EP1680491A1 - Lubricating compositions containing sulphonates and phenates - Google Patents
Lubricating compositions containing sulphonates and phenatesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1680491A1 EP1680491A1 EP04796892A EP04796892A EP1680491A1 EP 1680491 A1 EP1680491 A1 EP 1680491A1 EP 04796892 A EP04796892 A EP 04796892A EP 04796892 A EP04796892 A EP 04796892A EP 1680491 A1 EP1680491 A1 EP 1680491A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- detergent
- composition
- group
- oil
- sulphur containing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 title description 7
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- -1 hydrocarbyl phenol Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 55
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydromaleimide Natural products O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 17
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 5
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ADOBXTDBFNCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C ADOBXTDBFNCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl disulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CSSCC1=CC=CC=C1 GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N icos-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- PTYXPKUPXPWHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(butyltetrasulfanyl)butane Chemical compound CCCCSSSSCCCC PTYXPKUPXPWHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJLHTVIBELQURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C PJLHTVIBELQURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-undecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=C DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LJKQIQSBHFNMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-thiabicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-2,4-dien-6-ol Chemical class C1=CC=CC2(O)C1S2 LJKQIQSBHFNMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSNMPAVSZJSIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N COc1c(C)c2COC(=O)c2c(O)c1CC(O)C1(C)CCC(=O)O1 Chemical compound COc1c(C)c2COC(=O)c2c(O)c1CC(O)C1(C)CCC(=O)O1 WSNMPAVSZJSIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIBXCRZMRTUUFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [chloro-[[chloro(phenyl)methyl]disulfanyl]methyl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(Cl)SSC(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 CIBXCRZMRTUUFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene hexane Natural products CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940058401 polytetrafluoroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003902 salicylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- YISRDGYZLHFSJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-pentylphenyl) dihydrogen phosphite Chemical group CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(O)O YISRDGYZLHFSJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1 -dodecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000178 1,2,4-triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RDAGYWUMBWNXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzene Chemical class CCCCC(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1CC(CC)CCCC RDAGYWUMBWNXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEYQUBZGSWAPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(nonyl)benzene Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC YEYQUBZGSWAPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCHQGHCBFOFZJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ylcyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical group C1C=CC=C1C1=CC=CC1 VCHQGHCBFOFZJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical group C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVXGKJYMVLJYCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-di(nonyl)-N-phenylaniline Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCCC QVXGKJYMVLJYCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLCGVEPQFYROHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dibromopropoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(C)(C)OCC(Br)CBr RLCGVEPQFYROHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(bromomethyl)-1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(I)C(CBr)=C1 YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDCPNGVVOWVKJG-VAWYXSNFSA-N 2-[(e)-dodec-1-enyl]butanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O QDCPNGVVOWVKJG-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKFCGPRJGIEEJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexoxy-hydroxy-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-lambda5-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=S)SC(C)C ZKFCGPRJGIEEJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical class CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVRNUXJQQFPNMN-VAWYXSNFSA-N 3-[(e)-dodec-1-enyl]oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O WVRNUXJQQFPNMN-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGFGJMGCGUNKON-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy-pentylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCSP(O)(O)=S OGFGJMGCGUNKON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- OKXAFOJPRGDZPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctadecoxy(oxo)phosphanium Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO[P+](=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OKXAFOJPRGDZPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003558 thiocarbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecaene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC=C VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl phosphite Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- YRRJZUFDLNBWRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;3-methylbutoxy-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(C)CCOP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C.CC(C)CCOP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C YRRJZUFDLNBWRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JHWITEGDGVJLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;butoxy-oxido-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCOP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C.CCCCOP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C JHWITEGDGVJLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CFOWUEASWNKJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;cyclohexyloxy-cyclohexylsulfanyl-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1CCCCC1SP(=S)([O-])OC1CCCCC1.C1CCCCC1SP(=S)([O-])OC1CCCCC1 CFOWUEASWNKJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ICTFVBQZBCTKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;hexan-2-yloxy-oxido-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C.CCCCC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C ICTFVBQZBCTKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- USEBTXRETYRZKO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;n,n-dioctylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCCCCCC USEBTXRETYRZKO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
- C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
- C10M159/22—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing phenol radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
- C10M2219/088—Neutral salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
- C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
Definitions
- US Patent 6,277,794, Dunn discloses the use of a marine diesel engine lubricant composition containing (a) an overbased metal detergent having a TBN of at least 300 and/or (b) a metal detergent other than component (a), provided that if detergent (b) is present the composition does not contain a minor amount of an extreme pressure additive; and (c) ashless antiwear additives; and (d) an oil of lubricating viscosity.
- US Patent 6,339,051 discloses diesel cylinder oils with improved cleanliness and load carrying capabilities by using an additive package containing at least one detergent, an antioxidant, an antiwear agent and a dispersant.
- the detergent component contains at least one of an overbased phenate, phenylate, salicylate or sulphonate.
- US Patent 6,376,434, Katafuchi discloses lubricating oil compositions for diesel engines containing at least one of (a) overbased sulphonate, overbased phenates and overbased salicylates; and (b) a bis-type succinic imide compound.
- US Patent 6,551,965, Nagamatsu discloses a marine diesel lubricating oil composition containing an overbased alkyl sulphonate detergent and an overbased sulphurised alkylphenate detergent.
- the overbased sulphurised alkylphenate has a TBN of 110 or more.
- British Patent application GB 2,328,217A discloses marine diesel lubricating oil compositions containing a polyalkylene succinimide compound for improving anti-wear.
- the lubricating oil composition can further include up to 6% of at least one highly overbased detergent selected from alkyl or alkenyl phenates, alkyl or alkenyl phenate-carboxylates, alkyl or alkenyl aromatic sulphonates; and mixtures thereof.
- European Patent application EP 1,086,960 discloses a lubricating oil composition containing novel succinimide compounds and at least one detergent selected from overbased sulphonates, phenates and salicylates of alkaline earth metals.
- East German Patent DD298519 discloses marine diesel engines employing an anticorrosion detergent-dispersant additive combination containing (a) weakly basic or neutral alkaline earth sulphonates; and (b) medium or highly basic alkaline earth sulphonates, phenolates or phenolate sulphides in which the ratio of sulphonate groups to phenolic groups is 1:3.6 to 4.4; and (c) a succinimide ash free detergent.
- the invention provides compositions with cleanliness properties.
- the invention provides compositions capable of decreasing cylinder wear and reducing deposits.
- the present invention provides a composition
- a composition comprising: (a) at least 3 weight percent of an overbased sulphonate detergent with a metal ratio of about 12.5:1 to about 40:1; (b) at least 1.5 weight percent of a sulphur containing phenate detergent with a metal ratio of not more than 3; and (c) an oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the sulphur containing phenate contains oligomers of hydrocarbyl phenol with at least 50 wt % of said oligomers in the form of the tetramer or higher oligomers.
- the invention further provides a process to prepare a lubricating oil composition comprising mixing: (a) at least 3 weight percent of an overbased sulphonate detergent with a metal ratio of about 12.5:1 to about 40:1; (b) at least 1.5 weight percent of a sulphur containing phenate detergent with a metal ratio of not more than 3; and (c) an oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the sulphur containing phenate contains oligomers of hydrocarbyl phenol with at least 50 wt % of said oligomers in the form of the tetramer or higher oligomers.
- the invention further provides a method for lubricating an internal combustion engine, comprising supplying thereto a lubricant comprising the composition as described herein.
- the invention further provides a lubricating oil composition with cleanliness properties.
- the invention further provides a lubricating oil composition capable of decreasing cylinder wear and capable of reducing deposits.
- hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character.
- hydrocarbyl groups include:
- hydrocarbon substituents that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
- aliphatic e.g., alkyl or alkenyl
- alicyclic e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl
- aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
- substituted hydrocarbon substituents that is, substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, and sulfoxy);
- hetero substituents that is, substituents which, while having a pre- dominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this invention, contain other than carbon in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
- Heteroa- toms include sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and encompass substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl.
- substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl.
- no more than two, preferably no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; typically, there will be no non-hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group.
- the present invention provides a composition
- a composition comprising: (a) at least 3 weight percent of an overbased sulphonate detergent with a metal ratio of about 12.5:1 to about 40:1; (b) at least 1.5 weight percent of a sulphur containing phenate detergent with a metal ratio of not more than 3; and (c) an oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the sulphur containing phenate contains oligomers of hydrocarbyl phenol with at least 50 wt % of said oligomers in the form of the tetramer or higher oligomers.
- the total amount of (a) and (b) can be in the range from 4.5 wt % to 35 wt %, preferably 6.5 wt % to 32 wt %, more preferably 9 wt % to 30 wt % and even more preferably 12 wt % to 28 wt % of the lubricating oil composition.
- the specific amount of component (a) and component (b) preferably are present such that component (a) can deliver at least 50%, preferably at least 55%, more preferably at least 60, even more preferably at least 65 and even more preferably at least 70% of the total amount of base number (TBN) supplied by the deter- gents (a) and (b).
- weight percent of component (a) is about 94.7 wt% and component (b) is about 5.3 wt %. In one embodiment the amount of component (a) is about 75 wt% and component (b) is about 25 wt %.
- weight percent ratio of overbased sulphonate to sulphur containing phenate detergent can be 30: 1 to 0.85:1, preferably 25:1 to 0.9:1 and even more preferably 20:1 to 0.95:1.
- the sulphonate detergent of the composition can be represented by the formula: (R 1 ) ⁇ - A SO 3 M (I)
- each R 1 is independently an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, acyl, or other hydrocarbyl group with a 6 to 40, preferably 8 to 25 and even more preferably 9 to 20 carbon atoms;
- A can be independently a cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbon group;
- M is hydrogen, a valence of a metal ion, an ammonium ion and mixtures thereof; and
- k is an integer between 0 and 5, for example 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
- k is between 1 and 3, more preferably 1 or 2 and even more preferably 1.
- hydrogen is less than 30%, preferably less than 20%, even more preferably less than 10% and even more preferably less than 5% of the available M entities.
- k is 1 and R 1 is a branched alkyl group with 6 to 40 carbon atoms. In one embodiment k is 1 and R 1 is a linear alkyl group with
- the most preferred sulphonate components are calcium polypropene benzenesulphonate and calcium monoalkyl and dialkyl benzenesulphonates wherein the alkyl groups contain at least 10 carbons, for example 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 carbon atoms.
- the metal can be monovalent, divalent, trivalent or mixtures of such metals.
- the metal M can be an alkali metal, preferably lithium, sodium, or potassium; and more preferably potassium, which can be used alone or in combination with other metals.
- the metal M can be an alkaline earth metal, preferably magnesium, calcium, barium or mixtures of such metals, more preferably calcium, which can be used alone or in combination with other metals.
- trivalent the metal M can be aluminium, which can be used alone or in combination with other metals.
- the metal is an alkaline earth metal.
- the metal is calcium.
- A is cyclic hydrocarbon group
- suitable groups include phenyl or fused bicyclic groups such as naphthalene, indenyl, indanyl, bicyclopentadi- enyl and mixtures thereof. Although A can be a fused bicyclic ring, benzene rings are preferred.
- A is an acyclic hydrocarbon group
- the carbon chain can be linear or branched, although linear is preferred.
- Suitable groups include derivatives of carboxylic acids containing 7 to 30, preferably 7 to 20, more preferably 8 to 20 and even more preferably 8 to 15 carbon atoms. Further the chain can be saturated or unsaturated, although saturated is preferred.
- the overbased sulphonate detergent has a TBN (total base number) of at least 400, preferably at least 425, more preferably at least 450 and even more preferably at least 475. In one embodiment the overbased sulphonate detergent has a TBN of 500.
- TBN total base number
- the sulphonate detergent is overbased. Overbased materials, other- wise referred to as overbased or superbased salts, are generally single phase, homogeneous Newtonian systems characterised by a metal content in excess of that which would be present for neutralisation according to the stoichiometry of the metal and the particular acidic organic compound reacted with the metal.
- the overbased materials are prepared by reacting an acidic material (typically an inorganic acid or lower carboxylic acid, preferably carbon dioxide) with a mixture comprising an acidic organic compound, a reaction medium comprising at least one organic solvent and promoter such as phenol or a mixture of alcohols.
- a mixture of alcohols typically contains methanol and at least one alcohol with 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and can contain 50-60 mole percent methanol.
- the acidic material will normally have a sufficient number of carbon atoms to provide a degree of solubility in oil.
- the amount of excess metal is commonly expressed in terms of substrate to metal ratio.
- substrate to metal ratio is the ratio of the total equivalents of the metal to the equivalents of the substrate.
- An overbased sulphonate detergent typically has a metal ratio of 12.5: 1 to about 40:1, preferably 13.5:1 to about 40:1, more preferably 14.5: 1 to about 40:1, even more preferably 15.5:1 to about 40: 1 and even more preferably 16.5:1 to about 40:1. Furthermore the overbased detergent preferably has a low in-process viscosity and a low final viscosity.
- a sulphonate detergent with 500 TBN and its preparation are disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,792,732.
- a 500 TBN all-linear alkylbenzene sulphonate is prepared by reacting an alkyl benzene sulphonate from Witco Corp. with Ca(OH) 2 and CaO in n-heptane and methanol and bubbling with CO 2 . It is also reported in the aforementioned patent (col. 5) that a 500 TBN overbased sulphonate containing highly branched alkylbenzene sulphonate is available from Witco Corp. as Petronate ® C-500.
- U.S. Patent 6,444,625 Another method for preparing an overbased sulfonate detergent of high metal ratio is disclosed in U.S. Patent 6,444,625 (see, for instance, column 3, bottom).
- the latter process includes providing a sulfonic acid to a reactor, adding a lime reactant for neutralization and overbasing, adding a lower aliphatic Ci to C 4 alcohol and a hydrocarbon solvent, and carbonating the process mixture with carbon dioxide during which process the exotherm of the reaction is maintained between 27° and 57°C.
- a high metal-ratio detergent can be prepared by using a mixture of short chain alcohols, with or without a hydrocarbon solvent, conducting the addition of lime reactants and carbon dioxide in multiple iterations, and, if desired the process of adding lime and carbon dioxide and of removal of volatile materials can be repeated.
- the overbased sulphonate detergent in the present invention may be used alone or with other overbased sulphonates.
- the sulphur containing phenate detergent of the composition can be represented by the formula: wherein the number of sulphur atoms y can be in the range from 1 to 8, prefera- bly 1 to 6 and even more preferably 1 to 4; R can be hydrogen or hydrocarbyl groups; T is hydrogen or an (S) y linkage terminating in hydrogen, an ion or a non-phenolic hydrocarbyl group; and M is as described above.
- the monomeric units of structure (II) combine in such a way with itself x number of times to form oligomers of hydrocarbyl phenol. Oligomers are described as dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers and hexamers when x is equal to 0. 1. 2, 3, and 4. Typically the number of oligomers represented by x can be in the range from 0 to 10, preferably 1 to 9, more preferably 1 to 8, even more even more preferably 2 to 6 and even more preferably 2 to 5. Typically an oligomer is present in significant quantities if concentrations are above 0.1 wt %, preferably above 1 wt % and even more preferably above 2 wt %.
- an oligomer is present in trace amounts if concentrations are less than 0.1 wt %, for example, oligomers with 11 or more repeat units may be present. Generally in at least 50% of the molecules, x is 2 or higher.
- the overall sulfur-containing phenate detergent will preferably contain less than 20 wt% dimeric structures.
- the sulphur containing phenate detergent contains oligomers of hydrocarbyl phenol with at least 50 wt % in the form of the tetramer or higher oligomers.
- the tetramer or higher oligomers are present in amounts of at least 52 wt %, more preferably at least 54 wt %, even more preferably at least 56 wt % and even more preferably at least 58 wt %.
- the sulphur containing phenate detergent preferably contains less than 20 wt %, preferably less than 18 wt %, more preferably less than 16 wt % and even more preferably less than 14 wt % of hydrocarbyl phenol dimers.
- the sulphur containing phenate detergent contains a substrate level excluding M and any carbonate of M in the range 45 wt % to 95 wt %, prefera- bly 50 wt % to 85 wt % and even more preferably 55 wt % to 75 wt % of the sulphur containing phenate detergent.
- the "substrate” means the anionic portion of Structure II or similar structures. The substrate level is calculated excluding any contribution of diluent oil to the detergent.
- each R 2 can be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing 4 to 80, preferably 6 to 45, more preferably 8 to 20 and even more preferably 9 to 14 carbon atoms.
- the number of R 2 substituents (w) other than hydrogen on each aromatic ring can be in the range from 0 to 4, more preferably 1 to 3 and even more preferably 1 to 2. Where two or more hydrocarbyl groups are present they may be the same or different; and the minimum total number of carbon atoms present in the hydrocarbyl substituents on all the rings, to ensure oil solubility, can be 8 or preferably 9.
- the preferred components include 4-alkylated phenols containing alkyl groups with the number of carbon atoms between 9 and 14, for example 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and mixtures thereof.
- the 4-alkylated phenols typically contain sulphur at position 2.
- the sulphur containing phenate detergent has a TBN in the range of 30 to 220, preferably 40 to 205, more preferably 50 to 190 and even more preferably 70 to 175. In one embodiment the sulphur containing phenate detergent has a TBN of 150.
- the sulphur containing phenate detergent may be used alone or with other sulphur containing phenate detergents.
- the sulphur containing phenate detergent typically has a metal ratio of not more than 3, preferably not more than 2.7, more preferably not more than 2.5, even more preferably not more than 2.3 and even more preferably not more ' than 2.1.
- the sulphur containing phenate further contains oligomers of hydrocarbyl phenol with at least 50 wt % of such oligomers being in the form of the tetramer or higher oligomers.
- a suitable example of calcium alkyl phenol sulphide detergent is commercially available from The Lubrizol Corporation.
- Oils of Lubricating Viscosity [0041] The invention further includes oil of lubricating viscosity.
- the oil includes natural and synthetic oils, oil derived from hydrocracking, hydrogena- tion, hydrofinishing, unrefined, refined and re-refined oils and mixtures thereof.
- Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source generally without (or with little) further purification treatment.
- Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more proper- ties.
- Purification techniques include solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation and the like.
- Re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils, and are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
- Natural oils useful in making the inventive lubricants include animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil, lard oil), mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
- animal oils e.g., castor oil, lard oil
- mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
- Synthetic lubricating oils are useful and include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerised and interpolymerised olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypro- pylenes, propyleneisobutylene copolymers); poly(l-hexenes), poly(l-octenes), poly(l-decenes), and mixtures thereof; alkyl-benzenes (e.g.
- dodecylbenzenes tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-benzenes
- polyphenyls e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls
- Other synthetic lubricating oils include but are not limited to liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and the diethyl ester of decane phosphonic acid), and polymeric tetrahy- drofurans. Synthetic oils may be produced by Fischer-Tropsch reactions and typically may be hydroisomerised Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes. [0048] Oils of lubricating viscosity can also be defined as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines.
- API American Petroleum Institute
- the five base oil groups are as follows: Group I (sulphur content >0.03 wt %, and/or ⁇ 90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group II (sulphur content ⁇ 0.03 wt %, and 90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group III (sulphur content ⁇ 0.03 wt %, and >90 wt % saturates, viscosity index >120); Group IV (all polyalphaolefins (PAOs)); and Group V (all others not included in Groups I, II, III, or IV).
- Group I sulphur content >0.03 wt %, and/or ⁇ 90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120
- Group II sulphur content ⁇ 0.03 wt %, and 90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120
- Group III sulphur content
- the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises an API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V oil and mixtures thereof.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity an API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV oil and mixtures thereof.
- More preferably the oil of lubricating viscosity an API Group I, Group II, Group III oil and mixtures thereof.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity is typically present at 55 to 99.9, preferably 61 to 98.9, and more preferably 65 to 96.8 and even more preferably 67 to 94 weight percent of the lubricating oil composition.
- the lubricating oil composition can include at least one performance additive other than components (a)-(c) selected from the group consisting of metal deactivators, detergents, dispersants, antioxidants, antiwear agents, corrosion inhibitors, antiscuffing agents, extreme pressure agents, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, viscosity modifiers, pour point depressants and mixtures thereof.
- at least one performance additive other than components (a)-(c) selected from the group consisting of metal deactivators, detergents, dispersants, antioxidants, antiwear agents, corrosion inhibitors, antiscuffing agents, extreme pressure agents, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, viscosity modifiers, pour point depressants and mixtures thereof.
- Typically, fully-formulated lubricating oil will contain one or more of these performance additives.
- the total combined amount of the other performance additives present can be 0 to 10, preferably 0.1 to 7, more preferably 0.2 to 5 and even more preferably 1 to 5 weight percent of the lubricating oil composition.
- Metal Deactivators [0052] Metal deactivators can be used to neutralise the catalytic effect of metal for promoting oxidation in lubricating oil.
- metal deactivators include derivatives of benzotriazole, 1,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2- alkyldithiobenzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles, 2-(N,N-dialkyldithio- carbamoyl)benzothiazoles, 2,5-bis(alkyl-dithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2,5-bis(N,N- dialkyldithiocarbamoyl)-l,3,4-thiadiazoles, and 2-alkyldithio-5-mercapto thiadiazoles.
- the metal deactivator is a hydrocarbyl substituted benzotri- azole compound.
- the benzotriazole compounds can contain one or more hydrocarbyl substituents at one or more of the following ring positions 1- or 2- or 4- or 5- or 6- or 7-.
- the hydrocarbyl groups contain 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
- the metal deactivator is 5- methylbenzotriazole (tolyltriazole).
- the metal deactivator can be used alone or in combination with other metal deactivators.
- Dispersants are often known as ashless-type dispersants because, prior to mixing in a lubricating oil composition they do not contain ash-forming metals and they do not normally contribute any ash forming metals when added to a lubricant and polymeric dispersants.
- Ashless type dispersants are characterised by a polar group attached to a relatively high molecular weight hydrocarbon chain.
- Typical ashless dispersants include N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides. Examples of N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides include polyisobutylene succinimide with number average molecular weight in the range 350 to 5000, preferably 500 to 3000.
- the invention further comprises at least one dis- persant derived from polyisobutylene succinimide with number average molecular weight in the range 350 to 5000, preferably 500 to 3000.
- the polyisobutylene succinimide can be used alone or in combination with other dispersants.
- the invention further comprises at least one dispersant derived from polyisobutylene, an amine and zinc oxide to form a polyisobutylene succinimide complex with zinc.
- the polyisobutylene succinimide complex with zinc can be used alone or in combination.
- Mannich bases Another class of ashless dispersant is Mannich bases.
- Mannich dispersants are the reaction products of alkyl phenols with aldehydes (especially formaldehyde) and amines (especially polyalkylene polyamines).
- the alkyl group typically contains at least 30 carbon atoms.
- Dispersants can also be post-treated conventional method by a reaction with any of a variety of agents. Among these are urea, thiourea, dimercap- r tothiadiazoles, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, maleic anhydride, nitriles, epoxides, boron compounds, and phosphorus compounds.
- agents include urea, thiourea, dimercap- r tothiadiazoles, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, maleic anhydride, nitriles, epoxides, boron compounds, and phosphorus compounds.
- Detergents in addition to those described above as components (a) and (b), are known and can include neutral or overbased, Newtonian or non- Newtonian, basic salts of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metals with one or more hydrocarbyl sulphonic acid, carboxylic acid, phosphorus acid, mono- and/or di- thiophosphoric acid, alkyl phenol, sulphur coupled alkyl phenol compounds, salixarates, saligenins or mixtures thereof. Commonly used metals include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium lithium or mixtures thereof. Most commonly used metals include sodium, magnesium, calcium or mixtures thereof. Detergents and in particular overbased detergents and their preparation are disclosed in US Patent 3,629,109. Antiwear Agents
- the lubricating oil composition may additionally contain an antiwear agent.
- antiwear agents include zinc hydrocarbyl dithiophosphates, phosphoric acid esters or salt thereof; phosphites; and phosphorus-containing carboxylic esters, ethers, and amides or mixtures thereof.
- suitable zinc hydrocarbyl dithiophosphates compounds can include zinc isopropyl methylamyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl isooctyl dithiophosphate, barium di(nonyl)-dithiophosphate, zinc di(cyclohexyl) dithiophosphate, calcium di(hexyl) dithiophosphate, zinc isobutyl isoamyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl n-butyl dithiophosphate, isobutyl primary amyl dithiophosphate, methylamyl dithiophosphate, isopropyl 2-ethylhexyl dithiophosphate, and mixtures thereof.
- Antioxidants can include zinc isopropyl methylamyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl isooctyl dithiophosphate, barium di(nonyl)-dithiophosphate, zinc di(cyclohexyl)
- Antioxidants are known antioxidants and include diphenylamines, hindered phenols, molybdenum dithiocarbamates, sulphurised olefins and mixtures thereof.
- Diphenylamine antioxidants can be represented by the formula: wherein R 3 and R 4 hydrocarbyl groups, preferably arylalkyl or alkyl groups.
- the arylalkyl groups can contain 6 to 20, preferably 6 to 10 carbons atoms.
- the alkyl groups can be linear or branched, preferably linear; the alkyl groups can contain 1 to 24, preferably 2 to 18 and even more preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms; and z is independently 0, 1, 2, or 3, provided that at least one aromatic ring contains a hydrocarbyl group.
- Preferred alkylated diphenylamines include octyl diphenylamine, nonyl diphenylamine, bis-octyl diphenylamine and bis- nonyl diphenylamine.
- Sterically hindered phenols can be represented by the formula:
- R 5 and R 6 are independently branched or linear alkyl groups containing 1 to 24, preferably 4 to 18, and even more preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms; and Q is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group or a bridging group linking to a second aromatic group.
- R 5 and R 6 can be either straight or branched chain; branched is preferred.
- the phenol is butyl substituted containing two t-butyl groups.
- suitable hydrocarbyl groups include 2-ethylhexyl, n-butyl and dodecyl groups.
- suitable bridging groups include -CH - (methylene bridge) and -CH 2 OCH 2 - (ether bridge).
- the sterically hindered bridged phenols can be represented by the formulae: or
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 are either straight or branched chain and contain 4 to 18, preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the phenol is butyl substituted.
- R 13 and R 14 are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl; preferably R 13 and R 14 are arylalkyl or alkyl groups.
- the alkyl groups of R 13 and R 14 can be linear or branched, linear being preferred.
- R 13 and R 14 are preferably in the para position.
- the arylalkyl or alkyl groups typically contain 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the bridging group Y can include -CH 2 - (methylene bridge) or -CH 2 OCH 2 - (ether bridge).
- methylene-bridged sterically hindered phenols include 4,4 -methylene-bis-(6-tert-butyl-o-cresol), 4,4 -methylene-bis-(2-tert-amyl-o- cresol), 2,2 -methylene-bis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), and 4,4 -methylene- bis-(2,6-di-tertbutylphenol).
- the sterically hindered phenol antioxidant can be a hindered ester represented by the formula:
- R 15 and R 16 are straight or branched alkyl groups that can be substituted or unsubstituted, containing 3 to 22, preferably 3 to 18, more preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms. Specific examples include of alkyl groups di-secondary butyl and tri-tertiary butyl.
- R 17 can be hydrocarbyl. Suitable examples of R 17 include 2- ethylhexyl or n-butyl, dodecyl, -CH 2 CH 2 COOH and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable examples of molybdenum dithiocarboamates which can be used as antioxidants include commercial materials sold under the trade names such as Vanlube 822TM and MolyvanTM A from R. T. Vanderbilt Co., Ltd., and Adeka Sakura-LubeTM S-100, S-165 and S-600 from Asahi Denka Kogyo K. K and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable olefins that can be sulphurised to form antioxidants include propylene, isobutylene, pentene, hexane, heptene, octane, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, undecyl, tridecene, tetradecene, pentadecene, hexadecene, heptadecene, octadecene, octadecenene, nonodecene, eicosene or mixtures thereof.
- hexadecene, heptadecene, octadecene, octadecenene, nonodecene, eicosene or mixtures thereof and their dimers, trimers and tetramers are especially preferred olefins.
- the olefin can be a Diels-Alder adduct of a diene such as 1,3-butadiene and an unsaturated ester such as butyl(meth)acrylate.
- Another class of sulphurised olefins include fatty acids and their esters.
- the fatty acids are often obtained from vegetable oil or animal oil; and typically contain 4 to 22 carbon atoms.
- suitable fatty acids and their esters include triglycerides, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid or mixtures thereof.
- the fatty acids are obtained from lard oil, tall oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil or mixtures thereof.
- Corrosion inhibitors can include amine salts of carboxylic acids such as octylamine octanoate (octylamine salt of octanoic acid), condensation prod- ucts of dodecenyl succinic acid or anhydride and a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a polyamine, e.g. a polyalkylene polyamine such as triethylenetetramine, and half esters of alkenyl succinic acids in which the alkenyl radical contains 8 to 24 carbon atoms with alcohols such as polyglycols.
- Antiscuffing Agents amine salts of carboxylic acids such as octylamine octanoate (octylamine salt of octanoic acid), condensation prod- ucts of dodecenyl succinic acid or anhydride and a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a polyamine, e.
- the lubricant may also contain an antiscuffing agent.
- Antiscuffing agents that decrease adhesive wear are often sulphur containing compounds.
- the sulphur containing compounds include organic sulphides and polysulphides, such as benzyldisulphide, bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, di-tertiary butyl polysulphide, sulphurised sperm oil, sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid, sulphurised alkylphenol, sulphurised dipentene, sulphurised terpene, sulphurised Diels-Alder adducts, alkyl sulphenyl N'N- dialkyl dithiocarbamates, the reaction product of polyamines with polybasic acid esters, chlorobutyl esters of 2,3-dibromopropoxyisobutyric acid, acetoxy-
- EP agents that are soluble in the oil include sulphur- and chlorosulphur-containing EP agents, chlorinated hydrocarbon EP agents and phosphorus EP agents.
- EP agents include chlorinated wax; organic sulphides and polysulphides such as benzyldisulphide, bis- (chlorobenzyl) disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, sulphurised sperm oil, sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid, sulphurised alkylphenol, sulphurised dipentene, sulphurised terpene, and sulphurised Diels-Alder adducts; phosphosulphurised hydrocarbons such as the reaction product of phosphorus sulphide with turpentine or methyl oleate; phosphorus esters such as the dihydrocarbon and trihydro- carbon phosphites, e.g., dibutyl phosphites, e.g., di
- Foam inhibitors are known and can include organic silicones such as polyacetates, dimethyl silicone, polysiloxanes, polyacrylates or mixtures thereof.
- foam inhibitors include poly ethyl acrylate, poly 2- ethylhexylacrylate, poly vinyl acetate and mixtures thereof.
- Demulsifiers are known and include derivatives of propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, polyoxyalkylene alcohols, alkyl amines, amino alcohols, dia- mines or polyamines reacted sequentially with ethylene oxide or substituted ethylene oxides or mixtures thereof.
- demulsifiers include trialkyl phosphates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers and mixtures thereof.
- Pour Point Depressants are known and include esters of maleic anhy- dride-styrene copolymers, polymethacrylates; polyacrylates; polyacrylamides; condensation products of haloparaffin waxes and aromatic compounds; vinyl carboxylate polymers; and terpolymers of dialkylfumarates, vinyl esters of fatty acids, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, alkyl phenol formaldehyde condensation resins, alkyl vinyl ethers and mixtures thereof. Friction Modifiers
- Friction modifiers are known and can include fatty amines, esters, especially glycerol esters such as glycerol monooleate, borated glycerol esters, fatty phosphites, fatty acid amides, fatty epoxides, borated fatty epoxides, alkoxylated fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, sulfurized olefins, fatty imidazolines, condensation products of carboxylic acids and polyalkylene-polyamines and amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids.
- Viscosity Modifiers Viscosity Modifiers
- Viscosity modifiers are known and are typically polymeric materials including styrene-butadiene rubbers, ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyisobu- tenes, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene polymers, hydrogenated radical isoprene polymers, polymethacrylate acid esters, polyacrylate acid esters, polyalkyl styre- nes, alkenyl aryl conjugated diene copolymers, polyolefins, polyalkylmethacry- lates, esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers and mixtures thereof.
- the invention also includes a process to prepare the composition of the present invention, comprising mixing: (a) at least 3 weight percent of an overbased sulphonate detergent with a metal ratio of about 12.5:1 to about 40:1; (b) at least 1.5 weight percent of a sulphur containing phenate detergent with a metal ratio of not more than 3; and (c) an oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the sulphur containing phenate contains oligomers of hydrocarbyl phenol with at least 50 wt % of said oligomers in the form of the tetramer or higher oligomers.
- the mixing conditions are typically 15°C to 130°C, preferably 20°C to 120°C and even more preferably 25°C to 110°C; and for a period of time in the range 30 seconds to 48 hours, preferably 2 minutes to 24 hours, and even more preferably 5 minutes to 16 hours; and at pressures in the range 86.4 kPa to 266 kPa (650 mm Hg to 2000 mm Hg), preferably 91.8 kPa to 200 kPa (690 mm Hg to 1500 mm Hg), and even more preferably 95.1 kPa to 133 kPa (715 mm Hg to 1000 mm Hg).
- the process optionally includes mixing other performance additives as described above.
- the optional performance additives can be added sequentially, separately or as a concentrate.
- the ratio of each of the above-mentioned dispersant, as well as other components, to diluent oil is typically in the range of 80:20 to 10:90 by weight.
- the compositions of the present invention are useful as detergents in an internal combustion engines, for example diesel fuelled engines, gasoline fuelled engines, natural gas fuelled engines or a mixed gasoline/alcohol fuelled engines.
- the invention provides a method for lubricating an internal combustion engine, comprising supplying thereto a lubricant comprising the composition as described herein.
- the invention is suitable for 2-stroke or 4-stroke marine diesel engines, especially 2-stroke engines.
- the use of the lubricating oil composition can impart one or more of improved cleanliness decreased cylinder wear, reduced deposits and mixtures thereof.
- the following examples provide an illustration of the invention. These examples are non exhaustive and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. EXAMPLES
- a sample of a 500 TBN sulphonate detergent is prepared using a flange vessel with flange and clip, overhead stirrer with paddle and polytetra- fluoroethylene (PTFE) stirrer gland, Dean Stark trap and double surface condenser, a mantle/thermocouple temperature controller system, the equipment from just above the mantle to just below the condenser being covered with glass wool.
- the vessel is charged with 35.1 parts by weight of C 16 -C 24 alkylbenzene sulphonic acid and 31.8 parts by weight of mineral oil (SN 150) and heated to 30°C.
- the reactor is charged through a port with alcohols containing methanol and a mixture of iso-butanol/amyl alcohol present at 11.6 parts by weight.
- the weight ratio of methanol to the mixture of iso-butanol/amyl alcohol is 1.31.
- the reactor is charged with 14.9 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide and the mixture is heated to 54°C where carbon dioxide is added to form a carbonated product.
- the carbonated product is further treated three more times with similar (or equal) portions of calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide. Water is removed by stripping before repeating the addition of alcohol, calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide 2 times. The product is stripped and filtered.
- An oil of lubricating viscosity is prepared by blending 80wt % of ExxonTM 600N oil with 11.9 mmV 1 (cSt) at 100°C with 20 wt % of ExxonTM 150BS oil with 31.7 mmV 1 (cSt) at 100°C.
- a commercially available conventional sulphur containing phenate detergent ("type 1") and a sulphonate deter- gent with a total base number of 500 are added to the oil of lubricating viscosity at 4.6 wt % and 12.9 wt % respectively.
- the "sulphur containing phenate detergent ('type 1')" has a metal ratio of 8.6: 1.
- the alkylphenol of the sulphur containing phenate oligomer has about 22 wt % in the form of the dimer, about 23 wt % in the form of the trimer and about 46 wt % in the form of the tetramer or higher oligomers.
- the experimental procedure is identical to the process of Reference Example 1, except the phenate detergent is commercially available conventional sulphur containing phenate detergent ("type 2").
- the "sulphur containing phenate detergent type 2" has a metal ratio of 7.7:1.
- the alkylphenol of the sulphur containing phenate oligomer has about 22 wt % in the form of the dimer, about 23 wt % in the form of the trimer and about 46 wt % in the form of the tetramer or higher oligomers.
- Example 1 (Exl)
- the experimental procedure is identical to the process of Reference Example 1, except the phenate detergent is a commercially product available from The Lubrizol Corporation with a total base number of 150.
- the phenate detergent has a metal ratio of 1:1.
- the alkylphenol of the sulphur containing phenate is oligomerised with about 13 wt % in the form of the dimer, about 21 wt % in the form of the trimer and about 60 wt % in the form of the tetramer or higher oligomers.
- Example 2 (Ex2)
- Example 3 The experimental procedure is identical to the process of Reference Example 3, except the phenate detergent is a commercially' product available from The Lubrizol Corporation with a total base number of 150.
- Example 3 (Ex3
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Abstract
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US51591503P | 2003-10-30 | 2003-10-30 | |
PCT/US2004/036312 WO2005042678A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 | 2004-10-29 | Lubricating compositions containing sulphonates and phenates |
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WO2011022245A1 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2011-02-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent |
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US20110143977A1 (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2011-06-16 | Cook Stephen J | Lubricating Compositions Containing Sulphonates and Phenates |
JP5097710B2 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2012-12-12 | カウンシル オブ サイエンティフィック アンド インダストリアル リサーチ | Lubricating oil composition for two-stage gasoline engine and method for preparing the same |
US20070238626A1 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-11 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Metal containing hydraulic composition |
JP5255220B2 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2013-08-07 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition |
CN101952400B (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2015-01-28 | 新日本石油株式会社 | Cylinder lubricating oil composition for crosshead type diesel engine |
FR2928934B1 (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2011-08-05 | Total France | MARINE LUBRICANT |
WO2010005884A1 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Marine diesel cylinder lubricant |
JP5294933B2 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2013-09-18 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Marine cylinder lubricating oil composition |
BRPI1011745A2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2016-03-22 | Lubrizol Corp | motor oil formulations for biodiesel fuels. |
KR101860971B1 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2018-07-05 | 더루우브리졸코오포레이션 | Asphaltene dispersant containing lubricating compositions |
EP4317968A4 (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2024-09-18 | Shimadzu Corp | Optical inspection device and optical inspection method |
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US3793201A (en) * | 1970-12-28 | 1974-02-19 | Lubrizol Corp | Stabilized basic magnesium sulfonate compositions |
NL7811146A (en) * | 1977-11-11 | 1979-05-15 | Orobis Ltd | PROCESS FOR PREPARING DISPERGENTING CLEANERS AND LUBRICATING OIL PRODUCTS CONTAINING THESE CLEANERS. |
GB8723909D0 (en) * | 1987-10-12 | 1987-11-18 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Lubricant oil additive |
DD298519A5 (en) | 1987-12-30 | 1992-02-27 | Addinol Mineraloel Gmbh Luetzkendorf,De | ADDITIVE COMPOSITION FOR DIVING AND CRUSHER HEAD ENGINE OILS |
US4952328A (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1990-08-28 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating oil compositions |
EP0645444A3 (en) | 1993-09-27 | 1995-05-24 | Texaco Development Corp | Lubricants with linear alkaryl overbased detergents. |
US5677270A (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1997-10-14 | Chevron Chemical Company | Methods for preparing normal and overbased phenates |
EP0765931B1 (en) * | 1995-09-25 | 2001-05-16 | Chevron Chemical Company LLC | Lubricating oils having carbonated sulfurized metal alkyl phenates and carbonated metal alkyl aryl sulfonates |
JP3837806B2 (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 2006-10-25 | 株式会社コスモ総合研究所 | Method for producing polyphenol sulfide |
SG55446A1 (en) | 1996-10-29 | 1998-12-21 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | Lube oil compositions for diesel engines |
DE69917902T2 (en) | 1998-03-12 | 2005-05-25 | Crompton Corp., Greenwich | HIGH VISCOSE DETERGENTS CONTAINING NAVY CYLINDER OILS |
JP4658320B2 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 2011-03-23 | 出光興産株式会社 | Succinimide compound, process for producing the same, lubricating oil additive, and lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine |
GB2328217A (en) | 1998-08-11 | 1999-02-17 | Chevron Centrale Lab Bv | Lubricating oil compositions suitable for use in low speed diesel engines |
US6551965B2 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2003-04-22 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Marine diesel engine lubricating oil composition having improved high temperature performance |
-
2004
- 2004-10-29 WO PCT/US2004/036312 patent/WO2005042678A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-10-29 EP EP04796892A patent/EP1680491B1/en not_active Ceased
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2011
- 2011-05-06 JP JP2011103848A patent/JP2011149032A/en not_active Withdrawn
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WO2011022245A1 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2011-02-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent |
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EP1680491B1 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
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