understood here to mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants).
- Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant cultivars which can or cannot be protected by plant breeders' rights.
- Plant parts are to be understood to mean all above-ground and underground parts and organs of the plants, such as sprout, leaf, flower and root, examples being leaves, Needles, stems, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds as well as roots, tubers and
- Rhizomes are listed.
- the plant parts also include crops and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, offshoots and
- the treatment of the plants and parts of plants according to the invention with the active compound combinations is carried out directly or by acting on their surroundings, living space or storage space according to the usual treatment methods, e.g. by dipping, spraying, vaporizing, atomizing, scattering, spreading and, in the case of propagation material, in particular in the case of seeds, furthermore by coating in one or more layers.
- the mixtures according to the invention are particularly suitable for the treatment of seeds.
- a large part of the damage to crops caused by pests arises from the infestation of the seed during storage and after the seed has been introduced into the soil, and during and immediately after the plants have germinated. This phase is particularly critical since the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particularly sensitive and even a little damage can lead to the death of the whole plant. There is therefore particularly great interest in protecting the seed and the germinating plant by using suitable means.
- the control of pests by treating the seeds of plants has been known for a long time and is the subject of constant improvements. Nevertheless, there are a number of problems with the treatment of seeds that cannot always be solved satisfactorily.
- the present invention therefore also relates in particular to a method for protecting seed and germinating plants from infestation by pests by treating the seed with an agent according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to the use of the agents according to the invention for the treatment of seeds to protect the seeds and the germinating plant from pests.
- the invention relates to seeds which have been treated with an agent according to the invention for protection against pests.
- One of the advantages of the present invention is that, because of the special systemic properties of the agents according to the invention, the treatment of the seeds with these agents not only protects the seeds themselves, but also the resulting plants from pests after emergence. In this way, the immediate treatment of the crop at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter can be omitted.
- Another advantage is the synergistic increase in the insecticidal activity of the agents according to the invention over the respective individual active ingredient, which goes beyond the sum of the effectiveness of the two active ingredients used individually. This enables the amount of active ingredient used to be optimized.
- the mixtures according to the invention can also be used in particular in the case of transgenic seeds, the plants resulting from this seed being capable of expressing a protein directed against pests.
- certain pests can already be controlled by the expression of the insecticidal protein, for example, and surprisingly they can also be used to supplement the synergistic effect comes the agents of the invention, which further improves the effectiveness of protection against pest infestation.
- compositions according to the invention are suitable for protecting seeds of any plant variety, as already mentioned above, which is used in agriculture, in greenhouses, in forests, in horticulture or in wine growing: in particular, these are seeds of corn, peanut, canola, rapeseed , Poppy, olive, coconut, cocoa, soy, cotton, beet (e.g. sugar beet and fodder beet), rice, millet, wheat, barley, oats, rye, sunflower, sugar cane or tobacco.
- the agents according to the invention are also suitable for the treatment of the seeds of fruit plants and vegetables as already mentioned above.
- the treatment of the seeds of corn, soybeans, cotton, wheat and canola or rapeseed is of particular importance.
- the mixture according to the invention comprising the active ingredients methiocarb and hnidacloprid, in particular for the treatment of the seeds of maize.
- transgenic seeds are also of particular importance.
- the heterologous genes in transgenic seeds can come from microorganisms such as Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium.
- the present invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of transgenic seeds which contain at least one heterologous gene which is derived from Bacillus sp. and whose gene product shows effectiveness against European corn borer and / or corn rootworm. It is particularly preferably a heterologous gene which comes from Bacillus thuringiensis.
- the agent according to the invention is applied to the seed alone or in a suitable formulation.
- the seed is preferably treated in a state in which it is so stable that no damage occurs during the treatment.
- the seed can be treated at any time between harvesting and sowing.
- seeds are used that have been separated from the plant and freed of pistons, shells, stems, husk, wool or pulp.
- the amount of the agent and / or other additives according to the invention applied to the seed is selected so that the germination of the seed is not impaired or the plant resulting therefrom is not damaged. This is particularly important for active substances that can show phytotoxic effects at certain application rates.
- the agents according to the invention can be applied directly, that is, without further
- Formulations and methods for seed treatment are known to the person skilled in the art and are e.g. described in the following documents: US 4,272,417 A, US 4,245,432 A, US
- the active substance combinations can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, granules, suspension emulsion concentrates, active substance-impregnated natural and synthetic substances and very fine encapsulations in polymeric substances.
- formulations are made in a known manner, e.g. by mixing the active ingredients with extenders, that is to say liquid solvents and / or solid carriers, optionally using surface-active agents, that is to say emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or foam-generating agents.
- extenders that is to say liquid solvents and / or solid carriers
- surface-active agents that is to say emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or foam-generating agents.
- organic solvents can also be used as auxiliary solvents.
- auxiliary solvents e.g. organic solvents
- aromatics such as xylene, toluene, or alkylnaphthalenes
- chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chlorethylenes or methylene chloride
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, e.g.
- Petroleum fractions mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol as well as their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, and water.
- ammonium salts and natural rock powders such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth and synthetic rock powders, such as highly disperse silica, aluminum oxide and silicates, as solid carriers for granulates are possible: e.g.
- emulsifiers and or foam-generating agents are: for example non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfonates and protein hydrolysates; Possible dispersants are: eg lignin sulfate leachate and methyl cellulose.
- Adhesives such as carboxymethyl cellulose, natural and synthetic powdery, granular or latex-shaped polymers, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids can be used in the formulations.
- Other additives can be mineral and vegetable oils.
- Dyes such as inorganic pigments, e.g. Iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc can be used.
- the formulations generally contain between 0.1 and 95% by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.
- the active compound combinations according to the invention preferably contain no further active compounds in addition to the two chloro nicotinyl insecticides of the formulas (I) to (VH).
- the active compound combinations according to the invention can optionally be present in commercially available formulations and in the use forms prepared from these formulations, in a mixture with other active compounds, such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth-regulating substances or herbicides.
- active compounds such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth-regulating substances or herbicides.
- Insecticides include, for example, phosphoric acid esters, carbamates, carboxylic acid esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenylureas, substances produced by microorganisms, etc.
- Famoxadone Fenapanil, Fenarimol, Fenbuconazole, Fenfiiram, Femtropan, Fenpiclonil, Fenpropidin, Fenpropimorph, Fentinacetat, Fentinhydroxyd, Ferba, Ferimzon, Fluazinam, Flumetover, Fluoromid, Fluquinconazol, Flurprimidol, Flusprimilol, Flusprimilol, Flusprimilol, Flusprimilol, Flusprimol, Flusprimol, Flusprimol, Flusprimol, Flusprimol, Flusprimol, Flusprimol, Flusprimol, Flusprimol, Flusprimol, Flusprimol, Flusprimol, Flusprimol, Flusprimol Fosetyl sodium, fthalide, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, furcarbonil, furconazole, furconazole-cis, furmecyclox,
- Mancopper Mancozeb, Maneb, Meferimzone, Mepanipyrim, Mepronil, Metalaxyl, Metconazol, Methasulfocarb, Methfuroxam, Metiram, Metomeclam, Metsulfovax, Mildiomycin, Myclobutanil, Myclozolin,
- Oxadixyl Oxamocarb, Oxolinicacid, Oxycarboxim, Oxyfenthiin,
- Paclobutrazol Pefurazoat, Penconazol, Pencycuron, Phosdiphen, Pimaricin, Piperalin, Polyoxin, Polyoxorim, probenazole, Prochloraz, Procy idon, Propamocarb, Propanosine-Sodium, Propiconazole, Propineb, Pyrazophos, Pyrifenox, Pyimyroxy, Pyrimethonil
- Tebuconazole Tecloftalam, Tecnazen, Tetcyclacis, Tetraconazole, Thiabendazole, Thicyofen, Thifluzamide, Thiophanate-methyl, Thiram, Tioxymid, Tolclofos-methyl, Tolylfluanid, Triadimefon, Tria- dimenol, triazbutil, triazoxide, trichlamide, tricyclazole, tridemoph, triflumizole, triforin, triticonazole,
- pyrethroids for example acrmathrin, AUethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin-S-cyclopentyl-isomer, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, chlovaporthrin, cis Resmethrin, cis-permethrin, clocythrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin (lR-isomer), Esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenphrhrin, fenprophrin, fenf
- organotins for example azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide
- METI's for example fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad
- Page-TTI-Elel tron transport inhibitors acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim
- Carboxamides for example flonicamide
- Octopaminergic agonists for example Amitraz
- Inhibitors of magnesium-stimulated ATPase for example propargite
- BDCAs for example N2- [l, l-dimethyl-2- (methylsulfonyl) ethyl] -3-iodo-Nl- [2-methyl-4- [1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-l- ( trifluorome yl) ethyl] phenyl] -l, 2-benzenedicarboxamide (CAS Reg.-No .: 272451-65-7)
- Nereistoxin analogs for example Thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate, Thiosultap-sodium
- the active compound combinations according to the invention can furthermore be present in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms prepared from these formulations in a mixture with synergists.
- Synergists are connections through which the effect of the active ingredients is increased without the added synergist itself being active.
- the active substance content of the use forms prepared from the commercially available formulations can vary within wide ranges.
- the active substance concentration of the use forms can be from 0.0000001 to 95% by weight of active substance, preferably between 0.0001 and 1% by weight.
- the application takes place in a customary manner adapted to the application forms.
- the active substance combinations When used against hygiene pests and pests of stored products, the active substance combinations are notable for an excellent residual action on wood and clay and for good stability to alkali on limed substrates.
- the active compound combinations according to the invention act not only against plant, hygiene and stored-product pests, but also in the veterinary sector against animal parasites (ectoparasites) such as tick ticks, leather ticks, mites, running mites, flies (stinging and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, Featherlings and fleas.
- animal parasites ectoparasites
- tick ticks leather ticks
- mites running mites
- flies stinging and licking
- parasitic fly larvae lice, hair lice, Featherlings and fleas.
- Anoplurida e.g. Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phtirus spp., Solenopotes spp.
- Nematocerina and Brachycerina e.g. Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota ., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Glossina spp.,
- Siphonaptrida e.g. Pulex spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Xenopsylla spp., Ceratophyllus spp.
- Actinedida Prostigmata
- Acaridida Acaridida
- Acarapis spp. Cheyletiella spp., Ornitrocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergates spp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodterol spp ., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp., Laminosioptes spp.
- the active compound combinations according to the invention are also suitable for combating arthropods which are used in farm animals, such as e.g. Cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffalo, rabbits, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, bees, other pets such as e.g. Dogs, cats, house birds, aquarium fish and so-called experimental animals, such as Infest hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice.
- farm animals such as e.g. Cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffalo, rabbits, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, bees, other pets such as e.g. Dogs, cats, house birds, aquarium fish and so-called experimental animals, such as Infest hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice.
- the active compound combinations according to the invention are used in the veterinary sector in a known manner by enteral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, drinkers, drenches, granules, pastes, boluses, the feed-through method, suppositories, by parenteral administration, for example by Injections (intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitonel, etc.), implants, by nasal application, by dermal application in the form of, for example, diving or bathing (dipping), spraying (spray), pouring on (pour-on and spot-on), washing , powdering and with the help of active substance-containing shaped bodies, such as collars, ear tags, tail tags, limb straps, holsters, marking devices, etc.
- enteral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, drinkers, drenches, granules, pastes, boluses, the feed-through method, suppositories
- parenteral administration for example
- the active ingredients can be formulated (for example powders, emulsions, flowable agents) which contain the active ingredients in an amount of 1 to 80% by weight, directly or after 100 to Apply a 10,000-fold dilution or use it as a chemical bath- It was also found that the active compound combinations according to the invention have a high insecticidal action against insects which destroy industrial materials.
- insects may be mentioned by way of example and preferably, but without limitation:
- Kalotermes flavicollis Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis, Coptotermes formosanus.
- Bristle tails such as Lepisma saccharina.
- non-living materials such as preferably plastics, adhesives, glues, papers and cartons, leather, wood, wood processing products and paints.
- the material to be protected from insect infestation is very particularly preferably wood and wood processing products.
- Wood and wood processing products that can be protected by the agent according to the invention or mixtures containing it are to be understood as examples:
- the active substance combinations can be used as such, in the form of concentrates or generally customary formulations such as powders, granules, solutions, suspensions, emulsions or pastes.
- the formulations mentioned can be prepared in a manner known per se, e.g. by mixing the active ingredients with at least one solvent or diluent, emulsifier, dispersant and / or binder or fixative, water repellent, optionally siccatives and UV stabilizers and optionally dyes and pigments and further processing aids.
- the insecticidal compositions or concentrates used to protect wood and wood-based materials contain the active ingredient according to the invention in a concentration of 0.0001 to 95% by weight, in particular 0.001 to 60% by weight.
- the amount of the agents or concentrates used depends on the type and occurrence of the insects and on the medium.
- the optimum amount to be used can be determined in each case by test series, but in general it is sufficient to use 0.0001 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 10% by weight, of the active ingredient, based on the material to be protected ,
- the organic chemical solvents used are preferably oily or oily solvents with an evaporation number above 35 and a flash point above 30 ° C., preferably above 45 ° C.
- Corresponding mineral oils or their aromatic fractions or mineral oil-containing solvent mixtures, preferably white spirit, petroleum and / or alkylbenzene, are used as such low-volatility, water-insoluble, oily and oily solvents.
- Mineral oils with a boiling range of 170 to 220 ° C, white spirit with a boiling range of 170 to 220 ° C, spindle oil with a boiling range of 250 to 350 ° C, petroleum or aromatics with a boiling range of 160 to 280 ° C, Te ⁇ entinöl and Like. Used.
- organic low-volatility oily or oily solvents with an evaporation number above 35 and a flash point above 30 ° C, preferably above 45 ° C can be partially replaced by slightly or medium-volatile organic chemical solvents, with the proviso that the solvent mixture also has an evaporation number 35 and a flash point above 30 ° C, preferably above 45 ° C, and that the insecticide-fungicide mixture is soluble or emulsifiable in this solvent mixture.
- part of the organic chemical solvent or solvent mixture is replaced by an aliphatic polar organic chemical solvent or solvent mixture.
- Aliphatic organic chemical solvents containing hydroxyl and / or ester and / or ether groups, such as, for example, glycol ethers, esters or the like, are preferably used.
- the organic-chemical binders used are the water-thinnable synthetic resins which are known per se and / or which are soluble or dispersible or emulsifiable in the organic chemical solvents used and / or binding drying oils, in particular binders consisting of or containing an acrylate resin, a vinyl resin, e.g. Polyvinyl acetate, polyester resin, polycondensation or polyaddition resin, polyurethane resin, alkyd resin or modified alkyd resin, phenolic resin, hydrocarbon resin such as friden-coumarone resin, silicone resin, drying vegetable and / or drying oils and / or physically drying binders based on a natural and / / or synthetic resin used.
- binders consisting of or containing an acrylate resin, a vinyl resin, e.g. Polyvinyl acetate, polyester resin, polycondensation or polyaddition resin, polyurethane resin, alkyd resin or modified alkyd resin, phenolic resin, hydrocarbon
- the synthetic resin used as a binder can be used in the form of an emulsion, dispersion or solution. Bitumen or bituminous substances up to 10% by weight can also be used as binders. In addition, known dyes, pigments, water-repellent agents, odor correctors and inhibitors or anticorrosive agents and the like can be used.
- At least one alkyd resin or modified alkyd resin and / or a drying vegetable oil is preferably contained in the agent or in the concentrate as the organic chemical binder.
- Alkyd resins with an oil content of more than 45% by weight, preferably 50 to 68% by weight, are preferably used according to the invention.
- binder mentioned can be replaced by a fixing agent (mixture) or a plasticizer (mixture). These additives are intended to volatilize the active ingredients and prevent crystallization or precipitation. They preferably replace 0.01 to 30% of the binder (based on 100% of the binder used).
- the plasticizers come from the chemical classes of phthalic acid esters such as dibutyl, dioctyl or benzyl butyl phthalate, phosphoric acid esters such as tributyl phosphate, adipic acid esters such as di- (2-ethylhexyl) adipate, stearates such as butyl stearate or amyl stearate, oleates such as butyl oleate, higher glycerol glycol or glycerol ether and p-toluenesulfonic acid ester.
- phthalic acid esters such as dibutyl, dioctyl or benzyl butyl phthalate
- phosphoric acid esters such as tributyl phosphate
- adipic acid esters such as di- (2-ethylhexyl) adipate
- stearates such as butyl stearate or amyl
- Fixing agents are chemically based on polyvinyl alkyl ethers such as e.g. Polyvinyl methyl ether or ketones such as benzophenone, ethylene benzophenone.
- Water is also particularly suitable as a solvent or diluent, optionally in a mixture with one or more of the above-mentioned organic chemical solvents or diluents, emulsifiers and dispersants.
- a particularly effective wood protection is achieved through industrial impregnation processes, e.g. Vacuum, double vacuum or pressure process.
- the ready-to-use compositions may also contain further insecticides and, if appropriate, one or more fungicides.
- the active substance combinations according to the invention can be used to protect objects, in particular ship hulls, sieves, nets, structures, quay systems and signaling systems which come into contact with sea or brackish water.
- Ledamo ⁇ ha barnacles
- Balanomo ⁇ ha barnacles
- Baianus or Pollicipes species increases the frictional resistance of Ships and subsequently leads to a significant increase in operating costs due to increased energy consumption and, moreover, frequent dry dock stays.
- active compound combinations according to the invention have an excellent antifouling effect.
- heavy metals such as in bis (trialkyltin) sulfides, tri-butyltin laurate, tri-n-butyltin chloride, copper (I) oxide, triethyltin chloride, tri-n-butyl (2- phenyl-4-chlo ⁇ henoxy) tin, tributyltin oxide, molybdenum disulfide, antimony oxide, polymeric butyl titanate, phenyl- (bispyridine) -wismutchlorid, tri- n-butylzinnfluorid, Manganethylenbisthiocarbamat, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, Zinkethylen- bisthiocarbamat, l 2-pyridinethiol-zinc and copper salts of -oxid, bisdimethyl .ithiocarb
- the ready-to-use antifouling paints can optionally contain other active ingredients, preferably algicides, fungicides, herbicides, molluscicides or other antifouling active ingredients.
- Suitable combination partners for the antifouling agents according to the invention are preferably:
- Algicides such as 2-tert-butylamino-4-cyclopropylamino-6-methylthio-l, 3,5-triazine, dichlorophen, diuron, endothal, fentin acetate, isoproturon, methabenzthiazuron, oxyfluorfen, quinoclamine and terbutryn;
- thiophenecarboxylic acid cyclohexylamide-S, S-dioxide, dichlofluanid, fluorfolpet, 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate, tolylfluanid and azoles such as
- Fe complexing agent Fe complexing agent, fentin acetate, metaldehyde, methiocarb, niclosamide, thiodicarb and trimethacarb;
- the antifouling agents used contain the active ingredient in a concentration of 0.001 to 50% by weight, in particular 0.01 to 20% by weight.
- the antifouling agents further contain the usual ingredients such as e.g. in Ungerer, Chem. Ind. 1985, 37, 730-732 and Williams, Antifouling Marine Coatings, Noyes, Park Ridge, 1973.
- antifouling paints contain binders in particular.
- Examples of recognized binders are polyvinyl chloride in a solvent system, chlorinated rubber in a solvent system, acrylic resins in a solvent system, in particular in an aqueous system, vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymer systems in the form of aqueous dispersions or in the form of organic solvent systems, butadiene / styrene / - acrylonitrile rubbers , drying oils, such as linseed oil, resin esters or modified hard resins in combination with tar or bitumen, asphalt and epoxy compounds, small amounts of chlorinated rubber, chlorinated polypropylene and vinyl resins.
- Paints may also contain inorganic pigments, organic pigments or dyes, which are preferably insoluble in seawater. Paints may also contain materials such as rosin to enable controlled release of the active ingredients. The paints may also contain plasticizers, theological properties modifiers and other conventional ingredients.
- the active substance combinations according to the invention can also be incorporated into self-polishing antifouling systems.
- the active substance combinations according to the invention are also suitable for controlling animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids and mites, which live in closed spaces, such as, for example, apartments, factory halls, offices, vehicle cabins and the like. occurrence. To combat these pests, they can be used alone or in combination with other active ingredients and auxiliaries in household insecticide products. They are effective against sensitive and resistant species and against all stages of development. These pests include:
- Sco ⁇ ionidea e.g. Buthus occitanus.
- Acarina for example Argas persicus, Argas reflexus, Bryobia ssp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Glyciphagus domesticus, Ornithodorus moubat, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Trombicula alfreddugesi, Neutrombicula autumnalis, Dermatophagoides pteronissimus forina.
- Araneae for example Aviculariidae, Araneidae.
- Opiliones e.g. Pseudosco ⁇ iones chelifer, Pseudosco ⁇ iones cheiridiuun, Opiliones phalangium.
- Diplopoda e.g. Blaniulus guttulatus, Polydesmus spp.
- Zygentoma e.g. Ctenolepisma spp., Lepisma saccharina, Lepismoc3.es inquilinus.
- Lepidoptera e.g. Achroia grisella, Galleria mellonella, Plodia inte ⁇ unctella, Tinea cloacella, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella.
- Ctenocephalides canis Ctenocephalides felis
- Pulex irritans Tunga penetrans
- Xenopsylla cheopis From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example Camponotus herculeanus, Lasius fuliginosus, Lasius niger, Lasius umbratus, Monomorium pharaonis, Paravespula spp., Tetramorium caespitum.
- the application in the field of household insecticides can also take place in combination with other suitable active ingredients such as phosphoric acid esters, carbamates, pyrethroids, growth regulators or active ingredients from other known insecticide classes.
- the application rates can be varied within a substantial range, depending on the type of application.
- the active compound combination application rates are generally between 0.1 and 10,000 g / ha, preferably between 10 and 1,000 g / ha.
- X effectiveness expressed in%, killing in comparison to the untreated control by compound A (active ingredient of the formula I) at a concentration of n ppm
- the effect of the combination is super-additive, that is, it shows a synergistic effect.
- Emulsifier 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with water containing emulsifier.
- Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into the preparation of active ingredient of the desired concentration and populated with caterpillars of the cotton capsule worm (Heliothis armigera) while the leaves are still moist.
- the kill is determined in%. 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that no caterpillars have been killed.
- the determined failure rates are calculated using the Colby formula.
- Emulsifier 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with water containing emulsifier.
- Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into the preparation of active compound of the desired concentration and populated with larvae of the horseradish beetle (Phaedon cochleariae) while the leaves are still moist.
- the kill is determined in%. 100% means that all beetle larvae have been killed; 0% means that none of the beetle larvae have been killed.
- the determined killing values are calculated using the Colby formula.
- Emulsifier 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with emulsifier-containing water.
- Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleraceä) are treated by dipping into the active ingredient preparation of the desired concentration and populated with caterpillars of the cockroach (Plutella xylostella, normally sensitive strain) while the leaves are still moist.
- the kill is determined in%. 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that no caterpillars have been killed.
- the determined kill rates are calculated using the Colby formula.
- Emulsifier 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with water containing emulsifier.
- Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into the preparation of active compound of the desired concentration and populated with caterpillars of the cockroach (Plutella xylostella, resistant stem) while the leaves are still moist.
- the kill is determined in%. 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that no caterpillars have been killed.
- the determined killing values are calculated using the Colby formula.
- Emulsifier 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
- active compound 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted to the desired concentration with water containing emulsifier.
- Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into the preparation of active compound of the desired concentration and are populated with caterpillars of the shrub owl (Spodoptera exig a) while the leaves are still moist.
- the kill is determined in%. 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that no caterpillars have been killed.
- the determined kill rates are calculated using the Colby formula.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft insektizide Mischungen, enthaltend Triflumuron und mindestens einen weiteren bekannten Wirkstoff aus der Reihe der Chlornicotinyle sowie die Verwendung dieser Mischungen zur Bekämpfung tierischer Schädlinge.
Description
Synergistische insektizide Mischungen
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft neue Wirkstoffkombinationen, die als Wirkstoffe Triflumuron und einen weiteren Wirkstoff aus der Reihe der Chlornicotinyle enthalten und sehr gute insektizide Eigenschaften besitzen.
Es ist bereits bekannt, dass Triflumuron zur Bekämpfung von tierischen Schädlingen, insbesondere Insekten eingesetzt werden kann. Weiterhin ist bekannt, dass sich Chlornicotinyle wie z.B. hnidacloprid, Thiacloprid, Clothianidin, Thiamethoxam, Aceta iprid, Nitenpyram und Dino- tefuran zur Bekämpfung von tierischen Schädlingen, insbesondere Insekten eignen.
Die Wirksamkeit dieser Verbindungen ist gut, lässt aber bei niedrigen Aufwandmengen oder gegen einzelne Schädlinge in manchen Fällen zu wünschen übrig.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass Mischungen enthaltend Triflumuron und jeweils eine Verbindung aus der Reihe der Chlornicotinyle synergistisch wirksam sind und sich zur Bekämpfung tierischer Schädlinge eignen. Aufgrund dieses Synergismus können deutlich geringere Wirkstoffmengen verwendet werden, d.h. die Wirkung der Mischung ist größer als die Wirkung der Einzelkompo- nenten.
Die genannten Verbindungen sind bekannt, beispielsweise aus „The Pesticide Manual", l l**1 Edition, 1997, published by British Crop Protection Conweil, siehe Seite 1246 für Triflumuron der Formel
Seite 706 für hnidacloprid, Seite 9 für Acetamiprid und Seite 880 für Nitenpyram.
Thiamethoxam hat die Formel
und ist bekannt aus EP 0580 553.
Clothianidin besitzt die Formel
und ist bekannt aus EP 0 376279.
Thiacloprid besitzt die Formel
und ist bekannt aus der EP 0235 725.
Dinotefuran besitzt die Formel
und ist bekannt aus EP 0 649 685.
Das Verhältnis der eingesetzten Wirkstoffe zueinander, sowie die anzuwendende Gesamtmenge der Mischung ist von der Art und dem Vorkommen der Insekten abhängig. Die optimalen Verhältnisse und Gesamteinsatzmengen können bei jeder Anwendung jeweils durch Testreihen ermittelt werden.
Eine besonders bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Mischung enthält die Wirkstoffe Triflumuron und hnidacloprid. In der Mischung liegt das Gewichtsverhältnis beider Wirkstoffe zueinander bevorzugt zwischen 100:1 und 1:100 und ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10:1 und 1:10.
Eine besonders bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Mischung enthält die Wirkstoffe Triflumuron und Acetamiprid. In der Mischung liegt das Gewichtsverhältnis beider Wirkstoffe zueinander bevorzugt zwischen 100:1 und 1:100 und ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10:1 und 1:10.
Eine besonders bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Mischung enthält die Wirkstoffe Triflumuron und Nitenpyram. In der Mischung liegt das Gewichtsverhältnis beider Wirkstoffe zueinander bevorzugt zwischen 100:1 und 1:100 und ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10:1 und 1:10.
Eine besonders bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Mischung enthält die Wirkstoffe Triflumuron und Dinotefuran. In der Mischung liegt das Gewichtsverhältnis beider Wirkstoffe zueinander bevorzugt zwischen 100:1 und 1:100 und ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10:1 und 1:10.
Eine besonders bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Mischung enthält die Wirkstoffe Triflumuron und Thiamethoxam. In der Mischung liegt das Gewichtsverhältnis beider Wirkstoffe zueinander bevorzugt zwischen 100:1 und 1:100 und ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10:1 und 1:10.
Eine besonders bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Mischung enthält die Wirkstoffe Triflumuron und Clothianidin. In der Mischung liegt das Gewichtsverhältnis beider Wirkstoffe zueinander bevor- zugt zwischen 100: 1 und 1 : 100 und ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10:1 und 1:10.
Eine besonders bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Mischung enthält die Wirkstoffe Triflumuron und Thiacloprid. In der Mischung liegt das Gewichtsverhältnis beider Wirkstoffe zueinander bevorzugt zwischen 100:1 und 1:100 und ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10:1 und 1:10.
Die Wirkstoffkombinationen eignen sich bei guter Pflanzenverträglichkeit und günstiger Warm- blütertoxizität zur Bekämpfung von tierischen Schädlingen, insbesondere Insekten, Spinnentieren und Nematoden, die in der Landwirtschaft, in Forsten, im Vorrats- und Materialschutz sowie auf dem Hygienesektor vorkommen. Sie können vorzugsweise als Pflanzenschutzmittel eingesetzt werden. Sie sind gegen normal sensible und resistente Arten sowie gegen alle oder einzelne Entwicklungsstadien wirksam. Zu den oben erwähnten Schädlingen gehören:
Aus der Ordnung der Isopoda z.B. Oniscus asellus, Armadillidium vulgäre, Porcellio scaber.
Aus der Ordnung der Diplopoda z.B. Blaniulus guttulatus.
Aus der Ordnung der Chilopoda z.B. Geophilus carpophagus, Scutigera spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Symphyla z.B. Scutigerella immaculata.
Aus der Ordnung der Thysanura z.B. Lepisma saccharina.
Aus der Ordnung der Collembola z.B. Onychiurus armatus.
Aus der Ordnung der Orthoptera z.B. Acheta domesticus, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta migratoria migratorioides, Melanoplus spp., Schistocerca gregaria.
Aus der Ordnung der Blattaria z.B. Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Leucophaea maderae, Blattella germanica.
Aus der Ordnung der Dermaptera z.B. Forficula auricularia.
Aus der Ordnung der Isoptera z.B. Reticulitermes spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Phthiraptera z.B. Pediculus humanus corporis, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Trichodectes spp., Damalinia spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Thysanoptera z.B. Hercinothrips femoralis, Thrips tabaci, Thrips palmi, Frankliniella occidentalis.
Aus der Ordnung der Heteroptera z.B. Eurygaster spp., Dysdercus intermedius, Piesma quadrata, Cimex lectularius, Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Homoptera z.B. Aleurodes brassicae, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, Aphis fabae, Aphis pomi, Eriosoma lanigerum, Hyalopterus arundinis, Phylloxera vastatrix, Pemphigus spp., Macro- siphum avenae, Myzus spp., Phorodon humuli, Rhopalosiphum padi, Empoasca spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Nephotettix cincticeps, Lecanium corni, Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus hederae, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Lepidoptera z.B. Pectinophora gossypiella, Bupalus piniarius, Cheimatobia brumata, Lithocolletis blancardella, Hyponomeuta padella, Plutella xylostella, Malacosoma neustria, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Lymantria spp., Bucculatrix thurberiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Agrotis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Earias insulana, Heliothis spp., Mamestra brassicae, Panolis flammea, Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni, Ca ocapsa pomonella, Pieris spp., Chilo spp., Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Galleria mellonella, Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Homona magnanima, Tortrix viridana, Cnaphalocerus spp., Oulema oryzae.
Aus der Ordnung der Coleoptera z.B. Anobium punctatum, Rhizopertha dominica, Bruchidius obtectus, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Hylotrupes bajulus, Agelastica alni, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochleariae, Diabrotica spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Epilachna varive-
stis, Atomaria spp., Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Anthonomus spp., Sitophilus spp., Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Cosmopolites sordidus, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Hypera postica, Dermestes spp., Trogoderma spp., Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Ptinus spp., Niptus hololeucus, Gibbium psylloides, Tribolium spp., Tenebrio molitor, Agriotes spp., Cono- derus spp., Melolontha melolontha, Amphimallon solstitialis, Costelytra zealandica, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus.
Aus der Ordnung der Hymenoptera z.B. Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Diptera z.B. Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Musca spp., Fannia spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Cuterebra spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hyppobosca spp., Stomoxys spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Bibio hortulanus, Oscinella frit, Phorbia spp., Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus oleae, Tipula paludosa, Hylemyia spp., Liriomyza spp..
Aus der Ordnung der Siphonaptera z.B. Xenopsylla cheopis, Ceratophyllus spp..
Aus der Klasse der Arachnida z.B. Scorpio maurus, Latrodectus mactans, Acarus siro, Argas spp., Ornithodoros spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eriophyes ribis, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Boophilus spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus spp., Tetranychus spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Brevipalpus spp..
Zu den pflanzenparasitären Nematoden gehören z.B. Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Heterodera spp., Globodera spp., Meloidogyne spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Longidorus spp., Xiphinema spp., Trichodorus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp.
Erfindungsgemäß können alle Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile behandelt werden. Unter Pflanzen werden hierbei alle Pflanzen und Pflanzenpopulationen verstanden, wie erwünschte und unerwünschte Wildpflanzen oder Kulturpflanzen (einschließlich natürlich vorkommender Kulturpflanzen). Kulturpflanzen können Pflanzen sein, die durch konventionelle Züchtungs- und Optimierungsmethoden oder durch biotechnologische und gentechnologische Methoden oder Kombinationen dieser Methoden erhalten werden können, einschließlich der transgenen Pflanzen und einschließlich der durch Sortenschutzrechte schützbaren oder nicht schützbaren Pflanzensorten. Unter Pflanzenteilen sollen alle oberirdischen und unterirdischen Teile und Organe der Pflanzen, wie Sproß, Blatt, Blüte und Wurzel verstanden werden, wobei beispielhaft Blätter,
Nadeln, Stengel, Stämme, Blüten, Fruchtkörper, Früchte und Samen sowie Wurzeln, Knollen und
Rhizome aufgeführt werden. Zu den Pflanzenteilen gehört auch Erntegut sowie vegetatives und generatives Vermehrungsmaterial, beispielsweise Stecklinge, Knollen, Rhizome, Ableger und
Samen.
Hervorgehoben sei hierbei die besonders vorteilhafte Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel hinsichtlich der Anwendung in Getreidepflanzen, wie z.B. Weizen, Hafer, Gerste, Dinkel, Triticale und Roggen, aber auch in Mais, Hirse, Reis, Zuckerrohr, Soja, Sonnenblumen, Kartoffeln, Baumwolle, Raps, Canola, Tabak, Zuckerrüben Futterrüben, Spargel, Hopfen sowie Obstpflanzen (umfassend Kernobst wie z.B. Äpfel und Birnen, Steinobst wie z.B. Pfirsiche, Nektarinen, Kirschen, Pflaumen und Aprikosen, Zitrusfrüchte wie z.B. Orangen, Grapefruits, Limetten, Zitronen, Kumquats, Mandarinen und Satsumas, Nüsse wie z.B. Pistazien, Mandeln, Walnüsse und Pecannüsse, tropische Früchte wie z.B. Mango, Papaya, Ananas, Datteln und Bananen, und Weintrauben) und Gemüse (umfassend Blattgemüse, wie z.B. Endivien, Feldsalat, Knollenfenchel, Kopf- und Pflücksalate, Mangold, Spinat und Zichoriensalat, Kohlgemüse wie z.B. Blumenkohl, Brokkoli, Chinakohl, Grünkohl (Winter- oder Krauskohl), Kohlrabi, Rosenkohl, Rotkohl, Weißkohl und Wirsing, Fruchtgemüse wie z.B. Auberginen, Gurken, Paprika, Speisekürbisse, Tomaten, Zucchini und Zuckermais, Wurzelgemüse wie z.B. Knollensellerie, Mairüben, Möhren, Gelbe Rüben, Radieschen, Rettich, Rote Rüben, Schwarzwurzeln und Stangensellerie, Hülsenfrüchte wie z.B. Erbsen und Bohnen sowie Zwiebelgemüse wie z.B. Lauch und Speisezwiebeln).
Die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung der Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile mit den Wirkstoffkombinationen erfolgt direkt oder durch Einwirkung auf deren Umgebung, Lebensraum oder Lagerraum nach den üblichen Behandlungsmethoden, z.B. durch Tauchen, Sprühen, Verdampfen, Vernebeln, Streuen, Aufstreichen und bei Vermehrungsmaterial, insbesondere bei Samen, weiterhin durch ein- oder mehrschichtiges Umhüllen.
Insbesondere eignen sich die erfϊndungsgemäßen Mischungen zur Behandlung von Saatgut. So entsteht ein großer Teil des durch Schädlinge verursachten Schadens an Kulturpflanzen bereits durch den Befall des Saatguts während der Lagerung und nach dem Einbringen des Saatguts in den Boden sowie während und unmittelbar nach der Keimung der Pflanzen. Diese Phase ist besonders kritisch, da die Wurzeln und Sprosse der wachsenden Pflanze besonders empfindlich sind und bereits ein geringer Schaden zum Absterben der ganzen Pflanze führen kann. Es besteht daher ein insbesondere großes Interesse daran, das Saatgut und die keimende Pflanze durch den Einsatz geeigneter Mittel zu schützen.
Die Bekämpfung von Schädlingen durch die Behandlung des Saatguts von Pflanzen ist seit langem bekannt und ist Gegenstand ständiger Verbesserungen. Dennoch ergeben sich bei der Behandlung von Saatgut eine Reihe von Problemen, die nicht immer zufrieden stellen gelöst werden können. So ist es erstrebenswert, Verfahren zum Schutz des Saatguts und der keimenden Pflanze zu entwickeln, die das zusätzliche Ausbringen von Pflanzenschutzmitteln nach der Saat oder nach dem Auflaufen der Pflanzen überflüssig machen. Es ist weiterhin erstrebenswert, die Menge des eingesetzten Wirkstoffs dahingehend zu optimieren, dass das Saatgut und die keimende Pflanze vor dem Befall durch Schädlinge bestmöglich geschützt wird, ohne jedoch die Pflanze selbst durch den eingesetzten Wirkstoff zu schädigen. Insbesondere sollten Verfahren zur Behandlung von Saatgut auch die intrinsischen Insektiziden Eigenschaften transgener Pflanzen einbeziehen, um einen optimalen Schutz des Saatguts und der keimenden Pflanze bei einem minimalen Aufwand an Pflanzenschutzmitteln zu erreichen.
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich daher insbesondere auch auf ein Verfahren zum Schutz von Saatgut und keimenden Pflanzen vor dem Befall von Schädlingen, indem das Saatgut mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Mittel behandelt wird. Die Erfindung bezieht sich ebenfalls auf die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel zur Behandlung von Saatgut zum Schutz des Saatguts und der keimenden Pflanze vor Schädlingen. Weiterhin bezieht sich die Erfindung auf Saatgut, welches zum Schutz vor Schädlingen mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Mittel behandelt wurde.
Einer der Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, dass aufgrund der besonderen systemischen Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel die Behandlung des Saatguts mit diesen Mitteln nicht nur das Saatgut selbst, sondern auch die daraus hervorgehenden Pflanzen nach dem Auflaufen vor Schädlingen schützt. Auf diese Weise kann die unmittelbare Behandlung der Kultur zum Zeitpunkt der Aussaat oder kurz danach entfallen.
Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht in der synergistischen Erhöhung der insektiziden Wirksamkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel gegenüber dem jeweiligen Einzelwirkstoff, die über die Summe der Wirksamkeit der beiden einzeln angewendeten Wirkstoffe hinausgeht. Damit wird eine Optimierung der Menge des eingesetzten Wirkstoffs ermöglicht.
Ebenso ist es als vorteilhaft anzusehen, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Mischungen insbesondere auch bei transgenem Saatgut eingesetzt werden können, wobei die aus diesem Saatgut hervorgehenden Pflanzen zur Expression eines gegen Schädlinge gerichteten Proteins befähigt sind. Durch die Behandlung solchen Saatguts mit den erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln können bestimmte Schädlinge bereits durch die Expression des z.B. insektiziden Proteins kontrolliert werden, und es zusätzlich überraschenderweise zu einer synergistischen Wirkungsergänzung mit
den erfindungsgemäßen Mitteln kommt, was die Effektivität des Schutzes vor Schädlingsbefall noch einmal verbessert.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel eignen sich zum Schutz von Saatgut jeglicher Pflanzensorte wie bereits vorstehend genannt, die in der Landwirtschaft, im Gewächshaus, in Forsten, im Gartenbau oder im Weinanbau eingesetzt wird: Insbesondere handelt es sich dabei um Saatgut von Mais, Erdnuss, Canola, Raps, Mohn, Olive, Kokosnuss, Kakao, Soja, Baumwolle, Rübe (z.B. Zuckerrübe und Futterrübe), Reis, Hirse, Weizen, Gerste, Hafer, Roggen, Sonnenblume, Zuckerrohr oder Tabak. Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel eigenen sich ebenfalls zur Behandlung des Saatguts von Obstpflanzen und Gemüse wie vorstehend bereits genannt. Besondere Bedeutung kommt der Behandlung des Saatguts von Mais, Soja, Baumwolle, Weizen und Canola oder Raps zu. So eignet sich z.B. die erfindungsgemäße Mischung umfassend die Wirkstoffe Methiocarb und hnidacloprid insbesondere zur Behandlung des Saatguts von Mais.
Wie vorstehend bereits erwähnt, kommt auch der Behandlung von transgenem Saatgut mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Mittel eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Dabei handelt es sich um das Saatgut von Pflanzen, die in der Regel zumindest ein heterologes Gen enthalten, das die Expression eines Polypeptids mit insbesondere insektiziden Eigenschaften steuert. Die heterologen Gene in transgenem Saatgut können dabei aus Mikroorganismen wie Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus oder Gliocladium stammen. Die vorliegende Erfindung eignet sich besonders für die Behandlung von transgenem Saatgut, das zumindest ein heterologes Gen enthält, das aus Bacillus sp. stammt und dessen Genprodukt Wirksamkeit gegen Maiszünsler und/oder Maiswurzel-Bohrer zeigt. Besonders bevorzugt handelt es sich dabei um ein heterologes Gen, das aus Bacillus thuringiensis stammt.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wird das erfindungsgemäßes Mittel alleine oder in einer geeigneten Formulierung auf das Saatgut aufgebracht. Vorzugsweise wird das Saatgut in einem Zustand behandelt, in dem so stabil ist, dass keine Schäden bei der Behandlung auftreten. Im Allgemeinen kann die Behandlung des Saatguts zu jedem Zeitpunkt zwischen der Ernte und der Aussaat erfolgen. Üblicherweise wird Saatgut verwendet, das von der Pflanze getrennt und von Kolben, Schalen, Stängeln, Hülle, Wolle oder Fruchtfleisch befreit wurde.
Im Allgemeinen muss bei der Behandlung des Saatguts darauf geachtet werden, dass die Menge des auf das Saatgut aufgebrachten erfindungsgemäßen Mittels und/oder weiterer Zusatzstoffe so gewählt wird, dass die Keimung des Saatguts nicht beeinträchtigt bzw. die daraus hervorgehende Pflanze nicht geschädigt wird. Dies ist vor allem bei Wirkstoffen zu beachten, die in bestimmten Aufwandmengen phytotoxische Effekte zeigen können.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel können unmittelbar aufgebracht werden, also ohne weitere
Komponenten zu enthalten und ohne verdünnt worden zu sein. In der Regel ist es vorzuziehen, die
Mittel in Form einer geeigneten Formulierung auf das Saatgut aufzubringen. Geeignete
Formulierungen und Verfahren für die Saatgutbehandlung sind dem Fachmann bekannt und werden z.B. in den folgenden Dokumenten beschrieben: US 4,272,417 A, US 4,245,432 A, US
4,808,430 A, US 5,876,739 A, US 2003/0176428 AI, WO 2002/080675 AI, WO 2002/028186 A2.
Die Wirkstoffkombinationen können in die üblichen Formulierungen überführt werden, wie Lösungen, Emulsionen, Spritzpulver, Suspensionen, Pulver, Stäubemittel, Pasten, lösliche Pulver, Granulate, Suspensions-Emulsions-Konzentrate, Wirkstoff-imprägnierte Natur- und synthetische Stoffe sowie Feinstverkapselungen in polymeren Stoffen.
Diese Formulierungen werden in bekannter Weise hergestellt, z.B. durch Vermischen der Wirkstoffe mit Streckmitteln, also flüssigen Lösungsmitteln und/oder festen Trägerstoffen, gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung von oberflächenaktiven Mitteln, also Emulgiermitteln und/oder Dispergiermitteln und/oder schaumerzeugenden Mitteln.
Im Falle der Benutzung von Wasser als Streckmittel können z.B. auch organische Lösungsmittel als Hilfslösungsmittel verwendet werden. Als flüssige Lösungsmittel kommen im wesentlichen in Frage: Aromaten, wie Xylol, Toluol, oder Alkylnaphthaline, chlorierte Aromaten und chlorierte aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Chlorbenzole, Chlorethylene oder Methylenchlorid, alipha- tische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Cyclohexan oder Paraffine, z.B. Erdölfraktionen, mineralische und pflanzliche Öle, Alkohole, wie Butanol oder Glykol sowie deren Ether und Ester, Ketone wie Aceton, Methylethylketon, Methylisobutylketon oder Cyclohexanon, stark polare Lösungsmittel, wie Dimethylformamid und Dimethylsulfoxid, sowie Wasser.
Als feste Trägerstoffe kommen in Frage:
z.B. Ammoniumsalze und natürliche Gesteinsmehle, wie Kaoline, Tonerden, Talkum, Kreide, Quarz, Attapulgit, Montmorillonit oder Diatomeenerde und synthetische Gesteinsmehle, wie hochdisperse Kieselsäure, Aluminiumoxid und Silikate, als feste Trägerstoffe für Granulate kommen in Frage: z.B. gebrochene und fraktionierte natürliche Gesteine wie Calcit, Marmor, Bims, Sepiolith, Dolomit sowie synthetische Granulate aus anorganischen und organischen Mehlen sowie Granulate aus organischem Material wie Sägemehl, Kokosnußschalen, Maiskolben und Ta- bakstengeln; als Emulgier- und oder schaumerzeugende Mittel kommen in Frage: z.B. nicht- ionogene und anionische Emulgatoren, wie Polyoxyethylen-Fettsäure-Ester, Polyoxyethylen-Fett- alkohol-Ether, z.B. Alkylaryl-polyglykolether, Alkylsulfonate, Alkylsulfate, Arylsulfonate sowie
Einweißhydrolysate; als Dispergiermittel kommen in Frage: z.B. Lignin-Sulfϊtablaugen und Methylcellulose.
Es können in den Formulierungen Haftmittel wie Carboxymethylcellulose, natürliche und synthetische pulvrige, körnige oder latexförmige Polymere verwendet werden, wie Gummiarabicum, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylacetat, sowie natürliche Phospholipide, wie Kephaline und Lecithine und synthetische Phospholipide. Weitere Additive können mineralische und vegetabile Öle sein.
Es können Farbstoffe wie anorganische Pigmente, z.B. Eisenoxid, Titanoxid, Ferrocyanblau und organische Farbstoffe, wie Alizarin-, Azo- und Metallphthalocyaninfarbstoffe und Spurennährstoffe wie Salze von Eisen, Mangan, Bor, Kupfer, Kobalt, Molybdän und Zink verwendet werden.
Die Formulierungen enthalten im allgemeinen zwischen 0,1 und 95 Gew.-% Wirkstoff, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 90 %.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen enthalten bevorzugt neben den beiden Chlor- nicotinylinsktiziden der Formeln (I) bis(VH) keine weiteren Wirkstoffe.
Der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen können gegebenenfalls in handelsüblichen For- mulierungen sowie in den aus diesen Formulierungen bereiteten Anwendungsformen in Mischung mit anderen Wirkstoffen, wie Insektiziden, Lockstoffen, Sterilantien, Bakteriziden, Akariziden, Nematiziden, Fungiziden, wachstumsregulierenden Stoffen oder Herbiziden vorliegen. Zu den Insektiziden zählen beispielsweise Phosphorsäureester, Carbamate, Carbonsäureester, chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, Phenylharnstoffe, durch Mikroorganismen hergestellte Stoffe u.a.
Besonders günstige Mischpartner sind z.B. die folgenden:
Fungizide:
Aldimorph, Ampropylfos, Ampropylfos-Kalium, Andoprim, Anilazin, Azaconazol, Azoxystrobin,
Benalaxyl, Benodanil, Benomyl, Benzamacril, Benzamacryl-isobutyl, Bialaphos, Binapacryl, Biphenyl, Bitertanol, Blasticidin-S, Bromuconazol, Bupirimat, Buthiobat,
Calciumpolysulfid, Capsimycin, Captafol, Captan, Carbendazim, Carboxin, Carvon, Chinomethionat (Quinomethionat), Chlobenthiazon, Chlorfenazol, Chloroneb, Chloropicrin, Chlorothalonil, Chlozo- linat, Clozylacon, Cufraneb, Cymoxanil, Cyproconazol, Cyprodinil, Cyprofuram,
Debacarb, Dichlorophen, Diclobutrazol, Diclofluanid, Diclomezin, Dicloran, Diethofencarb, Difeno- conazol, Dimethirimol, Dimethomorph, Diniconazol, Diniconazol-M, Dinocap, Diphenylamin,
Dipyrifhione, Ditalimfos, Dithianon, Dodemorph, Dodine, Drazoxolon,
Ediphenphos, Epoxiconazol, Etaconazol, Ethirimol, Etridiazol,
Famoxadon, Fenapanil, Fenarimol, Fenbuconazol, Fenfiiram, Femtropan, Fenpiclonil, Fenpropidin, Fenpropimorph, Fentinacetat, Fentinhydroxyd, Ferba , Ferimzon, Fluazinam, Flumetover, Fluoromid, Fluquinconazol, Flurprimidol, Flusilazol, Flusulfamid, Flutolanil, Flutriafol, Folpet, Fosetyl-AJminium, Fosetyl-Natrium, Fthalid, Fuberidazol, Furalaxyl, Furametpyr, Furcarbonil, Furconazol, Furconazol-cis, Furmecyclox,
Guazatin,
Hexachlorobenzol, Hexaconazol, Hymexazol,
Imazalil, hnibenconazol, hninoctadin, hninoctadinealbesilat, Lninoctadinetriacetat, Iodocarb, Ipcona- zol, Iprobenfos (IBP), Iprodione, Jxumamycin, Isoprothiolan, Isovaledione,
Kasugamycin, Kresoxim-methyl, Kupfer-Zubereitungen, wie: Kupferhydroxid, Kupfernaphthenat, Kupferoxychlorid, Kupfersulfat, Kupferoxid, Oxin-Kupfer und Bordeaux-Mischung,
Mancopper, Mancozeb, Maneb, Meferimzone, Mepanipyrim, Mepronil, Metalaxyl, Metconazol, Methasulfocarb, Methfuroxam, Metiram, Metomeclam, Metsulfovax, Mildiomycin, Myclobutanil, Myclozolin,
Nickel-dimethyldithiocarbamat, Nitrothal-isopropyl, Nuarimol,
Ofurace, Oxadixyl, Oxamocarb, Oxolinicacid, Oxycarboxim, Oxyfenthiin,
Paclobutrazol, Pefurazoat, Penconazol, Pencycuron, Phosdiphen, Pimaricin, Piperalin, Polyoxin, Polyoxorim, Probenazol, Prochloraz, Procy idon, Propamocarb, Propanosine-Natrium, Propiconazol, Propineb, Pyrazophos, Pyrifenox, Pyrimethanil, Pyroquilon, Pyroxyfur,
Quinconazol, Quintozen (PCNB),
Schwefel und Schwefel-Zubereitungen,
Tebuconazol, Tecloftalam, Tecnazen, Tetcyclacis, Tetraconazol, Thiabendazol, Thicyofen, Thifluz- amide, Thiophanate-methyl, Thiram, Tioxymid, Tolclofos-methyl, Tolylfluanid, Triadimefon, Tria-
dimenol, Triazbutil, Triazoxid, Trichlamid, Tricyclazol, Tridemoφh, Triflumizol, Triforin, Triticona- zol,
Uniconazol,
Validamycin A, Vinclozolin, Viniconazol,
Zarilamid, Zineb, Ziram sowie
Dagger G,
OK-8705,
OK-8801,
α-(l , 1 -Dimethylethyl)-ß-(2-phenoxyethyl)-lH-l ,2,4-triazol-l -ethanol,
α-(2,4-Dichloφhenyl)-ß-fluor-b-propyl- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-l -ethanol,
α-(2,4-Dichloφhenyl)-ß-methoxy-a-methyl-lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-ethanol,
α-(5-Me yl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl)-ß-[[4-(1rifluormethyl)-phenyl]-me ylen]-lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-e anol^
(5RS,6RS)-6-Hydroxy-2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-5-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)-3-octanon,
(E)-a-(Memoxyirnino)-N-methyl-2-phenoxy-phenylacetamid,
{2-Methyl- 1 -[[[1 -(4-methylphenyl)-emyl]-amino]-carbonyl]-propyl} -carbaminsäure- 1 -isopropylester
1 -(2,4-Dichloφhenyl)-2-( 1H-1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)-ethanon-0-(phenylmethyl)-oxim,
l-(2-Methyl-l-naphthalenyl)-lH-pyrrol-2,5-dion,
1 -(3 ,5-Dichloφhenyl)-3 -(2-propenyl)-2,5-pyrrolidindion,
l-[(Diiodmethyl)-sulfonyl]-4-methyl-benzol,
1 -[[2-(2,4-Dichlθφhenyl)-l ,3-dioxolan-2-yl]-methyl]-lH-imidazol,
l-[[2-(4-Chloφhenyl)-3-phenyloxiranyl]-methyl]-lH-l,2,4-triazol,
l-[l-[2-[(2,4-Dichloφhenyl)-methoxy]-phenyl]-ethenyl]-lH-imidazol,
l-Me yl-5-nonyl-2-φhenylmethyl)-3-pyrrolidinol,
2',6'-Dibrom-2-memyl-4Mrifluoπne oxy-44rifl
2,2-Dic or-N-[l-(4-c oφhenyl)-emyl]-l-e yl-3-methyl-cyclopropancarboxamid,
2,6-DicUor-5-(memyltmo)-4-pyrimidmyl-thiocyanat,
2,6-DicUor-N-(4-trifluormethylbenzyl)-benzamid,
2,6-DicWor-N-[[4-(trifluormemyl)-phenyl]-methyl]-benzamid,
2-(2,3,3-Triiod-2-propenyl)-2H-tetrazol,
2-[(l-Me le l)-sulfonyl]-5-(tric onnethyl)-l,3,4-thiadiazol,
2-[[6-Deoxy-4-0-(4-0-memyl-ß-D-glycopyranosyl)-a-D-glucopyranosyl]-amino]-4-methoxy-lH- P"yτrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-carbonitril,
2-Aminobutan,
2-Brom-2- rommethyl)-pentandinitril,
2-Chlor-N-(2,3-dihydro-l , 1 ,3-trimethyl-lH-inden-4-yl)-3-pyridincarboxamid,
2-Chlor-N-(2,6-dimemylphenyl)-N-(isothiocyanatomethyl)-acetamid,
2-Phenylphenol(OPP),
3,4-Dichlor-l-[4-(difluormethoxy)-phenyl]-lH-pyrrol-2,5-dion,
3,5-DicUor-N-[cyan[(l-me yl-2-propynyl)-oxy]-memyl]-benzamid,
3-(l,l-Dimethylpropyl-l-oxo)-lH-inden-2-carbonitril,
3-[2-(4-Chlθφhenyl)-5-ethoxy-3-isoxazolidinyl]-p ridin,
4-CWor-2-cyan-N,N-dime&yl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-lH-imidazol-l-sulfonamid,
4-Methyl-tetrazolo[l ,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-on,
8-(l,l-Dimethylethyl)-N-emyl-N-propyl-l,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-methanamin,
8-Hydroxychinolinsulfat,
9H-Xanmen-9-carbonsäure-2-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-hydrazid,
bis-(l-^Memylemyl)-3-memyl-4-[(3-memylbenzoyl)-oxy]-2,5-thiophendicarboxylat,
cis-l-(4-Chloφhenyl)-2-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)-cycloheptanol,
cis-4-[3-[4-(l,l-Dime ylpropyl)-phenyl-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethyl-moφholin-hydrochlorid,
Ethyl-[(4-chloφhenyl)-azo]-cyanoacetat,
Kaliurrihydrogencarbonat,
Memantetrathiol-Natriumsalz,
Me yl-l-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dime yl-lH-mden-l-yl)-lH-imidazol-5-carboxylat,
Methyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(5-isoxazolylcarbonyl)-DL-alaninat,
Methyl-N-(chloracetyl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-DL-alaninat,
N-(2,3-Dichlor-4-hydroxyphenyl)-l-methyl-cyclohexancarboxamid.
N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-2-memoxy-N-(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-*turanyl)-acetarnid,
N-(2,6-Dimemylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-thienyl)-acetamid,
N-(2-CWor-4-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-3-nitro-benzolsulfonamid,
N-(4-C^clohexylphenyl)-l,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrirrήdmamin,
N-(4-Hexylphenyl)-l,4,5,6-tetrahy<-lro-2-p"yrimidinarnin,
N-(5-CWor-2-memylphenyl)-2-memoxy-N-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidmyl)-acetamid,
N-(6-Me oxy)-3-pyridinyl)-cyclopropancarboxamid,
N-[2,2,2-TricWor-l-[(chloracetyl)-amino]-ethyl]-benzamid,
N-[3-CUor-4,5-bis-(2-propinyloxy)-phenyl]-N,-memoxy-methanimidamid,
N-Formyl-N-hydroxy-DL-alanin -Natriumsalz,
0,0-Diethyl-[2-(dipropylanιino)-2-oxoe yl]-e ylphosphoramidothioat,
0-Methyl-S-phenyl-phenylpropylphosphoramidothioate,
S-Methyl-l,2,3-benzothiadiazol-7-carbothioat,
spiro[2H] - 1 -Benzopyran-2, 1 3Η)-isobenzofuran]-3 '-on.
Bakterizide:
Bronopol, Dichlorophen, Nitrapyrin, Nickel-Dimethyldithiocarbamat, Kasugamycin, Octhilinon, Furancarbonsäure, Oxytetracyclin, Probenazol, Streptomycin, Tecloftalam, Kupfersulfat und andere Kupfer-Zubereitungen.
Insektizide / Akarizide / Nematizide
1. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitoren
1.1 Carbamate, zum Beispiel
Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Aldoxycarb, Allyxycarb, Aminocarb, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Bufencarb, Butacarb, Butocarboxim, Butoxycarboxim, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Cloethocarb, Dimetilan, Ethiofencarb, Fenobucarb, Fenothiocarb, Formetanate, Furathiocarb, Isoprocarb, Metam-sodium, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Metolcarb, Oxamyl, Pirimicarb, Promecarb, Propoxur, Thiodicarb, Thiofanox, Trimethacarb, XMC, Xylylcarb Triazamate
1.2 Organophosphate, zum Beispiel
Acephate, Azamethiphos, Azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), Bromophos-ethyl, Brom- fenvinfos (-methyl), Butathiofos, Cadusafos, Carbophenothion, Chlorethoxyfos, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlormephos, Chloφyrifos (-methyl -ethyl), Coumaphos, Cyanofenphos, Cyanophos, Chlorfenvinphos, Demeton-S-methyl, Demeton-S- methylsulphon, Dialifos, Diazinon, Dichlofenthion, Dichlorvos/DDVP, Dicrotophos, Dimethoate, Dimethylvinphos, Dioxabenzofos, Disulfoton, EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Etrimfbs, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fensulfothion, Fenthion, Flupyrazofos, Fonofos, Formothion, Fosmethilan, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, Iodofenphos, Iprobenfos, Isazofos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl O-salicylate, Isoxathion, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methacrifos, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Omethoate, Oxydemeton-methyl, Parathion (-methyl/-ethyl), Phenthoate, Phorate, Phosalone, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Phosphocarb, Phoxim, Pirimiphos (-methylAethyl), Profenofos, Propaphos, Propetamphos, Prothiofos, Prothoate, Pyraclofos, Pyridaphenthion, Pyridathion, Quinalphos, Sebufos, Sulfotep, Sulprofos,
Tebupirimfos, Temephos, Terbufos, TetracHorvinphos, Thiometon, Triazophos, Triclorfon, Vamidothion
2. Natrium-Kanal-Modulatoren / Spannungsabhängige Natrium-Kanal-Blocker
2.1 Pyrethroide, zum Beispiel Acrmathrin, AUethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), Beta-Cyfluthrin, Bifenthrin, Bioallethrin, Bioallethrin-S-cyclopentyl-isomer, Bioethanomethrin, Biopermethrin, Bioresmethrin, Chlovaporthrin, Cis-Cypermethrin, Cis-Resmethrin, Cis- Permethrin, Clocythrin, Cycloprothrin, Cyfluthrin, Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), Cyphenothrin, Deltamethrin, Empenthrin (lR-isomer), Esfenvalerate, Etofenprox, Fenfluthrin, Fenpropathrin, Fenpyrithrin, Fenvalerate, Flubrocythrinate, Flucythrinate, Flufenprox, Flumethrin, Fluvalinate, Fubfenprox, Gamma-Cyhalothrin, Imiprothrin, Kadethrin, Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Metofluthrin, Permethrin (eis-, trans-), Phenothrin (lR-trans isomer), Prallethrin, Profluthrin, Protrifenbute, Pyresmethrin, Resmethrin, RU 15525, Silafluofen, Tau-Fluvalinate, Tefluthrin, Terallethrin, Tetramethrin (-1R- isomer), Tralomethrin, Transfluthrin, ZXI 8901 , Pyrethrins (pyrethrum)
DDT
2.2 Oxadiazine, zum Beispiel Indoxacarb
3. Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-AgonistenZ-Antagonisten
3.1 Chloronicotinyle, zum Beispiel
Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, hnidacloprid, Nitenpyram, Nithiazine, Thiacloprid,
Thiamethoxam
3.2 Nicotine, Bensultap, Cartap
4. Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Modulatoren
4.1 Spinosyne, zum Beispiel Spinosad
5. GABA-gesteuerte Chlorid-Kanal-Antagonisten
5.1 Cyclodiene Organochlorine, zum Beispiel
Camphechlor, Chlordane, Endosulfan, Gamma-HCH, HCH, Heptachlor, Lindane, Methoxychlor
5.2 Fiprole, zum Beispiel
Acetoprole, Ethiprole, Fipronil, Vaniliprole
6. Chlorid-Kanal-Aktivatoren
6.1 Mectine, zum Beispiel
Avermectin, Emamectin, Emamectin-benzoate, Ivermectin, Milbemycin
7. Juvenilhormon-Mimetika, zum Beispiel
Diofenolan, Epofenonane, Fenoxycarb, Hydroprene, Kinoprene, Methoprene, Pyriproxifen, Triprene
8. Ecdysonagonisten/disruptoren
8.1 Diacylhydrazine, zum Beispiel
Chromafenozide, Halofenozide, Methoxyfenozide, Tebufenozide
9. Inhibitoren der Chitinbiosynthese
9.1 Benzoylharnstoffe, zum Beispiel
Bistrifluron, Chlofluazuron, Diflubenzuron, Fluazuron, Flucycloxuron, Flufenoxuron, Hexaflumuron, Lufenuron, Novaluron, Noviflumuron, Penfluron, Teflubenzuron, Triflumuron
9.2 Buprofezin
9.3 Cyromazine
10. Inhibitoren der oxidativen Phosphorylierung, ATP-Disruptoren
10.1 Diafenthiuron
10.2 Organotine, zum Beispiel Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin-oxide
11. Entkoppler der oxidativen Phoshorylierung durch Unterbrechung des H-Protongradienten
11.1 Pyrrole, zum Beispiel Chlorfenapyr
11.2 Dinitrophenole, zum Beispiel Binapacyrl, Dinobuton, Dinocap, DNOC
12. Seite-I-Elektronentransportinhibitoren
12.1 METI's, zum Beispiel Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximate, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad, Tolfenpyrad
12.2 Hydramethylnon
12.3 Dicofol
13. Seite-II-Elektronentransportinhibitoren Rotenone
14. Seite-TTI-Elel tronentransportinhibitoren Acequinocyl, Fluacrypyrim
15. Mikrobielle Disruptoren der sektendarmmembran Bacillus thuringiensis-Stämme
16. Inhibitoren der Fettsynthese Tetronsäuren, zum Beispiel
Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen
Tetramsäuren, zum Beispiel
3-(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-l-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate (alias: Carbonic acid, 3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-l- azasρiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl ester, CAS-Reg.-No.: 382608-10-8) and Carbonic acid, cis-3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-l-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl ester (CAS-Reg.-No.: 203313-25-1)
17. Carboxamide, zum Beispiel Flonicamid
18. Oktopaminerge Agonisten, zum Beispiel Amitraz
19. iαhibitoren der Magnesium-stimulierten ATPase, zum Beispiel Propargite
20. BDCAs, zum Beispiel N2-[l,l-Dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-Nl-[2-methyl-4- [l,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-l-(trifluorome yl)ethyl]phenyl]-l,2-benzenedicarboxamide (CAS- Reg.-No.: 272451-65-7)
21. Nereistoxin- Analoge, zum Beispiel Thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate, Thiosultap-sodium
22- Biologika, Hormone oder Pheromone, zum Beispiel
Azadirachtin, Bacillus spec, Beauveria spec, Codlemone, Metarrhizium spec, Paecilomyces spec, T uringiensin, Verticillium spec.
23. Wirkstoffe mit unbekannten oder nicht spezifischen Wirkmechanismen
23.1 Begasungsmittel, zum Beispiel
Aluminium phosphide, Methyl bromide, Sulfuryl fluoride
23.2 Selektive Fraßhe mer, zum Beispiel
Cryolite, Flonicamid, Pymetrozine
23.3 Milbenwachstumsinhibitoren, zum Beispiel Clofentezine, Etoxazole, Hexythiazox
23.4 Amidoflumet, Benclothiaz, Benzoximate, Bifenazate, Bromopropylate, Buprofezin, Chinomethionat, Chlordimeform, Chlorobenzilate, Chloropicrin, Clothiazoben, Cycloprene, Di- cyclanil, Fenoxacrim, Fentrifanil, Flubenzimine, Flufenerim, Flutenzin, Gossyplure, Hydramethylnone, Japonilure, Metoxadiazone, Petroleum, Piperonyl butoxide, Potassium oleate, Pyridalyl, Sulfluramid, Tetradifon, Tetrasul, TriaratheneNerbutin
(lR-cis)-[5-(Phenylme yl)-3--fiιranyl]-methyl-3-[(dihydro-2-oxo-3(2H)-furanyliden)-methyl]-2,2 dimethylcyclopropancarboxylat
(3 -Phenoxyphenyl)-methyl-2,2 ,3 ,3 -tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylat
l-[(2-Chlor-5-thiazolyl)methyl]tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-N-nitro-l,3,5-triazin-2(lH)-imin
2-(2-Chlor-6-fluoφhenyl)-4-[4-(l,l-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-oxazol
2-(Acetlyoxy)-3-dodecyl-l,4-naphthalindion
2-Chlor-N-[[[4-(l-phenylethoxy)-phenyl]-amino]-carbonyl]-benzamid
2-CUor-N-[[[4-(2,2-dichlor-l,l-difluorethoxy)-phenyl]-amino]-carbonyl]-benzamid
3-Methylphenyl-propylcarbamat
4-[4-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-4-methylpentyl]-l-fluor-2-phenoxy-benzol
4-Chlor-2-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-5-[[2-(2,6-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl]thio]-3(2H)- pyridazinon
4-Chlor-2-(2-chlor-2-methylpropyl)-5-[(6-iod-3-pyridinyl)methoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinon
4-Chlor-5-[(6-chlor-3-pyridinyl)rnethoxy]-2-(3,4-dichloφhenyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinon
Bacillus thuringiensis strain EG-2348
Benzoesäure [2-benzoyl-l-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-hydrazid
Butansäure 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,4-dichloφhenyl)-2-oxo-l-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl-ester
[3-[(6-Chlor-3-pyridinyl)memyl]-2-thiazolidinyliden]-cyanamid
Dihydro-2-(nitromethylen)-2H- 1,3 -thiazine-3 (4H)-carboxaldehyd
Ethyl-[2-[[l,6-dihydro-6-oxo-l-(phenylmethyl)-4-pyridazinyl]oxy]ethyl]-carbamat
N-(3 ,4,4-Trifluor-l -oxo-3 -butenyl)-glycin
N-(4-Chloφhenyl)-3-[4-(difluorn^ethoxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-lH-pyrazol-l-carboxarnid
N-Methyl-N'-(l-methyl-2-propenyl)-l,2-hydrazindicarbothioamid
N-Methyl-N'-2-propenyl-l,2-hydrazindicarbothioamid
0,0-Diethyl-[2-(dipropylan ino)-2-oxoethyl]-ethylphosphoramidothioat
Auch eine Mischung mit anderen bekannten Wirkstoffen, wie Herbiziden oder mit Düngemitteln und Wachstumsregulatoren ist möglich.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen können ferner beim Einsatz als Insektizide in ihren handelsüblichen Formulierungen sowie in den aus diesen Formulierungen bereiteten Anwendungsformen in Mischung mit Synergisten vorliegen. Synergisten sind Verbindungen, durch die
die Wirkung der Wirkstoffe gesteigert wird, ohne dass der zugesetzte Synergist selbst aktiv wirksam sein uss.
Der Wirkstoffgehalt der aus den handelsüblichen Formulierungen bereiteten Anwendungsformen kann in weiten Bereichen variieren. Die Wirkstoffkonzentration der Anwendungsformen kann von 0,0000001 bis zu 95 Gew.-% Wirkstoff, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,0001 und 1 Gew.-% liegen.
Die Anwendung geschieht in einer den Anwendungsformen angepassten üblichen Weise.
Bei der Anwendung gegen Hygiene- und Vorratsschädlinge zeichnen sich die Wirkstoffkombinationen durch eine hervorragende Residualwirkung auf Holz und Ton sowie durch eine gute Alkalistabilität auf gekalkten Unterlagen aus.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen wirken nicht nur gegen Pflanzen-, Hygiene- und Vorratsschädlinge, sondern auch auf dem veterinärmedizinischen Sektor gegen tierische Parasiten (Ektoparasiten) wie Schildzecken, Lederzecken, Räudemilben, Laufmilben, Fliegen (stechend und leckend), parasitierende Fliegenlarven, Läuse, Haarlinge, Federlinge und Flöhe. Zu diesen Parasiten gehören:
Aus der Ordnung der Anoplurida z.B. Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phtirus spp., Solenopotes spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Mallophagida und den Unterordnungen Amblycerina sowie Ischnocerina z.B. Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp., Bovicola spp., Werneckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Damalina spp., Trichodectes spp., Felicola spp.
Aus der Ordnung Diptera und den Unterordnungen Nematocerina sowie Brachycerina z.B. Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Sarcophaga spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Gasterophilus spp., Hippobosca spp., Lipoptena spp., Melophagus spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Siphonapterida z.B. Pulex spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Xenopsylla spp., Ceratophyllus spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Heteropterida z.B. Cimex spp., Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Blattarida z.B. Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Blattela germanica, Supella spp.
Aus der Unterklasse der Acari (Acarina) und den Ordnungen der Meta- sowie Mesostigmata z.B. Argas spp., Ornithodorus spp., Otobius spp., Ixiodes spp., Amblyomma spp., Boophilus spp., Dermacentor spp., Haemophysalis spp., Hyalornma spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Dermanyssus spp., Raillietia spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Sternostoma spp., Varroa spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Actinedida (Prostigmata) und Acaridida (Astigmata) z.B. Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp., Ornithocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergates spp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp., Laminosioptes spp.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen eignen sich auch zur Bekämpfung von Arthro- poden, die landwirtschaftliche Nutztiere, wie z.B. Rinder, Schafe, Ziegen, Pferde, Schweine, Esel, Kamele, Büffel, Kaninchen, Hühner, Puten, Enten, Gänse, Bienen, sonstige Haustiere wie z.B. Hunde, Katzen, Stubenvögel, Aquarienfische sowie sogenannte Versuchstiere, wie z.B. Hamster, Meerschweinchen, Ratten und Mäuse befallen. Durch die Bekämpfung dieser Arthropoden sollen Todesfälle und Leistungsminderungen (bei Fleisch, Milch, Wolle, Häuten, Eiern, Honig usw.) vermindert werden, so dass durch den Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen eine wirtschaftlichere und einfachere Tierhaltung möglich ist.
Die Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstofϊkombinationen geschieht im Veterinärsektor in bekannter Weise durch enterale Verabreichung in Form von beispielsweise Tabletten, Kapseln, Tränken, Drenchen, Granulaten, Pasten, Boli, des feed-through-Verfahrens, von Zäpfchen, durch parenterale Verabreichung, wie zum Beispiel durch Injektionen (intramuskulär, subcutan, intravenös, intraperitonel u.a.), Implantate, durch nasale Applikation, durch dermale Anwendung in Form beispielsweise des Tauchens oder Badens (Dippen), Sprühens (Spray), Aufgießens (Pour-on und Spot-on), des Waschens, des Einpuderns sowie mit Hilfe von wirkstoffhaltigen Formköφern, wie Halsbändern, Ohrmarken, Schwanzmarken, Gliedmaßenbändern, Halftern, Markierungsvorrichtungen usw.
Bei der Anwendung für Vieh, Geflügel, Haustiere etc. kann man die Wirkstoffe als Formu- lierungen (beispielsweise Pulver, Emulsionen, fließfähige Mittel), die die Wirkstoffe in einer Menge von 1 bis 80 Gew.-% enthalten, direkt oder nach 100 bis 10 000-facher Verdünnung anwenden oder sie als chemisches Bad verwenden-
Außerdem wurde gefunden, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen eine hohe insektizide Wirkung gegen Insekten zeigen, die technische Materialien zerstören.
Beispielhaft und vorzugsweise - ohne jedoch zu limitieren - seien die folgenden Insekten genannt:
Käfer wie
Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinus pecticornis, Dendrobium pertinex, Ernobius mollis, Priobium caφini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthes rugicollis, Xyleborus spec. Tryptodendron spec. Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Hetero- bostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon spec. Dinoderus minutus.
Hautflügler wie
Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus, Urocerus augur.
Termiten wie
Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis, Coptotermes formosanus.
Borstenschwänze wie Lepisma saccharina.
Unter technischen Materialien sind im vorliegenden Zusammenhang nicht-lebende Materialien zu verstehen, wie vorzugsweise Kunststoffe, Klebstoffe, Leime, Papiere und Kartone, Leder, Holz, Holzverarbeitungsprodukte und Anstrichmittel.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem vor Insektenbefall zu schützenden Material um Holz und Holzverarbeitungsprodukte.
Unter Holz und Holzverarbeitungsprodukten, welche durch das erfindungsgemäße Mittel bzw. dieses enthaltende Mischungen geschützt werden kann, ist beispielhaft zu verstehen:
Bauholz, Holzbalken, Eisenbahnschwellen, Brückenteile, Bootsstege, Holzfahrzeuge, Kisten, Paletten, Container, Telefonmasten, Holzrverkieidungen, Holzfenster und -türen, Spenholz, Spanplatten, Tischlerarbeiten oder Holzprodukte, die ganz allgemein beim Hausbau oder in der Bautischlerei Verwendung finden.
Die Wirkstoffkombinationen können als solche, in Form von Konzentraten oder allgemein üblichen Formulierungen wie Pulver, Granulate, Lösungen, Suspensionen, Emulsionen oder Pasten angewendet werden.
Die genannten Formulierungen können in an sich bekannter Weise hergestellt werden, z.B. durch Vermischen der Wirkstoffe mit mindestens einem Lösungs- bzw. Verdünnungsmittel, Emulgator, Dispergier- und/oder Binde- oder Fixiermittels, Wasser-Repellent, gegebenenfalls Sikkative und UV-Stabilisatoren und gegebenenfalls Farbstoffen und Pigmenten sowie weiteren Verarbeitungshilfsmitteln.
Die zum Schutz von Holz und Holzwerkstoffen verwendeten insektiziden Mittel oder Konzentrate enthalten den erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoff in einer Konzentration von 0,0001 bis 95 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,001 bis 60 Gew.-%.
Die Menge der eingesetzten Mittel bzw. Konzentrate ist von der Art und dem Vorkommen der Insekten und von dem Medium abhängig. Die optimale Einsatzmenge kann bei der Anwendung jeweils durch Testreihen ermittelt werden, n allgemeinen ist es jedoch ausreichend 0,0001 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,001 bis 10 Gew.-%, des Wirksto ffs, bezogen auf das zu schützende Material, einzusetzen.
Als Lösungs- und/oder Verdünnungsmittel dient ein organisch-chemisches Lösungsmittel oder Lösungsmittelgemisch und/oder ein öliges oder ölartiges schwer flüchtiges organisch-chemisches Lösungsmittel oder Lösungsmittelgemisch und/oder ein polares organisch-chemisches Lösungs- mittel oder Lösungsmittelgemisch und/oder Wasser und gegebenenfalls einen Emulgator und/oder Netzmittel.
Als organisch-chemische Lösungsmittel werden vorzugsweise ölige oder ölartige Lösungsmittel mit einer Verdunstungszahl über 35 und einem Flammpunkt oberhalb 30°C, vorzugsweise oberhalb 45°C, eingesetzt. Als derartige schwerflüchtige, wasserunlösliche, ölige und ölartige Lösungs- mittel werden entsprechende Mineralöle oder deren Aromatenfraktionen oder mineralölhaltige Lösungsmittelgemische, vorzugsweise Testbenzin, Petroleum und/oder Alkylbenzol verwendet.
Vorteilhaft gelangen Mineralöle mit einem Siedebereich von 170 bis 220°C, Testbenzin mit einem Siedebereich von 170 bis 220°C, Spindelöl mit einem Siedebereich von 250 bis 350°C, Petroleum bzw. Aromaten vom Siedebereich von 160 bis 280°C, Teφentinöl und dgl. zum Einsatz.
In einer bevorzugten Ausfuhrungsform werden flüssige aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe mit einem Siedebereich von 180 bis 210°C oder hochsiedende Gemische -von aromatischen und aliphatischen
Kohlenwasserstoffen mit einem Siedebereich von 180 bis 220°C und/oder Spindeöl und/oder Monochlornaphthalin, vorzugsweise α-Monochlornaphthalin, verwendet.
Die organischen schwerflüchtigen öligen oder ölartigen Lösungsmittel mit einer Verdunstungszahl über 35 und einem Flammpunkt oberhalb 30°C, vorzugsweise oberhalb 45°C, können teilweise durch leicht oder mittelflüchtige organisch-chemische Lösungsmittel ersetzt werden, mit der Maßgabe, dass das Lösungsmittelgemisch ebenfalls eine Verdunstungszahl über 35 und einen Flammpunkt oberhalb 30°C, vorzugsweise oberhalb 45°C, aufweist und dass das Insektizid-Fungizid-- Gemisch in diesem Lösungsmittelgemisch löslich oder emulgierbar ist.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird ein Teil des organisch-chemischen Lösungsmittel oder Lösungsmittelgemisches durch ein aliphatisches polares organisch-chemisches Lösungsmittel oder Lösungsmittelgemisch ersetzt. Vorzugsweise gelangen Hydroxyl- und/oder Ester- und/oder Ethergruppen enthaltende aliphatische organisch-chemische Lösungsmittel wie beispielsweise Glycolether, Ester oder dgl. zur Anwendung.
Als organisch-chemische Bindemittel werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung die an sich bekannten wasserverdünnbaren und/oder in den eingesetzten organisch-chemischen Lösungsmitteln löslichen oder dispergier- bzw. emulgierbaren Kunstharze und/oder bindende trocknende Öle, insbesondere Bindemittel bestehend aus oder enthaltend ein Acrylatharz, ein Vinylharz, z.B. Polyvinylacetat, Polyesterharz, Polykondensations- oder Polyadditionsharz, Polyurethanharz, Alkydharz bzw. modifiziertes Alkydharz, Phenolharz, Kohlenwasserstoffharz wie friden-Cumaron- harz, Siliconharz, trocknende pflanzliche und/oder trocknende Öle und/oder physikalisch trocknende Bindemittel auf der Basis eines Natur- und/oder Kunstharzes verwendet.
Das als Bindemittel verwendete Kunstharz kann in Form einer Emulsion, Dispersion oder Lösung, eingesetzt werden. Als Bindemittel können auch Bitumen oder bituminöse Substanzen bis zu 10 Gew.-%, verwendet werden. Zusätzlich können an sich bekannte Farbstoffe, Pigmente, wasser- abweisende Mittel, Geruchskorrigentien und Inhibitoren bzw. Korrosionsschutzmittel und dgl. eingesetzt werden.
Bevorzugt ist gemäß der Erfindung als organisch-chemische Bindemittel mindestens ein Alkydharz bzw. modifiziertes Alkydharz und/oder ein trocknendes pflanzliches Öl im Mittel oder im Konzentrat enthalten. Bevorzugt werden gemäß der Erfindung Alkydharze mit einem Ölgehalt von mehr als 45 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 50 bis 68 Gew.-%, verwendet.
Das erwähnte Bindemittel kann ganz oder teilweise durch ein Fixierungsmittel(gemisch) oder ein Weichmacher(gemisch) ersetzt werden. Diese Zusätze sollen einer Verflüchtigung der Wirkstoffe
sowie einer Kristallisation bzw. Ausfällem vorbeugen. Vorzugsweise ersetzen sie 0,01 bis 30 % des Bindemittels (bezogen auf 100 % des eingesetzten Bindemittels).
Die Weichmacher stammen aus den chemischen Klassen der Phthalsäureester wie Dibutyl-, Dioctyl- oder Benzylbutylphthalat, Phosphorsäureester wie Tributylphosphat, Adipinsäureester wie Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-adipat, Stearate wie Butylstearat oder Amylstearat, Oleate wie Butyloleat, Glycerinether oder höhermolekulare Glykolether, Glycerinester sowie p-Toluolsulfonsäureester.
Fixierungsmittel basieren chemisch auf Polyvinylalkylethern wie z.B. Polyvinylmethylether oder Ketonen wie Benzophenon, Ethylenbenzophenon.
Als Lösungs- bzw. Verdünnungsmittel kommt insbesondere auch Wasser in Frage, gegebenenfalls in Mischung mit einem oder mehreren der oben genannten organisch-chemischen Lösungs- bzw. Verdünnungsmittel, Emulgatoren und Dispergatoren.
Ein besonders effektiver Holzschutz wird durch großtechnische Imprägnierverfahren, z.B. Vakuum, Doppelvakuum oder Druckverfahren, erzielt.
Die anwendungsfertigen Mittel können gegebenenfalls noch weitere Insektizide und gegebe- nenfalls noch ein oder mehrere Fungizide enthalten.
Zugleich können die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen zum Schutz vor Bewuchs von Gegenständen, insbesondere von Schiffsköφern, Sieben, Netzen, Bauwerken, Kaianlagen und Signalanlagen, welche mit See- oder Brackwasser in Verbindung kommen, eingesetzt werden.
Bewuchs durch sessile Oligochaeten, wie Kalkröhrenwürmer sowie durch Muscheln und Arten der Gruppe Ledamoφha (Entenmuscheln), wie verschiedene Lepas- und Scalpellum-Arten, oder durch Arten der Gruppe Balanomoφha (Seepocken), wie Baianus- oder Pollicipes-Species, erhöht den Reibungswiderstand von Schiffen und führt in der Folge durch erhöhten Energieverbrauch und darüber hinaus durch häufige Trockendockaufenthalte zu einer deutlichen Steigerung der Betriebskosten.
Neben dem Bewuchs durch Algen, beispielsweise Ectocaφus sp. und Ceramium sp., kommt insbesondere dem Bewuchs durch sessile Entomostraken-Gruppen, welche unter dem Namen Cüripedia (Rankenflußkrebse) zusammengefaßt werden, besondere Bedeutung zu.
Es wurde nun überraschenderweise gefunden, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen eine hervorragende Antifouling (Antibewuchs)-Wirkung aufweisen.
Durch Einsatz von erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen kann auf den Einsatz von Schwermetallen wie z.B. in Bis(trialkylzinn)-sulfiden, Tri-«-butylzinnlaurat, Tri-n-butylzinnchlorid, Kupfer(I)-oxid, Triethylzinnchlorid, Tri-n-butyl(2-phenyl-4-chloφhenoxy)-zinn, Tributylzinnoxid, Molybdändisulfid, Antimonoxid, polymerem Butyltitanat, Phenyl-(bispyridin)-wismutchlorid, Tri- n-butylzinnfluorid, Manganethylenbisthiocarbamat, Zinkdimethyldithiocarbamat, Zinkethylen- bisthiocarbamat, Zink- und Kupfersalze von 2-Pyridinthiol-l-oxid, Bisdimethyl .ithiocarbamoyl- zinkethylenbisthiocarbamat, Zinkoxid, Kupfer -ethylen-bisdithiocarbamat, KLnpferthiocyanat, Kupfemaphthenat und Tributylzinnhalogeniden verzichtet werden oder die Konzentration dieser Verbindungen entscheidend reduziert werden.
Die anwendungsfertigen Antifoulingfarben können gegebenenfalls noch andere "Wirkstoffe, vorzugsweise Algizide, Fungizide, Herbizide, Molluskizide bzw. andere Antifouling-Wirkstoffe enthalten.
Als Kombinationspartner für die erfindungsgemäßen Antifouling-Mittel eignen sielt vorzugsweise:
Algizide wie 2-tert.-Butylamino-4-cyclopropylamino-6-methylthio-l,3,5-triazin, Dichlorophen, Diuron, Endo- thal, Fentinacetat, Isoproturon, Methabenzthiazuron, Oxyfluorfen, Quinoclamine und Terbutryn;
Fungizide wie
Benzo[Z>]thiophencarbonsäurecyclohexylamid-S,S-dioxid, Dichlofluanid, Fluorfolpet, 3-Iod-2-pro- pinyl-butylcarbamat, Tolylfluanid und Azole wie
Azaconazole, Cyproconazole, Epoxyconazole, Hexaconazole, Metconazole, Propiconazole und Te- buconazole;
Molluskizide wie
Fe-Komplex-Bildner, Fentinacetat, Metaldehyd, Methiocarb, Niclosamid, Thiodicarb und Tri- methacarb;
oder herkömmliche Antifouling-Wirkstoffe wie
4,5-Dichlor-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-on, Diiodmethylparatrylsulfon, 2-(N,N-Dimethylthiocarbamo- ylthio)-5-nitrothiazyl, Kalium-, Kupfer-, Natrium- und Zinksalze von 2-Pyridinthiol-l-oxid, Pyridin-triphenylboran, Tetrabutyldistannoxan, 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlor-4-(methyls*ulfonyl)-pyridin, 2,4,5,6-Tetrachloroisophthalonitril, Tetramethylthiuramdisulfid und 2,4,6-Trichloφhenylmalein- imid.
Die verwendeten Antifouling-Mittel enthalten den Wirkstoff in einer Konzentration von 0,001 bis 50 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,01 bis 20 Gew.-%.
Die Antifouling-Mittel enthalten desweiteren die üblichen Bestandteile wie z.B. in Ungerer, Chem. Ind. 1985, 37, 730-732 und Williams, Antifouling Marine Coatings, Noyes, Park Ridge, 1973 beschrieben.
Antifouling-Anstrichmittel enthalten neben den algiziden, fungiziden, molluskiziden und insektiziden Wirkstoffen insbesondere Bindemittel.
Beispiele für anerkannte Bindemittel sind Polyvinylchlorid in einem Lösungsmittelsystem, chlorierter Kautschuk in einem Lösungsmittelsystem, Acrylharze in einem Lösungsmittelsystem insbesondere in einem wässrigen System, Vinylchlorid/Vinylacetat-Copolymersysteme in Form wässriger Dispersionen oder in Form von organischen Lösungsmittelsystemen, Butadien/Styrol/- Acrylnitril-Kautschuke, trocknende Öle, wie Leinsamenöl, Harzester oder modifizierte Hartharze in Kombination mit Teer oder Bitumina, Asphalt sowie Epoxyverbindungen, geringe Mengen Chlorkautschuk, chloriertes Polypropylen und Vinylharze.
Gegebenenfalls enthalten Anstrichmittel auch anorganische Pigmente, organische Pigmente oder Farbstoffe, welche vorzugsweise in Seewasser unlöslich sind. Ferner können Anstrichmittel Materialien, wie Kolophonium enthalten, um eine gesteuerte Freisetzung der Wirkstoffe zu ermöglichen. Die Anstriche können ferner Weichmacher, die Theologischen Eigenschaften beeinflussende Modifizierungsmittel sowie andere herkömmliche Bestandteile enthalten. Auch in Self- Polishing-Antifouling-Systemen können die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen eingearbeitet werden.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen eignen sich auch zur Bekämpfung von tierischen Schädlingen, insbesondere von Insekten, Spinnentieren und Milben, die in geschlossenen Räumen, wie beispielsweise Wohnungen, Fabrikhallen, Büros, Fahrzeugkabinen u.a. vorkommen. Sie können zur Bekämpfung dieser Schädlinge allein oder in Kombination mit anderen Wirk- und Hilfsstoffen in Haushaltsinsektizid-Produkten verwendet werden. Sie sind gegen sensible und resi- stente Arten sowie gegen alle Entwicklungsstadien wirksam. Zu diesen Schädlingen gehören:
Aus der Ordnung der Scoφionidea z.B. Buthus occitanus.
Aus der Ordnung der Acarina z.B. Argas persicus, Argas reflexus, Bryobia ssp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Glyciphagus domesticus, Ornithodorus moubat, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Trombicula alfreddugesi, Neutrombicula autumnalis, Dermatophagoides pteronissimus, Dermatophagoides forinae.
Aus der Ordnung der Araneae z.B. Aviculariidae, Araneidae.
Aus der Ordnung der Opiliones z.B. Pseudoscoφiones chelifer, Pseudoscoφiones cheiridiuun, Opiliones phalangium.
Aus der Ordnung der Isopoda z.B. Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber.
Aus der Ordnung der Diplopoda z.B. Blaniulus guttulatus, Polydesmus spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Chilopoda z.B. Geophilus spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Zygentoma z.B. Ctenolepisma spp., Lepisma saccharina, Lepismoc3.es inquilinus.
Aus der Ordnung der Blattaria z.B. Blatta orientalies, Blattella germanica, Blattella asahiixai, Leucophaea maderae, Panchlora spp., Parcoblatta spp., Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Supella longipalpa.
Aus der Ordnung der Saltatoria z.B. Acheta domesticus.
Aus der Ordnung der Dermaptera z.B. Forficula auricularia.
Aus der Ordnung der Isoptera z.B. Kalotermes spp., Reticulitermes spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Psocoptera z.B. Lepinatus spp., Liposcelis spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Coleptera z.B. Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Dermestes spp., Latheticus oryzae, Necrobia spp., Ptinus spp., Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum.
Aus der Ordnung der Diptera z.B. Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anopheles spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Chrysozona pluvialis, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens, Culex tarsalis, Drosophila spp., Fannia canicularis, Musca domestica, Phlebotomus spp., Sarcophaga carnaria, Simulium spp., Stomoxys calcitrans, Tipula paludosa.
Aus der Ordnung der Lepidoptera z.B. Achroia grisella, Galleria mellonella, Plodia inteφunctella, Tinea cloacella, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella.
Aus der Ordnung der Siphonaptera z.B. Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis.
Aus der Ordnung der Hymenoptera z.B. Camponotus herculeanus, Lasius fuliginosus, Lasius niger, Lasius umbratus, Monomorium pharaonis, Paravespula spp., Tetramorium caespitum.
Aus der Ordnung der Anoplura z.B. Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus coφoris, Phthirus pubis.
Aus der Ordnung der Heteroptera z.B. Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Rhodinus prolixus, Triatoma infestans.
Die Anwendung im Bereich der Haushaltsinsektizide kann auch in Kombination mit anderen geeigneten Wirkstoffen wie Phosphorsäureestern, Carbamaten, Pyrethroiden, Wachstumsregulatoren oder Wirkstoffen aus anderen bekannten Ihsektizidklassen erfolgen.
Die Anwendung erfolgt in Aerosolen, drucklosen Sprühmitteln, z.B. Pump- und Zerstäubersprays, Nebelautomaten, Foggern, Schäumen, Gelen, Verdampfeφrodukten mit Verdampfeφlättchen aus Cellulose oder Kunststoff, Flüssigverdampfern, Gel- und Membranverdampfern, propellergetriebenen Verdampfern, energielosen bzw. passiven Verdampfungssystemen, Mottenpapieren. Mottensäckchen und Mottengelen als Granulate oder Stäube, in Streuködern oder Köderstationen.
Beim Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen können die Aufwandmengen je nach Applikationsart innerhalb eines größeren Bereichs variiert werden. Bei der Behandlung von Pflanzenteilen liegen die Aufwandmengen an Wirkstoffkombination im allgemeinen zwischen 0,1 und 10 000 g/ha, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 und 1 000 g/ha.
Die gute insektizide Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombinationen geht aus den nach- folgenden Beispielen hervor. Während die einzelnen Wirkstoffe in der Wirkung Schwächen aufweisen, zeigen die Kombinationen eine Wirkung, die über eine einfache Wirkungssummierung hinausgeht.
Die zu erwartende Wirkung für eine gegebene Kombination zweier Verbindungen kann wie folgt berechnet werden (vgl. COLBY, S.R.; „Caculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations", Weeds 15, Seiten 20-22, 1967);
Wenn
X = Wirksamkeit ausgedrückt in %, Abtötung im Vergleich zur unbehandelten Kontrolle durch Verbindung A (Wirkstoff der Formel I) bei einer Konzentration von n ppm
und
Y = Wirksamkeit ausgedrückt in %, Abtötung im Vergleich zur unbehandelten Kontrolle durch Verbindung B (Wirkstoff der Formel I) bei einer Konzentration von n ppm
und E = Wirksamkeit ausgedrückt in % Abtötung im Vergleich zur unbehandelten Kontrolle, wenn man die Mischung A und B mit m und n ppm anwendet,
dann ist E = X + Y - 100
Ist die tatsächliche Schädigung größer als berechnet, so ist die Kombination in ihrer Wirkung überadditiv, das heißt, sie zeigt einen synergistischen Effekt.
Beispiel A
Heliothis armigera -Test
Lösungsmittel: 7 Gewichtsteile Dimethylformamid
Emulgator: 2 Gewichtsteile Alkylarylpolyglykolether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit emulgatorhaltigem Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration.
Kohlblätter (Brassica oleracea) werden durch Tauchen in die Wirkstoffzubereitung der gewünschten Konzentation behandelt und mit Raupen des Baumwollkapselwurms (Heliothis armigera) besetzt, solange die Blätter noch feucht sind.
Nach der gewünschten Zeit wird die Abtötung in % bestimmt. Dabei bedeutet 100 %, dass alle Raupen abgetötet wurden; 0 % bedeutet, dass keine Raupen abgetötet wurden. Die ermittelten Abtörungswerte vereechnet man nach der Colby-Formel.
Bei diesem Test zeigten die folgenden Wirkstoffkombinationen gemäß vorliegender Anmeldung eine synergistische verstärkte Wirksamkeit im Vergleich zu den einzelnen angewendeten Wirkstoffen:
Triflumuron + Acetamiprid; Triflumuron + Clothianidin; Triflumuron + hnidacloprid.
Tabelle A Pflanzenschädigende Insekten Heliothis armigera-Test
Wirkstoffe Konzentration Abtötung in ppm in % nach 3d
Triflumuron 100 10
Acetamiprid 100 90
Triflumuron + Acetamiprid (1 : 1) erfindungsgemäß ge * ber.** 100 + 100 100 91
*gef. = gefundene Wirkung
**ber. = nach der Colby-Formel berechnete Wirkung
Tabelle A Pflanzenschädigende Insekten Heliothis armigera-Test
Wirkstoffe Konzentration Abtötung in ppm in % nach 6^
Triflumuron 30
Clothianidin 60
Triflumuron + Clothianidin (1 : 1) erfindungsgemäß gef* ber.** 4 + 4 80 72
*gef. = gefundene Wirkung
**ber. = nach der Colby-Formel berechnete Wirkung
Tabelle A Pflanzenschädigende Insekten Heliothis armigera-Test
Wirkstoffe Konzentration Abtötung in ppm in % nach 3d
Triflumuron 100
Imidacloprid 100 60
Triflumuron + Imidacloprid (1 : 1) erfindungsgemäß gef.* ber.** 100 + 100 90 60
*gef. = gefundene Wirkung
**ber. = nach der Colby-Formel berechnete Wirkung
Beispiel B
Phaedon cochleariae-Larven-Test
Lösungsmittel: 7 Gewichtsteile Dimethylformamid
Emulgator: 2 Gewichtsteile Alkylarylpolyglykolether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit emulgatorhaltigem Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration.
Kohlblätter (Brassica oleracea) werden durch Tauchen in die Wirkstoffzubereitung der gewünschten Konzentation behandelt und mit Larven des Meerrettichkäfers (Phaedon cochleariae) besetzt, solange die Blätter noch feucht sind.
Nach der gewünschten Zeit wird die Abtötung in % bestimmt. Dabei bedeutet 100 %, dass alle Käferlarven abgetötet wurden; 0 % bedeutet, dass keine Käferlarven abgetötet wurden. Die ermittelten Abtötungswerte venechnet man nach der Colby-Formel.
Bei diesem Test zeigte die folgende Wirkstoffkombination gemäß vorliegender Anmeldung eine synergistische verstärkte Wirksamkeit im Vergleich zu den einzelnen angewendeten Wirkstoffen:
Triflumuron + Thiacloprid.
Tabelle B Pflanzenschädigende Insekten Phaedon cochleariae Larven-Test
Wirkstoffe
Triflumuron 80
Thiacloprid
Triflumuron + Thiacloprid (1 : 1) erfindungsgemäß gef.* ber.** 4 + 4 90 81
*gef. = gefundene Wirkung
**ber. = nach der Colby-Formel berechnete Wirkung
Beispiel C
PIutella-xylostella-Test (normal sensibler Stamm)
Lösungsmittel: 7 Gewichtsteile Dimethylformamid
Emulgator: 2 Gewichtsteile Alkylarylpolyglykolether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit emulgatorhaitigem Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration.
Kohlblätter (Brassica oleraceä) werden durch Tauchen in die Wirkstoffzubereitung der gewünschten Konzentation behandelt und mit Raupen der Kohlschabe (Plutella xylostella, normal sensibler Stamm) besetzt, solange die Blätter noch feucht sind.
Nach der gewünschten Zeit wird die Abtötung in % bestimmt. Dabei bedeutet 100 %, dass alle Raupen abgetötet wurden; 0 % bedeutet, dass keine Raupen abgetötet wurden. Die ermittelten Abtötungswerte verrechnet man nach der Colby-Formel.
Bei diesem Test zeigten die folgenden Wirkstoffkombinationen gemäß vorliegender Anmeldung eine synergistische verstärkte Wirksamkeit im Vergleich zu den einzelnen angewendeten Wirkstoffen:
Triflumuron + Acetamiprid; Triflumuron + Imidacloprid.
Tabelle C Pflanzenschädigende Insekten Plutella xylosteüa (normal sensibler Stamm) -Test
Wirkstoffe Konzentration Abtötung in ppm in % nach 6"
Triflumuron
Acetamiprid
Triflumuron + Acetamiprid (1 : 1) erfindungsgemäß gef* ber.*-1 4 + 4 60 5
*gef. = gefundene Wirkung
**ber. = nach der Colby-Formel berechnete Wirkung
Tabelle C Pflanzenschädigende Insekten Plutella xylostella (normal sensibler Stamm) -Test
Wirkstoffe Konzentration Abtötung in ppm in % nach 6d
Triflumuron 20 70
Imidacloprid 20 20
Triflumuron + Imidacloprid (1 : 1) erfindungsgemäß gef * ber.** 20 + 20 90 76
*gef. = gefundene Wirkung
**ber. = nach der Colby-Formel berechnete Wirkung
Beispiel D
Plutella-xylostella-Test (resistenter Stamm)
Lösungsmittel: 7 Gewichtsteile Dimethylformamid
Emulgator: 2 Gewichtsteile Alkylarylpolyglykolether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit emulgatorhaltigem Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration.
Kohlblätter (Brassica oleracea) werden durch Tauchen in die Wirkstoffzubereitung der gewünschten Konzentation behandelt und mit Raupen der Kohlschabe (Plutella xylostella, resistenter Stamm) besetzt, solange die Blätter noch feucht sind.
Nach der gewünschten Zeit wird die Abtötung in % bestimmt. Dabei bedeutet 100 %, dass alle Raupen abgetötet wurden; 0 % bedeutet, dass keine Raupen abgetötet wurden. Die ermittelten Abtötungswerte venechnet man nach der Colby-Formel.
Bei diesem Test zeigten die folgendne Wirkstoffkombinationen gemäß vorliegender Anmeldung eine synergistische verstärkte Wirksamkeit im Vergleich zu den einzelnen angewendeten Wirkstoffen:
Triflumuron + Acetamiprid; Triflumuron + Clothanidin; Triflumuron + Thiamethoxam.
Tabelle D Pflanzenschädigende Insekten Pluteller xylostella (resistenter Stamm)-Test
Wirkstoffe Konzentration Abtötung in ppm in % nach 6d
Triflumuron 20 10
Acetamiprid 20
Triflumuron + Acetamiprid (1 : 1) erfindungsgemäß gef* ber.** 20 + 20 40 10
*gef. = gefundene Wirkung
**ber. = nach der Colby-Formel berechnete Wirkung
Tabelle D Pflanzenschädigende Insekten Pluteller xylostella (resistenter Stamm)-Test
Wirkstoffe Konzentration Abtötung in ppm in % nach 6d
Triflumuron 20 10
Clothianidin 20 25
Triflumuron + Clothianidin (1 : 1) erfindungsgemäß gef.* ber.** 20 + 20 50 32,5
*gef. = gefundene Wirkung
**ber. = nach der Colby-Formel berechnete Wirkung
Tabelle D Pflanzenschädigende Insekten Pluteller xylostella (resistenter Stamm)-Test
Wirkstoffe Konzentration Abtötung in ppm in % nach 6d
Triflumuron 20 25
Thiamethoxam 20
Triflumuron + Thiamethoxam (1 : 1) erfindungsgemäß gef.* ber.** 20 + 20 40 25
*gef. = gefundene Wirkung
**ber. = nach der Colby-Formel berechnete Wirkung
Beispiel E
Spodoptera exigua-Test
Lösungsmittel: 7 Gewichtsteile Dimethylformamid
Emulgator: 2 Gewichtsteile Alkylarylpolyglykolether
Zur Herstellung einer zweckmäßigen Wirkstoffzubereitung vermischt man 1 Gewichtsteil Wirkstoff mit den angegebenen Mengen Lösungsmittel und Emulgator und verdünnt das Konzentrat mit emulgatorhaltigem Wasser auf die gewünschte Konzentration.
Kohlblätter (Brassica oleracea) werden durch Tauchen in die Wirkstoffzubereitung der gewünschten Konzentation behandelt und mit Raupen der Zuckenübeneule (Spodoptera exig a) besetzt, solange die Blätter noch feucht sind.
Nach der gewünschten Zeit wird die Abtötung in % bestimmt. Dabei bedeutet 100 %, dass alle Raupen abgetötet wurden; 0 % bedeutet, dass keine Raupen abgetötet wurden. Die ermittelten Abtötungswerte verrechnet man nach der Colby-Formel.
Bei diesem Test zeigten die folgenden Wirkstoffkombinationen gemäß vorliegender Anmeldung eine synergistische verstärkte Wirksamkeit im Vergleich zu den einzelnen angewendeten Wirkstoffen:
Triflumuron + Chlothianidin; Triflumuron + Imidacloprid; Triflumuron + Thiamethoxam.
Tabelle E Pflanzenschädigende Insekten Spodoptera exigua-Test
Wirkstoffe Konzentration Abtötung in ppm in % nach 6d
Triflumuron 20 30
Clothianidin 20 20
Triflumuron + Clothianidin (1 : 1) erfindungsgemäß gef.* ber.** 20 + 20 70 44
*gef. = gefundene Wirkung
**ber. = nach der Colby-Formel berechnete Wirkung
Tabelle E Pflanzenschädigende Insekten Spodoptera exigua-Test
Wirkstoffe Konzentration Abtötung in ppm in % nach 6d
Triflumuron 20 60
Imidacloprid 20
Triflumuron + Imidacloprid (1 : 1) erfindungsgemäß gef.* ber.** 20 + 20 80 60
*gef. = gefundene Wirkung
**ber. = nach der Colby-Formel berechnete Wirkung
Tabelle D Pflanzenschädigende Insekten Spodoptera exigua-Test
Wirkstoffe Konzentration Abtötung in ppm in % nach 6d
Triflumuron 20 30
Thiamethoxam 20 10
Triflumuron + Thiamethoxam (1 : 1) erfindungsgemäß gef.* ber.** 20 + 20 60 37
*gef. = gefundene Wirkung
**ber. = nach der Colby-Formel berechnete Wirkung
Claims
1. Mittel enthaltend eine synergistisch wirksame Mischung von Triflumuron der Formel
und mindestens einer Verbindung aus der Reihe der Chlornicotinyle.
2. Mittel, enthaltend eine synergistisch wirksame Mischung von Triflumuron und Imidacloprid.
3. Mittel, enthaltend eine synergistisch wirksame Mischung von Triflumuron und Acetamiprid.
4. Mittel, enthaltend eine synergistisch wirksame Mischung von Triflumuron und Nitenpyram.
5. Mittel, enthaltend eine synergistisch wirksame Mischung von Triflumuron und Thiamethoxam.
6. Mittel, enthaltend eine synergistisch wirksame Mischung von Triflumuron und Clothianidin.
7. Mittel, enthaltend eine synergistisch wirksame Mischung von Triflumuron und Thiacloprid.
8. Mittel, enthaltend eine synergistisch wirksame Mischung von Triflumuron und Dinotefuran.
9. Verwendung von Mitteln gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 zur Bekämpfung von tierischen Schädlingen.
10. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schädlingsbekämpfungsmitteln, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man eine synergistisch wirksame Mischung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 mit Streckmitteln und/oder oberflächenaktiven Substanzen vermischt.
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| EP08016281A EP2005827A1 (de) | 2003-12-05 | 2004-12-01 | Synergistische insektizide Mischungen |
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| DE10356820A DE10356820A1 (de) | 2003-12-05 | 2003-12-05 | Synergistische insektizide Mischungen |
| PCT/EP2004/013605 WO2005053394A2 (de) | 2003-12-05 | 2004-12-01 | Synergistische insektizide mischungen |
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| EP08016281A Withdrawn EP2005827A1 (de) | 2003-12-05 | 2004-12-01 | Synergistische insektizide Mischungen |
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| JP (1) | JP2007513108A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20060123351A (de) |
| CN (2) | CN101243797A (de) |
| AR (1) | AR046853A1 (de) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0417304A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10356820A1 (de) |
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| IL165021A0 (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2005-12-18 | Makhteshim Chem Works Ltd | Pesticidal composition |
| AU2011244913B2 (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2014-07-24 | Adama Makhteshim Ltd. | Pesticidal composition |
| US20110159065A1 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2011-06-30 | Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. | Agricultural chemical composition and fruit bag |
| MX353861B (es) | 2008-12-31 | 2018-01-31 | Makhteshim Chem Works Ltd | Metodo para controlar insectos en plantas. |
| EP2600720B1 (de) * | 2010-08-05 | 2014-11-26 | Gowan Comercio Internacional E Servicos Limitada | Verbindungen für pestizide behandlungen |
| CN102415397B (zh) * | 2010-09-28 | 2013-12-25 | 南京华洲药业有限公司 | 一种含呋虫胺和氟啶脲的增效杀虫组合物及其应用 |
| WO2012045680A2 (de) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-12 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Insektizide und fungizide wirkstoffkombinationen |
| CN102726438A (zh) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-10-17 | 江苏绿叶农化有限公司 | 含呋虫胺的杀虫组合物及其应用 |
| CN104824014A (zh) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-08-12 | 山东农业大学 | 一种含吡虫啉和氟铃脲的农药组合物 |
| CN114982771B (zh) * | 2022-06-17 | 2023-04-18 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | 一种含有甲萘威与杀铃脲的增效农药组合物及应用 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4272417A (en) | 1979-05-22 | 1981-06-09 | Cargill, Incorporated | Stable protective seed coating |
| US4245432A (en) | 1979-07-25 | 1981-01-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Seed coatings |
| JPH0717621B2 (ja) | 1986-03-07 | 1995-03-01 | 日本バイエルアグロケム株式会社 | 新規ヘテロ環式化合物 |
| JP2553530B2 (ja) * | 1986-11-14 | 1996-11-13 | 日本バイエルアグロケム株式会社 | 農園芸用殺虫組成物 |
| US4808430A (en) | 1987-02-27 | 1989-02-28 | Yazaki Corporation | Method of applying gel coating to plant seeds |
| IE960441L (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1990-06-27 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | Guanidine derivatives, their production and insecticides |
| TW240163B (en) | 1992-07-22 | 1995-02-11 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Oxadiazine derivatives |
| EP0649685B1 (de) | 1993-01-27 | 1999-03-17 | Siemsa Norte, S.A. | Vorrichtung zum behandeln der rückgabe von nicht verkauften artikeln |
| DE4409040A1 (de) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-09-21 | Bayer Ag | Insektizide Wirkstoffkombinationen |
| EP2260707A3 (de) * | 1994-06-08 | 2013-07-24 | Syngenta Participations AG. | Lufenuron enthaltende synergistische Zusammensetzungen |
| DE4436268A1 (de) * | 1994-10-11 | 1996-04-18 | Bayer Ag | Mikrobizide Mittel |
| DE4443888A1 (de) * | 1994-12-09 | 1996-06-13 | Bayer Ag | Dermal applizierbare Formulierungen von Parasitiziden |
| AU706903B2 (en) * | 1995-08-16 | 1999-07-01 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Active compound combinations of pyrethroids and insect development inhibitors |
| US5876739A (en) | 1996-06-13 | 1999-03-02 | Novartis Ag | Insecticidal seed coating |
| AU1155499A (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 1999-05-03 | Rhone-Poulenc Agro | Pesticidal combination |
| US6503904B2 (en) | 1998-11-16 | 2003-01-07 | Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. | Pesticidal composition for seed treatment |
| US6660690B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2003-12-09 | Monsanto Technology, L.L.C. | Seed treatment with combinations of insecticides |
| US20020134012A1 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2002-09-26 | Monsanto Technology, L.L.C. | Method of controlling the release of agricultural active ingredients from treated plant seeds |
| CN1176589C (zh) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-11-24 | 华南农业大学 | 苯甲酰基脲类与拟除虫菊酯类混配农药制剂 |
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| CN101243797A (zh) | 2008-08-20 |
| EP2005827A1 (de) | 2008-12-24 |
| AR046853A1 (es) | 2005-12-28 |
| BRPI0417304A (pt) | 2007-09-11 |
| CN1889842A (zh) | 2007-01-03 |
| CN100407924C (zh) | 2008-08-06 |
| IL176064A0 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
| WO2005053394A2 (de) | 2005-06-16 |
| KR20060123351A (ko) | 2006-12-01 |
| WO2005053394A3 (de) | 2006-01-05 |
| DE10356820A1 (de) | 2005-07-07 |
| ZA200604522B (en) | 2007-09-26 |
| JP2007513108A (ja) | 2007-05-24 |
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