EP1678281B1 - Processing of kerosene for use as a lamp oil and barbeque lighting fluid - Google Patents
Processing of kerosene for use as a lamp oil and barbeque lighting fluid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1678281B1 EP1678281B1 EP04743352A EP04743352A EP1678281B1 EP 1678281 B1 EP1678281 B1 EP 1678281B1 EP 04743352 A EP04743352 A EP 04743352A EP 04743352 A EP04743352 A EP 04743352A EP 1678281 B1 EP1678281 B1 EP 1678281B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- kerosene
- alkene
- molecular weight
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000021168 barbecue Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L7/00—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels
- C10L7/02—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels liquid fuels
Definitions
- Kerosene typically has a boiling point in the range 180 - 230°C.
- kerosene are used extensively as lamp oils but are also used absorbed on charcoal as a fuel for lighting barbecues. Traditionally, these preparations have been formulated with added colouring and/or fragrance components essentially to deodorise or mask the characteristic hydrocarbon smell.
- kerosene for most purposes is not generally susceptible to being successfully thickened.
- US-A-3795556 describes a self-igniting incendiary material containing an organo-metallic compound, a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and a gelling agent, the resulting composition being capable of self-ignition over water.
- US-A-3232720 describes a solid shaped fuel product such as a briquette containing a normally liquid hydrocarbon and a normally solid high molecular weight polymer of a 1-olefin having from two to eight carbon atoms.
- the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.12, 1968, pp. 55-69 describes the experimental use of high-shear viscometric data for polymer characterisation, using polyisobutylene in various solvents including toluene, kerosene, decalin and gas oil.
- a method of thickening liquid hydrocarbon fuel oils comprises mixing the hydrocarbon with an essentially paraffin polyolefin polymer in solid form to yield a thickened homogenous liquid solution, characterised in that the liquid hydrocarbon comprises commercial low odour kerosene having a flashpoint greater than or equal to 62°C and the polymer has a molecular weight in the range 1.4 to 2.0 x 10 6 .
- a composition of matter comprises a thickened homogenous liquid solution of an essentially paraffin polyolefin polymer in solid form dissolved in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel oil, characterised in that the liquid hydrocarbon comprises commercial low odour kerosene having a flashpoint greater than or equal to 62°C and the polymer has a molecular weight in the range 1.4 to 2.0 x 10 6 .
- the product of the invention may be used as a lamp oil but may also be applied to charcoal for use as a lighting fuel for barbecues, for which it is superior to unthickened hydrocarbon fuels as such in providing better adhesion and absorption of fuel onto the charcoal and also in providing enhanced burning times and burn rates.
- Additive materials for the deodorising, colouring and/or enhancement of the product perception may be mixed with the inventive composition while still remaining with the terms of the lamp oil directive.
- the liquid hydrocarbon comprises commercial kerosene having a boiling point in the range 180 - 230°C.
- the kerosene is a low odour kerosene having a flashpoint greater than or equal to 62°C, typically 63 to 68°C.
- the polyolefin polymer may be a medium or high molecular weight polymer of an alkene, preferably a branched chain alkene such as polyisobutylene. In polymerisation of such polymers, the olefinic unsaturation is removed except at the terminal moieties.
- the molecular weight is in the range of 1.4 to 2.0 (viscosity average x 10 6 ), a suitable polymer being commercially available under the trade name 'Vistanex', such as 'Vistanex MML-120'.
- a suitable polymer being commercially available under the trade name 'Vistanex', such as 'Vistanex MML-120'.
- Such compounds which are generally used as plasticisers, resemble uncured natural and synthetic rubbers in their physical properties and, when mixed with a hydrocarbon solvent according to the present invention, the polymer initially swells in volume as it appears to imbibe the solvent.
- the polymer is ground to form granules or particles before being added to the solvent, the individual granules or particles thereof eventually breaking up and becoming dissolved and homogenous in the solvent. The higher is the surface area to volume ratio of the granules or particles, the faster will be the rate of dissolution.
- a thickened kerosene formulation contains the following ingredients: Material %W/W Low Odour Kerosene 90 - ⁇ 100 typically 95 Polyolefin polymer (Vistanex MML-120) Up to 5 typically 2.5 Fragrance material (optional) Up to 5 typically 2.5
- Such a formulation has the following properties: Density 0.75 - 0.80 gm/ml @ 20°C typically 0.78 gm/ml Flash point 62 - 66°C typically 63 - 65°C
- the formulation can be used as a lamp oil.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to the processing of kerosene, a complex liquid hydrocarbon fuel oil, originally distilled from coal, bitumen and/or petroleum. Kerosene typically has a boiling point in the range 180 - 230°C.
- Certain forms of kerosene are used extensively as lamp oils but are also used absorbed on charcoal as a fuel for lighting barbecues. Traditionally, these preparations have been formulated with added colouring and/or fragrance components essentially to deodorise or mask the characteristic hydrocarbon smell.
- A recent European Union Directive relating to the sale of lamp oils seeks to prohibit the colouring and/or fragrancing of these oils
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a means of thickening kerosene and other hydrocarbon solvents with a view to permitting the presence of additives and preferably to enhance the perception and performance of the hydrocarbon as a fuel. However, kerosene for most purposes is not generally susceptible to being successfully thickened.
-
US-A-3795556 describes a self-igniting incendiary material containing an organo-metallic compound, a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and a gelling agent, the resulting composition being capable of self-ignition over water.US-A-3232720 describes a solid shaped fuel product such as a briquette containing a normally liquid hydrocarbon and a normally solid high molecular weight polymer of a 1-olefin having from two to eight carbon atoms. The Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.12, 1968, pp. 55-69 describes the experimental use of high-shear viscometric data for polymer characterisation, using polyisobutylene in various solvents including toluene, kerosene, decalin and gas oil. - According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of thickening liquid hydrocarbon fuel oils comprises mixing the hydrocarbon with an essentially paraffin polyolefin polymer in solid form to yield a thickened homogenous liquid solution, characterised in that the liquid hydrocarbon comprises commercial low odour kerosene having a flashpoint greater than or equal to 62°C and the polymer has a molecular weight in the range 1.4 to 2.0 x 106.
- According to another aspect of the invention, a composition of matter comprises a thickened homogenous liquid solution of an essentially paraffin polyolefin polymer in solid form dissolved in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel oil, characterised in that the liquid hydrocarbon comprises commercial low odour kerosene having a flashpoint greater than or equal to 62°C and the polymer has a molecular weight in the range 1.4 to 2.0 x 106.
- The product of the invention, that is, either the composition of matter or the product of the method, may be used as a lamp oil but may also be applied to charcoal for use as a lighting fuel for barbecues, for which it is superior to unthickened hydrocarbon fuels as such in providing better adhesion and absorption of fuel onto the charcoal and also in providing enhanced burning times and burn rates. Additive materials for the deodorising, colouring and/or enhancement of the product perception may be mixed with the inventive composition while still remaining with the terms of the lamp oil directive.
- For most purposes, the liquid hydrocarbon comprises commercial kerosene having a boiling point in the range 180 - 230°C. The kerosene is a low odour kerosene having a flashpoint greater than or equal to 62°C, typically 63 to 68°C. The polyolefin polymer may be a medium or high molecular weight polymer of an alkene, preferably a branched chain alkene such as polyisobutylene. In polymerisation of such polymers, the olefinic unsaturation is removed except at the terminal moieties. The molecular weight is in the range of 1.4 to 2.0 (viscosity average x 106), a suitable polymer being commercially available under the trade name 'Vistanex', such as 'Vistanex MML-120'. Such compounds, which are generally used as plasticisers, resemble uncured natural and synthetic rubbers in their physical properties and, when mixed with a hydrocarbon solvent according to the present invention, the polymer initially swells in volume as it appears to imbibe the solvent. Preferably, the polymer is ground to form granules or particles before being added to the solvent, the individual granules or particles thereof eventually breaking up and becoming dissolved and homogenous in the solvent. The higher is the surface area to volume ratio of the granules or particles, the faster will be the rate of dissolution.
- An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example.
- A thickened kerosene formulation contains the following ingredients:
Material %W/W Low Odour Kerosene 90 - < 100 typically 95 Polyolefin polymer (Vistanex MML-120) Up to 5 typically 2.5 Fragrance material (optional) Up to 5 typically 2.5 - Such a formulation has the following properties:
Density 0.75 - 0.80 gm/ml @ 20°C typically 0.78 gm/ml Flash point 62 - 66°C typically 63 - 65°C - The formulation can be used as a lamp oil.
Claims (9)
- A method of thickening liquid hydrocarbon fuel oils, the method comprising mixing the hydrocarbon with an essentially paraffin polyolefin polymer in solid form to yield a thickened homogenous liquid solution, characterised in that the liquid hydrocarbon comprises commercial low odour kerosene having a flashpoint greater than or equal to 62°C and the polymer has a molecular weight in the range 1.4 to 2.0 x 106.
- A method according to claim 1, in which the kerosene has a concentration of 90 to <100% by weight and the polymer has a concentration of up to 5% by weight.
- A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, in which the polyolefin polymer comprises a medium or high molecular weight polymer of an alkene.
- A method according to claim 3, in which the alkene comprises a branched chain alkene.
- A composition of matter comprising a thickened homogenous liquid solution of an essentially paraffin polyolefin polymer in solid form dissolved in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel oil, characterised in that the liquid hydrocarbon comprises commercial low odour kerosene having a flashpoint greater than or equal to 62°C and the polymer has a molecular weight in the range 1.4 to 2.0 x 106.
- A composition according to claim 5, in which the kerosene has a concentration of 90 to <100% by weight and the polymer has a concentration of up to 5% by weight.
- A composition according to claim 5 or claim 6, in which the polyolefin polymer comprises a medium or high molecular weight polymer of an alkene.
- A composition according to claim 7, in which the alkene comprises a branched chain alkene.
- The use of a composition according to any of claims 5 to 8 as a barbecue lighting fuel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0316301.1A GB0316301D0 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2003-07-11 | Processing of kerosene |
PCT/GB2004/003011 WO2005007784A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2004-07-12 | Processing of kerosene |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1678281A1 EP1678281A1 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
EP1678281B1 true EP1678281B1 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
Family
ID=27742029
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04743352A Expired - Lifetime EP1678281B1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2004-07-12 | Processing of kerosene for use as a lamp oil and barbeque lighting fluid |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070038006A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1678281B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE446354T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2572145C (en) |
DE (1) | DE602004023745D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1678281T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2335212T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB0316301D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005007784A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1894985A1 (en) * | 2006-08-28 | 2008-03-05 | Total Deutschland GmbH | Fire lighter fluid |
EP2738240A1 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-04 | Schepers Handels- en domeinnamen B.V. | Use of a Gas-to-Liquids gas oil in a lamp oil composition or fire lighter |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2771458A (en) * | 1953-01-05 | 1956-11-20 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Solutions of rubbery polymers from particles of uniform diameter |
US3232720A (en) * | 1962-03-15 | 1966-02-01 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Solid product containing normally liquid hydrocarbon and normally solid polyolefin |
US3795556A (en) * | 1964-04-23 | 1974-03-05 | Us Navy | Gelled gasoline incendiary compositions containing triethyl aluminum and a metal |
US3821043A (en) * | 1966-09-02 | 1974-06-28 | Us Navy | Hydrazine gel composition |
US3460922A (en) * | 1967-01-09 | 1969-08-12 | Tenneco Chem | Method of producing gelled hydrocarbons employing polyurethanes |
-
2003
- 2003-07-11 GB GBGB0316301.1A patent/GB0316301D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-07-12 EP EP04743352A patent/EP1678281B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-12 AT AT04743352T patent/ATE446354T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-07-12 CA CA2572145A patent/CA2572145C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-12 ES ES04743352T patent/ES2335212T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-12 WO PCT/GB2004/003011 patent/WO2005007784A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-07-12 DK DK04743352.9T patent/DK1678281T3/en active
- 2004-07-12 US US10/564,192 patent/US20070038006A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-12 DE DE602004023745T patent/DE602004023745D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE446354T1 (en) | 2009-11-15 |
WO2005007784A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
GB0316301D0 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
EP1678281A1 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
CA2572145A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
US20070038006A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
CA2572145C (en) | 2012-10-16 |
DE602004023745D1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
DK1678281T3 (en) | 2010-03-08 |
ES2335212T3 (en) | 2010-03-23 |
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