EP1692447B1 - Procede et outil de fabrication de surfaces d'echange thermique ameliorees - Google Patents
Procede et outil de fabrication de surfaces d'echange thermique ameliorees Download PDFInfo
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- EP1692447B1 EP1692447B1 EP04796148A EP04796148A EP1692447B1 EP 1692447 B1 EP1692447 B1 EP 1692447B1 EP 04796148 A EP04796148 A EP 04796148A EP 04796148 A EP04796148 A EP 04796148A EP 1692447 B1 EP1692447 B1 EP 1692447B1
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- tube
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- protrusions
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
- F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
- F28F13/187—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/20—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/068—Shaving, skiving or scarifying for forming lifted portions, e.g. slices or barbs, on the surface of the material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to a tube as defined in the preamble of claim 1, and a method as defined in claim 5.
- a tube is known for instance from US 4166498 .
- the invention relates to enhanced heat transfer surfaces that facilitate heat transfer from one side of the surface to the other.
- Heat transfer surfaces are commonly used in equipment such as, for example, flooded evaporators, falling film evaporators, spray evaporators, absorption chillers, condensers, direct, expansion coolers, and single phase coolers and heaters, used in the refrigeration, chemical, petrochemical and food-processing industries.
- a variety of heat transfer mediums may be used in these applications including, but not limited to, pure water, a water-glycol mixture, any type of refrigerant (such as R-22, R-134a, R-123, etc.), ammonia, petrochemical fluids, and other mixtures.
- heat transfer surfaces work by using the phase change of a liquid to absorb heat.
- heat transfer surfaces often incorporate a surface for enhancing boiling or evaporating. It is generally known that the heat transfer performance of a surface can be enhanced by increasing nucleation sites on the boiling surfaces, by inducing agitation near a single-phase heat transfer surface, or by increasing area and surface tension effects on condensation surfaces.
- One method for enhancing boiling or evaporating is to roughen the heat transfer surface by sintering, radiation-melting or edging methods to form a porous layer thereon. A heat transfer surface having such a porous layer is known to exhibit better heat transfer characteristics than that of a smooth surface.
- the voids or cells formed by the above-mentioned methods are small and impurities contained in the boiling liquid may clog them so that the heat transfer performance of the surface is impaired. Additionally, since the voids or cells formed are non-uniform in size or dimension, the heat transfer performance may vary along the surface. Furthermore, known heat transfer tubes incorporating boiling or evaporating surfaces often require multiple steps or passes with tools to create the final surface.
- the present invention provides a tube having an enhanced heat transfer surface, as defined in claim 1.
- the invention correspondingly provides a method of manufacturing a tube, as defined in claim 5.
- Embodiments of the invention provide an improved heat transfer surface, such as may be formed on a tube, and a method of formation thereof that can be used to enhance heat transfer performance of tubes used in at least all of the above-referenced applications (i.e., flooded evaporators, falling film evaporators, spray evaporators, absorption chillers, condensers, direct expansion coolers and single phase coolers and heaters, used in the refrigeration, chemical, petrochemical and food-processing industries).
- the surface is enhanced with a plurality of cavities that significantly decrease the transition time to move from one phase to the next, for example to move from boiling to evaporation.
- the cavities create additional paths for fluid flow within the tube and thereby enhance turbulence of heat transfer mediums flowing within the tube. Protrusions creating cavities also provide extra surface area for additional heat exchange. Tests show that performance of tubes according to embodiments of the invention is significantly enhanced.
- Certain embodiments of the invention include a method for using a tool, which can be easily added to existing manufacturing equipment, having a mirror image of a pattern of grooves desired to formed on the tube surface. Certain embodiments of the invention also include using a tool, which also can be easily added to existing manufacturing equipment, having a cutting edge to cut through the surface of tube and a lifting edge to lift the surface of the tube to form protrusions. In this way, protrusions are formed without removal of metal from the inner surface of the tube, thereby eliminating debris which can damage the equipment in which the tubes are used. Finally, certain embodiments of the invention include using a tool, which also can be easily added to existing manufacturing equipment, for flattening or bending the tips of the protrusions, such as a mandrel. The grooves, protrusions and flattened tips on the tube surface can be formed in the same or a different operation. In certain embodiments of the invention, the three tools are secured on a single shaft and the tube surfaces are formed in one operation.
- Heat transfer surfaces formed in accordance with embodiments of the invention may be used in a heat transfer tube or may be formed into flat heat transfer surfaces, such as are used to cool micro-electronics. Such surfaces may be suitable in any number of applications, including, for example, applications for use in the HVAC, refrigeration, chemical, petrochemical and food processing industries.
- the physical geometries of the protrusions may be changed to tailor the tube to a particular application and fluid medium.
- a tube in accordance with this invention is generally useful in, but not limited to, any application where heat needs to be transferred from one side of the tube to the other side of the tube, such as in multi-phase (both pure liquids or gases or liquid/gas mixtures) evaporators and condensers. While the following discussion provides desirable dimensions for a tube of this invention, the tubes of this invention are in no way intended to be limited to those dimensions. Rather, the desirable geometries of the tube will depend on many factors, not the least important of which are the properties of the fluid flowing through the tube. One skilled in the art would understand how to alter the geometry of the surfaces of the tube to maximize heat transfer used in various applications and with various fluids. Furthermore, although the drawings show the surface as it would be when found on the inner surface of a tube, it should be understood that the surface is suitable for forming a flat surface, such as is used in micro-electronics.
- certain embodiments of the invention include heat transfer surfaces with primary grooves 108 on the inner surface 104 of tube 100.
- the number of primary grooves 108 may vary depending on the application in which the heat transfer surface is to be used and depending on the fluid medium used.
- Primary grooves 108 may be formed by any method including, but not limited to, cutting, deforming, broaching or extrusion.
- Primary grooves 108 are formed on inner surface 104 at a helix angle ⁇ (not shown) to the axis s of the tube 100.
- Helix angle ⁇ may be any angle between 0° and 90°, but preferably does not exceed 70°.
- the preferred helix angle ⁇ will often depend, at least in part, on the fluid medium used.
- the depth of primary grooves 108 should generally be greater the more viscous the liquid flowing through tube 100. For example, a depth of greater than zero, but less than the thickness of the tube wall 102 will generally be desirable. For purposes of this application, the thickness of tube wall 102 is measured from inner surface 104 to outer surface 106.
- the axial pitch of the primary grooves 108 depends on many factors, including helix angle ⁇ , the number of primary grooves 108 formed on inner surface 104 of tube 100, and the inside diameter of tube 100. For purposes of this application, the inside diameter is measured from inner surface 104 of tube 100.
- An axial pitch of 0.5-5.0 mm is generally desirable, with 1.5 mm preferred.
- Protrusions 110 may be cut and lifted from inner surface 104, as shown in FIGS. 2A-C . Layers cut to form the protrusions 110 are preferably at an angle ⁇ to axis s of the tube 100.
- the height e p of protrusions 110 is dependent on the cutting depth t and angle ⁇ at which inner surface 104 is cut.
- the height e p of protrusions 110 is preferably a value at least as great as the cutting depth t, up to three times the cutting depth t.
- the depth of cutting/lifting tool 300 is greater than the depth of primary grooves 108.
- the axial pitch P a,p of protrusions 110 may be any value greater than zero and generally will depend on, among other factors, the relative revolutions per minute between the cutting/lifting tool 300 and the tube 100 during manufacture, the relative axial feed rate between the cutting/lifting tool 300 and the tube 100 during manufacture, and the number of tips 302 provided on the cutting/lifting tool 300 used to form the protrusions 110 during manufacture.
- protrusions 110 have an axial pitch P a,p of between 0.05-5.0 mm.
- the axial pitch P a,p and height will generally depend on the number of protrusions, which height e p decreases as the number of protrusions increases.
- protrusions 110 is dependent on the shape of inner surface 104 and the orientation of inner surface 104 after primary grooves 108 have been cut relative to the direction of movement of cutting/lifting tool 300.
- protrusions 110 have four side surfaces, a sloped top surface (which helps decrease resistance to heat transfer), and a substantially pointed tip 124 ( Fig. 2c ).
- the tips 124 of protrusions 110 optionally may be flattened to create boiling cavities 114, as shown in FIGS. 3A-D .
- the tips 124 of protrusions 110 may be bent to create boiling cavities 114, as shown in FIGS. 4A-B .
- the tips 124 of protrusions 110 may be thickened to create boiling cavities 114.
- the protrusions 110 may be angled toward each other, such as shown in FIGS.5A-B , to create boiling cavities 114.
- the tips 124 of protrusions 110 may remain substantially straight (not bent or flattened) and substantially perpendicular to the inner surface 104 of the tube 100 if a condensing surface is desired.
- the creation of boiling cavities 114 may substantially increase the efficacy of the boiling surface.
- the creation of boiling cavities 114 creates a path for fluid flow and increases the transition from liquid to boiling or boiling to vapor.
- protrusions 110 of this invention are in no way intended to be limited to the illustrated embodiment, however, but rather can be formed in any shape. Moreover, protrusions 110 in tube 100 need not be the same shape or have the same geometry.
- secondary grooves 112 may be located between adjacent protrusions 110. Secondary grooves 112 are oriented at an angle ⁇ (not shown) to the axis s of tube 100. Angle i may be any angle between approximately 80° and 100°. Preferably, angle ⁇ is approximately 90°. The depth of secondary grooves 112 is greater than the depth of primary grooves 108.
- Certain embodiments of the invention also include methods and tools for making boiling surfaces on a tube.
- a grooving tool 200 such as that shown in FIG. 6 , is particularly useful in forming primary grooves 108.
- Grooving tool 200 has an outer diameter greater than inner diameter of tube 100, so that when pulled or pushed through tube 100, primary grooves 108 are formed.
- Grooving tool 200 also includes aperture 202 for attaching to a shaft 130 (shown in FIG. 10 ).
- Cutting/lifting tool 300 shown in FIGS. 7A-D and FIGS. 8A-D , may be used to form protrusions 110 and secondary grooves 112.
- Cutting/lifting tool 300 can be made from any material having the structural integrity to withstand metal cutting (e.g., steel, carbide, ceramic, etc.), but is preferably made of carbide.
- the embodiments of cutting/lifting tool 300 shown in FIGS. 7A-D and 8A-D generally have a tool axis, two base walls 312 and one or more side walls 314. Aperture 308 is located through cutting/lifting tool 300. Tips 302 are formed on side walls 314 of cutting/lifting tool 300.
- the tips 302 can be mounted or formed on any structure than can support the tips 302 in the desired orientation relative to the tube 100 and such structure is not limited to that disclosed in FIGS. 7A-D and 8A-D. Moreover, the tips 302 may be retractable within their supporting structure so that the number of tips 302 used in the cutting process can be easily varied.
- FIGS. 7A-D illustrate one embodiment of cutting/lifting tool 300 having a single tip 302.
- FIGS 8A-D illustrate an alternative embodiment of cutting/lifting tool 300 having four tips 302.
- cutting/lifting tool 300 may be equipped with any number of tips 302 depending on the desired pitch P a,p of protrusions 110.
- the geometry of each tip 302 need not be the same for tips 302 on a single cutting/lifting tool 300. Rather, tips 302 having different geometries to form protrusions 110 having different shapes, orientations, and other geometries may be provided on cutting/lifting tool 300.
- Each tip 302 is formed by the intersection of planes A, B, and C.
- the intersection of planes A and B form cutting edge 304 that cuts through inner surface 104 to form layers as a first step to forming protrusions 110.
- Plane B is oriented at an angle ⁇ relative to a plane perpendicular to the tool axis (see FIG. 7B ).
- Angle ⁇ is defined as 90° - ⁇ .
- angle ⁇ is preferably between approximately 40° - 70° to allow cutting edge 304 to slice through inner surface 104 at the desirable angle ⁇ between approximately 20° -50°.
- Angle ⁇ 1 is defined by plane C and a plane perpendicular to tool axis.
- Angle ⁇ 1 determines the angle of inclination ⁇ (the angle between a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis s of tube and the plane of the longitudinal axis of protrusions 110) at which protrusions 110 are lifted by lifting edge 306.
- Angle ⁇ 1 angle ⁇ , and thus angle ⁇ 1 on cutting/lifting tool 300 can be adjusted to directly impact the angle of inclination ⁇ of protrusions 110.
- the angle of inclination ⁇ (and angle ⁇ 1 ) is preferably the absolute value of any angle between approximately -45° to 45° relative to the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis s of tube. In this way, protrusions 110 can be aligned with the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis s of the tube or incline to the left and right relative to the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis s of tube 100.
- the tips 302 can be formed to have different geometries (i.e., angle ⁇ 1 may be different on different tips 302), and thus the protrusions 110 within tube 100 may incline at different angles (or not at all) and in different directions relative to the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis s of tube 100.
- a cutting/lifting tool 300 may incorporate cutting tips at two different angles.
- two pairs of cutting tips 318, 320 may be used to create a boiling surface with inclined protrusions 110, such as is shown in FIGS. 5A-C .
- the neighboring tips 318, 320 must have different angles ⁇ 1 . Changing the inclination angle of the protrusions 120 is possible to obtain a particular gap g between protrusions 120 at the opening 116 of the boiling cavity 114, which affects the curved fluid flow s along the surface 104.
- the physical dimensions of cutting/lifting tool 300 may be modified to impact the physical dimensions of resulting protrusions 110.
- the tips 124 of protrusions 110 may be flattened or bent using flattening tool 400, shown in FIG. 10 .
- the flattening tool 400 preferably has a diameter greater than the diameter of protrusions 110 on inner surface 104. Thus, when flattening tool 400 is pushed or pulled through tube 100, the tips 124 of protrusions 110 are bent or flattened.
- Flattening tool 400 includes an aperture for attaching to shaft 130.
- the tips 124 of protrusions 110 may achieve a shape similar to the flattened or bent tips 124 shown in FIGS. 3A-D without the use of a flattening tool 400.
- the cutting/lifting tool 300 may incorporate tips 302 capable of creating protrusions 110 with a shape similar to protrusion tips 124 that have been flattened, such as shown in FIGS. 4A-B .
- the cutting/lifting tool 300 may incorporate a tip 316 for flattening the tips 124 of protrusions 110, as shown in FIG. 9A .
- a cutting/lifting tool 300 as shown in FIG. 9A may be used to create a boiling surface such as that shown in FIG. 9B-C .
- Boiling surfaces for use on heat transfer surfaces may also be achieved by creating protrusions 110 with thickened tips 124. As shown in FIGS. 12A-B , heat transfer surfaces with thickened tips 124 can be used to create boiling cavities 114. Protrusions 110 with thickened tips 124 can be obtained using the following formulas, with reference to FIGS. 13A-B :
- FIGS. 13C-D illustrate an embodiment of a cutting/lifting tool 300 that may be used to create protrusions 110 with thickened tips 124.
- FIG. 10 illustrates one possible manufacturing set-up for enhancing the surfaces of tube 100.
- the tubes 100 of this invention may be made from a variety of materials possessing suitable physical properties including structural integrity, malleability and plasticity, such as, for example, copper and copper alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, brass, titanium, steel and stainless steel.
- a shaft 130 onto which flattening tool 400 is rotatably mounted, extends into tube 100.
- Cutting/lifting tool 300 is mounted onto shaft 130 through aperture 308.
- Grooving tool 200 is mounted onto shaft 130 through aperture 202.
- Bolt 132 secures all three tools 200, 300, 400 in place.
- the tools 200, 300, 400 are preferably locked in rotation with shaft 130 by any suitable means.
- FIGS. 7D and 8D illustrate a key groove 310 that may be provided on cutting/lifting tool 300 to interlock with a protrusion (not shown) on shaft 130 to fix cutting/lifting tool 300 into place relative to shaft 130.
- the manufacturing set-up may include arbors that can be used to enhance the outer surface of tube.
- Each arbor generally includes a tool set-up having finning disks which radially extrude from one to multiple start outside fins having axial pitch P a,o .
- the tool set-up may include additional disks, such as notching or flattening disks, to further enhance the outer surface of tube. Note, however, that depending on the tube application, enhancements need not be provided on outer surface of tube at all. In operation, tube wall moves between mandrel and the arbors, which exert pressure on tube wall.
- a desirable inner surface 104 includes primary grooves 108, as shown in FIG: 1 . After formation of primary grooves 108 on inner surface 104 of tube 100, tube 100 encounters cutting/lining tool 300, positioned adjacent and downstream grooving tool 200. The cutting edge(s) 304 of cutting/lifting tool 300 cuts through inner surface 104. Lifting edge(s) 306 of cutting/lifting tool 300 then lifts inner surface 104 to form protrusions 110.
- protrusions 110 are formed simultaneously with outside finning and cutting/lifting tool 300 is fixed (i.e., not rotating or moving axially), tube 100 automatically rotates and has an axial movement.
- cutting/lifting tool 300 can also be rotated. Both tube 100 and cutting/lifting tool 300 can rotate in the same direction or, alternatively, both tube 100 and cutting/lifting tool300 can rotate, but in opposite directions.
- cutting/lifting tool 300 should rotate in the same direction of tube 100 to obtain the desired pitch P a,p .
- cutting/lifting tool 300 should rotate in the opposite direction to tube 100 to obtain the desired pitch P a,p .
- protrusions 110 may be produced in a separate operation from primary grooves 108 by using a tube 100 with pre-formed primary grooves 108. This would generally require an assembly to rotate cutting/lifting tool 300 or tube 100 and to move cutting/lifting tool 300 or tube 100 along the tube axis.
- a support (not shown) is preferably provided to center cutting/lifting tool 300 relative to the inner tube surface 14.
- This formula is suitable when (1) the tube 100 moves only axially (i.e., does not rotate) and the cutting/lifting tool 300 only rotates (i.e., does not move axially); (2) the tube 100 only rotates and the cutting/lifting tool 300 moves only axially; (3) the cutting/lifting tool 300 rotates and moves axially but the tube 100 is both rotationally and axially fixed; (4) the tube 100 rotates and moves axially but the tool 10 is both rotationally and axially fixed; and (5) any combination of the above.
- FIG. 5C illustrates these additional paths 114 for fluid travel through tube 100. These paths are in addition to the fluid flow paths created between primary grooves 108. These additional paths have a helix angle ⁇ 1 relative to the tube axis s. Angle ⁇ 1 is the angle between protrusions 110 formed from adjacent primary grooves 108.
- Tubes 100 made in accordance with this invention outperform existing tubes.
- FIGS. 14-16 graphically illustrate the enhanced performance of heat transfer surfaces according to embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 14 shows the effect of aspect ratio on heat flux.
- FIG. 15 shows the effect of protrusions (fins) per inch on heat flux.
- FIG. 16 compares the heat flux of different types of micro-finned copper heat transfer surfaces.
- the X-axis shows heat flux (W/cm 2 ) and the Y-axis shows the change in temperature minus the temperature of the wall minus the temperature of the bulk ( ⁇ T(°C)-T wall - T bulk )
- the smooth line indicates platinum wire tests with HFE-7100.
- the solid circles represent a tube made of roughened copper with silver solder.
- the open squares represent nichrome surface on a tube.
- the light X's indicate a sample of a tube made according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the crosses indicate a sample of a tube made according to an alternate embodiment of the invention.
- the dark X's indicate a sample of a tube made according to an alternate embodiment of the invention.
- the stars indicate a sample of a tube made according to an alternate embodiment of the invention.
- the dark closed circles indicate a sample of a tube made according to an alternate embodiment of the invention.
- the closed diamonds indicate a sample of a tube made according to an alternate embodiment of the invention.
- the solid line with half-hatch marks indicates a sample of a tube made according to yet another alternate embodiment of the invention.
- the solid line with hatch marks indicates a sample of a tube made according to yet another alternate embodiment of the invention.
- the heat transfer surface tested was a flat copper surface with approximately 185 protrusions per inch.
- the protrusions were approximately 0.6096 mm(0.024 inches) in height and 0.0688 mm(0.0027 inches) in thickness.
- the heat transfer surface of the invention is approximately eight times more effective than a rough copper plate and approximately double the effectiveness of the copper foams.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Turning (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Drilling Tools (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Claims (11)
- Tube (100) ayant une surface de transfert de chaleur améliorée comprenant au moins une saillie (110) formée par :au moins deux rainures principales (108) ayant une profondeur de coupe de rainure principale ;et au moins une rainure secondaire (112) formée dans la surface après la rainure principale et ayant une profondeur de coupe de rainure secondaire (t) qui est au moins aussi grande que la profondeur de coupe de rainure principale de chacune des au moins deux rainures principales ;caractérisé en ce que la rainure principale, la saillie et la rainure secondaire forment une cavité de bouillonnement (114) sur une surface interne (104) du tube.
- Tube selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les extrémités des saillies (110) sont aplaties ou recourbées pour créer les cavités de bouillonnement (114).
- Tube selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les extrémités des saillies (110) sont épaissies pour créer les cavités de bouillonnement (114).
- Tube selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les saillies sont inclinées l'une vers l'autre pour créer les cavités de bouillonnement (114).
- Procédé de fabrication d'un tube (100) selon la revendication 1, comprenant les opérations consistant à :a. couper à travers une surface du tube jusqu'à une profondeur de coupe pour former des rainures principales (108) ;b. couper des rainures secondaires (112) à travers la surface et les rainures principales (108) jusqu'à une profondeur de coupe (t) au moins aussi grande que la profondeur de coupe de rainure principale pour former des couches de surface ; etc. soulever les couches de surface pour former des saillies (110),caractérisé ce que les couches sont soulevées de manière que, conjointement aux rainures principales et secondaires, les saillies forment une cavité de bouillonnement (114) sur une surface interne (104) du tube.
- Procédé de fabrication d'un tube selon la revendication 5, dans lequel les extrémités des saillies (110) sont aplaties ou recourbées pour créer les cavités de bouillonnement (114).
- Procédé de fabrication d'un tube selon la revendication 5, dans lequel les extrémités des saillies (110) sont épaissies pour créer les cavités de bouillonnement (114).
- Procédé de fabrication d'un tube selon la revendication 5, dans lequel les saillies sont inclinées l'une vers l'autre pour créer les cavités de bouillonnement (114).
- Procédé de fabrication d'un tube (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, comprenant les opérations consistant à :a. monter un outil (200, 300, 400) sur un arbre (130), l'outil comprenant un axe d'outil et au moins une extrémité (302, 318, 320) formée par l'intersection d'au moins un premier plan (A), un deuxième plan (B) et un troisième plan (C) et ayant un bord de coupe (304) et un bord de soulèvement (306) ;b. positionner l'outil dans le tube ;c. provoquer une rotation relative et un mouvement axial relatif entre le tube et l'outil pour couper au moins en partie à travers une surface interne du tube pour former les couches et les rainures principales (108) et soulever les couches pour former les saillies (110) et les rainures secondaires (112).
- Procédé de fabrication d'un tube selon les revendications 7 et 9, dans lequel l'espace g entre les extrémités des saillies est déterminé par les expressions :
où :(ϕ2 est l'angle entre la projection d'un premier côté d'un bord de coupe sur l'outil et la direction d'amenée de l'outil ;ϕ3 est l'angle entre la projection d'un deuxième côté du bord de coupe et la direction d'amenée de l'outil ;t est la pleine profondeur de coupe ; ett1 est la profondeur de coupe pour le premier côté du bord de coupe. - Procédé de fabrication d'un tube selon les revendications 8 et 9 dans lequel l'espace g entre les extrémités des saillies est déterminé par l'expression :
où :p est le pas axial des saillies (110) ;ϕ est l'angle entre le deuxième plan (B) et un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe d'outil ;ϕ1 est l'angle entre le troisième plan (C) et le plan perpendiculaire à l'axe d'outil ; ett est la profondeur de coupe.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US51441803P | 2003-10-23 | 2003-10-23 | |
PCT/US2004/035099 WO2005043062A2 (fr) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-25 | Procede et outil de fabrication de surfaces d'echange thermique ameliorees |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1692447A2 EP1692447A2 (fr) | 2006-08-23 |
EP1692447A4 EP1692447A4 (fr) | 2008-01-02 |
EP1692447B1 true EP1692447B1 (fr) | 2009-06-17 |
Family
ID=34549335
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04796148A Active EP1692447B1 (fr) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-25 | Procede et outil de fabrication de surfaces d'echange thermique ameliorees |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1692447B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4832308B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101217296B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1898520B (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE434165T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2543480C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602004021627D1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MXPA06004459A (fr) |
PT (1) | PT1692447E (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005043062A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4554557B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-13 | 2010-09-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 冷却器 |
DE102009007446B4 (de) * | 2009-02-04 | 2012-03-29 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Wärmeübertragerrohr und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
CN102679791B (zh) * | 2011-03-10 | 2015-09-23 | 卢瓦塔埃斯波公司 | 用于热交换器的传热管 |
US20130180595A1 (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2013-07-18 | Uop, Llc | Vessel, distribution tray, and method for passing one or more fluids |
CN103851945B (zh) * | 2012-12-07 | 2017-05-24 | 诺而达奥托铜业(中山)有限公司 | 具有粗糙内表面的内螺纹管 |
CN103903658B (zh) * | 2014-03-19 | 2016-08-17 | 清华大学 | 一种具有强化沸腾换热网状沟槽连通阵列孔表面的封头 |
DE102016006913B4 (de) * | 2016-06-01 | 2019-01-03 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Wärmeübertragerrohr |
DE102016006914B4 (de) * | 2016-06-01 | 2019-01-24 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Wärmeübertragerrohr |
DE102016006967B4 (de) * | 2016-06-01 | 2018-12-13 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Wärmeübertragerrohr |
EP3252419A1 (fr) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-06 | ABB Technology Oy | Caloduc assisté par gravité |
EP3635319A1 (fr) * | 2017-05-12 | 2020-04-15 | Carrier Corporation | Tube d'échangeur de chaleur à intérieur amélioré |
CN109099741B (zh) * | 2018-06-05 | 2020-04-24 | 东南大学 | 一种强化沸腾的换热结构 |
JP2023074515A (ja) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-05-30 | 日立ジョンソンコントロールズ空調株式会社 | 空気調和機、熱交換器、及び熱交換器の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3753364A (en) * | 1971-02-08 | 1973-08-21 | Q Dot Corp | Heat pipe and method and apparatus for fabricating same |
JPS538855A (en) * | 1976-07-13 | 1978-01-26 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Condensing heat transmission wall |
US4159739A (en) * | 1977-07-13 | 1979-07-03 | Carrier Corporation | Heat transfer surface and method of manufacture |
JPS5468554A (en) * | 1977-11-11 | 1979-06-01 | Hitachi Ltd | Manufacturing of condensation heat conducting wall |
JPS5659194A (en) * | 1979-10-20 | 1981-05-22 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Heat transfer tube |
JPS6262195A (ja) * | 1985-09-13 | 1987-03-18 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 伝熱管 |
US5332034A (en) * | 1992-12-16 | 1994-07-26 | Carrier Corporation | Heat exchanger tube |
CN1084876C (zh) * | 1994-08-08 | 2002-05-15 | 运载器有限公司 | 传热管 |
JPH11183079A (ja) * | 1997-12-24 | 1999-07-06 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd | 内面溝付伝熱管およびその製造方法 |
CN1222671A (zh) * | 1998-01-07 | 1999-07-14 | 罗四仇 | 一种管内三维微肋管的加工工艺 |
CN2490536Y (zh) * | 2001-07-03 | 2002-05-08 | 徐世平 | 螺旋内齿管 |
CN1200243C (zh) * | 2002-10-11 | 2005-05-04 | 西安交通大学 | 一种内螺纹传热管 |
-
2004
- 2004-10-25 PT PT04796148T patent/PT1692447E/pt unknown
- 2004-10-25 JP JP2006536840A patent/JP4832308B2/ja active Active
- 2004-10-25 WO PCT/US2004/035099 patent/WO2005043062A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2004-10-25 DE DE602004021627T patent/DE602004021627D1/de active Active
- 2004-10-25 EP EP04796148A patent/EP1692447B1/fr active Active
- 2004-10-25 CN CN2004800389226A patent/CN1898520B/zh active Active
- 2004-10-25 AT AT04796148T patent/ATE434165T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-25 MX MXPA06004459A patent/MXPA06004459A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-10-25 CA CA2543480A patent/CA2543480C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-05-19 KR KR1020067009734A patent/KR101217296B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1898520A (zh) | 2007-01-17 |
CA2543480A1 (fr) | 2005-05-12 |
PT1692447E (pt) | 2009-07-13 |
WO2005043062A3 (fr) | 2005-07-14 |
JP2007509311A (ja) | 2007-04-12 |
EP1692447A4 (fr) | 2008-01-02 |
KR101217296B1 (ko) | 2012-12-31 |
WO2005043062A2 (fr) | 2005-05-12 |
MXPA06004459A (es) | 2006-06-20 |
ATE434165T1 (de) | 2009-07-15 |
KR20060113927A (ko) | 2006-11-03 |
JP4832308B2 (ja) | 2011-12-07 |
CA2543480C (fr) | 2011-01-04 |
DE602004021627D1 (de) | 2009-07-30 |
CN1898520B (zh) | 2012-06-13 |
EP1692447A2 (fr) | 2006-08-23 |
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