EP1690056A1 - Heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicles

Info

Publication number
EP1690056A1
EP1690056A1 EP04765229A EP04765229A EP1690056A1 EP 1690056 A1 EP1690056 A1 EP 1690056A1 EP 04765229 A EP04765229 A EP 04765229A EP 04765229 A EP04765229 A EP 04765229A EP 1690056 A1 EP1690056 A1 EP 1690056A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
tubes
tube
exchanger according
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04765229A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1690056B1 (en
Inventor
Claus Augenstein
Karsten Emrich
Daniel Hendrix
Frank von Lützau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Behr GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Behr GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1690056A1 publication Critical patent/EP1690056A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1690056B1 publication Critical patent/EP1690056B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1684—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0082—Charged air coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicles, for a first and a second flow medium, in particular according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE through the precooler. This must therefore be particularly temperature-resistant.
  • the charge air in the charge air cooler of motor vehicles is generally cooled by ambient air, the charge air cooler being arranged in the area of a coolant / air cooler in the front engine compartment of the motor vehicle.
  • charge air coolers with liquid cooling are also used, the coolant of the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine cooling the charge air.
  • a disadvantage of known charge air coolers (cf. DE-A 199 53 787 and DE-A 199 53 785) is the deflection of the charge air in the air boxes, which leads to a pressure loss.
  • Other designs, e.g. B. plate or stacked disc heat exchangers according to DE-A 195 11 991 have an increased pressure loss due to the double 90 degree deflection of the charge air.
  • the tube bundle and one of the two tube plates are formed in one piece and can be produced by the extrusion method known per se.
  • Extrusion is a well-known technology, similar to extrusion and extrusion, whereby a blank is pressed through a shaping tool (die) (cf. Dubbel, paperback for mechanical engineering, 20th edition, S30).
  • Die shaping tool
  • An aluminum extrusion alloy which is particularly suitable for extrusion, is preferably used as the material.
  • the product so produced by extrusion is a finished tube sheet, to which all tubes of the tube bundle connect seamlessly and in one piece.
  • the housing can also be produced by extrusion, i. H. in one step with the tube sheet and the tube bundle.
  • extrusion i. H. in one step with the tube sheet and the tube bundle.
  • the transition area between the tubes and the tube sheets is round, that is to say provided with a radius.
  • the transition radius is preferably arranged on the outside of the tube, but can also be provided in the inflow region of the tube on the tube sheet. The latter would further reduce the primary pressure drop.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention is used as a charge air cooler for internal combustion engines of motor vehicles, specifically as a pre-cooler or intercooler of a supercharging system. This creates a cost-effective solution that allows effective cooling of the charge air even at high supercharging pressures and correspondingly high temperatures and at the same time enables the use of conventional charge air coolers.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention with extruded tube sheet and tube bundle
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention with extruded tube sheet, tube bundle and housing.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exploded view of an intercooler 1 for an internal combustion engine, not shown, of a motor vehicle.
  • the charge air cooler 1 consists of the following parts, from left to right in the drawing: an inlet connector 2, a tube bundle 3 with a tube plate 4, a cylindrical housing 5 designed as a casing jacket and an outlet connector 6.
  • the tube bundle 3 consists of a plurality of tubes 3a , which are formed in one piece with the tube sheet 4 and each have a rectangular flow cross section 3b.
  • the tube sheet 4 and the adjoining tubes 3a are produced by extrusion, i. H. a the
  • Extruding or extruding similar known process An aluminum extrusion alloy is used as the starting material, which is pressed through a die (not shown) with the geometry and arrangement of the tubes 3a.
  • the cross section of the tubes 3a as well as their length and wall thickness can be freely selected by means of the extrusion process or the corresponding die.
  • the tubes 3a are thus firmly and tightly connected to the tube sheet 4 and in principle do not require any post-treatment.
  • the tube bundle 3 has an end face 3c facing away from the tube sheet 4, which is provided in a conventional manner with a second tube sheet, not shown. All parts, which are preferably made of aluminum alloy stanchions exist, are soldered together to form a complete heat exchanger.
  • the housing jacket 5 has on its circumference an inlet connector 7 and this diagonally opposite an outlet connector 8 - thus a cooling chamber 9 is formed between the two tube sheets and the housing jacket 5, through which the coolant of a cooling circuit, not shown, of the internal combustion engine can flow.
  • the coolant thus flows between the tubes 3a and around the tube bundle 3.
  • the hot charge air represented by an arrow LL, enters the inlet connection 2, which is designed like a diffuser and thus distributes the charge air evenly over the surface of the tube sheet 4 and the individual tube cross sections 3b.
  • the charge air flows through all the tubes 3a of the tube bundle 3 and exits the tube bundle 3 on the opposite side 3c and enters the outlet connection 6.
  • the fully assembled charge air cooler 1 is inserted into a charge air line, not shown, which is flush with the inlet connector 2 and the outlet connector 6.
  • the charge air cooler 1 is thus flowed through in a straight line, ie without deflections, by the charge air, which results in a low pressure loss.
  • Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention, namely a charge air cooler 10 with a housing 11, which is made in one piece with a tube sheet 12 by extrusion, with the tube sheet 12, a tube bundle, not shown, represented by a dashed tube 13, integrally formed and is also made by extrusion.
  • a tube bundle not shown, represented by a dashed tube 13, integrally formed and is also made by extrusion.
  • three components or assemblies, namely tube bundle, tube sheet and housing are thus produced in one step by extrusion.
  • a conventionally manufactured tube plate 14 is placed on the non-visible, downstream end of the tube bundle 13, which tube tube is connected both to the tubes 13 and to the housing 14 and thus forms a cooling chamber for the coolant within the housing 11.
  • FIG. 1 shows a further embodiment of the invention, namely a charge air cooler 10 with a housing 11, which is made in one piece with a tube sheet 12 by extrusion, with the tube sheet 12, a tube bundle, not shown, represented by a dashed tube 13,
  • the charge air coolers 1, 10 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are preferably used as pre-coolers or intercoolers in a supercharging system for an internal combustion engine. Both charge air coolers are all-aluminum coolers and therefore withstand charge air temperatures up to over 300 degrees Celsius, which is also achieved by a voltage-optimized design. In the case of pre-cooling, the charge air is pre-cooled to approx. 260 degrees and can then be fed to a conventional charge air cooler for further cooling.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicles, for a first gaseous flow medium and a second gaseous flow medium. Said heat exchanger comprises a tube bundle containing a plurality of tubes, a first tube base and a second tube base, a housing, in addition to an inlet connection and an outlet connection for the gaseous medium. The tubes comprise tube ends, which are held and sealed by the tube bases and the housing is connected on one side to the tube bases, forming a cooling chamber for the liquid flow medium and on its end face to the inlet and outlet connections.

Description

Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge Heat exchangers, in particular for motor vehicles
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge für ein erstes und ein zweites Strömungsmedium insbesondere nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicles, for a first and a second flow medium, in particular according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Brennkraftmaschinen für Kraftfahrzeuge werden zur Erhöhung ihrer Leistung aufgeladen, wobei die Ladeluft nach ihrer Verdichtung im Lader zwecks Erhöhung des Liefergrades durch einen Ladeluftkühler gekühlt wird. Die Ent- Wicklung moderner Verbrennungsmotoren geht in Richtung höherer Leistung und dabei auch in Richtung höherer Ladedrücke, was insbesondere durch verbesserte Lader, z. B. so genannte VTG-Lader (variable Turbinengeometrie) möglich wird. Teilweise erfolgt auch eine zweistufige Aufladung, wobei zwischen beiden Stufen eine Zwischenkühlung der Ladeluft vorgesehen ist. Demnach benötigen derartige Ladeluftsysteme einen Zwischen-Internal combustion engines for motor vehicles are charged to increase their output, the charge air being cooled by a charge air cooler after compression in the charger in order to increase the delivery rate. The development of modern internal combustion engines goes in the direction of higher performance and thereby also in the direction of higher boost pressures, which is particularly due to improved superchargers, e.g. B. so-called VTG supercharger (variable turbine geometry) is possible. In some cases there is also two-stage charging, with intercooling of the charge air being provided between the two stages. Accordingly, such charge air systems require an intermediate
Ladeluftkühler. Durch die verstärkte Aufladung werden erhöhte Ladelufttemperaturen erreicht, die mit herkömmlichen Ladeluftkühlern nicht mehr beherrschbar sind. Bekannte Ladeluftkühler weisen z. T. Kunststoffsammelkä- sten auf, die jedoch nur bis zu Temperaturen von ca. 200 Grad Celsius ein- setzbar sind. Oberhalb dieser Temperaturschwelle bis zu etwa 260 bis 270Intercooler. Due to the increased charging, increased charge air temperatures are reached which are no longer manageable with conventional charge air coolers. Known charge air coolers have z. T. plastic collection boxes, which can however only be used up to temperatures of approx. 200 degrees Celsius. Above this temperature threshold up to about 260 to 270
Grad Celsius werden Aluminium-Sammelkästen für Ladeluftkühier verwendet, die temperaturbeständiger sind. Will man diese herkömmlichen Ladeluftkühier weiter verwenden, d. h. bei erhöhten Ladedrücken und Ladelufttemperaturen, benötigt man einen Vorkühler, d. h. die Ladeluft wird in zwei Stufen heruntergekühlt, und zwar auf vorzugsweise unter etwa 260 GradDegrees Celsius, aluminum collection boxes are used for charge air coolers, which are more temperature resistant. If you want to continue using this conventional charge air cooler, i. H. with increased charge pressures and charge air temperatures, a pre-cooler is required, i. H. the charge air is cooled down in two stages, preferably below about 260 degrees
BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE durch den Vorkühler. Dieser muss daher besonders temperaturbeständig sein.BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE through the precooler. This must therefore be particularly temperature-resistant.
Die Ladeluft wird im Ladeluftkühler von Kraftfahrzeugen in der Regel durch Umgebungsluft gekühlt, wobei der Ladeluftkühler im vorderen Motorraum des Kraftfahrzeuges im Bereich eines Kühlmittel/Luftkühlers angeordnet ist. Teilweise sind jedoch auch Ladeluftkühler mit Flüssigkeitskühlung im Einsatz, wobei das Kühlmittel des Kühlkreislaufes der Brennkraftmaschine die Ladeluft kühlt. Nachteilig bei bekannten Ladeluftkühlern (vgl. DE-A 199 53 787 und DE-A 199 53 785) ist die Umlenkung der Ladeluft in den Luftkästen, was zu einem Druckverlust führt. Auch andere Bauweisen, z. B. Plattenoder Stapelscheibenwärmeübertrager gemäß DE-A 195 11 991 weisen infolge der zweifachen 90 Grad-Umlenkung der Ladeluft einen erhöhten Druckverlust auf.The charge air in the charge air cooler of motor vehicles is generally cooled by ambient air, the charge air cooler being arranged in the area of a coolant / air cooler in the front engine compartment of the motor vehicle. In some cases, however, charge air coolers with liquid cooling are also used, the coolant of the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine cooling the charge air. A disadvantage of known charge air coolers (cf. DE-A 199 53 787 and DE-A 199 53 785) is the deflection of the charge air in the air boxes, which leads to a pressure loss. Other designs, e.g. B. plate or stacked disc heat exchangers according to DE-A 195 11 991 have an increased pressure loss due to the double 90 degree deflection of the charge air.
Auf dem Gebiet der Abgaswärmeübertrager wurden Bauweisen bekannt, bei welchen der Druckverlust auf der Primärseite durch Vermeidung von Umlen- kungen reduziert wurde, z. B. durch die DE-A 199 07 163 der Anmelderin oder die WO 00/26514. Diese Wärmeübertrager weisen jeweils Rohrbündel, Rohrböden, Gehäuse und Abgasstutzen auf, die miteinander verlötet oder verschweißt sind. Dies bedeutet eine Vielzahl von Teilen und eine Vielzahl von Fertigungsschritten, d. h. erhöhte Herstellkosten.In the field of exhaust gas heat exchangers, construction methods have been known in which the pressure loss on the primary side has been reduced by avoiding deflections, eg. B. by DE-A 199 07 163 of the applicant or WO 00/26514. These heat exchangers each have tube bundles, tube sheets, housings and flue gas connectors which are soldered or welded to one another. This means a multitude of parts and a multitude of manufacturing steps, i. H. increased manufacturing costs.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Wärmeübertrager der ein- gangs genannten Art zu schaffen, der eine Temperaturbeständigkeit bis etwa 300 Grad Celsius und gegebenenfalls darüber und einen vorzugsweise relativ niedrigen Druckabfall auf der Gasseite aufweist sowie vorzugsweise mit geringen Kosten herstellbar ist.It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat exchanger of the type mentioned at the outset which has a temperature resistance of up to about 300 degrees Celsius and possibly above it and preferably a relatively low pressure drop on the gas side and which can preferably be produced at low cost.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass das Rohrbündel und einer der beiden Rohrböden einstückig ausgebildet und durch das an sich bekannte Fließpressverfahren herstellbar sind. Das Fließpressen ist eine bekannte Technologie, ähnlich dem Extrudieren und Strangpressen, wobei ein Rohteil durch ein formgebendes Werkzeug (Matrize) hindurchgedrückt wird (vgl. Dubbel, Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau, 20. Auflage, S30). Als Werkstoff wird bevorzugt eine Aluminiumstrangpresslegierung verwendet, die sich für das Fließpressen besonders eignet. Das dermaßen durch Fließpressen hergestellte Erzeugnis ist ein fertiger Rohrboden, an welchen sich sämtliche Rohre des Rohrbündels nahtlos und einstückig anschließen. Damit wird der Vorteil erreicht, dass erstens das separate Herstellen des Rohrbodens und der Rohre sowie zweitens die aufwendige Verbindung zwischen Rohren und Rohrböden, z. B. Schweißen oder Löten entfallen. Damit werden die Herstellkosten erheblich reduziert. Die übrigen Teile wie der zweite Rohrboden, das Gehäuse und die Anschlussstutzen bestehen aus Aluminiumwerkstoffen und werden konventionell mit dem Fließpressteil verbunden, z. B. durch Löten oder Schweißen. Vorteilhaft ist ferner, dass jeder beliebige Rohrquerschnitt, sei es in runder oder eckiger Form durch das Fließpressen herstellbar ist. Ferner ist von Vorteil, dass die Rohre des Rohrbündels in beliebiger Länge und Wandstärke herstellbar sind. Die Temperaturfestigkeit wird auch durch eine spannungsarrne Geometrie des erfindungsgemäßen Ganzaluminiumwärmeübertragers erreicht.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. According to the invention it is provided that the tube bundle and one of the two tube plates are formed in one piece and can be produced by the extrusion method known per se. Extrusion is a well-known technology, similar to extrusion and extrusion, whereby a blank is pressed through a shaping tool (die) (cf. Dubbel, paperback for mechanical engineering, 20th edition, S30). An aluminum extrusion alloy, which is particularly suitable for extrusion, is preferably used as the material. The product so produced by extrusion is a finished tube sheet, to which all tubes of the tube bundle connect seamlessly and in one piece. This has the advantage that, firstly, the separate manufacture of the tube sheet and the tubes and secondly, the complex connection between tubes and tube sheets, for. B. welding or soldering are eliminated. This significantly reduces manufacturing costs. The remaining parts such as the second tube sheet, the housing and the connecting pieces are made of aluminum materials and are conventionally connected to the extruded part, e.g. B. by soldering or welding. It is also advantageous that any pipe cross-section, be it round or square, can be produced by extrusion. It is also advantageous that the tubes of the tube bundle can be produced in any length and wall thickness. The temperature resistance is also achieved by a stress-free geometry of the all-aluminum heat exchanger according to the invention.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist auch das Gehäuse durch Fließpressen herstellbar, d. h. in einem Arbeitsgang mit dem Rohrboden und dem Rohrbündel. Damit wird der Vorteil einer weiteren Herstellungsvereinfachung und Kostenreduzierung des erfindungemäßen Wärmeübertragers erreicht. Mit dem Fließteil werden zur Komplettierung des Wärmeübertragers nur noch der zweite Rohrboden und die Anschlussstutzen verbunden.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the housing can also be produced by extrusion, i. H. in one step with the tube sheet and the tube bundle. The advantage of a further simplification of production and cost reduction of the heat exchanger according to the invention is thus achieved. To complete the heat exchanger, only the second tube plate and the connecting pieces are connected to the flow part.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Übergangsbereich zwischen den Rohren und den Rohrböden rund gestaltet, d. h. mit einem Radius versehen. Damit werden der Vorteil einer erhöhten Festigkeit durch einen günstigen Faserverlauf und der Vorteil eines besseren Fließverhaltens des Materials erreicht. Der Übergangsradius ist vorzugsweise auf der Rohraußenseite angeordnet, kann jedoch auch im Einströmbereich des Rohres am Rohrboden vorgesehen werden. Letzteres würde den primärseitigen Druckabfall weiter verringern. Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der erfindungsgemäße Wärmeübertrager als Ladeluftkühler für Verbrennungsmotoren von Kraftfahrzeugen eingesetzt, und zwar als Vor- oder Zwischenkühler eines Aufladesystems. Damit ist eine kostengünstige Lösung geschaffen, die auch bei hohen Aufladedrücken und dementsprechend hohen Temperaturen eine wirksame Kühlung der Ladeluft erlaubt und gleichzeitig die Weiterverwendung konventioneller Ladeluftkühler ermöglicht.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the transition area between the tubes and the tube sheets is round, that is to say provided with a radius. This gives the advantage of increased strength through a favorable fiber orientation and the advantage of better flow behavior of the material. The transition radius is preferably arranged on the outside of the tube, but can also be provided in the inflow region of the tube on the tube sheet. The latter would further reduce the primary pressure drop. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger according to the invention is used as a charge air cooler for internal combustion engines of motor vehicles, specifically as a pre-cooler or intercooler of a supercharging system. This creates a cost-effective solution that allows effective cooling of the charge air even at high supercharging pressures and correspondingly high temperatures and at the same time enables the use of conventional charge air coolers.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden im Folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigenEmbodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described in more detail below. Show it
Fig. 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung mit fließgepresstem Rohrboden und Rohrbündel und Fig. 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung mit fließgepresstem Rohrboden, Rohrbündel und Gehäuse.Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention with extruded tube sheet and tube bundle and Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention with extruded tube sheet, tube bundle and housing.
Fig. 1 zeigt in Explosivdarstellung einen Ladeluftkühler 1 für eine nicht dargestellte Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges. Der Ladeluftkühler 1 besteht aus folgenden Teilen, von links nach rechts in der Zeichnung: ein Eintrittsstutzen 2, ein Rohrbündel 3 mit Rohrboden 4, ein als Gehäusemantel ausgebildetes, zylinderförmiges Gehäuse 5 und ein Austrittsstutzen 6. Das Rohrbündel 3 besteht aus einer Vielzahl von Rohren 3a, welche einstückig mit dem Rohrboden 4 ausgebildet sind und jeweils einen rechteckförmigen Strömungsquerschnitt 3b aufweisen. Der Rohrboden 4 und die sich daran anschließenden Rohre 3a sind durch Fließpressen hergestellt, d. h. ein demFig. 1 shows an exploded view of an intercooler 1 for an internal combustion engine, not shown, of a motor vehicle. The charge air cooler 1 consists of the following parts, from left to right in the drawing: an inlet connector 2, a tube bundle 3 with a tube plate 4, a cylindrical housing 5 designed as a casing jacket and an outlet connector 6. The tube bundle 3 consists of a plurality of tubes 3a , which are formed in one piece with the tube sheet 4 and each have a rectangular flow cross section 3b. The tube sheet 4 and the adjoining tubes 3a are produced by extrusion, i. H. a the
Extrudieren oder Strangpressen ähnliches bekanntes Verfahren. Als Ausgangswerkstoff wird eine Aluminiumstrangpresslegierung verwendet, welche durch eine nicht dargestellte Matrize mit der Geometrie und der Anordnung der Rohre 3a gedrückt wird. Der Querschnitt der Rohre 3a sowie deren Länge und Wandstärke sind durch das Fließpressverfahren bzw. die entsprechende Matrize frei wählbar. Die Rohre 3a sind somit fest und dicht mit dem Rohrboden 4 verbunden und bedürfen prinzipiell keiner Nachbehandlung. Das Rohrbündel 3 weist eine dem Rohrboden 4 abgewandte Stirnseite 3c auf, welche auf konventionelle Art mit einem zweiten nicht dargestellten Rohrboden versehen wird. Alle Teile, die vorzugsweise aus Alu iniumlegie- rungen bestehen, werden miteinander zu einem kompletten Wärmeübertrager verlötet. Der Gehäusemantel 5 weist auf seinem Umfang einen Eintrittsstutzen 7 und diesem diagonal gegenüber einen Austrittsstutzen 8 auf - somit wird zwischen den beiden Rohrböden und dem Gehäusemantel 5 eine Kühlkammer 9 gebildet, die vom Kühlmittel eines nicht dargestellten Kühlkreislaufes der Brennkraftmaschine durchströmbar ist. Das Kühlmittel strömt somit zwischen den Rohren 3a und um das Rohrbündel 3 herum. Die heiße Ladeluft, dargestellt durch einen Pfeil LL, tritt in den Eintrittsstutzen 2 ein, der diffusorartig ausgebildet ist und die Ladeluft somit gleichmäßig auf die Flä- ehe des Rohrbodens 4 und die einzelnen Rohrquerschnitte 3b verteilt. Die Ladeluft durchströmt sämtliche Rohre 3a des Rohrbündels 3 und tritt auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite 3c aus dem Rohrbündel 3 aus und in den Austrittsstutzen 6 ein. Der fertig montierte Ladeluftkühler 1 ist in eine nicht dargestellte Ladeluftleitung eingesetzt, welche sich bündig an den Eintrittsstut- zen 2 und den Austrittsstutzen 6 anschließt. Der Ladeluftkühler 1 wird somit geradlinig, d. h. ohne Umlenkungen von der Ladeluft durchströmt, was einen geringen Druckverlust zur Folge hat.Extruding or extruding similar known process. An aluminum extrusion alloy is used as the starting material, which is pressed through a die (not shown) with the geometry and arrangement of the tubes 3a. The cross section of the tubes 3a as well as their length and wall thickness can be freely selected by means of the extrusion process or the corresponding die. The tubes 3a are thus firmly and tightly connected to the tube sheet 4 and in principle do not require any post-treatment. The tube bundle 3 has an end face 3c facing away from the tube sheet 4, which is provided in a conventional manner with a second tube sheet, not shown. All parts, which are preferably made of aluminum alloy stanchions exist, are soldered together to form a complete heat exchanger. The housing jacket 5 has on its circumference an inlet connector 7 and this diagonally opposite an outlet connector 8 - thus a cooling chamber 9 is formed between the two tube sheets and the housing jacket 5, through which the coolant of a cooling circuit, not shown, of the internal combustion engine can flow. The coolant thus flows between the tubes 3a and around the tube bundle 3. The hot charge air, represented by an arrow LL, enters the inlet connection 2, which is designed like a diffuser and thus distributes the charge air evenly over the surface of the tube sheet 4 and the individual tube cross sections 3b. The charge air flows through all the tubes 3a of the tube bundle 3 and exits the tube bundle 3 on the opposite side 3c and enters the outlet connection 6. The fully assembled charge air cooler 1 is inserted into a charge air line, not shown, which is flush with the inlet connector 2 and the outlet connector 6. The charge air cooler 1 is thus flowed through in a straight line, ie without deflections, by the charge air, which results in a low pressure loss.
Fig. 2 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, nämlich einen Ladeluftkühler 10 mit einem Gehäuse 11 , welches einstückig mit einem Rohrboden 12 durch Fließpressen hergestellt ist, wobei mit dem Rohrboden 12 ein nicht sichtbares Rohrbündel, dargestellt durch eine gestricheltes Rohr 13, einstückig ausgebildet und ebenfalls durch Fließpressen hergestellt ist. Somit sind bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel drei Bauteile bzw. Baugruppen, nämlich Rohrbündel, Rohrboden und Gehäuse in einem Verfahrensschritt durch Fließpressen einstückig hergestellt. Auf das nicht sichtbare, stromab- wärtige Ende des Rohrbündels 13 wird ein konventionell gefertigter Rohrboden 14 aufgesetzt, der sowohl mit den Rohren 13 als auch mit dem Gehäuse 14 verbunden wird und somit innerhalb des Gehäuse 11 eine Kühlkammer für das Kühlmittel bildet. Wie beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 werden in das einlass- und das auslassseitige Ende des Gehäuses 11 ein Eintrittsstutzen 15 und ein Austrittsstutzen 16 eingesetzt, welche mit dem Gehäusemantel 11 verbunden werden. Sämtliche Teile bestehen aus Aluminiumlegierungen und werden vorzugsweise miteinander verlötet. Die Ladeluftkühler 1 , 10 gemäß Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 werden vorzugsweise als Vorkühler oder Zwischenkühler in einem Aufladesystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine eingesetzt. Beide Ladeluftkühler sind Ganzaluminiumkühler und halten somit Ladelufttemperaturen bis zu über 300 Grad Celsius stand, was auch durch eine spannungsoptimierte Bauweise erreicht wird. Im Falle der Vorkühlung wird die Ladeluft auf ca. 260 Grad vorgekühlt und kann dann einem konventionellen Ladeluftkühler zur weiteren Abkühlung zugeführt werden. Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention, namely a charge air cooler 10 with a housing 11, which is made in one piece with a tube sheet 12 by extrusion, with the tube sheet 12, a tube bundle, not shown, represented by a dashed tube 13, integrally formed and is also made by extrusion. In this exemplary embodiment, three components or assemblies, namely tube bundle, tube sheet and housing, are thus produced in one step by extrusion. A conventionally manufactured tube plate 14 is placed on the non-visible, downstream end of the tube bundle 13, which tube tube is connected both to the tubes 13 and to the housing 14 and thus forms a cooling chamber for the coolant within the housing 11. As in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, an inlet connector 15 and an outlet connector 16 are inserted into the inlet and outlet ends of the housing 11 and are connected to the housing jacket 11. All parts are made of aluminum alloys and are preferably soldered together. The charge air coolers 1, 10 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are preferably used as pre-coolers or intercoolers in a supercharging system for an internal combustion engine. Both charge air coolers are all-aluminum coolers and therefore withstand charge air temperatures up to over 300 degrees Celsius, which is also achieved by a voltage-optimized design. In the case of pre-cooling, the charge air is pre-cooled to approx. 260 degrees and can then be fed to a conventional charge air cooler for further cooling.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h eP a t e n t a n s r u c h e
0 1. Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge für ein erstes Strömungsmedium und ein zweites Strömungsmedium, mit einem eine Vielzahl von Rohren (3a) aufweisenden Rohrbündel (3), einem ersten Rohrboden (4) und einem zweiten Rohrboden, einem Gehäuse (5) sowie Ein- und Austrittsstutzen (2, 6) für das erste Strömungsme-5 dium, wobei die Rohre (3a) Rohrenden aufweisen, die in den Rohrböden gehalten und abgedichtet sind, und wobei das Gehäuse (5) einerseits mit den Rohrböden zur Bildung einer Kühlkammer (9) für das zweite Strömungsmedium und andererseits stirnseitig mit den Ein- und Austrittsstutzen (2, 6) verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, o dass der erste Rohrboden (4) und die Rohre (3a) einstückig ausgebildet sind.1. Heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicles for a first flow medium and a second flow medium, with a tube bundle (3) having a plurality of tubes (3a), a first tube plate (4) and a second tube plate, a housing (5) and a - And outlet connection (2, 6) for the first flow medium, the tubes (3a) having tube ends which are held and sealed in the tube sheets, and wherein the housing (5) on the one hand with the tube sheets to form a cooling chamber ( 9) for the second flow medium and, on the other hand, is connected at the front to the inlet and outlet connections (2, 6), characterized in that the first tube plate (4) and the tubes (3a) are formed in one piece.
2. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Rohrboden (12), die Rohre (13) und das Gehäuse (11 ) ein-5 stückig ausgebildet sind.2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the first tube sheet (12), the tubes (13) and the housing (11) are one-5 pieces.
3. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die einstückig ausgebildeten Teile durch Fließpressen hergestellt sind.0 Wärmeübertrager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die einstückig ausgebildeten Teile durch Fließpressen hergestellt sind, vorzugsweise aus einer Aluminiumstrangpresslegierung hergestellt sind.5 3. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the one-piece parts are made by extrusion. 0 heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the one-piece parts are made by extrusion, preferably made of an extruded aluminum alloy. 5
5. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1 , 2, 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Querschnitt (3b) der Rohre (3a) rund, rechteck- förmig oder polygonförmig ausgebildet ist.5. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the cross section (3b) of the tubes (3a) is round, rectangular or polygonal.
6. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den Rohren (3a, 13) und dem ersten Rohrboden (4, 12), insbesondere auf der Außenseite der Rohre ein gerundeter Übergangsbereich vorgesehen ist.6. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a rounded transition region is provided between the tubes (3a, 13) and the first tube sheet (4, 12), in particular on the outside of the tubes.
7. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohre (3a, 13) auf ihrer Innen- und/oder Außenseite Rippen oder Turbulenzerzeuger zur Verbesserung des Wärmeübergangs aufweisen.7. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tubes (3a, 13) have ribs or turbulence generators on their inside and / or outside to improve the heat transfer.
8. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Ein- und Austrittsstutzen (2, 6; 15, 16) sowie die Rohre (3a, 13) des Rohrbündels fluchtend angeordnet sind.8. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that inlet and outlet ports (2, 6; 15, 16) and the tubes (3a, 13) of the tube bundle are arranged in alignment.
9. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass die Ein- und Austrittsstutzen (2, 6; 15, 16), der zweite Rohrboden (14) und/oder das Gehäuse (5) stoffschlüssig mit dem einstückigen, fließgepressten Teil (3, 4; 11 , 12) verbunden sind.9. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inlet and outlet ports (2, 6; 15, 16), the second tube sheet (14) and / or the housing (5) integrally with the one-piece , extruded part (3, 4; 11, 12) are connected.
10. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (5, 11) eine Ein- und Auslassöffnung (7, 8) für das flüssige Strömungsmedium aufweist.10. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the housing (5, 11) has an inlet and outlet opening (7, 8) for the liquid flow medium.
11. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohre (3a, 13) von Ladeluft und das Gehäu- se (5, 11) von Kühlmittel für eine Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges durchströmbar sind.11. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the tubes (3a, 13) of charge air and the housing (5, 11) of coolant for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle can be flowed through.
12. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Medium ein flüssiges oder gas- förmiges Medium ist. 12. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first medium is a liquid or gaseous medium.
13. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Medium ein flüssiges oder gasförmiges Medium ist.13. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second medium is a liquid or gaseous medium.
14. Verwendung des Wärmeübertragers nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 als Vor- oder Zwischenkühler oder Kühler für die Ladeluft oder das Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges. 14. Use of the heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 13 as a precooler or intercooler or cooler for the charge air or the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
EP04765229.2A 2003-10-17 2004-09-15 Heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP1690056B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10349140A DE10349140A1 (en) 2003-10-17 2003-10-17 Heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicles
PCT/EP2004/010315 WO2005038376A1 (en) 2003-10-17 2004-09-15 Heat exchanger, in particular for motor vehicles

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EP1690056A1 true EP1690056A1 (en) 2006-08-16
EP1690056B1 EP1690056B1 (en) 2014-03-05

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US20070029076A1 (en) 2007-02-08
EP1690056B1 (en) 2014-03-05

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