EP1679984B1 - Vetement autonome a commande thermique active et alimente par des cellules solaires - Google Patents

Vetement autonome a commande thermique active et alimente par des cellules solaires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1679984B1
EP1679984B1 EP04775190A EP04775190A EP1679984B1 EP 1679984 B1 EP1679984 B1 EP 1679984B1 EP 04775190 A EP04775190 A EP 04775190A EP 04775190 A EP04775190 A EP 04775190A EP 1679984 B1 EP1679984 B1 EP 1679984B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
garment
solar cells
cooling
bus connector
electric bus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP04775190A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1679984B8 (fr
EP1679984A1 (fr
Inventor
Bruno Manuel Nunes Ramos De Carvalho
Fernando Antonio Dos Santos Simoes
Ricardo Paulo Patricio Dias
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Active Space Technologies - Actividades
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
    • A41D13/005—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment with controlled temperature
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D1/00—Garments
    • A41D1/002—Garments adapted to accommodate electronic equipment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
    • A41D13/005—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment with controlled temperature
    • A41D13/0051—Heated garments

Definitions

  • This invention is included in the apparel segment, namely in the emerging sector known as intelligent wear (i-wear). It is related with systems and methods for automatic control of temperature in garments, not only for standard weather conditions but also for extreme environments. Furthermore, this invention also refers to special elements that provide power for those vests.
  • the invention refers to an autonomous garment with active thermal control powered by solar cells that is designed not only for standard conditions but also for extreme weather environments.
  • autonomous we mean there is no need of plug in to a power line, assuring portability and energy autonomy of the garment.
  • active thermal control we mean the ability to produce both heat and cold in the garment and to control dynamically the internal temperature according to external conditions and user needs.
  • warming systems embedded in garments use the thermoelectric effect to provide heat for articles of clothing.
  • An electric current, provided by batteries or power line, is transformed into heat in resistor s embedded in garments, mainly in jackets, and in blankets.
  • This technique is claimed in patents WO03059099 , EP1197722 , US2001047992 , DE19835984 , US5893991 , US5643480 , EP0287294 , US4705935 , FR2577390 , US2003006229 , and US4404460 .
  • Most of the described objects include means to maintain the produced heat, using special fabrics or geometry.
  • Patent FR2752363 refers to a warming system powered by solid and liquid fuels, which feed an engine to produce heat.
  • Patents US6439942 and FR257711.6 describe garments heated by means of resistors powered by solar arrays.
  • Patent US4539714 and other references therein claim the utilization of microdendritic solar energy collectors that generate
  • Patents DE19755181 and DE19749436 describe a configuration with flexible stripes that allow natural ventilation. Cooling and sweat removal and evaporation by cooling in appropriate materials are described in patents GB2352385 , US6125645 , US5289695 , and US5111668 .
  • forced ventilation systems are claimed in patents WO02067707 , US6257011 , FR2719892 , and US5217408 , which use small fans powered by batteries or are connected directly to power line.
  • Patent US5438707 uses simultaneously cooling with compressed air and fans.
  • Patents US6134714 , US2002073481 , US2002069448 , FR2756709 , US5415222 , US5263336 , and US3736764 describe systems with refrigeration liquids inside pipes embedded in garments, which permit the cooling by evaporation.
  • Patent US5755110 describes a system that uses a special material to absorb heat
  • patent DE20011331 claims the utilization of a textile fibre with special properties for storing and releasing available heat, depending on the needs.
  • patent US5386823 is related with a ventilated suit with mask that is connected to a cooling device with low portability.
  • patent DE19745889 illustrates garments with Peltier elements for cooling and matrix resistors for heating that are connected to an electricity source, namely power line, friction wheel, propeller driven generator or batteries.
  • Patent US5603648 describes a safe-vest with several accessories, namely optical fibres and LEDs powered by solar cells, resistors powered by batteries to provide heat, and other signalling and survival gadgets. This solution is especially useful in rescue missions and other risky assignments.
  • Patent US 5148002 mentions sensors for monitoring internal and external environmental conditions and physiological parameters, namely body temperature.
  • Some small pieces of clothing use solar cells or energy collectors to provide power to feed resistors, which are used to warm articles of clothing.
  • the present invention reduces limitations both in portability and autonomy, and allows warming and cooling thermal cycles in the same piece of clothing.
  • One of the main goals of this invention is to solve these limitations without a significant increase in weight. Furthermore, it foresees a more efficient way to manage temperature distribution and power resources.
  • a standard application in garments includes the following units: solar cells, batteries, cooling device, warming device, active thermal controller, wiring grid, and auxiliary gadgets.
  • Solar cells are assembled in a flexible substrate and can include special filters or optical parts.
  • Solar cells use flexible substrates made of inexpensive silicon beads sandwiched between two thin layers of metal foil embedded in a plastic cover.
  • the metallic sheets give the material physical strength and act as electrical contacts.
  • the wavelength that provides maximum optical-to-electric energy efficiency can be shifted to match different radiation sources. Thus, not only solar radiation but also from other sources can be used; namely fluorescent lamps and flames.
  • batteries in the garment is convenient not only to store energy but also to provide power stabilization, namely when power transients occur in the solar cells.
  • New technologies allow the development of ultrathin flexible batteries, and their series and parallel association increase the power storage to more that 200Wh/kg.
  • thin batteries are easily shaped so that weight distribution in the garment is possible and substrate flexibility allows ergonomic profiles.
  • Peltier cells are made from two dissimilar metals and the application of a DC voltage to a closed circuit gives rise to a temperature change at the junction of the two metals.
  • Peltier cells do not have moving parts, are lightweight, and can be used in any orientation. Furthermore, they may be stacked to achieve greater temperature differential.
  • Miniaturized compressed cooling machines with coefficient of performance (COP) ⁇ 4 are available.
  • COP coefficient of performance
  • the most effective method to provide heat to the garment is the conversion of electrical energy in heat by means of resistors. Wiring, high flexibility, and weightless of electrical resistors make them the more suitable elements to generate heat inside the garment.
  • thermal control in the garment is better obtained with active units, mainly because on/off systems are not effective in complex systems that use both cooling and heating cycles.
  • active thermal control proposed in this document uses not only parameters from those cycles but also from human body activity, external environment, and preset conditions. Thus, thermal control units can use sophisticated algorithms.
  • Wiring is an important issue for assembling procedures. Although solar cells, batteries, resistors, and pipes have high flexibility it is fundamental to study stress and fatigue in some of the junctions of the garment, namely those related with the human articulations.
  • auxiliary plugs to feed external devices, namely laptops, mobile phones, audio readers, and other low power electronic devices. Although none of these portable devices forms part of the invention.
  • the presented invention refers to an autonomous garment with active thermal control and powered by solar cells.
  • Fig.1 represents a piece of clothing that includes several units for powering, warming, cooling, and controlling the whole system.
  • Fig.2 shows, as an example, a clothing uniform with the illustration of solar cells on the surface.
  • the system includes one or several pieces of clothing, solar cells (1), batteries (2), resistor circuits (3), refrigeration units (4), and an automatic thermal controller (6).
  • Peltier cells (5) which can be used for heating and cooling.
  • the solar cells convert electromagnetic radiation in electric power, which is used to feed the electric devices.
  • the distribution of resistors and refrigerating pipes (7) is adjusted according to human body needs, in order to produce or remove heat in the garment.
  • the thermal unit assures that temperature inside the garment is maintained in the selected range, which can be function of metabolic activity, weather conditions, breathable fabrics properties, and pre-selected values defined by the user. Furthermore, a specific algorithm surveys the thermal control unit and manages heating and cooling production in the garment.
  • the batteries have two different purposes in the system. On one hand, they are used to stabilize power consumption if there is a strong variation in the electric power production. On the other hand, the batteries are used to store energy and provide extra power to increase autonomy, namely when radiation level is low or no longer available.
  • the solar cells absorb radiation and convert it in' electricity, which is supplied to the devices under control.
  • the generated power can also be stored in the batteries.
  • the solar cells are the outer active layer of the garment, must be flexible, and have to have low bending stress with time. Moreover, solar cells shall have good wiring properties.
  • Solar cells have to be covered with an optical external layer to prevent weathering degradation.
  • This layer shall be thin, flexible, and transparent to visible radiation.
  • the global power efficiency of the solar cells shall be higher than 10%, in order to provide enough,energy to the thermal units. This value is the state-of-the-art efficiency for flexible solar cells.
  • Solar cells cover as much as possible of the outer layer of the garment to maximize available area.
  • special human articulations such as shoulder, elbow, and knee, can damage solar cells so that high bending joints in the garment shall not be covered with solar cells.
  • Special wiring is used to interconnect solar cells in an overall grid and the electric bus connector that provides power distribution and signal control to all devices.
  • Batteries store energy supplied by the solar cells or a power line.
  • the main functions for batteries are energy storage and power stabilization.
  • the batteries must be thin, lightweight, flexible, rechargeable, and must have low bending stress with time.
  • the state-of-the-art flexible batteries allow up to 200Wh/kg, which allow autonomy of 3 hours for minimum warming and cooling thermal requirements.
  • the batteries layer is embedded in the garment and has the same bending constraints as the solar cells. Batteries are connected to the electric bus connector that provides power distribution and signal control to all devices.
  • the garment has two different systems to provide heat.
  • the utilization of resistors is the most efficient method to warm articles of clothing.
  • the second system includes Peltier cells.
  • Resistors must be thin, flexible, and lightweight. Furthermore, they must have low bending stress with time and good wiring connectors.
  • the .wiring grid and resistors distribution in the garment are selected to provide appropriate heat flow inside the garment. Furthermore, several sectors of resistors can provide heat independently of each other, which allow unbalanced distribution of energy if required. For example, this technique allows differentiating energy distribution in chest, arms, and legs. Resistors layers are embedded in the garment and can also be impregnated directly in fabrics.
  • Peltier cells are used both for warming and cooling purposes and are also embedded in the garment. This property makes them useful for areas of the garment that are subject to high thermal inertia. However, as they are heavier than resistors, Peltier cells are properly distributed to balance weight in the piece of clothing.
  • Resistors and Peltier cells are connected to the electric bus connector that provides power distribution and signal control to all devices.
  • the utilization of miniaturized cooling cycles with high COP is a proper solution to provide a cooling system to the garment.
  • the utilization of thin flexible pipes permits an efficient distribution of temperature inside the garment: The utilization of different tube diameters and pipe distribution allocates unbalanced cool distribution, using different fluid flow and valves in the pipes.
  • the cooling cycle systems are connected to the electric bus connector that provides power distribution and signal control to all devices.
  • a programmable microcontroller is used.
  • the management of temperature includes several important inputs such as sensors signals, user defined settings, feedback conditions, and device performance monitoring values.
  • thermocouples monitoring garment temperature, external environment conditions, and body temperature of the user provides useful information.
  • a model describing production and distribution of heat flow on the human body is included.
  • the heat flow level is function of physiological parameters, e.g. body activity, and weather conditions.
  • a special algorithm is developed to process all information related with sensors, devices status, body activity model, weather parameters, and preset conditions.
  • the algorithm is run in the microcontroller unit surveying and analysing temperatures within the garment, controlling heat and cool production, and preserving thermal preset comfort conditions.
  • the microcontroller is connected to the electric bus connector that provides power distribution and signal to control the garment, managing all devices and accessories.
  • the power generated in the garment can be used for other purposes not forming part of the invention, in particular to provide energy to small appliances like laptops, audio readers, positioning systems, mobile phones, digital cameras, signalling and warning devices.
  • the small appliances are connected to the electric bus connector that provides power distribution all devices.
  • This invention which simultaneously provides warming and cooling active thermal control, can be applied in a wide range of weather conditions and included in different clothing types, namely jackets and uniforms ( Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 ).
  • the system can also work without solar radiation if another radiation source is present, namely artificial illumination (e.g. lamps).
  • a particular useful situation is provided by fire radiation, which can be converted in electricity and used to cool fireman suits.
  • Pieces of clothing can include sensors monitoring the external weather conditions, communications and positioning devices, and luminous and sonorous signalling apparatus. These types of sensors and gadget s are particularly important in extreme conditions and sparsely inhabited areas, namely deserts, Polar Regions, and mountains.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Outerwear In General, And Traditional Japanese Garments (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Un vêtement autonome ayant un contrôle thermique actif et propulsé par des cellules solaires, constitué par des cellules solaires (1), des batteries (2), des résistances (3), des cellules Peltier (5), un microcontrôleur (6), un connecteur électrique de bus, des détecteurs thermiques et des prises de courant, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend également une unité de réfrigération(4) et des tuyaux (7) ; et
    - Inclut des unités de chauffage et de réfrigération à l'intérieur du vêtement, et est pourvu d'un contrôle thermique automatique ;
    - Des cellulaires solaires utilisées pour propulser les unités de chauffage et de réfrigération, pouvant utiliser des sources spectrales autres que l'énergie solaire.
  2. Le système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel des cellules solaires, connectées à un connecteur électrique de bus, se situent sur l'enveloppe extérieure du vêtement et comprennent des pièces optiques, une couche de protection et des filtres ayant une géométrie appropriée optimisée pour un spectre solaire ou autre.
  3. Le système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel des batteries, intégrées dans le vêtement, sont connectées au connecteur électrique de bus.
  4. Le système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel un ensemble de résistances, intégré dans le vêtement et connecté au connecteur électrique de bus, est distribué de manière appropriée dans le vêtement pour le transfert de chaleur.
  5. Le système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel des cellules Peltier, intégrées dans le vêtement et connectées au connecteur électrique de bus, sont distribuées de manière appropriée dans le vêtement pour la production de chaleur et de froid.
  6. Le système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'unité de réfrigération, connectée au connecteur électrique de bus, comprend des tuyaux distribués de manière appropriée dans le vêtement pour le transfert de froid.
  7. Le système selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un mécanisme parmi des détecteurs thermiques, des dispositifs de signalisation lumineux et sonores, des systèmes de positionnement et des prises de courant, connectés au connecteur électrique de bus.
  8. Le système selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un microcontrôleur connecté à tous les dispositifs électriques, à travers le connecteur électrique de bus, pour le contrôle thermique actif du vêtement.
  9. Le système selon les revendications 1 et 8, dans lequel le microcontrôleur comprend un moyen pour la visualisation de données et un logiciel pour contrôler les paramètres thermiques.
  10. L'appareil d'un vêtement autonome ayant un contrôle thermique actif et des cellules solaires adaptées pour transformer le rayonnement provoqué par les incendies en énergie électrique selon la revendication 1, développé spécialement pour être utilisé avec les uniformes, par exemple pour les pompiers.
EP04775190A 2003-10-17 2004-10-13 Vetement autonome a commande thermique active et alimente par des cellules solaires Not-in-force EP1679984B8 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT103030A PT103030A (pt) 2003-10-17 2003-10-17 Vestuario autonomo, alimentado por paineis solares e com controlo activo da temperatura
PCT/PT2004/000024 WO2005034662A1 (fr) 2003-10-17 2004-10-13 Vetement autonome a commande thermique active et alimente par des cellules solaires

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1679984A1 EP1679984A1 (fr) 2006-07-19
EP1679984B1 true EP1679984B1 (fr) 2008-05-21
EP1679984B8 EP1679984B8 (fr) 2008-08-13

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US (1) US20070199137A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1679984B8 (fr)
JP (1) JP4708355B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101126392B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE395840T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2004279277B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2543468C (fr)
DE (1) DE602004014009D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1679984T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2308243T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO328018B1 (fr)
PT (1) PT103030A (fr)
WO (1) WO2005034662A1 (fr)

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JP2002058694A (ja) * 2000-08-21 2002-02-26 Teion Kogaku:Kk 生体用冷却・加熱装置
US6739138B2 (en) * 2001-11-26 2004-05-25 Innovations Inc. Thermoelectric modules and a heating and cooling apparatus incorporating same

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10182937B2 (en) 2013-10-11 2019-01-22 Embr Labs Inc. Methods and apparatuses for manipulating temperature
US11701250B2 (en) 2013-10-11 2023-07-18 Embr Labs Inc. Methods and apparatuses for manipulating temperature
US11759350B2 (en) 2013-10-11 2023-09-19 Embr Labs Ip Llc Methods and apparatuses for manipulating temperature

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CA2543468C (fr) 2012-07-24
AU2004279277B2 (en) 2010-08-12
JP2007509244A (ja) 2007-04-12
NO20062219L (no) 2006-07-11
KR20060123738A (ko) 2006-12-04
WO2005034662A1 (fr) 2005-04-21
KR101126392B1 (ko) 2012-03-28
US20070199137A1 (en) 2007-08-30
DE602004014009D1 (de) 2008-07-03
DK1679984T3 (da) 2008-09-29
EP1679984B8 (fr) 2008-08-13
EP1679984A1 (fr) 2006-07-19
PT103030A (pt) 2005-04-29
CA2543468A1 (fr) 2005-04-21
AU2004279277A1 (en) 2005-04-21
JP4708355B2 (ja) 2011-06-22
NO328018B1 (no) 2009-11-09
ATE395840T1 (de) 2008-06-15
ES2308243T3 (es) 2008-12-01

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