EP1693171B1 - Device for the perforation of wooden poles - Google Patents

Abstract

At least one device (40) for measuring the moisture content of the wood is incorporated into the machine (1) directly next to or inside the drilling sleigh (30) used to bore holes in the pole (100). The measuring device comprises two measuring electrodes (43) which are secured to an electrode insert (42) and can be pressed into the pole. The machine has two spaced apart holders (10, 20) for the pole and a drilling sleigh which can be moved in the pole radial direction. Drills (60) are mounted on the sleigh.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for perforating wooden poles according to the preamble of claim 1.

The term wood poles according to the invention comprises all forms of wood components, in particular round logs.

Wood and wood components that are intended to be installed in the soil or water (use class 4 according to DIN 68800 Part 3) are subject to high infection pressure by wood-degrading organisms, which can considerably limit the service life of the components. The wood-degrading organisms include in particular wood-destroying fungi from the group of Basidiomycetes (eg sponges, leaves) and / or ascomycetes from the group of fungi imperfecti (for example soft rot) and wood-destroying insects predominantly from the family Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles).

wobei "M_F" die Masse des feuchten Holzes und "M_T" die Masse des trockenen Holzes ist.It is state of the art to counteract the described degradation by a suitable biocidal impregnation. Essential for an effective and durable impregnation is a deep and uniform distribution of impregnation or active substances in the wood or in the particularly vulnerable areas of the subject wooden components, which are exemplary to pylons, hop rods, water timbers, palisades, components for the Avalanche protection, poles and piles for fruit and wine can act without limiting the applications mentioned. However, the required uniformity of distribution and the required penetration depth can only be achieved if the wood to be impregnated has a moisture content of less than 30%. where the wood moisture content (U) is defined as follows: $$U\left[\%\right]=\frac{\left(M_F-M_T\right)\cdot 100}{M_T}.$$

where "M _F " is the mass of the damp wood and "M _T " is the mass of the dry wood.

Even if the wood moisture content is slightly exceeded (U> 30%) or above the so-called fiber saturation point, a homogeneous impregnation can no longer be achieved and thus a qualitatively perfect impregnation is no longer ensured. The fact that, especially in the case of thicker dimensions (for example wooden poles), uneven drying can lead to pronounced differences in the moisture content of the wood and thus to the tendency to get soaking is problematical. To clarify the situation, it should be noted that e.g. an unimpregnated mast has a life expectancy of 1-5 years, a non-uniformly impregnated mast one of 2-10 years, and ultimately an absolutely uniformly impregnated mast has a useful life of 20-40 years.

A preferred method for impregnating wooden poles is the so-called KVD impregnation, i. the boiler vacuum pressure impregnation, in which the impregnation solution is conveyed by means of pressure differences in the wood.

Especially for the use of wooden poles for telecommunications or power lines special procedures have been developed in addition to achieve a complete penetration of the wood with the impregnating liquid. For example the masts first peeled, then perforated in the critical areas that later form the boundary between the air and soil and the attack of decay-forming wood-destroying organisms are particularly strong perforated with the help of so-called mast drilling machines and then impregnated.

Perforation is a process for facilitating the impregnation of difficult-to-impregnate woods such as spruce, Picea abies. The perforation is usually limited to the critical areas, in particular the earth / air zone. Under ground / air zone is the transition area in the installed state (eg masts) understood, which extends from 10 to 30 cm above and 20 to 60 cm below the ground level and in the air and moisture access optimal existence conditions for wood-destroying organisms , so that in this area particularly high demands must be placed on a sufficient protection agent intake, depth and drug distribution. The perforation of the critical zone (e.g., the described earth / air area) is typically done with fully or semi-automatic perforators. Such devices generally have two spaced apart receiving devices for a wooden mast, a drilling carriage, which is arranged radially spaced from the recorded wooden mast, movable in the radial direction and equipped with a plurality of drills, as well as means for temporarily fixing the recorded wooden mast during the drilling process for perforation of the wooden mast.

During perforation with the mast drilling machine, the wooden mast is extended over its circumference and along an axial section which is at the boundary (earth / air zone) described above. corresponds, provided with a plurality of boreholes, whereby the penetration of the impregnating liquid is facilitated and improved.

Despite this elaborate treatment, it always comes back to failures in the wooden poles used by decay, as the cause of an excessive moisture content of the wood is considered during impregnation.

The invention is therefore based on the object to offer a device by means of which it is possible to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

According to the invention, this is achieved with a device as described by the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The invention is based on the idea of determining the moisture content of the wooden mast during the perforation, ie before impregnation. For this purpose, the device for perforation of wooden poles is equipped with at least one moisture meter. By measuring the moisture during the perforation, it can be ensured that only those masts that are sufficiently dry are impregnated. Masts with too high residual moisture are detected and can be dried.

Since the moisture content is of particular interest at the point at which the perforation is carried out, the moisture meter is advantageously arranged laterally next to the drilling carriage on the receiving devices.

An advantageous embodiment is to use two moisture meters immediately adjacent to the drilling carriage, wherein it is advantageous for reasons of space savings, when the moisture meters are arranged in receiving devices for the wooden poles on the side facing the drilling carriage.

In an advantageous embodiment, the moisture meter has two measuring electrodes in the form of measuring tips, which can be pressed into the wooden mast. These measuring electrodes are preferably mounted on an electrode insert and interchangeable. As a result, measuring electrodes of different lengths can be used, if necessary, in order to be able to optimally check, for example, wooden masts with different diameters.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the measuring electrodes are connected via the electrode insert and a plunger with a compressed air cylinder, which is equipped with an adjustable stroke. In addition, the air cylinder can be equipped with an adjustable hold-down for adjusting the radial distance to the recorded wooden mast.

In an advantageous development of the compressed air cylinder is equipped with a timer for triggering a measurement process, the clock is preferably designed such that it allows up to 30 measurements per minute. Also, the clock may be adjustable so that it allows a measurement at the same time to the respective drilling operation or a time-shifted measurement to the respective drilling operation.

The moisture meter advantageously has a device for determining the moisture content as a function of the determined electrical resistance between the two measuring electrodes. Such a measurement is easy to accomplish and provides reliable results.

A further advantageous embodiment is that the moisture meter is coupled to a control device, which sorted out wooden poles for further drying when exceeding a specified limit for the moisture.

Advantageous means for perforation have a movable carriage, which preferably carries 5 to 50 drills, which are preferably 2-5 mm thick, including drive (motors and gearbox). After each drilling process, the roundwood is rotated by 10-30 ° about the longitudinal axis and the carriage is again driven to the wood and the perforation is continued. The mechanics of the system now make it possible to carry out a moisture determination by means of a resistance measurement at the same time as every drilling or perforation process. For this purpose, insulated electrodes are mounted on the described slide, which are pressed with each drilling process in the wood.

In an advantageous embodiment, the drills themselves are formed directly as measuring electrodes and combined with the moisture meter.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the electrodes can also be pressed with their own pneumatic hydraulic or mechanical drive in the wood, drilling and measuring process must proceed carefully synchronized.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the measuring electrodes can also be provided with insulated shank in order to be able to determine the moisture of the wood at defined depths.

The electrodes are suitably connected to evaluation electronics, which on the one hand converts and registers the electrical resistances into values for the wood moisture and on the other hand triggers visual and / or acoustic alarms when set limit values are exceeded. In principle, it is possible in the system according to the invention to provide one or more electrode pairs which make it possible to detect the wood moisture in certain or different areas at the same time.

The particular advantage of the system according to the invention is the fact that the moisture measurements without involvement of another process step automatically and over the entire circumference of round timbers is made possible and thus represents an effective method for ensuring the required impregnation. The evaluation electronics allow the exclusion of non-drenched woods and make a significant contribution to ensuring high-quality impregnation combined with a long service life and high road safety of the protected timber.

• Figur 1
  eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Mastenbohrmaschine mit aufgenommenem Holzmast.
• Figur 2
  Querschnitt einer Mastenbohrmaschine mit aufgenommenem Holzmast.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic illustrations in the figures. Show it:

• FIG. 1
  a perspective view of a mast drilling machine with recorded wooden mast.
• FIG. 2
  Cross section of a mast drilling machine with a wooden mast.

The device 1 for perforating wooden poles has two spaced-apart receiving devices 10, 20 for a wooden pole 100, a drilling carriage 30, which is arranged radially spaced from the recorded wood pole 100, movable in the radial direction and equipped with a plurality of drills 60, and facilities for temporarily fixing the recorded wooden mast 100 during the drilling process for perforating the wooden mast 100, wherein immediately adjacent to the drilling carriage 30 at least one moisture device 40 is arranged.

The receiving device 10 and 20 consist of two receiving walls 11, 12 and 21, 22. These receiving walls 11, 12, 21 and 22 act as side parts of the receiving units 10 and 20 and are arranged side by side in parallel. The receiving devices 10 and 20 with the receiving walls 11, 12 and 21, 22 have on the wooden pole 100 side facing a trough-shaped recess for receiving the wooden mast 100. In the region of this trough-shaped projection, the receiving devices 10 and 20 each have two fixing rollers 13, 14 and 23, 24, which are arranged between the receiving walls 11, 12 and 21, 22 and held by these, wherein the receiving walls 11, 12 and 21, 22 act as a support for the fixing rollers 12, 13 and 23, 24 (the roller 24 is not shown in the figures).

The fixing rollers 13, 14 and 23, 24 are arranged between the receiving walls 11, 12 and 21, 22, that they with their radius on the boundary of the receiving walls 11, 12 and 21, 22 out in the area of the trough-shaped bulges of the receiving devices 10 and 20 protrude to fix there the recorded wooden pole 100 during the drilling operation between the fixing rollers 13, 14 and 23, 24.

The trough-shaped bulge of the receiving device 10 and 20 has two different legs. A low leg at a shallow angle facing the side for feeding the wooden poles 100 so that they can be easily fed to the treatment area and a higher leg at a steeper angle through which the wooden pole 100 rolls out during the treatment is prevented and in the area of the fixing rollers 13, 14 and 23, 24 are arranged.

The receiving devices 10 and 20 designed in this way are spaced apart so far in the device 1 for perforation that a secure support of the wooden mast 100 is ensured and a sufficiently large area for the perforation is available. Between the receiving devices 10 and 20 on the side facing away from the feeding wooden poles, radially spaced from the recorded wooden pole 100, movable in the radial direction a drilling carriage 30 is arranged. The drilling carriage 30 is equipped with a plurality of drills 60, which may be arranged in one or more rows axially to the wood pole 100. In addition to the drills 60, the drilling carriage has on the side facing the wooden pole 100 at least one distance sensor 31, by means of which the penetration depth of the drill 60 can be controlled during the drilling process. The drilling carriage 30 is arranged to be movable radially in the direction of the wooden mast 100.

On the opposite side of the drilling carriage 30 is in the middle between the receiving devices 10 and 20, in a sufficient for receiving a wooden mast 100 distance to the fixing rollers 13, 14 and 23, 24 a downwardly fold-away pressing device 50 is arranged, consisting of two legs 51, 52, in which two pressure rollers 53, 54 are stored. The legs 51, 52 are in its upper region, in which the pressure rollers 54, 53 are embedded, angled in the direction of the fixing rollers 13, 14 and 23, 24, so that during the drilling operation by means of the pressing device 50 and the fixing rollers 13, 14 and 23, 24 a fixation of the wooden mast 100 is possible.

The pressure rollers 53, 54 in the pressing device 50 are arranged so that they protrude in the direction of the wood pole 100 to be fixed from the pressing device 50, so that the log can be 100 fixed between the rollers 54, 53. The pressing device 50 is designed so that it can be folded down when feeding the log 100 away from the drilling carriage and thus clears the way for the supply of the wooden mast 100.

Immediately adjacent to the drilling carriage 30 at least one moisture meter 40 is arranged. The moisture meter 40 consists of a compressed air cylinder 41 on the plunger 44, an electrode insert 42 is arranged for measuring electrodes 43.

The moisture meter 40 is arranged laterally next to the drilling carriage 30 on one of the receiving devices 10, 20 either on the side facing the drilling carriage or - as shown here - on the opposite side.

It is advantageous if in each case a moisture meter is used on both sides of the drill carriage, since in this way it can be ensured that the moisture is determined over the entire area provided for the perforation.

The measuring principle of the moisture meter 40 is based on the measurement of the electrical resistance between the two measuring electrodes 43, which are designed as measuring tips and are pressed into the wood pole 100 for measuring the moisture. These measuring electrodes 43 are connected via an electrode insert 42 and a plunger 44 with a compressed air cylinder 41. The electrode insert 42 is designed so that the measuring electrodes 43 can be exchanged. In this way it is possible to use measuring electrodes 43 in different lengths.

The compressed air cylinder 41 has the function of pressing the measuring tips 43 for measurement in the wooden mast 100, for which purpose it is equipped with a predeterminable stroke and an adjustable hold-down for adjusting the radial distance to the picked-up wooden mast 100.

In addition, the air cylinder is equipped with a timer for triggering the measuring process, with a cycle time of up to 30 measurements per minute. The clock can be set so that a measurement is carried out simultaneously with the respective drilling operation or with a time delay.

The moisture meter 40 is additionally coupled to a control device, not shown, which emits a signal when a predetermined limit value for the moisture is exceeded and, depending on the system configuration, the corresponding one Extract the wooden pole from the device for further drying.

Based on FIGS. 1 and 2 Now, the operation of the device according to the invention for perforating wooden poles will be explained in addition.

For receiving the wooden mast 100, first the pressing device 50 is folded away downwards. Subsequently, the wooden mast 100 can be inserted into the trough-shaped bulge of the receiving devices 10 and 20 and fixed there by means of the fixing rollers 13, 14 and 23, 24 and the pressure rollers 54, 53. After fixation, the drilling operation can be started by the drilling carriage 30 is moved radially in the direction of the wood pole 100. The penetration depth of the drill 60 is controlled by the distance sensors 31.

During the drilling process, the moisture of the wooden mast 100 can now be determined via the moisture meter 40 by pressing the measuring electrodes 43 as measuring tips 43 into the wood by means of an air cylinder 41. After the measurement, these measuring tips 43 are moved back again. The moisture measurement can be performed in time simultaneously but also with a time delay with the drilling process. This drilling and measuring process is repeated until the wooden mast is completely perforated and measured over the circumference. It has been found that about 10-15 moisture measurements over the circumference of the log 100 sufficient to reliably detect the moisture of the wood.

Thereafter, the wood pole 100 is either further processed from the device 1 for perforating and impregnated or at Exceeding the moisture content sorted out for additional drying.

In the embodiment described here, a moisture meter Gann Mess- und Regeltechnik GmbH, Stuttgart, Gann Hydromat DMT-8 is used, which covers a range between 10 and 50% wood moisture. The measurement time is at least 1.0 seconds and the clock rate a maximum of 30 measurements per minute. The device is equipped with a compressed air connection of 3 to 6 bar. The adjustment height of the hold-down for adjusting the radial distance to the recorded wood pole 100 is 12 mm.

The electrodes are interchangeable and have a length of 40 or 60 mm.

With the help of the device 1 according to the invention for the perforation of wooden poles it is possible to ensure a sufficient and reliable impregnation of wooden poles. Failures by wood-destroying organisms can be drastically reduced in this way.

The described system for ensuring the impregnation maturity is suitable for all types of protective agents, such as e.g. chromium-containing and chromium-free wood preservatives, for coal tar oil and its solvent-based and water-dilutable modifiers and for aqueous and solvent-based hydrophobing, without this being a limitation to the above-mentioned methods.

The method described for the continuous determination of the moisture content and impregnation maturity is suitable for all types of wood and all forms.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Device for perforation

10

recording device

11

cheek

12

cheek

13

fixing

14

fixing

20

recording device

21

cheek

22

cheek

23

fixing

24

fixing

30

sliding drill

31

distance sensor

40

moisture meter

41

Air Cylinder

42

electrode insert

43

Measuring electrodes, measuring tips

44

plunger

50

pressing device

51

leg

52

leg

53

pressure roller

54

pressure roller

60

drill

100

Holzmast

Claims (19)

1. Device (1) for the perforation of wooden posts, in particular in the form of round timber, with

   - two holding devices (10, 20), spaced apart from one another, for a wooden post (100),

   - a sliding drill head (30), which is located at a radial distance from the wooden post (100) that is held, and which can be moved in a radial direction, and is equipped with numerous drills (60),

   - as well as devices for temporarily fixing the wooden post (100) that is held during the drilling procedure to perforate the wooden post (100),

   characterised in that
   arranged immediately adjacent to the sliding drill head (60) or integrated in the sliding drill head (60), is at least one moisture measuring device (40).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the moisture measuring device (40) is arranged laterally next to the sliding drill head (30), on one of the holding devices (10, 20).
3. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that a second moisture measuring device (40) is arranged directly adjacent to the sliding drill head (30) on the second holding device (10, 20).
4. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the moisture measuring devices (40) are arranged on those sides of the holding devices (10, 20) that face the sliding drill head (60).
5. Device according to one of the claims 1 or 4, characterised in that the moisture measuring device (40) has two meter electrodes (43), preferably in the form of test probes, which can be pushed into the wooden post (100).
6. Device according to claim 5, characterised in that the meter electrodes (43) are affixed to an electrode insert (42).
7. Device according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the meter electrodes (43) are replaceable.
8. Device according to claim 7, characterised in that meter electrodes (43) of different lengths can be used.
9. Device according to one of the claims 5 to 8, characterised in that the meter electrodes (43) are connected to a compressed air cylinder (41) via the electrode insert and a pressure stamp (44).
10. Device according to claim 9, characterised in that the compressed air cylinder (41) is equipped with an adjustable stroke that can be predetermined.
11. Device according to one of the claims 9 or 10, characterised in that the compressed air cylinder (41) is equipped with an adjustable pressing device for setting the radial distance from the wooden post (100) that is held.
12. Device according to one of the claims 9 to 11, characterised in that the compressed air cylinder (41) is equipped with a clock generator for triggering a measurement procedure.
13. Device according to claim 12, characterised in that the clock generator is designed such that it enables up to 30 measurements per minute.
14. Device according to one of the claims 12 to 13, characterised in that the clock generator can be set such that it enables measurement to be made at the same time as the respective drilling procedure.
15. Device according to one of the claims 12 to 13, characterised in that the clock generator can be set such that it enables measurement to be made at a time offset to the respective drilling procedure.
16. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the moisture measuring device (40) includes a device to determine the moisture content as a function of the determined electrical resistance between the two meter electrodes (43).
17. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the moisture measuring device (40) is coupled to a control unit which, when a specified threshold value for the moisture is exceeded, separates out the wooden post (100) for further drying.
18. Device according to one of the claims 5 to 17, characterised in that the meter electrodes are equipped with an insulated shaft.
19. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that in the case of at least one drill pair, the drills are designed directly as meter electrodes for measuring moisture and are combined with the moisture measuring device (40).

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