EP1687884A1 - Stator of an electric drive - Google Patents

Stator of an electric drive

Info

Publication number
EP1687884A1
EP1687884A1 EP04819244A EP04819244A EP1687884A1 EP 1687884 A1 EP1687884 A1 EP 1687884A1 EP 04819244 A EP04819244 A EP 04819244A EP 04819244 A EP04819244 A EP 04819244A EP 1687884 A1 EP1687884 A1 EP 1687884A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical machine
stator
rotor
grooves
teeth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04819244A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thilo Hoffmann
Andreas JÖCKEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Mobility GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1687884A1 publication Critical patent/EP1687884A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical machine and its use e.g. in electric traction vehicles.
  • a stator of an induction motor is known from US Pat. No. 3,783,318, which has different longitudinal and transverse dimensions due to different groove depths.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a drive which, with a comparatively high torque, low energy consumption and low maintenance, can also be installed in confined installation spaces. In particular, it should also be easy to manufacture.
  • an electrical machine with a stator and a rotor, the laminated core of the stator having axially extending grooves and teeth extend between the adjacent grooves in the direction of the air gap, at least a predeterminable number of teeth each being surrounded by tooth coils and at least one section being provided in the circumferential direction of the stator, which is designed without grooves, but follows the contour of the stator bore at the air gap.
  • Such an electric machine according to the invention creates a sufficient level when used in an electric vehicle with reduced noise and energy consumption
  • Torque to accelerate such traction vehicles It is particularly advantageous that there is no rotationally symmetrical stator winding distributed continuously on the circumference of the electrical machine, but rather individual toothed coils are used around the teeth.
  • tooth coils are advantageously made in advance and now only have to be plugged onto the respective teeth.
  • the tooth coils can advantageously also be located on coil carriers, which can then be fixed to the tooth in a material, form or frictional manner.
  • the electrical machine according to the invention as the drive of an electric locomotive fulfills the requirements for ground clearance and limitations of deflections of a car body with a comparatively higher torque.
  • This electrical machine is particularly advantageously designed as a direct drive.
  • a direct drive means a drive without a gear.
  • the torque can be transmitted through a clutch to the wheels or the wheelset.
  • the drive is then suspended in the chassis and thus cushioned.
  • the drive rides directly on the wheelset shaft without a clutch; it is therefore unsprung and part of the wheelset.
  • the rotor is covered with permanent magnets tee t.
  • the rotor has permanent magnets, which are advantageously arranged in a flux concentration arrangement in order to obtain an increased flux density in the air gap.
  • FIG. 4 5 arrangement of permanent magnets in a rotor of an electrical machine according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 a rotor with permanent magnets and at least one short-circuit cage
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 an electrical machine according to the prior art on a car body
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 of an electrical machine according to the invention a car body
  • FIG. 11 to 18 basic arrangements of an electrical machine according to the invention on wheel sets or individual wheels
  • IG 19 arrangement of the electrical machine with a gearbox in a chassis IG 20 side view of a sprung direct drive
  • IG 21 cross section of an unsprung direct drive
  • 1 shows a sheet 2 of a stator of an electrical machine 1.
  • the sheets 2 are layered and have two opposite sides, which are designed without grooves.
  • the groove-free sections 3 are each characterized in the circumferential direction by a segment of approximately 60 °. The rest of
  • Cross-sectional area of the sheet 2 shows grooves 4, which form part of a gapless coil winding 7.
  • relatively wide teeth 6 alternate with narrow teeth 5, the narrow teeth 5 being unwound, while the wide teeth 6 are wound.
  • Prefabricated toothed coils 7 are advantageously used as winding coils.
  • a groove 4 there is therefore only one forward or return conductor of a toothed coil 7.
  • the electrical machine 1 is designed with a high number of poles, i.e. it has more than twenty poles.
  • FIG. 2 shows, like FIG. 21, a gapless toothed coil winding, but only with a slotless section 3. Only the wide teeth are surrounded by toothed coils 7.
  • the torque ripple of the electrical machine remains in a range tolerable for traction operation due to the high number of poles.
  • the increased demands on the torque ripple in machine tool construction can be met, for example, by sloping the grooves of the metal sheets 2 of the stator and / or sloping the permanent magnets 20 of the rotor 28.
  • the synchronous machine in particular has a slope that is between 0.4 times and 0.6 times a slot pitch.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sheet 2 with a non-gaping coil winding and two slotless sections 3.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 each show a rotor 28.
  • the permanent magnets 20 are attached to the outer circumference of the rotor 28 and fixed with a bandage 19. 20, the permanent magnets 20 are inserted in the flux concentration direction in the laminated core of the rotor 28.
  • FIG. 6 shows a rotor 28 with permanent magnets 20 attached to the outer circumference of the rotor 28, which are fixed by a bandage.
  • the laminated core of the rotor 28 is at least in the induction cage 21 for additional torque utilization of the harmonics.
  • FIG. 7,8 shows in a front view a basic arrangement of an electrical machine known per se in a car body 11 as the drive of a locomotive (not shown in more detail).
  • a predetermined ground clearance 13 is to be included between the upper edge of the rails 12 and the lower edge of the electrical machine 1. This is particularly important for direct drives.
  • the machine axis 14 can be arranged above the wheel set shaft 15 in order to thus obtain the required ground clearance 13.
  • 9,10 shows an identical view of the geometric conditions when using an electrical machine 1 according to the invention, which is preferably designed as a permanently excited synchronous machine. The required ground clearance is maintained while lowering the body 11.
  • 11 to 18 show further possible arrangements of the machine 1 according to the invention as a traction motor of locomotives.
  • the electrical machine 1 is arranged as an unsprung wheel set drive coaxially around the axis of the wheel set 10. This results in the advantages mentioned above, in particular for low-floor vehicles.
  • FIG. 12 shows a wheel set drive in which the electrical machine 1 and gear 16 are arranged coaxially around the axis of the wheel set 10.
  • FIG. 13 shows the electrical machine as a direct drive of an individual wheel 17.
  • FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 essentially differ from FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 in that the electrical machine 1 is arranged lengthwise.
  • FIG. 19 shows, by way of example, the arrangement of a drive variant according to FIG. 11 in a traction motor frame 18, which, among other things, contains bearing systems which are not shown in detail.
  • 20 shows a basic illustration of a longitudinal section of a sprung direct drive as an application of a synchronous machine according to the invention.
  • a cardan hollow shaft 8, which is coupled to a wheel set 10, is driven on the motor side via an articulated lever coupling 9.
  • FIG. 21 shows a cross section of an unsprung direct drive of a wheel set 10.
  • the direct drive maintains the necessary distances from the lower edge of the car body 11 and from the upper edge of the rails 12 with the same output power of the electrical machine 1.
  • the plates 2 of the stator are provided with tooth coils 7.
  • the grooveless sections 3 of the sheets 2 ideally face the rail 12 or the car body 11.
  • a rotor 28 surrounds the wheel set shaft 15.
  • the rotor 18 has permanent magnets 20 on its outer circumference, as is shown in more detail in FIGS. 19 and 20.
  • slotless sections 3 In the case of machine tools or other production machines, it may be necessary to adapt the slotless sections 3 to the given locations both in number and in terms of their position relative to one another on sheets 2.
  • tooth flanks of adjacent teeth are designed in parallel, so that the assembly with tooth coils 7 is made easier.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to provide a very compact electric drive that can be mounted even where there is little space, e.g. in traction vehicles or machine tools. According to the invention, an electric machine (1) has a stator and a rotor (28). The plates (2) of the stator have axially extending grooves (4) and teeth (5, 6) extend between adjacent grooves (4) and face the air gap. At least a predetermined number of said teeth (6) is configured as a single-tooth winding (7) each. At least one section (3) in the peripheral direction of the stator is devoid of grooves but follows in the area of the air gap the contour of the stator bore (11).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Elektrische MaschineElectrical machine
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Maschine und deren Einsatz z.B. bei elektrischen Triebfahrzeugen.The invention relates to an electrical machine and its use e.g. in electric traction vehicles.
Elektrische Maschinen, insbesondere permanentmagneterregte Synchronmaschinen werden unter anderem im Werkzeugmaschinen- bau eingesetzt. Dabei, dies gilt auch für Schienenfahrzeuge, treten aufgrund des begrenzt verfügbaren Einbauraums bei Werkzeugmaschinen und insbesondere bei niederflurigen Schienenfahrzeugen Probleme bzgl. der Unterbringung leistungsfähiger Antriebe auf. So begrenzen die geforderte Bodenfreiheit und der Radverschleiß den Bauraum nach unten. Zusätzlich begrenzt bei sehr niederflurigen Fahrzeugen mit Radsätzen die Einfederung des Wagenkastens den Bauraum nach oben.Electrical machines, in particular synchronous machines excited by permanent magnets, are used, among other things, in machine tool construction. Here, this also applies to rail vehicles, due to the limited installation space available for machine tools and in particular for low-floor rail vehicles, problems arise regarding the accommodation of powerful drives. The required ground clearance and wheel wear limit the installation space downwards. In addition, in the case of very low-floor vehicles with wheelsets, the deflection of the car body limits the installation space upwards.
Aus der US 4,864,177 ist ein Stator für einen zweipoligen Einphaseninduktionsmotor bekannt, der aufgrund seines physikalischen Wirkungsprinzips unterschiedliche Längs- und Querabmessungen aufweist. Dabei sind bei jeweils gleicher Nuttiefe unterschiedliche Jochhöhen vorhanden.From US 4,864,177 a stator for a two-pole single-phase induction motor is known, which has different longitudinal and transverse dimensions due to its physical principle of action. Different yoke heights are available with the same groove depth.
Aus der US 3,783,318 ist ein Stator eines In uktionsmotors bekannt, der aufgrund unterschiedlicher Nuttiefen unterschiedliche Längs- und Querabmessungen aufweist.A stator of an induction motor is known from US Pat. No. 3,783,318, which has different longitudinal and transverse dimensions due to different groove depths.
Der Erfindung liegt demnach die Aufgabe zugrunde einen An- trieb zu schaffen, der bei vergleichsweise hohem Drehmoment geringem Energieverbrauch und geringer Wartung auch in beengte Bauräume einbaubar ist. Dabei soll er insbesondere auch einfach herstellbar sein.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a drive which, with a comparatively high torque, low energy consumption and low maintenance, can also be installed in confined installation spaces. In particular, it should also be easy to manufacture.
Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe gelingt durch eine elektrische Maschine mit einem Stator und einem Rotor, wobei das Blechpaket des Stators axial verlaufende Nuten aufweist und sich zwischen den benachbarten Nuten in Richtung Luftspalt Zähne erstrecken, wobei zumindest eine vorgebbare Anzahl der Zähne jeweils von Zahnspulen umgeben sind und in Umfangsrich- tung des Stators zumindest ein Abschnitt vorgesehen ist, der nutenlos ausgeführt ist, jedoch am Luftspalt der Kontur der Statorbohrung folgt.The problem is solved by an electrical machine with a stator and a rotor, the laminated core of the stator having axially extending grooves and teeth extend between the adjacent grooves in the direction of the air gap, at least a predeterminable number of teeth each being surrounded by tooth coils and at least one section being provided in the circumferential direction of the stator, which is designed without grooves, but follows the contour of the stator bore at the air gap.
Eine derartige erfindungsgemäße elektrische Maschine schafft bei einem Einsatz in einem elektrischen Fahrzeug bei redu- zierten Geräuschen und Energieverbrauch ein ausreichendesSuch an electric machine according to the invention creates a sufficient level when used in an electric vehicle with reduced noise and energy consumption
Drehmoment um derartige Triebfahrzeuge zu beschleunigen. Dabei ist besonders vorteilhaft, dass keine rotationssymmetrische am Umfang der elektrischen Maschine durchgehende verteilte Ständerwicklung vorhanden sein, sondern vielmehr ein- zelne Zahnspulen um die Zähnen eingesetzt werden.Torque to accelerate such traction vehicles. It is particularly advantageous that there is no rotationally symmetrical stator winding distributed continuously on the circumference of the electrical machine, but rather individual toothed coils are used around the teeth.
Diese Zahnspulen sind vorteilhafterweise vorab gefertigt und müssen nunmehr lediglich auf die jeweiligen Zähne gesteckt werden. Die Zahnspulen können sich vorteilhafterweise auch auf Spulenträgern befinden, die dann am Zahn stoff-, form- oder reibschlüssig fixierbar sind.These tooth coils are advantageously made in advance and now only have to be plugged onto the respective teeth. The tooth coils can advantageously also be located on coil carriers, which can then be fixed to the tooth in a material, form or frictional manner.
Die er indungsgemäße elektrische Maschine als Antrieb eines elektrischen Triebfahrzeugs erfüllt bei vergleichsweise höhe- rem Drehmoment die Anforderungen an Bodenfreiheit und Begrenzungen von Einfederungen eines Wagenkastens. Besonders vorteilhaft ist diese elektrische Maschine als Direktantrieb ausführbar.The electrical machine according to the invention as the drive of an electric locomotive fulfills the requirements for ground clearance and limitations of deflections of a car body with a comparatively higher torque. This electrical machine is particularly advantageously designed as a direct drive.
Unter einem Direktan rieb wird dabei ein Antrieb ohne Getriebe verstanden. Das Drehmoment kann dabei durch eine Kupplung an die Räder bzw. den Radsatz übertragen werden. Damit ist dann der Antrieb im Fahrwerk aufgehängt und somit abgefedert .A direct drive means a drive without a gear. The torque can be transmitted through a clutch to the wheels or the wheelset. The drive is then suspended in the chassis and thus cushioned.
In einer weiteren Ausführung reitet der Antrieb ohne Kupplung direkt auf der Radsatzwelle; er ist damit ungefedert und ein Teil des Radsatzes. Der Rotor ist mit Permanentmagneten be- stückt. Insbesondere bei der hochpoligen permanentmagneterregten Synchronmaschine weist der Rotor Permanentmagnete auf, die vorteilhafterweise in Flusskonzentrationsanordnung angeordnet sind, um im Luftspalt eine erhöhte Flussdichte zu er- halten.In a further embodiment, the drive rides directly on the wheelset shaft without a clutch; it is therefore unsprung and part of the wheelset. The rotor is covered with permanent magnets tee t. In particular in the case of the high-pole synchronous machine excited by permanent magnets, the rotor has permanent magnets, which are advantageously arranged in a flux concentration arrangement in order to obtain an increased flux density in the air gap.
Dabei beträgt vorteilhafterweise die Spulenweite ein Vielfaches der PolteilungThe coil width is advantageously a multiple of the pole pitch
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die nutenlosen Abschnitte einander gegenüberliegen, da damit die Höhe des Bauraums re¬ duziert wird und dies insbesondere Bodenfreiheit und Einfede- rung zugute kommt.It is particularly advantageous when the non-grooved portions opposed to each other, since thus the amount of installation space is re ¬ produces and this particular ground clearance and Einfede- tion benefit.
Die Erfindung sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung werden in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt . Dabei zeigen:The invention and further advantageous embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawing. Show:
FIG 1 bis 3 Blechschnitte erfindungsgemäßer elektrischen Ma- schinen,1 to 3 sheet metal cuts of electrical machines according to the invention,
FIG 4, 5 Anordnung von Permanentmagneten in einem Läufer einer erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Maschine, FIG 6 einen Rotor mit Permanentmagneten und Zumindest einem Kurzschlusskäfig, FIG 7 und 8 eine elektrische Maschine nach dem Stand der Technik an einem Wagenkasten FIG 9 und 10 eine erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Maschine an einem Wagenkasten, FIG 11 bis 18 grundsätzliche Anordnungen einer erfindungsge- mäßen elektrischen Maschine an Radsätzen bzw. Einzelrädern, IG 19 Anordnung der elektrischen Maschine mit gegebenenfalls einem Getriebe in einem Fahrwerk, IG 20 Seitenansicht eines abgefederten Direktan- triebs, IG 21 Querschnitt eines unabgefederten Direktantriebs, FIG 1 zeigt ein Blech 2 eines Stators einer elektrische Maschine 1. Die Bleche 2 sind geschichtet und weisen zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten auf, die nutenlos ausgeführt sind. Die dabei nutenlosen Abschnitte 3 sind in Umfangsrichtung jeweils durch ein Segment von ca. 60° gekennzeichnet. Der Rest der4, 5 arrangement of permanent magnets in a rotor of an electrical machine according to the invention, FIG. 6 a rotor with permanent magnets and at least one short-circuit cage, FIGS. 7 and 8 an electrical machine according to the prior art on a car body FIGS. 9 and 10 of an electrical machine according to the invention a car body, FIG. 11 to 18 basic arrangements of an electrical machine according to the invention on wheel sets or individual wheels, IG 19 arrangement of the electrical machine with a gearbox in a chassis, IG 20 side view of a sprung direct drive, IG 21 cross section of an unsprung direct drive . 1 shows a sheet 2 of a stator of an electrical machine 1. The sheets 2 are layered and have two opposite sides, which are designed without grooves. The groove-free sections 3 are each characterized in the circumferential direction by a segment of approximately 60 °. The rest of
Querschnittsfläche des Blechs 2 zeigt Nuten 4, die Teil einer lückenden Zahnspulenwicklung 7 bilden. Dabei wechseln sich verhältnismäßig breite Zähne 6 mit schmalen Zähnen 5 ab, wobei die schmalen Zähne 5 unbewickelt sind, während die brei- ten Zähne 6 bewickelt sind. Als Wicklungsspulen sind dabei vorteilhafterweise vorgefertigte Zahnspulen 7 eingesetzt. In einer Nut 4 befindet sich somit lediglich ein Hin oder Rückleiter einer Zahnspule 7. Die elektrische Maschine 1 ist hochpolig ausgeführt, d.h. sie hat mehr als ca. zwanzig Pole.Cross-sectional area of the sheet 2 shows grooves 4, which form part of a gapless coil winding 7. In this case, relatively wide teeth 6 alternate with narrow teeth 5, the narrow teeth 5 being unwound, while the wide teeth 6 are wound. Prefabricated toothed coils 7 are advantageously used as winding coils. In a groove 4 there is therefore only one forward or return conductor of a toothed coil 7. The electrical machine 1 is designed with a high number of poles, i.e. it has more than twenty poles.
FIG 2 zeigt wie FIG 21 eine lückende Zahnspulenwicklung, jedoch lediglich mit einem nutenlosen Abschnitt 3. Dabei sind nur die breiten Zähne von Zahnspulen 7 umgeben.FIG. 2 shows, like FIG. 21, a gapless toothed coil winding, but only with a slotless section 3. Only the wide teeth are surrounded by toothed coils 7.
Dieser außergewöhnliche Aufbau des Stators einer Synchronmaschine ist nur bei Zahnspulen 7 möglich. Es wird somit keine rotationssymmetrische am Umfang der Synchronmaschine durchgehend verteilte Statorwicklung benötigt. Damit lässt sich das Drehmoment einer derartigen erfindungsgemäßen Synchronmaschi- ne bei gleicher Einbauhöhe (=Achshöhe) , d.h. die Drehmomentausnutzung gegenüber rotationssymmetrischen Maschinen 1 deutlich steigern. Durch Anwendung derartiger elektrischer Maschinen 1 als Fahrmotoren bei Radsatzdirektantrieben für Schienenfahrzeuge kann z.B. der Motorisierungsgrad gesenkt und dadurch Kosten eingespart werden. Derartige elektrische Maschinen 1 benötigen einen vergleichsweise eingeschränkten Bauraum, so dass sie insbesondere bei niederflurigen Fahrzeugen, oder im Werkzeugmaschinenbau einsetzbar sind.This unusual structure of the stator of a synchronous machine is only possible with toothed coils 7. There is therefore no need for a rotationally symmetrical stator winding which is distributed throughout the circumference of the synchronous machine. The torque of such a synchronous machine according to the invention can thus be achieved with the same installation height (= axis height), i.e. significantly increase the torque utilization compared to rotationally symmetrical machines 1. By using such electrical machines 1 as traction motors in direct wheel drives for rail vehicles, e.g. the degree of motorization is reduced, thereby saving costs. Electrical machines 1 of this type require a comparatively restricted installation space, so that they can be used in particular in low-floor vehicles or in machine tool construction.
Trotz der lückenden Zahnspulenwicklung bleibt die Drehmomen- tenwelligkeit der elektrischen Maschine aufgrund der hohen Polzahl in einem für Traktionsbetrieb tolerierbaren Bereich. Für den Einsatz im Werkzeugmaschinenbau oder anderen Produktionsmaschinen lässt sich z.B. durch Schrägung der Nuten der Bleche 2 des Stators und/oder Schrägung der Permanentmagnete 20 des Rotors 28 die erhöhten Anforderungen an die Drehmomen- tenwelligkeit im Werkzeugmaschinenbau erfüllen. Dabei weist die Synchronmaschine insbesondere eine Schrägung auf, die zwischen dem 0,4-fachen und 0,6-fachen einer Nutteilung liegt .Despite the gaping coil winding, the torque ripple of the electrical machine remains in a range tolerable for traction operation due to the high number of poles. For use in machine tool construction or other production machines, the increased demands on the torque ripple in machine tool construction can be met, for example, by sloping the grooves of the metal sheets 2 of the stator and / or sloping the permanent magnets 20 of the rotor 28. The synchronous machine in particular has a slope that is between 0.4 times and 0.6 times a slot pitch.
FIG 3 zeigt ein Blech 2 mit einer nichtluckenden Zahnspulenwicklung und zwei nutenlose Abschnitte 3.3 shows a sheet 2 with a non-gaping coil winding and two slotless sections 3.
FIG 4 und 5 zeigen jeweils einen Rotor 28. In FIG 4 sind die Permanentmagnete 20 am Außenumfang des Rotors 28 angebracht und mit einer Bandage 19 fixiert. Gemäß FIG 20 sind die Permanentmagnete 20 in Flusskonzentrationsrichtung in das Blechpaket des Rotors 28 eingefügt.FIGS. 4 and 5 each show a rotor 28. In FIG. 4, the permanent magnets 20 are attached to the outer circumference of the rotor 28 and fixed with a bandage 19. 20, the permanent magnets 20 are inserted in the flux concentration direction in the laminated core of the rotor 28.
FIG 6 zeigt einen Rotor 28 mit am Außenumfang des Rotors 28 angebrachten Permanentmagneten 20, die durch eine Bandage fixiert sind. Zusätzlich befindet sich im Blechpaket des Rotors 28 zumindest in Induktionskäfig 21 zur zusätzlichen Drehmomentenausnutzung der Oberschwingungen.6 shows a rotor 28 with permanent magnets 20 attached to the outer circumference of the rotor 28, which are fixed by a bandage. In addition, the laminated core of the rotor 28 is at least in the induction cage 21 for additional torque utilization of the harmonics.
FIG 7,8 zeigt in einer Vorderansicht eine prinzipielle Anordnung einer an sich bekannten elektrischen Maschine in einem Wagenkasten 11 als Antrieb eines nicht näher dargestellten Triebfahrzeugs. Dabei ist grundsätzlich zwischen der Oberkante der Schienen 12 und der Unterkante der elektrischen Ma- schine 1 eine vorgegebene Bodenfreiheit 13 beinzuhalten. Dies ist insbesondere bei Direktantrieben zu beachten. Bei elektrischen Maschinen 1 die z.B. einen Radsatz 10 über ein Getriebe 16 antreiben, kann die Maschinenachse 14 über der Radsatzwelle 15 angeordnet werden, um somit die erforderliche Bodenfreiheit 13 zu erhalten. Damit ist aber die Unterkante des Wagenkastens 11 hochzusetzen, womit sich u.a. Komforteinbußen ergeben. FIG 9,10 zeigt bei identischer Ansicht die geometrischen Verhältnisse bei Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Maschine 1, die vorzugsweise als permanenterregte Synchronmaschine ausgeführt ist . Die erforderlichen Bodenfreiheit wird bei gleichzeitiger Absenkung des Wagenkastens 11 eingehalten.FIG. 7,8 shows in a front view a basic arrangement of an electrical machine known per se in a car body 11 as the drive of a locomotive (not shown in more detail). Basically, a predetermined ground clearance 13 is to be included between the upper edge of the rails 12 and the lower edge of the electrical machine 1. This is particularly important for direct drives. In the case of electrical machines 1 which, for example, drive a wheel set 10 via a gear 16, the machine axis 14 can be arranged above the wheel set shaft 15 in order to thus obtain the required ground clearance 13. However, this means that the lower edge of the car body 11 has to be raised, which among other things results in a loss of comfort. 9,10 shows an identical view of the geometric conditions when using an electrical machine 1 according to the invention, which is preferably designed as a permanently excited synchronous machine. The required ground clearance is maintained while lowering the body 11.
FIG 11 bis 18 zeigen weitere Anordnungsmöglichkeiten der erfindungsgemäßen Maschine 1 als Fahrmotor von Triebfahrzeugen. Die elektrische Maschine 1 ist gemäß FIG 11 dabei als ungefe- derter Radsatzantrieb koaxial um die Achse des Radsatzes 10 angeordnet. Es ergeben sich dadurch die oben genannten Vorteile, insbesondere für Niederflurfahrzeuge.11 to 18 show further possible arrangements of the machine 1 according to the invention as a traction motor of locomotives. 11, the electrical machine 1 is arranged as an unsprung wheel set drive coaxially around the axis of the wheel set 10. This results in the advantages mentioned above, in particular for low-floor vehicles.
FIG 12 zeigt einen Radsatzantrieb, bei dem elektrische Ma- schine 1 und Getriebe 16 koaxial um die Achse des Radsatzes 10 angeordnet sind.12 shows a wheel set drive in which the electrical machine 1 and gear 16 are arranged coaxially around the axis of the wheel set 10.
FIG 13 zeigt die elektrische Maschine als Direktantrieb eines Einzelrades 17.13 shows the electrical machine as a direct drive of an individual wheel 17.
FIG 14 zeigt die elektrische Maschine 1 und ein Getriebe 16 koaxial um die Achse des Einzelrades 17 angeordnet.14 shows the electrical machine 1 and a gear 16 arranged coaxially around the axis of the individual wheel 17.
FIG 15 zeigt die elektrische Maschine 1 querliegend mit einem Getriebe 16 zum Antrieb des Radsatzes 10.15 shows the electrical machine 1 lying transversely with a gear 16 for driving the wheel set 10.
FIG 16 zeigt die elektrischen Maschine 1 querliegend mit einem Getriebe 16 zum Antrieb eines Einzelrades 17.16 shows the electrical machine 1 lying transversely with a gear 16 for driving an individual wheel 17.
FIG 17 und FIG 18 unterscheiden sich im wesentlichen von FIG 15 und FIG 16 dadurch, dass die elektrischen Maschine 1 längsliegend angeordnet ist.FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 essentially differ from FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 in that the electrical machine 1 is arranged lengthwise.
FIG 19 zeigt beispielhaft die Anordnung einer Antriebsvarian- te nach FIG 11 in einem Fahrmotorgestell 18, das u.a. nicht näher dargestellte Lagersysteme enthält. FIG 20 zeigt in einer prinzipiellen Darstellung einen Längsschnitt eines abgefederten Direktantriebs als Anwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Synchronmaschine. Dabei wird über eine Gelenkhebelkupplung 9 motorseitig eine Kardanhohlwelle 8 ange- trieben, die mit einem Radsatz 10 gekoppelt ist.FIG. 19 shows, by way of example, the arrangement of a drive variant according to FIG. 11 in a traction motor frame 18, which, among other things, contains bearing systems which are not shown in detail. 20 shows a basic illustration of a longitudinal section of a sprung direct drive as an application of a synchronous machine according to the invention. A cardan hollow shaft 8, which is coupled to a wheel set 10, is driven on the motor side via an articulated lever coupling 9.
FIG 21 zeigt einen Querschnitt eines unabgefederten Direktantriebs eines Radsatzes 10. Der Direktantrieb hält bei gleicher Ausgangsleistung der elektrischen Maschine 1 die erfor- derlichen Abstände zur Unterkante des Wagenkastens 11 als auch zur Oberkante der Schienen 12 ein. Die Bleche 2 des Stators sind mit Zahnspulen 7 versehen. Die nutenlosen Abschnitte 3 der Bleche 2 sind idealerweise der Schiene 12 bzw. dem Wagenkasten 11 zugewandt. Ein Rotor 28 umgibt die Radsatzwel- le 15. Der Rotor 18 weist an seinem Außenumfang Permanentmagnete 20 auf, wie es in FIG 19 und 20 näher dargestellt ist.21 shows a cross section of an unsprung direct drive of a wheel set 10. The direct drive maintains the necessary distances from the lower edge of the car body 11 and from the upper edge of the rails 12 with the same output power of the electrical machine 1. The plates 2 of the stator are provided with tooth coils 7. The grooveless sections 3 of the sheets 2 ideally face the rail 12 or the car body 11. A rotor 28 surrounds the wheel set shaft 15. The rotor 18 has permanent magnets 20 on its outer circumference, as is shown in more detail in FIGS. 19 and 20.
Bei Werkzeugmaschinen oder anderen Produktionsmaschinen ist es gegebenenfalls erforderlich, die nutenlosen Abschnitte 3 sowohl in Anzahl als auch bzgl. ihrer Lage zueinander an Blechen 2 den gegebenen Örtlichkeiten anzupassen.In the case of machine tools or other production machines, it may be necessary to adapt the slotless sections 3 to the given locations both in number and in terms of their position relative to one another on sheets 2.
Des Weiteren sind die Zahnflanken benachbarter Zähne parallel ausgeführt, so dass die Montage mit Zahnspulen 7 erleichtert wird. Furthermore, the tooth flanks of adjacent teeth are designed in parallel, so that the assembly with tooth coils 7 is made easier.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Elektrische Maschine (1) mit einem Stator und einem Rotor (28), wobei die Bleche (2) des Stators axial verlaufende Nu- ten (4) aufweisen und sich zwischen den benachbarten Nuten (4) in Richtung Luftspalt Zähne erstrecken, wobei zumindest eine vorgebbare Anzahl der Zähne (5, 6) jeweils von Zahnspulen (7) umgeben sind und in U fangsrichtung des Stators zumindest ein Abschnitt (3) vorgesehen ist, der nutenlos ausgeführt ist, jedoch am Luftspalt der Kontur der Statorbohrung (11) folgt .1. Electrical machine (1) with a stator and a rotor (28), the plates (2) of the stator having axially extending grooves (4) and teeth extending between the adjacent grooves (4) in the direction of the air gap, wherein at least a predeterminable number of teeth (5, 6) are each surrounded by tooth coils (7) and at least one section (3) is provided in the circumferential direction of the stator, which is designed without grooves, but follows the contour of the stator bore (11) at the air gap ,
2. Elektrische Maschine (1) nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der nutenlose Abschnitt 3 (3) 60 Grad der Umfangsfläche bedeckt.2. Electrical machine (1) according to claim 1, that the grooveless section 3 (3) covers 60 degrees of the circumferential surface.
3. Elektrische Maschine (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die nutenlosen Abschnitte (3) einander gegenüber liegen.3. Electrical machine (1) according to claim 1 or 2, so that the grooveless sections (3) lie opposite one another.
4. Elektrische Maschine (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Rotor (28) Permanentmagnete (20) aufweist.4. Electrical machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the rotor (28) has permanent magnets (20).
5. Elektrische Maschine (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Rotor (28) zumindest einen Induktionskäfig (21) aufweist .5. Electrical machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the rotor (28) has at least one induction cage (21).
6. Elektrische Maschine (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Stator eine lückende Zahnspulenwicklung aufweist.6. Electrical machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the stator has a gapless toothed coil winding.
7. Elektrisches Triebfahrzeug mit einer elektrischen Maschine (1) nach einem oder mehrerer der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. 7. Electric motor vehicle with an electrical machine (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims.
8. Elektrisches Triebfahrzeug nach Anspruch 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die nutenlosen Abschnitte (3) der elektrischen Maschine (1) sich zwischen Schiene (12) und Wagenkasten (11) befinden.8. Electric traction vehicle according to claim 7, so that the grooveless sections (3) of the electrical machine (1) are located between the rail (12) and the car body (11).
9. Elektrisches Triebfahrzeug nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die elektrischen Maschine (1) einen Radsatz (10) oder ein Einzelrad direkt oder über ein Getriebe antreibt.9. Electric traction vehicle according to claim 7 or 8, so that the electrical machine (1) drives a wheel set (10) or a single wheel directly or via a transmission.
10. Elektrisches Triebfahrzeug nach Anspruch 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die elektrischen Maschine (1) den Radsatz (10) abgefedert insbesondere über eine Kupplung oder ungefedert achsreitend antreibt.10. Electric traction vehicle according to claim 9, so that the electrical machine (1) drives the wheel set (10) in a spring-loaded manner, in particular via a clutch or without suspension, axially riding.
11. Werkzeugmaschine mit einer elektrischen Maschine (1) nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6. 11. Machine tool with an electrical machine (1) according to one or more of claims 1 to 6.
EP04819244A 2003-11-26 2004-11-22 Stator of an electric drive Withdrawn EP1687884A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10355267A DE10355267A1 (en) 2003-11-26 2003-11-26 Electric machine
PCT/EP2004/053036 WO2005053134A1 (en) 2003-11-26 2004-11-22 Stator of an electric drive

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EP1687884A1 true EP1687884A1 (en) 2006-08-09

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EP (1) EP1687884A1 (en)
CN (1) CN1906825B (en)
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WO (1) WO2005053134A1 (en)

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US7633205B2 (en) 2009-12-15
CN1906825A (en) 2007-01-31
US20080036328A1 (en) 2008-02-14
CN1906825B (en) 2011-05-25
DE10355267A1 (en) 2005-06-30
WO2005053134A1 (en) 2005-06-09

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