EP1664511B1 - Method for determining the drive voltage of a piezoelectric actuator of an injection valve - Google Patents
Method for determining the drive voltage of a piezoelectric actuator of an injection valve Download PDFInfo
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- EP1664511B1 EP1664511B1 EP04762364A EP04762364A EP1664511B1 EP 1664511 B1 EP1664511 B1 EP 1664511B1 EP 04762364 A EP04762364 A EP 04762364A EP 04762364 A EP04762364 A EP 04762364A EP 1664511 B1 EP1664511 B1 EP 1664511B1
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- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- injector
- drive voltage
- adjustment
- pressure
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
- F02D41/2096—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
- F02D41/2464—Characteristics of actuators
- F02D41/2467—Characteristics of actuators for injectors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining the drive voltage of a piezoelectric actuator of an injection valve according to the preamble of claim 1.
- From the DE 100 32 022 A1 shows a method for determining the drive voltage for a piezoelectric actuator of an injection valve, in which before the next injection initially the pressure in a hydraulic coupler is measured indirectly.
- the pressure is measured by the fact that the piezoelectric actuator is mechanically coupled to the hydraulic coupler, so that the pressure induces a corresponding voltage in the piezo actuator.
- This induced voltage is used before the next injection process for correcting the drive voltage ua for the actuator. Too low an induced voltage is used to detect an injection misfire.
- the injection valve is preferably used for fuel injection for a gasoline or diesel engine, in particular for common rail systems.
- the pressure in the hydraulic coupler also depends on the rail pressure, so that the drive voltage is varied as a function of the rail pressure.
- the voltage requirement of a piezoelectric actuator depends primarily on the pressure in the valve chamber and on the linear expansion of the piezoelectric actuator.
- the voltage necessary for the proper operation of the injector at an operating point is the so-called voltage requirement, that is, the relationship between tension and lift at a given force that is proportional to the rail pressure.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to compensate for this drift in the voltage requirement.
- This object is achieved by a method for determining the drive voltage of a piezoelectric actuator of an injection valve having the features of claim 1.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to compensate for the drift in the voltage requirement by adapting the voltage setpoint and thus to ensure that the required, nominal actuator stroke is achieved and the correct and desired operation of the injector over the entire service life is ensured.
- An adaptation of the voltage requirement also has the advantage that does not have to be controlled in principle with a very high voltage bias, resulting in significant benefits in terms of power consumption / power loss.
- the adaptation of the voltage requirement can also be used for diagnostic purposes, for example, to output an error message in the event of an inadmissibly high drift in the voltage requirement.
- the control of the drift of the voltage requirement is advantageously carried out during a driving cycle of a vehicle having the internal combustion engine, wherein the correction values determined during the driving cycle are stored in a non-volatile memory. This in particular opens up the possibility of using the correction values stored in the memory in a later driving cycle as initialization values for a further compensation of the drift in the voltage requirement.
- a release logic is preferably provided, which is an adaptation of the drift the voltage requirement as a function of the internal combustion engine and / or the injection valve characterizing parameters releases.
- These parameters are, for example, the temperature of the internal combustion engine and / or the rail pressure and / or the stationary state of the voltage regulation and / or the state of the charging time regulation and / or the stationary state of other subordinate control circuits and / or the number of injections and / or the activation duration and / or the injection sequence per cycle, that is to say in a sense the injection pattern (pilot injection (s), main injection, post-injection (s)).
- the compensation of the voltage requirement at different operating points with respect to the rail pressure wherein the correction values are stored in Korrekturkennfeldem, which are then stored in non-volatile memory, such as an E 2 PROM.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a known from the prior art injection valve 1 with a central bore.
- an actuating piston 3 In the upper part of an actuating piston 3 is introduced with a piezoelectric actuator 2 in the central bore, wherein the actuating piston 3 is fixedly connected to the actuator 2.
- the actuating piston 3 closes upwards a hydraulic coupler 4, while at the bottom an opening with a connecting channel to a first seat 6 is provided, in which a piston 5 is arranged with a valve closing member 12.
- the valve closing member 12 is formed as a double-closing control valve. It closes the first seat 6 when the actuator 2 is at rest.
- a nozzle needle 11 is arranged in a corresponding channel, which closes or opens the outlet in a high pressure channel (common rail pressure) 13, depending on which drive voltage Ua is applied.
- the high pressure is transmitted through the medium to be injected, for example fuel for an internal combustion engine an inlet 9, via an inlet throttle 8 and an outlet throttle 10, the inflow amount of the medium in the direction of the nozzle needle 11 and the hydraulic coupler 4 is controlled.
- the hydraulic coupler 4 has the task on the one hand to increase the stroke of the piston 5 and on the other hand to decouple the control valve from the static temperature expansion of the actuator 2. The refilling of the coupler 4 is not shown here.
- a high pressure which may be in the common rail system, for example, between 200 and 2000 bar. This pressure acts against the nozzle needle 11 and keeps it closed, so that no fuel can escape. If, as a result of the control voltage Ua, the actuator 2 is actuated, and thus the closure member 12 is moved in the direction of the second seat, the pressure in the high-pressure region is reduced and the nozzle needle 11 releases the injection channel.
- P 1 is the so-called coupler pressure, as measured in the hydraulic coupler 4.
- a stationary pressure P 1 which is for example 1/10 of the pressure in the high pressure part. After discharging the actuator 2, the coupler pressure P 1 is approximately 0 and is raised again by refilling.
- the stroke and the force of the actuator 2 now correlate with the voltage with which the actuator 2 is charged. Since the force is proportional to the rail pressure, the voltage for a required Aktorhub for safe reaching the seat 7 must be adjusted railtikin.
- the voltage necessary for the proper operation of the injection valve or injector 1 at an operating point is the so-called voltage requirement, that is to say the relationship between voltage and stroke at a certain force, which is proportional to the rail pressure. From the DE 103 15 815 A1 shows how out of the voltage difference between maximum actuator voltage and stationary end voltage of the individual, current voltage requirement of an injector can be derived.
- This drift now drifts over the life of the injector 1.
- the drift causes the operating point-dependent predetermined actuator voltage no longer ensures proper operation of the injector 1 at the specified operating point, resulting in errors in the injection quantity with consequences on exhaust emissions / noise, up to a Failure of the injector leads, namely, when the hub is no longer sufficient to open the nozzle needle 11.
- the method described below makes it possible to compensate for this drift of the voltage requirement injector-individual.
- the basic idea of the invention is to compensate for the drift of the voltage requirement by adapting the voltage setpoint and thus to ensure that the required nominal actuator stroke can be achieved and the proper and desired operation of the injector 1 can be ensured over its entire service life.
- the function of the actuator 2 is ensured, but on the other hand, the above-described errors of the injection quantity are avoided.
- Such an adaptation of the voltage requirement also avoids, basically to control with a very high voltage reserve, which is particularly advantageous in terms of power consumption / power loss of a control device and further reduces the wear of the actuator 2, since the actuator 2 does not over a lifetime with a large Voltage reserve must be operated, which leads to an excessive force in the valve seat.
- a diagnosis of the entire injection valve can also take place, for example if an impermissibly high drift in the voltage requirement is detected.
- the adaptation of the drift of the voltage requirement is based on an injector-specific regulation of the voltage difference between the switch-off voltage threshold U Ab and the measured, stationary final voltage U Rule (cf. Fig. 2 ) to a required for an operating point setpoint .DELTA.U soll , with the required Aktorhub a non drifted, the means nominally behaving injector correlated.
- This regulation intervenes in a corrective manner by injector-specific adaptation of the nominal actuator voltage, as described below in connection with FIG Fig. 3 will be described in more detail.
- an actuator target voltage U soll is calculated.
- the difference ⁇ U is the cut-off voltage U Ab and the control voltage U rule continuously determined.
- This difference .DELTA.U is compared with a predetermined size .DELTA.U soll , wherein in a node 320, the difference of the size .DELTA.U soll and .DELTA.U is determined.
- This difference e ⁇ U forms the input variable for an example PI controller, wherein in each case for the individual cylinders different controllers 331, 332, 33n are provided. In these controls each individual cylinder correction signals S1, S2, S n are determined and output, where n is the number of cylinders, respectively.
- the correction values are either multiplied by the setpoint voltage U soll determined in the arithmetic unit 310 or added to it as an alternative, which is indicated by connection points 341, 342.
- the corrected values U sollkorr determined in this way are supplied to an actuator voltage control device 350 which determines the switch-off voltage threshold U Ab .
- This Abschaltwoodsschwelle U From now along with the self-adjusting stationary terminal voltage U usually turn to determine the difference .DELTA.U is used.
- the correction values S1, S2, .... S n learned during a drive cycle are preferably stored in a nonvolatile memory 360, for example in an E 2 PROM, after the end of the drive cycle and used as initialization values for the further adaptation before the beginning of the following drive cycle as it is in Fig. 3 is schematically represented by an arrow labeled "INIT" arrow 362. It should be noted at this point that for the calculation of the voltage difference .DELTA.U is not for the above-described method, the maximum voltage U max (see. Fig.
- a release logic circuit implemented in a circuit unit 370 is provided which monitors typical parameters for enabling the adaptation.
- These parameters of the internal combustion engine and / or the injection valve are for example the temperature of the internal combustion engine and / or the rail pressure and / or the stationary state of the voltage regulation and / or the state of the charging time control and / or the stationary state of other subordinate control circuits and / or the number of Injections and / or the control duration and / or the injection sequence per cycle, that is, in a sense, the injection pattern (pre-injection (s), main injection, post-injection (s)).
- Whether, for example, a stationary state of the voltage control is present, is checked by comparing the size U sollkorr and U rule . Only when U sollkorr and U generally match, are determined by the switching unit 370 the PI controller 331, activated 332 ... 33n so that the above-described adjustment of the difference .DELTA.U is to .DELTA.U can take place, and thereby can be adapted to the drift of the voltage requirement to ,
- the test shows that the actuator voltage regulation is not stationary, ie if U sollkorr deviates from U rule , then the PI controllers 331, 332,... 33n are switched off by the enable logic circuit unit 370 and the correction values S1, S2,. .. S n remain unchanged, are frozen in a sense.
- the correction of the voltage setpoint at the switching points 341/342 continues to take place with the previously learned values S1, S2, ... S n .
- Such a "freezing" of the correction values is possible because the injector drift is very slow.
- the above-described method can initially be carried out only at one operating point (rail pressure) and the correction values obtained can be used for all operating points. To increase the accuracy of the method can also be performed at several different operating points (rail printing).
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Ansteuerspannung eines piezoelektrischen Aktors eines Einspritzventils nach der Gattung des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for determining the drive voltage of a piezoelectric actuator of an injection valve according to the preamble of claim 1.
Aus der
Die Ableitung des aktuellen Spannungsbedarfs eines Injektors aus der Spannungsdifferenz zwischen maximaler Aktorspannung und stationärer Endspannung geht aus der
Problematisch ist nun, daß der Spannungsbedarf eines Injektors über die Lebensdauer des Injektors driftet. Diese Drift bewirkt, daß die arbeitspunktabhängig vorgegebene Aktorspannung keinen ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb des Injektors an einem vorgegebenen Betriebspunkt gewährleistet. Dies führt zu Fehlern in der Einspritzmenge, die wiederum negative Abgaswerte und negative Geräuschemissionen verursachen. Im ungünstigsten Fall kann es sogar zu einem Ausfall der Einspritzung und somit zum Ausfall des Injektors kommen, nämlich dann, wenn der Hub nicht mehr zum Öffnen einer Düsennadel ausreicht.The problem now is that the voltage requirement of an injector drifts over the life of the injector. This drift causes the operating point-dependent predetermined actuator voltage does not ensure proper operation of the injector at a predetermined operating point. This leads to errors in the injection quantity, which in turn cause negative emissions and negative noise emissions. In the worst case, it can even lead to a failure of the injection and thus the failure of the injector, namely, when the hub is no longer sufficient to open a nozzle needle.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Drift des Spannungsbedarfs zu kompensieren.The invention is therefore based on the object to compensate for this drift in the voltage requirement.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Ansteuerspannung eines piezoelektrischen Aktors eines Einspritzventils mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht es, die Drift des Spannungsbedarfs durch eine Anpassung des Spannungssollwertes auszugleichen und somit sicherzustellen, daß der geforderte, nominelle Aktorhub erreicht und der ordnungs- und wunschgemäße Betrieb des Injektors über die gesamte Lebensdauer sichergestellt ist. Eine Adaption des Spannungsbedarfs hat zudem den Vorteil, daß nicht grundsätzlich mit einem sehr hohen Spannungsvorhalt angesteuert werden muß, wodurch sich erhebliche Vorteile in bezug auf die Leistungsaufnahme/Verlustleistung ergeben. Darüber hinaus kann die Adaption des Spannungsbedarfs auch zu Diagnosezwecken verwendet werden, um beispielsweise bei einer unzulässig hohen Drift des Spannungsbedarfs eine Fehlermeldung auszugeben.This object is achieved by a method for determining the drive voltage of a piezoelectric actuator of an injection valve having the features of claim 1. The method according to the invention makes it possible to compensate for the drift in the voltage requirement by adapting the voltage setpoint and thus to ensure that the required, nominal actuator stroke is achieved and the correct and desired operation of the injector over the entire service life is ensured. An adaptation of the voltage requirement also has the advantage that does not have to be controlled in principle with a very high voltage bias, resulting in significant benefits in terms of power consumption / power loss. In addition, the adaptation of the voltage requirement can also be used for diagnostic purposes, for example, to output an error message in the event of an inadmissibly high drift in the voltage requirement.
Durch die in den abhängigen Ansprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Verfahrens möglich.The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements of the main claim method are possible.
Die Regelung der Drift des Spannungsbedarfs erfolgt vorteilhafterweise während eines Fahrzyklus eines die Brennkraftmaschine aufweisenden Fahrzeugs, wobei die während des Fahrzyklus ermittelten Korrekturwerte in einem nichtflüchtigen Speicher gespeichert werden. Hierdurch wird insbesondere die Möglichkeit eröffnet, die in dem Speicher gespeicherten Korrekturwerte in einem späteren Fahrzyklus als Initialisierungswerte für eine weitere Kompensation der Drift des Spannungsbedarfs zu verwenden.The control of the drift of the voltage requirement is advantageously carried out during a driving cycle of a vehicle having the internal combustion engine, wherein the correction values determined during the driving cycle are stored in a non-volatile memory. This in particular opens up the possibility of using the correction values stored in the memory in a later driving cycle as initialization values for a further compensation of the drift in the voltage requirement.
Um sicherzustellen, daß eine Anpassung nur bei einer tatsächlichen Drift des Spannungsbedarfs vorgenommen wird, das heißt nicht nachgeregelt wird, wenn nur temporäre, kleinere Abweichungen, die zum Beispiel durch Temperatureffekte hervorgerufen werden, vorliegen, ist vorzugsweise eine Freigabelogik vorgesehen, die eine Adaption der Drift des Spannungsbedarfs in Abhängigkeit von die Brennkraftmaschine und/oder das Einspritzventil charakterisierenden Parametern freigibt.To ensure that an adjustment is made only in an actual drift of the voltage requirement, that is not readjusted when only temporary, smaller deviations, which are caused for example by temperature effects, are present, a release logic is preferably provided, which is an adaptation of the drift the voltage requirement as a function of the internal combustion engine and / or the injection valve characterizing parameters releases.
Diese Parameter sind beispielsweise die Temperatur der Brennkraftmaschine und/oder der Raildruck und/oder der stationäre Zustand der Spannungsregelung und/oder der Zustand der Ladezeitregelung und/oder der stationäre Zustand anderer unterlagerter Regelkreise und/oder die Anzahl der Einspritzungen und/oder die Ansteuerdauer und/oder die Einspritzsequenz pro Arbeitsspiel, das heißt gewissermaßen das Einspritzmuster (Voreinspritzung(en), Haupteinspritzung, Nacheinspritzung(en)).These parameters are, for example, the temperature of the internal combustion engine and / or the rail pressure and / or the stationary state of the voltage regulation and / or the state of the charging time regulation and / or the stationary state of other subordinate control circuits and / or the number of injections and / or the activation duration and / or the injection sequence per cycle, that is to say in a sense the injection pattern (pilot injection (s), main injection, post-injection (s)).
Besonders vorteilhaft erfolgt die Kompensation des Spannungsbedarfs bei verschiedenen Arbeitspunkten bezüglich des Raildrucks, wobei die Korrekturwerte in Korrekturkennfeldem abgelegt werden, die dann auch im nichtflüchtigen Speicher, beispielsweise einem E2-PROM gespeichert werden.Particularly advantageously, the compensation of the voltage requirement at different operating points with respect to the rail pressure, wherein the correction values are stored in Korrekturkennfeldem, which are then stored in non-volatile memory, such as an E 2 PROM.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie der zeichnerischen Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung.Further advantages and features of the invention are the subject of the following description and the drawings of an embodiment of the invention.
In der Zeichnung zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- den schematischen Aufbau eines aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Ein- spritzventils;
- Fig. 2
- schematisch ein Schaubild der Aktorspannung über der Zeit während einer Ansteuerung und
- Fig. 3
- schematisch ein Blockschaltbild einer von dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren Gebrauch machenden Regeleinrichtung.
- Fig. 1
- the schematic structure of a known from the prior art injection valve;
- Fig. 2
- schematically a graph of the actuator voltage over time during a drive and
- Fig. 3
- schematically a block diagram of making use of the inventive method making control device.
Nachfolgend wird die Funktionsweise dieses Einspritzventils näher erläutert. Bei jeder Ansteuerung des Aktors 2 wird der Stellkolben 3 in Richtung des hydraulischen Kopplers 4 bewegt. Dabei bewegt sich auch der Kolben 5 mit dem Verschließglied 12 auf den zweiten Sitz 7 zu. Über Leckspalte wird dabei ein Teil des im hydraulischen Koppler 4 befindlichen Mediums, beispielsweise der Kraftstoff, herausgedrückt. Zwischen zwei Einspritzungen muß daher der hydraulische Koppler 4 wiederbefüllt werden, um seine Funktionssicherheit zu erhalten.The operation of this injector will be explained in more detail below. Each time the actuator 2 is actuated, the actuating piston 3 is moved in the direction of the hydraulic coupler 4. In this case, the piston 5 moves with the closing member 12 to the second seat 7. About leak gaps while a part of the hydraulic coupler 4 located in the medium, for example, the fuel pushed out. Between two injections, therefore, the hydraulic coupler 4 must be refilled to maintain its functional safety.
Über den Zulaufkanal 9 herrscht ein hoher Druck, der beim Common-Rail-System beispielsweise zwischen 200 und 2000 bar betragen kann. Dieser Druck wirkt gegen die Düsennadel 11 und hält sie geschlossen, so daß kein Kraftstoff austreten kann. Wird nun infolge der Ansteuerspannung Ua der Aktor 2 betätigt und damit das Verschlußglied 12 in Richtung des zweiten Sitzes bewegt, baut sich der Druck im Hochdruckbereich ab und die Düsennadel 11 gibt den Einspritzkanal frei. Mit P1 ist der sogenannte Kopplerdruck bezeichnet, wie er im hydraulischen Koppler 4 gemessen wird. Im Koppler 4 stellt sich ohne Ansteuerung Ua ein stationärer Druck P1 ein, der beispielsweise 1/10 des Drucks im Hochdruckteil ist. Nach dem Entladen des Aktors 2 ist der Kopplerdruck P1 näherungsweise 0 und wird durch Wiederbefüllung wieder angehoben.About the inlet channel 9, there is a high pressure, which may be in the common rail system, for example, between 200 and 2000 bar. This pressure acts against the nozzle needle 11 and keeps it closed, so that no fuel can escape. If, as a result of the control voltage Ua, the actuator 2 is actuated, and thus the closure member 12 is moved in the direction of the second seat, the pressure in the high-pressure region is reduced and the nozzle needle 11 releases the injection channel. P 1 is the so-called coupler pressure, as measured in the hydraulic coupler 4. In the coupler 4 is set without control Ua a stationary pressure P 1 , which is for example 1/10 of the pressure in the high pressure part. After discharging the actuator 2, the coupler pressure P 1 is approximately 0 and is raised again by refilling.
Der Hub und die Kraft des Aktors 2 korrelieren nun mit der Spannung, mit der der Aktor 2 aufgeladen wird. Da die Kraft proportional zum Raildruck ist, muß die Spannung für einen geforderten Aktorhub zum sicheren Erreichen des Sitzes 7 raildruckabhängig angepaßt werden. Die zum ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb des Einspritzventils oder Injektors 1 an einem Arbeitspunkt notwendige Spannung ist der sogenannte Spannungsbedarf, das heißt der Zusammenhang zwischen Spannung und Hub bei einer bestimmten Kraft, die proportional zum Raildruck ist. Aus der
Dieser Spannungsbedarf driftet nun über die Lebensdauer des Injektors 1. Die Drift bewirkt, daß die arbeitspunktabhängige vorgegebene Aktorspannung nicht mehr einen ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb des Injektors 1 am spezifizierten Betriebspunkt gewährleistet, was zu Fehlern in der Einspritzmenge mit Konsequenzen auf Abgaswerte/Geräusch, bis hin zu einem Ausfall des Injektors, führt, wenn nämlich der Hub nicht mehr zum Öffnen der Düsennadel 11 ausreicht. Das nachfolgend beschriebene Verfahren ermöglicht es, diese Drift des Spannungsbedarfs injektorindividuell zu kompensieren.This drift now drifts over the life of the injector 1. The drift causes the operating point-dependent predetermined actuator voltage no longer ensures proper operation of the injector 1 at the specified operating point, resulting in errors in the injection quantity with consequences on exhaust emissions / noise, up to a Failure of the injector leads, namely, when the hub is no longer sufficient to open the nozzle needle 11. The method described below makes it possible to compensate for this drift of the voltage requirement injector-individual.
Grundidee der Erfindung ist es, die Drift des Spannungsbedarfs durch eine Anpassung des Spannungssollwertes auszugleichen und somit sicherzustellen, daß der geforderte nominelle Aktorhub erreicht und der ordnungs- und wunschgemäße Betrieb des Injektors 1 über dessen gesamte Lebensdauer sichergestellt werden kann. Damit werden zum einen die Funktion des Aktors 2 sichergestellt, aber zum anderen auch die vorbeschriebenen Fehler der Einspritzmenge vermieden.The basic idea of the invention is to compensate for the drift of the voltage requirement by adapting the voltage setpoint and thus to ensure that the required nominal actuator stroke can be achieved and the proper and desired operation of the injector 1 can be ensured over its entire service life. Thus, on the one hand, the function of the actuator 2 is ensured, but on the other hand, the above-described errors of the injection quantity are avoided.
Eine solche Adaption des Spannungsbedarfs vermeidet auch, grundsätzlich mit einem sehr hohen Spannungsvorhalt anzusteuern, was insbesondere in bezug auf die Leistungsaufnahme/Verlustleistung einer Steuereinrichtung vorteilhaft ist und ferner den Verschleiß des Aktors 2 reduziert, da der Aktor 2 nicht über eine gesamte Lebensdauer mit einem großen Spannungsvorhalt betrieben werden muß, der zu einem zu hohen Kraftüberschuß im Ventilsitz führt.Such an adaptation of the voltage requirement also avoids, basically to control with a very high voltage reserve, which is particularly advantageous in terms of power consumption / power loss of a control device and further reduces the wear of the actuator 2, since the actuator 2 does not over a lifetime with a large Voltage reserve must be operated, which leads to an excessive force in the valve seat.
Darüber hinaus kann durch Überwachung des Korrektureingriffs der Adaption auch eine Diagnose des gesamten Einspritzventils erfolgen, beispielsweise wenn eine unzulässig hohe Drift des Spannungsbedarfs festgestellt wird.In addition, by monitoring the correction intervention of the adaptation, a diagnosis of the entire injection valve can also take place, for example if an impermissibly high drift in the voltage requirement is detected.
Die Adaption der Drift des Spannungsbedarfs basiert auf einer injektorindividuellen Regelung der Spannungsdifferenz zwischen Abschaltspannungsschwelle UAb und gemessener, stationärer Endspannung URegel (vgl.
In einer Recheneinheit 310 wird eine Aktorsollspannung Usoll berechnet. Während des Fahrzyklus wird fortwährend die Differenz ΔUist der Abschaltspannung UAb und der Regelspannung URegel bestimmt. Diese Differenz ΔUist wird mit einer vorgegebenen Größe ΔUsoll verglichen, wobei in einem Verknüpfungspunkt 320 die Differenz der Größe ΔUsoll und ΔUist bestimmt wird. Diese Differenz eΔU bildet die Eingangsgröße für einen beispielsweise PI-Regler, wobei jeweils für die einzelnen Zylinder unterschiedliche Regler 331, 332, 33n vorgesehen sind. In diesen Reglern werden jeweils zylinderindividuelle Korrektursignale S1, S2, Sn bestimmt und ausgegeben, wobei n die Zahl der Zylinder bezeichnet.In a computing unit 310, an actuator target voltage U soll is calculated. During the driving cycle, the difference ΔU is the cut-off voltage U Ab and the control voltage U rule continuously determined. This difference .DELTA.U is compared with a predetermined size .DELTA.U soll , wherein in a node 320, the difference of the size .DELTA.U soll and .DELTA.U is determined. This difference e ΔU forms the input variable for an example PI controller, wherein in each case for the individual cylinders different controllers 331, 332, 33n are provided. In these controls each individual cylinder correction signals S1, S2, S n are determined and output, where n is the number of cylinders, respectively.
Die Korrekturwerte werden entweder mit der in der Recheneinheit 310 bestimmten Sollspannung Usoll multipliziert oder alternativ zu dieser addiert, was durch Verknüpfungspunkte 341, 342 angedeutet ist. Die so ermittelten korrigierten Werte Usollkorr werden einer Aktorspannungsregeleinrichtung 350 zugeführt, welche die Abschaltspannungsschwelle UAb ermittelt. Diese Abschaltspannungsschwelle UAb wird nun zusammen mit der sich einstellenden stationären Endspannung URegel wiederum zur Bestimmung der Differenz ΔUist herangezogen.The correction values are either multiplied by the setpoint voltage U soll determined in the arithmetic unit 310 or added to it as an alternative, which is indicated by connection points 341, 342. The corrected values U sollkorr determined in this way are supplied to an actuator voltage control device 350 which determines the switch-off voltage threshold U Ab . This Abschaltspannungsschwelle U From now along with the self-adjusting stationary terminal voltage U usually turn to determine the difference .DELTA.U is used.
Die während eines Fahrzyklus gelernten Korrekturwerte S1, S2, .... Sn werden vorzugsweise nach Beendigung des Fahrzyklus in einem nichtflüchtigen Speicher 360, beispielsweise in einem E2-PROM, gespeichert und vor Beginn des darauffolgenden Fahrzyklus als Initialisierungswerte für die weitere Adaption verwendet, wie es in
Um sicherzustellen, daß die Adaption nur bei einer tatsächlich vorhandenen Drift des Spannungsbedarfs vorgenommen wird, das heißt die Regler 331, 332, 33n nur in diesem Falle regeln und nicht etwa bei temporären kleineren Abweichungen, die beispielsweise durch Temperatureffekte, durch den dynamischen Betrieb usw. hervorgerufen werden, ist eine in einer Schaltungseinheit 370 implementierte Freigabelogik-Schaltung vorgesehen, welche typische Parameter für die Freigabe der Adaption überwacht. Diese Parameter der Brennkraftmaschine und/oder des Einspritzventils sind beispielsweise die Temperatur der Brennkraftmaschine und/oder der Raildruck und/oder der stationäre Zustand der Spannungsregelung und/oder der Zustand der Ladezeitregelung und/oder der stationäre Zustand anderer unterlagerter Regelkreise und/oder die Anzahl der Einspritzungen und/oder die Ansteuerdauer und/oder die Einspritzsequenz pro Arbeitsspiel, das heißt gewissermaßen das Einspritzmuster (Voreinspritzung(en), Haupteinspritzung, Nacheinspritzung(en)). Ob beispielsweise ein stationärer Zustand der Spannungsregelung vorliegt, wird durch Vergleich der Größe Usollkorr und URegel überprüft. Nur wenn Usollkorr und URegel übereinstimmen, werden von der Schaltungseinheit 370 die PI-Regler 331, 332 ... 33n freigeschaltet, so daß die vorbeschriebene Anpassung der Differenz ΔUist an ΔUsoll stattfinden kann und dadurch die Drift des Spannungsbedarfs adaptiert werden kann.To ensure that the adaptation is made only with an actual existing drift of the voltage requirement, that is, the controller 331, 332, 33n regulate only in this case and not for temporary smaller deviations, for example, by temperature effects, by the dynamic operation, etc. A release logic circuit implemented in a circuit unit 370 is provided which monitors typical parameters for enabling the adaptation. These parameters of the internal combustion engine and / or the injection valve are for example the temperature of the internal combustion engine and / or the rail pressure and / or the stationary state of the voltage regulation and / or the state of the charging time control and / or the stationary state of other subordinate control circuits and / or the number of Injections and / or the control duration and / or the injection sequence per cycle, that is, in a sense, the injection pattern (pre-injection (s), main injection, post-injection (s)). Whether, for example, a stationary state of the voltage control is present, is checked by comparing the size U sollkorr and U rule . Only when U sollkorr and U generally match, are determined by the switching unit 370 the PI controller 331, activated 332 ... 33n so that the above-described adjustment of the difference .DELTA.U is to .DELTA.U can take place, and thereby can be adapted to the drift of the voltage requirement to ,
Wenn die Prüfung dagegen ergibt, daß die Aktorspannungsregelung nicht stationär ist, wenn also Usollkorr von URegel abweicht, werden durch die Freigabelogik-Schaltungseinheit 370 die PI-Regler 331, 332, ... 33n abgeschaltet und die Korrekturwerte S1, S2, ... Sn bleiben unverändert, werden gewissermaßen eingefroren. Die Korrektor des Spannungssollwerts an den Schaltpunkten 341/342 erfolgt weiterhin mit den bis dahin erlernten Werten S1, S2, ... Sn. Ein solches "Einfrieren" der Korrekturwerte ist möglich, da die Injektordrift sehr langsam erfolgt.If, on the other hand, the test shows that the actuator voltage regulation is not stationary, ie if U sollkorr deviates from U rule , then the PI controllers 331, 332,... 33n are switched off by the enable logic circuit unit 370 and the correction values S1, S2,. .. S n remain unchanged, are frozen in a sense. The correction of the voltage setpoint at the switching points 341/342 continues to take place with the previously learned values S1, S2, ... S n . Such a "freezing" of the correction values is possible because the injector drift is very slow.
Das vorbeschriebene Verfahren kann zunächst nur an einem Arbeitspunkt (Raildruck) vorgenommen werden und die gewonnenen Korrekturwerte für alle Arbeitspunkte verwendet werden. Zur Erhöhung der Genauigkeit kann das Verfahren auch an mehreren unterschiedlichen Arbeitspunkten (Raildrucken) durchgeführt werden.The above-described method can initially be carried out only at one operating point (rail pressure) and the correction values obtained can be used for all operating points. To increase the accuracy of the method can also be performed at several different operating points (rail printing).
Darüber hinaus ist hervorzuheben, daß der Vergleich eines injektorindividuellen Korrekturwertes S1, S2, ...Sn, der ein Maß für die Abweichung des Spannungsbedarfs von der Norm darstellt, mit einem vorgebbaren Schwellwert, zusätzlich zu Diagnosezwecken verwendet werden kann. Auf diese Weise ist eine Diagnose des Systems Aktor 2, Koppler 4 und Schaltventil, gebildet durch das Ventilschließglied 12 möglich.In addition, it should be emphasized that the comparison of an injector-individual correction value S 1 , S 2 ,... S n , which represents a measure of the deviation of the voltage requirement from the norm, with a predefinable threshold value can be used in addition to diagnostic purposes. In this way, a diagnosis of the system actuator 2, coupler 4 and switching valve, formed by the valve closing member 12 is possible.
Claims (6)
- Method for determining the drive voltage of a piezoelectric actuator of at least one injector, with which the quantity of fluid is injected under high pressure into a cavity, wherein the drive voltage is varied as a function of the pressure to which the quantity fluid is subjected, characterized in that drifting of the drive voltage (Usetp) which is required for a predefined degree of travel of the switching valve of the injector is adapted on an injector-specific basis by adjusting the difference (ΔUset), between a deactivation threshold voltage (Udeact) and the steady-state final voltage (Uadjust) which is set, to a setpoint value (ΔUsetp), predefined for a working point.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the adjustment takes place during a driving cycle of a vehicle which has the internal combustion engine, and correction values of the drive voltage which are acquired during the driving cycle are stored in a nonvolatile memory (360).
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the correction values which are stored in the nonvolatile memory (360) are used in a later driving cycle as an initiation value for an adjustment process in this driving cycle.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the adjustment is enabled as a function of parameters which characterize the internal combustion engine and/or the injection valve.
- Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the enabling occurs as a function of one or more of the following parameters: temperature of the internal combustion engine, rail pressure, steady state of the charge time adjustment, steady state of the voltage adjustment, driving period, number of injections, injection sequence, control error of subordinate adjustment devices.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the adjustment is determined at various working points, and the correction values are stored in correction characteristic diagrams.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10340137A DE10340137A1 (en) | 2003-09-01 | 2003-09-01 | Method for determining the drive voltage of a piezoelectric actuator of an injection valve |
| PCT/DE2004/001504 WO2005026516A1 (en) | 2003-09-01 | 2004-07-10 | Method for determining the drive voltage of a piezoelectric actuator of an injection valve |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1664511A1 EP1664511A1 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
| EP1664511B1 true EP1664511B1 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04762364A Expired - Fee Related EP1664511B1 (en) | 2003-09-01 | 2004-07-10 | Method for determining the drive voltage of a piezoelectric actuator of an injection valve |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7456545B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1664511B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4532490B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100434682C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10340137A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005026516A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011003709A1 (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2012-08-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for determining control voltage of piezoelectric actuator of e.g. injector that injects fuel into diesel engine of motor car, involves determining deviation of reference value from actual voltage requirements of valves |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004007798A1 (en) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for determining the charging flanks of a piezoelectric actuator |
| DE102006011725B4 (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2015-05-28 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method and device for calibrating a piezo actuator |
| US7675425B2 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2010-03-09 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid discharge device capable of self-diagnosis of discharge functions |
| EP1860312B1 (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2009-03-18 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | A Method of operating a fuel injector |
| DE102006058744A1 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating an injection valve |
| DE102007020061B3 (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2008-10-16 | Siemens Ag | Method and data carrier for reading out and / or storing injector-specific data for controlling an injection system of an internal combustion engine |
| DE102007022591A1 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-11-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for controlling internal combustion engine, involves determining actuator which injects fuel quantity in internal combustion engine and drive voltage required for specific stroke is determined by regulator |
| FR2917461B1 (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2009-07-31 | Renault Sas | METHOD FOR CORRECTING INJECTOR DERIVATIVES OF AN ENGINE |
| DE102007034188A1 (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating an injection valve |
| DE102008001971A1 (en) * | 2008-05-26 | 2009-12-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for diagnosing a load drop |
| DE102008027516B3 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2010-04-01 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for injection quantity deviation detection and correction of an injection quantity and injection system |
| DE102009002483A1 (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-10-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating an injection valve |
| DE102009003176A1 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2010-11-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and control device for operating a piezoelectric actuator |
| WO2011146907A2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2011-11-24 | Cummins Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Piezoelectric fuel injector system, method for estimating timing characteristics of a fuel injector event |
| US9086041B2 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2015-07-21 | Cummins Intellectual Property, Inc. | Fuel injector having a piezoelectric actuator and a sensor assembly |
| FR2972711B1 (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2013-04-19 | Hispano Suiza Sa | POWER SUPPLY IN ELECTRICITY OF AN AIRCRAFT |
| FR2990998B1 (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2016-02-26 | Continental Automotive France | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AT LEAST ONE PIEZOELECTRIC FUEL INJECTOR ACTUATOR OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
| DE102014225147A1 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-06-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for identifying a characteristic |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2500684B2 (en) * | 1986-08-08 | 1996-05-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Piezoelectric drive |
| JPH10288119A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 1998-10-27 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Driving device of fuel injection valve |
| DE19930309C2 (en) * | 1999-07-01 | 2001-12-06 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for regulating the injection quantity in a fuel injection valve with a piezo element actuator |
| DE19951004A1 (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2001-04-26 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Hydraulic regulator esp. for fuel injector for motor vehicles has hydraulic converter between actor and valve member, to reverse actor movement |
| DE60022734T2 (en) | 2000-04-01 | 2006-07-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and apparatus for controlling a fuel injection method |
| DE10032022B4 (en) | 2000-07-01 | 2009-12-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for determining the drive voltage for an injection valve with a piezoelectric actuator |
| DE50009868D1 (en) * | 2000-07-01 | 2005-04-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Piezoelectric actuator of an injection valve and fuel injection system |
| DE10146747A1 (en) * | 2001-09-22 | 2003-04-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine |
| DE10155391A1 (en) * | 2001-11-10 | 2003-05-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method of loading and unloading a piezoelectric element |
| JP4353781B2 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2009-10-28 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | Piezo actuator drive circuit |
-
2003
- 2003-09-01 DE DE10340137A patent/DE10340137A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-07-10 US US10/567,617 patent/US7456545B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-10 CN CNB2004800186611A patent/CN100434682C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-10 JP JP2006525031A patent/JP4532490B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-10 DE DE502004009228T patent/DE502004009228D1/en active Active
- 2004-07-10 EP EP04762364A patent/EP1664511B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-10 WO PCT/DE2004/001504 patent/WO2005026516A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011003709A1 (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2012-08-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for determining control voltage of piezoelectric actuator of e.g. injector that injects fuel into diesel engine of motor car, involves determining deviation of reference value from actual voltage requirements of valves |
| DE102011003709B4 (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2018-06-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for determining the drive voltage of a piezoelectric actuator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100434682C (en) | 2008-11-19 |
| CN1816690A (en) | 2006-08-09 |
| US20070182280A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
| EP1664511A1 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
| DE502004009228D1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
| US7456545B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 |
| JP2007504386A (en) | 2007-03-01 |
| JP4532490B2 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
| WO2005026516A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
| DE10340137A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
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