EP1664663B1 - Jagdkugel mit verringertem aerodynamischem widerstand - Google Patents

Jagdkugel mit verringertem aerodynamischem widerstand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1664663B1
EP1664663B1 EP04787338A EP04787338A EP1664663B1 EP 1664663 B1 EP1664663 B1 EP 1664663B1 EP 04787338 A EP04787338 A EP 04787338A EP 04787338 A EP04787338 A EP 04787338A EP 1664663 B1 EP1664663 B1 EP 1664663B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bullet
conical
ogival
nose
ogive
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EP04787338A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1664663A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Sauvestre
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THIFAN INDUSTRIE
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Individual
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Priority to SI200431060T priority Critical patent/SI1664663T1/sl
Priority to PL04787338T priority patent/PL1664663T3/pl
Publication of EP1664663A1 publication Critical patent/EP1664663A1/de
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Publication of EP1664663B1 publication Critical patent/EP1664663B1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ammunition for small arms, medium and large caliber, and more particularly a new bullet, especially for hunting weapons, with reduced aerodynamic drag and providing improved terminal efficiency, particularly on soft target.
  • the most conventional ammunition for hunting weapons is usually leaded bullets with lead alloy cores, the front of which has a flattened or rounded head. According to a variant, some balls have a central channel in the warhead.
  • the patent US 3,881,421 describes a bullet whose head is hollowed out to cause it to flatten upon impact on the target.
  • These ammunition generally have the disadvantage of a high loss of speed on the trajectory and a significant mass loss at impact on the target due to a dislocation of the bullet.
  • Balls of the same type comprising, on the front end of the warhead, a piece of plastic or other materials intended to improve the aerodynamics of the bullet and the accuracy of the shot, as in the patent. CH 625043 .
  • these balls fragment and expand weakly on impact on the target, which affects their terminal efficiency.
  • Requirement WO 0045120 discloses the preamble of claim 1 and discloses a bullet having an enlarged base metal core, supporting an open ogival head envelope prominent with respect to the central core.
  • the patent US 5,259,320 shows an example of a lead-free monometallic bullet, with a central channel located in the warhead, which exhibits rupture primers intended to control the expansion of the warhead and its winding in petals, upon impact on target.
  • This technique has the disadvantage of random expansion, and a risk of fragmentation of the formed petals.
  • the method of manufacture of this type of ball by cold stamping causes dynamic imbalances that result in a dispersion of shots.
  • the diameter of the nose of the warhead is between 40 and 50% of the maximum diameter of the bullet, which gives it a significant aerodynamic drag.
  • These bullets are therefore mainly intended for so-called "beat" firing, at short and medium distances, less than 150 m for rifles, and of the order of 50 to 60 m for shotguns. Beyond these distances, and mainly with low initial velocity bullets, the impact velocity on the target is too low to cause a radial expansion of the bullet body which is necessary for satisfactory efficiency.
  • the present invention precisely aims to optimize the ballistics of a lead-free metal ball of the above type to obtain the lowest possible aerodynamic drag trajectory while maintaining excellent terminal efficiency on the target by avoiding losses of mass of the metal body of the ball, at great distances, which can be of the order of 300 m.
  • the subject of the present invention is therefore a small, medium or large caliber weapon bullet, at the caliber of the weapon or under-calibrated, of the type comprising an internal arrow of rigidity greater than or equal to that of the body of the bullet, arranged in a hole drilled in the bullet body along its axis, which is distinguished in that the internal arrow is recessed relative to the orifice of the hole, the latter, located on the axis, is a blind hole of a diameter less than that of the internal arrow, and the wall of the ogival head of the bullet body comprises one or more deformation primers made by a constriction of the original head near the orifice of the hole.
  • the deformation primers of the ogival head are made by a throat of the ogival head, separating the ogival nose from the rear part of the ogive.
  • the bullet of the invention has in its front part a conical or cylindro-conical cavity, delimited on its large base by the front face of the internal arrow, and opening on the ogival nose of the bullet by a small orifice, preferably circular, located in the axis.
  • the warhead forming the head of the bullet is very profiled, so as to provide as little aerodynamic drag as possible, and for this purpose, the orifice of the hole enclosing the internal arrow has a diameter smaller than that of the internal arrow, the ratio d 1 / d of the diameter d 1 of the orifice to the diameter d of the internal deflection being between 0.1: 1 and 0.9: 1.
  • the nose of the ogive comprises a flat whose outer diameter d 2 is such that the ratio d 2 / d is between 0.3: 1 and 1.5: 1.
  • the ratio d 2 / d is between 0.6: 1 and 1: 1, while the diameter d 1 of the orifice is such that the ratio d 1 / d is from about 0.3: 1 to about 0.6: 1.
  • the deformation primers made in the wall of the ogival head are intended to facilitate the deformation and opening of the nose of the warhead at impact on the target, to cause a deformation by "mushrooming".
  • This ogival shape has an ogival nose surrounding the orifice communicating with the conical or cylindro-conical cavity, and a rear portion, which cooperate to minimize and reduce to the utmost any discontinuity of the flow of air in flight which could cause detachment of Mach wave detrimental to aerodynamic drag.
  • these deformation primers can be preferably made in the form of a constriction in the outer wall of the warhead, separating the ogival nose, open on the front, of the rear part of the warhead. , so that the section of the base of the ogival nose is slightly greater than that of the front of the rear part of the ogive.
  • This throttling is preferably located at the base of the conical or cylindro-conical internal cavity formed in front of the internal arrow, or slightly in front of this base, and more preferably at the junction line of the conical surfaces and cylindrical when the internal cavity is cylindro-conical.
  • the constriction made in the wall of the warhead to form the primer deformation is materialized by a recess between the base of the ogival nose and the front end of the rear part of the warhead, and the radial height of this recess , for medium-sized bales, is generally between 0.05 and 1 mm, and preferably between 0.1 and 0.5 mm.
  • the theoretical profile of the ogival nose and the rear part of the ogive meet in a line of tangency located at a distance between 1/5 and 4/5, preferably between 1/3 and 2/3, of the height of the rear part of the warhead.
  • the rear part of the ogive has a convex profile.
  • the internal cavity has a cylindro-conical shape, where the cylinder and the cone are coaxial, joined by the large base of the cone, the latter being disposed in front of the cylinder.
  • the internal cavity has a bit-conical shape, the two cones being joined by their large base, the small base of the rear truncated cone being closed by the internal arrow.
  • the front of the internal arrow slightly protrudes into the internal cavity formed in the ogival nose, that is to say that the frustoconical or cylindrical wall of the base of the internal cavity comes into contact with the outer surface of the arrow slightly behind the front end thereof.
  • This has the effect of forming an annular volume that can serve as a primer for expansion of the ball head during impact on the target.
  • the internal arrow inserted into the body of the metal bullet can be made of one or more elements. When constituted by a single cylindrical element, it preferably has a plurality of longitudinal or transverse ribs which improve the bond with the bullet body.
  • the hole drilled in the bullet body, into which the internal arrow is inserted, may be through or blind, and preferably blind.
  • the ball according to the present invention has the advantage of substantially reducing the aerodynamic drag on the trajectory, while ensuring the control of the deformation of the body of the bullet during the impact on the target, even at great distance.
  • the aerodynamic drag coefficient is reduced about half for projectile velocities of the order of Mach 2.
  • the low aerodynamic trajectory drag allows the bullet of the invention to maintain a high speed until the impact on a target at a distance of more than 300 m.
  • the ball then deforms in a controlled manner by wrapping around its axis, impacting the soft parts of the target, and ensures the effective destruction of the hard parts of said target, even at great distances, which may be greater than 300 m in the case of caliber bullets.
  • the bullet of the invention is preferably a lead-free metal bullet.
  • the body of the ball may be metal or metal alloy selected from copper and copper alloys, and preferably a brass containing 5 to 40% zinc.
  • the arrow or metal insert in the axis of the ball may be made of metal or metal alloy selected from steel, copper and alloys of aluminum or copper, for example a brass.
  • the ball of the invention can be manufactured by conventional techniques, for example by first forming a ball provided with an axial cylindrical hole opening on the front, by introducing the internal arrow, and then forming the ogival nose by cold mechanical forming.
  • the invention applies to bullets gyro stabilized or stabilized by tail, the caliber of the weapon or sub-calibrated associated with a launch pad.
  • the bullet with the caliber of the weapon is of the metal monobloc type and comprises at its rear part a necking of the base (1), at its central part a body (2), and at its front part a stepped warhead (3).
  • An inner deflected boom (4) the surface of which carries longitudinal ribs (5), is placed in a hole drilled in the axis of the bullet body and passing through the warhead (3).
  • the ball carrying the internal arrow (4) is inserted into a case provided with a primer and a load, of conventional type, not shown.
  • the ogival head (3) of the bullet is very profiled to reduce as much as possible the aerodynamic drag, and the diameters d 1 of the orifice (8) and d 2 of the flat (6) of the nose (7) which surrounds it are as small as possible.
  • the diameter d 2 of the flat is slightly smaller than the diameter d of the internal arrow (4), the ratio d 2 : d being close to 0.8: 1, while the diameter d 1 of the orifice is such that the ratio d 1: d is about 0.5.
  • the internal cylindro-conical cavity (9) thus delimited, opens on the nose (7) of the ogive (3) through the orifice (8) of circular shape.
  • the large base of the nose of the stepped ogive (3) has a diameter d 4 slightly greater than the front diameter d3 of the rear part of the warhead.
  • This arrangement in relation to the shape of the internal cavity (9) causes a thinning of the wall of the ogival head, thereby generating a line of mechanical weakness (11).
  • This line of weakness (11) makes it possible to control the deformation of the ogival head (3) during the impact on the target.
  • the Figure 2 shows the beginning of the deformation of the stepped warhead (3) during the impact on the target.
  • the force (F) is exerted on the base of the flat (6) of the nose (7) of the staggered warhead (3) of the bullet.
  • the nose (7) crushes gradually causing a radial expansion of the wall of the nose, the point of articulation is located in line with the line of mechanical weakness (11).
  • This movement leads to deformation by radial expansion of the front of the portion (10) of the warhead (3), causing the formation of a conical inlet (12) which then generates the "mushrooming" of the ball.
  • the soft parts of the target are engaged in the cavity (9) and in the conical inlet (12), and they thus create a significant radial pressure Pi on the internal walls of the cavity (9).
  • This pressure combined with the line of mechanical weakness (11), contributes to the initiation of the process of "mushrooming" or expansion of the ball.
  • the Figure 3 shows the evolution of the "mushrooming" process of the ball.
  • the conical inlet (12) continues to open, while the ogival head (3) of the ball wraps around the axis of the bullet, revealing the front tip of the internal shaft (4) whose rigidity is greater than the body of the ball.
  • the wall of the ogival head of the ball is completely inverted and the body of the ball then has a mushroom shape without loss of material, while the internal arrow can be possibly detached.
  • the diameter of the bullet body thus deformed is approximately three times the original diameter.
  • the Figure 4 represents the invention applied to a sub-calibrated bullet (13) carrying a stabilizer (14) on its rear part, housed in a throwing shoe (15), the assembly being placed, in a usual manner, in a primed sleeve and charged, not shown.
  • the stepped nose (16) comprises a nose (17) whose large base has a diameter (identical to the diameter d 4 of the Figure 1 ) greater than the diameter of the front of the rear portion (18) of the warhead (16) (identical to the d-meter d 3 of the Figure 1 ).
  • the internal cavity (19) is substantially identical to the internal cavity (9) of the ball of the Figure 1 , and works in the same way to the impact on the target.
  • This under-calibrated bullet can be used in a shotgun with a smooth or weakly scratched gun for firing distances generally not exceeding 100 meters. This ball is stabilized on trajectory by the empenne (14).
  • the internal cavity (9) is constituted by two conical frustums joined by their large base, so that the frustoconical surface (20) of the rear part and the frustoconical surface (21) of the part before are joined along a line in the immediate vicinity of the constriction at the base of the ogival nose.
  • the distance l 1 between the plane of the orifice (8) and the junction line (22) between the two frustoconical surfaces (20) and (21) is equal to approximately 1.5 times the distance l 2 between the same line of the plane of the connecting line between the frustoconical surface (20) and the surface of the internal shaft (4).
  • the frustoconical surface (20) joins the outer surface of the inner shaft (4) slightly behind the front end thereof.
  • the junction (22) between the two frustoconical surfaces (20) and (21) is made in a rounded surface, or the frustoconical surface (20) is replaced by a spherical ring surface that is connected without rupture. on the frustoconical surface (21).
  • the Figure 6 represents, in half-view outside, a variant of the ball of the Figure 1 , having a crimping groove (23) on the theoretical connection (24) of the rear part (10) of the ogival head with the body (2) of the bale.
  • This rear portion (10) of the ogive has a convex profile.
  • the crimping groove (23) is here of rectangular section. It is intended to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of the ball in the cartridge.
  • the body (2) of the ball may include decompression grooves.
  • the orifice (8) may have rupture primers (25) which facilitate the partial opening of the ogival nose (7), thus accelerating the deformation of the head of the bullet during the impact on the target.

Claims (10)

  1. Kugel für eine Klein-, Mittel- oder Großkaliberwaffe, die dem Kaliber der Waffe entspricht oder unterkalibrig ist, vom Typ, der einen inneren Pfeil (4) mit einer Steifigkeit umfasst, die jener des Kugelkörpers gleich oder höher als dieser ist, wobei der Pfeil in einem in dem Kugelkörper entlang seiner Achse ausgebohrten Loch angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der innere Pfeil (4) in Bezug auf die Öffnung (8) des Lochs nach hinten versetzt ist, wobei das Loch, das sich auf der Achse befindet, ein Sackloch mit einem geringeren Durchmesser als der innere Pfeil (4) ist, und dass die Wand des spitzbogenförmigen Kopfs (3) des Kugelkörpers (2) in der Nähe der Öffnung des Lochs ein oder mehrere durch eine Einschnürung des spitzbogenförmigen Kopfs ausgebildete Verformungsauslöseelemente umfasst.
  2. Kugel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie in ihrem vorderen Teil einen Hohlraum (9) in konischer oder zylindrisch-konischer Form umfasst, deren große Grundfläche durch die Vorderfläche des Pfeils (4) im Inneren begrenzt ist.
  3. Kugel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verformungsauslöseelemente des spitzbogenförmigen Kopfs durch eine Einschnürung des spitzbogenförmigen Kopfs ausgebildet sind, welche die spitzbogenförmige Spitze (7) vom hinteren Teil (10) der Geschossspitze (7) trennt.
  4. Kugel nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Querschnitt der großen Grundfläche der spitzbogenförmigen Spitze (7) etwas größer als jener des Vorderteils des hinteren Teils (10) der Geschossspitze ist.
  5. Kugel nach einem der Ansprüche 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einschnürung auf der Höhe der Grundfläche des konischen oder zylindrisch-konischen inneren Hohlraums (9), der vor dem inneren Pfeil (4) ausgebildet ist, oder etwas vor dieser Grundfläche angeordnet ist.
  6. Kugel nach einem der Ansprüche 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der innere Hohlraum (9) eine zylindrisch-konische Form aufweist und die Einschnürung auf der Höhe der Verbindungslinie (22) der konischen und der zylindrischen Fläche angeordnet ist.
  7. Kugel nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in der Wand der Geschossspitze ausgebildete Einschnürung eine Zurückversetzung zwischen der großen Grundfläche der spitzbogenförmigen Spitze (7) und dem vorderen Ende des hinteren Teils (10) der Geschossspitze bildet, wobei die Höhe dieser Seitenverschiebung zwischen 0,05 und 1 mm liegt.
  8. Kugel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis des Durchmessers d1 der Öffnung zu dem Durchmesser d des inneren Pfeils zwischen 0,1:1 und 0,9:1 liegt.
  9. Kugel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spitze (7) der Geschossspitze eine Abflachung (6) umfasst, deren Außendurchmesser d2 so gewählt ist, dass das Verhältnis d2/d zwischen 0,3:1 und 1,5:1 liegt.
  10. Kugel nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis d2/d zwischen 0,6:1 und 1:1 liegt, während der Durchmesser d1 der Öffnung so gewählt ist, dass das Verhältnis d1/d zwischen 0,3:1 und 0,6:1 liegt.
EP04787338A 2003-09-10 2004-09-09 Jagdkugel mit verringertem aerodynamischem widerstand Active EP1664663B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200431060T SI1664663T1 (sl) 2003-09-10 2004-09-09 Lovska krogla z zmanjĺ anim aerodinamiäśnim uporom
PL04787338T PL1664663T3 (pl) 2003-09-10 2004-09-09 Pocisk dla broni myśliwskiej o zmniejszonym oporze aerodynamicznym

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0310655A FR2859523B1 (fr) 2003-09-10 2003-09-10 Balle de chasse a trainee aerodynamique reduite
PCT/FR2004/002289 WO2005026653A1 (fr) 2003-09-10 2004-09-09 Balle de chasse a trainee aerodynamique reduite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1664663A1 EP1664663A1 (de) 2006-06-07
EP1664663B1 true EP1664663B1 (de) 2008-12-31

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EP04787338A Active EP1664663B1 (de) 2003-09-10 2004-09-09 Jagdkugel mit verringertem aerodynamischem widerstand

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US7814837B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1664663B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE419506T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2538154C (de)
DE (1) DE602004018796D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2320456T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2859523B1 (de)
HR (1) HRP20090166T1 (de)
PL (1) PL1664663T3 (de)
PT (1) PT1664663E (de)
RS (1) RS50922B (de)
SI (1) SI1664663T1 (de)
WO (1) WO2005026653A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA200602838B (de)

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US7966937B1 (en) 2006-07-01 2011-06-28 Jason Stewart Jackson Non-newtonian projectile
US8186277B1 (en) * 2007-04-11 2012-05-29 Nosler, Inc. Lead-free bullet for use in a wide range of impact velocities
US10321841B2 (en) * 2010-05-26 2019-06-18 Flint Hills Scientific, Llc Quantitative multivariate analysis of seizures
RU2491500C1 (ru) * 2012-06-14 2013-08-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Конструкторское бюро автоматических линий имени Льва Николаевича Кошкина" (ОАО "КБАЛ им. Л.Н. Кошкина") Патрон охотничий для нарезного оружия
US9631910B2 (en) * 2013-12-31 2017-04-25 Lehigh Defense, LLC Expanding subsonic projectile and cartridge utilizing same
US11268791B1 (en) 2014-05-23 2022-03-08 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Handgun cartridge with shear groove bullet
US9341455B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2016-05-17 Lehigh Defense, LLC Expanding subsonic projectile and cartridge utilizing same
US10222187B2 (en) * 2016-07-11 2019-03-05 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Hunting projectile
US11313657B1 (en) * 2016-11-14 2022-04-26 Erik Agazim Multi-piece projectile with an insert formed via a powder metallurgy process
USD858682S1 (en) 2017-10-25 2019-09-03 Count-On Tools, Inc. Handgun projectile
USD855141S1 (en) 2017-10-25 2019-07-30 Count-On Tools, Inc. Projectile
WO2019084164A1 (en) 2017-10-25 2019-05-02 Count-On Tools, Inc. CARTRIDGE
US10823539B1 (en) 2017-11-14 2020-11-03 Sme Engineering (Pty) Ltd Expanding subsonic bullet
US11428517B2 (en) * 2019-09-20 2022-08-30 Npee L.C. Projectile with insert
RU202778U1 (ru) * 2020-02-13 2021-03-05 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Информационные технологии" (ООО "ИнфоТех") Твердосплавной сердечник

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2859523B1 (fr) 2005-12-02
DE602004018796D1 (de) 2009-02-12
ATE419506T1 (de) 2009-01-15
PT1664663E (pt) 2009-04-02
RS50922B (sr) 2010-08-31
WO2005026653A1 (fr) 2005-03-24
US20070028793A1 (en) 2007-02-08
PL1664663T3 (pl) 2009-06-30
ZA200602838B (en) 2007-06-27
EP1664663A1 (de) 2006-06-07
CA2538154A1 (fr) 2005-03-24
RS20060243A (en) 2008-04-04
ES2320456T3 (es) 2009-05-22
US7814837B2 (en) 2010-10-19
CA2538154C (fr) 2012-02-14
SI1664663T1 (sl) 2009-06-30
HRP20090166T1 (en) 2009-05-31
FR2859523A1 (fr) 2005-03-11

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