EP1655565A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour le séchage du combustible - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour le séchage du combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1655565A1
EP1655565A1 EP05397019A EP05397019A EP1655565A1 EP 1655565 A1 EP1655565 A1 EP 1655565A1 EP 05397019 A EP05397019 A EP 05397019A EP 05397019 A EP05397019 A EP 05397019A EP 1655565 A1 EP1655565 A1 EP 1655565A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
drying
section
conveyor
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05397019A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rami Lampinen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valmet Technologies Oy
Original Assignee
Metso Paper Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metso Paper Oy filed Critical Metso Paper Oy
Publication of EP1655565A1 publication Critical patent/EP1655565A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
    • F26B17/14—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
    • F26B17/1408—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas the gas being supplied and optionally extracted through ducts extending into the moving stack of material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
    • F26B17/04—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces the belts being all horizontal or slightly inclined

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for drying of fuel according to the preamble of the appended claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for implementing the aforementioned method in accordance with the preamble of the appended claim 15.
  • Sludges are produced in various processes as their final products or waste. For example in paper and pulp mills sludges are produced in a number of different process stages. At present, excess liquid is removed from sludges for example by pressing, and the processed sludge is fed to waste treatment either to be dumped or burned.
  • the moisture in fuels is primarily water bound either in the fuel particles or on the surface and between the fuel particles. It is possible that other substances have dissolved in the water from the fuel, or other liquids have been mixed therein in connection with the treatment of fuel.
  • fluidized bed combustion is especially suitable for the purpose of burning wet fuel or fuel with varying moisture content.
  • the fuel is introduced into hot fluidized bed material floating in the furnace by means of fluidizing air, in which bed material the fuel first dries and then burns.
  • the moist fuel reduces the temperature of the bed material and thus helps in keeping the temperature within suitable limits.
  • the fuel must not be too wet so that the efficiency of the furnace would remain sufficiently high.
  • US publication 6,163,981 discloses a process of drying wood material chipped into small particles, such as chips and bark, before they are fed to a power boiler to be burned.
  • the chips to be dried are fed to a drier, in which a bed of chips is formed on a moving conveyor, said bed of chips moving forward along with the movement of the conveyor. Heated drying gas is fed from below the conveyor, perpendicularly against the movement of the conveyor.
  • the chips to be dried do not, however, spread evenly on the conveyor, which results in that the drying result reached by the apparatus is uneven.
  • the capacity of the power boiler is high, and it burns a large amount of chips, it is necessary to build the drying apparatus large enough, which is not economical.
  • the control system of the boiler tends to compensate the reduction in the temperature of the fluidized bed resulting from the supply of moist fuel by reducing the amount of flue-gas containing circulating gas and increasing the amount of air in the fluidizing air.
  • the increase in the amount of combustion air produces a larger combustion flame in the fluidized bed, which would require building the furnace larger in size, which is an expensive investment.
  • the fuel to be burned in the boiler is dryer, there is a risk that the temperature of the fluidized bed increases so high that it starts to sinter.
  • the controlling of the process is easier if the moisture content of the fuel to be fed is as stable as possible.
  • the moisture content of the fuel is significant in view of the combustion process and efficiency of the boiler.
  • the method according to the invention is primarily characterized in what will be presented in the characterizing part of the independent claim 1.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is primarily characterized in what will be presented in the characterizing part of the independent claim 15.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the fuel supplied to the furnace of a power boiler is dried in a continuous process in such a manner that the temperature of the fuel is first increased rapidly in a heating phase, whereafter it is introduced to the drying phase.
  • the heating phase and the drying phase are arranged successively in such a manner that the fuel compressed in the heating phase is discharged to the drying phase, and it is passed therethrough as a bed having a substantially uniform thickness.
  • the fuel flows through a vertical heating section, in which hot, gaseous medium is fed to the fuel flow to increase the temperature of the fuel sufficiently high for the drying phase.
  • the hot, gaseous medium is fed crosswisely in relation to the fuel flow travelling downward, to the middle of the flow and to its edges.
  • the fuel heats up rapidly in the heating phase, because the amount of heating medium is large and its flow rate is high, and all material travels through the heating medium flow.
  • the fuel is heated up to the drying temperature or at least close to it.
  • the hot, gaseous medium fed to the fuel flow in the cross direction does not hinder the flow of fuel material.
  • the fuel flow is fed as a dense bed through the drying phase comprising a horizontal or an oblique drying section.
  • a hot, gaseous medium is fed through the fuel bed to maintain the drying temperature.
  • Most of the steam necessary for the drying is fed to the heating section.
  • the amount of steam necessary in the drying section is small, because the steam is only used for maintaining the drying temperature attained in the heating section.
  • the delay time of fuel in the drying section is considerably longer than in the heating section. By means of a long delay time it is possible to ensure steady drying of fuel throughout the entire fuel bed.
  • the gaseous steam released in the drying section is removed from the gas space above the fuel bed. By means of removing steam the desired pressure is maintained in the drying section.
  • the produced condensate is removed from the bottom of the drying section.
  • the final moisture of the fuel can be controlled by controlling the amount of fuel, i.e. the thickness of the fuel bed on the conveyor as well as the delay time and temperature of the fuel in the drying section.
  • the moisture content of the fuel can be controlled and thus fuel with a stable, i.e. the same or almost the same moisture content can be attained as a result of the drying process. If necessary, it is possible to spray water or other liquid into the fuel moving in the drying apparatus to control the moisture content.
  • the particle-like fuel supplied to the power boiler can be dried rapidly and in a simple manner.
  • the feeding of heating medium to the middle and edges of the fuel in the heating section results in that the fuel heats up rapidly to the drying temperature.
  • the variations in temperature between the fuel particles caused by the storage of fuel can be stabilized, for example frozen lumps of fuel can be defrosted.
  • the transverse steam flow used in the heating section does not cause disturbances in the fuel flow in the heating section, wherein the entire amount of fuel heats up to the desired drying temperature.
  • the drying temperature maintained in the drying section ensures efficient drying of the entire fuel flow.
  • the drying of fuel can also be intensified by sucking steam containing moisture released from the fuel from the drying apparatus.
  • the possibility of controlling the moisture of fuel as suggested by an embodiment of the invention ensures that fuel having precisely the right moisture level is attained in the power boiler in use.
  • the invention can be utilized especially in connection with power boilers in pulp and paper mills, because they usually use as a fuel bark waste and chips produced in pulp and paper making.
  • the sludges produced in pulp and paper mills can be dried by means of the invention and fed to be burned in a power boiler.
  • fuel refers to any burning substance, which has a sufficient thermal value after the drying, so that it can be utilized as a fuel for the power plant.
  • fuels include for example chips, bark, coal, peat, sludges from process industry or municipal waste.
  • Fig. 1 shows a fuel drying apparatus 1 according to the invention.
  • the apparatus comprises a vertical heating section 2 having the shape of a downward expanding cone.
  • Feeding means (not shown in the figure), such as a bin or a screw are connected to the upper part of the heating section and they feed the fuel to be dried to the heating section 2 from its upper part in accordance with the arrow marked in the figure.
  • the fuel fed to the heating section 2 moves by means of gravity vertically downward as shown by arrow A.
  • the fuel is fed to the drying apparatus constantly in such a manner that the fuel fills substantially the volume of the heating section from the fuel surface 10 formed in the heating section 2.
  • the heating section comprises a feeding pipe 4 for feeding hot, gaseous medium, such as steam into the middle of the heating section 2.
  • a steam distribution member 5 extending around the feeding pipe, which can be a perforation extending around the feeding pipe, or some suitable means attached to the feeding pipe, such as, for example, a screen, which distributes the steam from the steam feeding pipe 4 evenly to the fuel horizontally in an angle of 360 degrees.
  • a screen 5 is arranged in the feeding pipe.
  • a steam distribution member 6, such as a screen extending around the entire shell for feeding steam horizontally to the fuel within the perimeter of the entire heating section.
  • the heated fuel is discharged from the lower part of the heating section to the drying section 3.
  • the heating section 2 and the drying section 3 are arranged successively on top of each other in such a manner that the heating section is positioned in an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the drying section 3.
  • the heating section is arranged in connection with the drying section, to one of its ends in such a manner that the heated fuel discharged from the heating section 2 travels substantially through the horizontal drying section 3, fed by a conveyor 12 on the bottom of said drying section.
  • the fuel flow becomes dense and the fuel is fed through the drying section 3 as a dense fuel bed FB.
  • the drying section 3 is an elongated vessel, whose length is greater than its cross-section, and whose ends are closed.
  • a conveyor 12 On the bottom of the drying section a conveyor 12 is arranged, said conveyor carrying the fuel from the heating section 2 end of the drying section to the other end of the drying section 3, which comprises members 13 for removing dried fuel from the drying apparatus 1 to a feed screw 14 that feeds the fuel either to an intermediate storage or to the furnace of the power boiler.
  • the conveyor 12 arranged on the bottom of the drying section 3 can be any type of a conveyor suitable for feeding fine-grained material, for example a scraper conveyor, a belt conveyor or a slat conveyor.
  • the essential aspect is that the conveyor is formed in such a manner that it is possible to feed hot, gaseous medium through the fuel bed located on top of the conveyor and moving by means of the same.
  • the conveyor is provided with a set of openings for the passage of the medium.
  • One possible conveyor is shown in Fig. 3 which will be described later.
  • the hot, gaseous medium used in the heating and drying phase can be for example hot air, steam, dry steam or flue gases from the power boiler. It is also possible to use the primary or secondary steam from a steam-generating process, such as a turbine located in the vicinity of the drying device.
  • the exhaust steam produced in the heating phase and in the drying phase can be recovered and compressed and used again in heating or it can be led, for example, elsewhere in the power boiler process.
  • the exhaust steam can also be fed to the flue gas processing system of the power boiler or it can be condensed and removed.
  • the exhaust steam produced in the drying device can also be circulated again to the drying of fuel.
  • the exhaust steam removed both from the heating section 2 and the drying section 3 is fed back to the heating section 2 and to the drying section 3, which is illustrated by means of broken lines in Fig. 1.
  • the exhaust steam produced in the heating section 2 and in the drying section 3 can be heated in a heat exchanger 24 illustrated by means of broken lines in Fig. 1, before it is fed back to the heating section and to the drying section.
  • the drying of fuel fed to the drying device can also be intensified by sucking exhaust steam containing moisture released from the fuel from the drying apparatus.
  • exhaust steam is sucked either through the feeding pipe 4 or through the distribution chamber 8 arranged in the shell.
  • the sucking can be implemented by any suitable means, such as a blower or a pump 26, which is connected to the feeding pipe 4 and to the distribution chamber 8.
  • the essential aspect is that exhaust steam is only sucked from one of them at a time, either through the feeding pipe 4 or the distribution chamber 8 connected to the heating section, because at the same time the other, either the feeding pipe 4 or the distribution chamber 8 that is not connected to the pump 26 feeds hot, gaseous medium to the heating section.
  • the suction of exhaust steam takes place via an exhaust steam removal duct 18.
  • cooling water is sprayed from a cooling water line 23 on the fuel bed travelling in the drying section 3 via nozzles 25 arranged in the top part of the drying section.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second drying apparatus 1 according to the invention in which the drying section 3 is divided into two parts in such a manner that the final end of the drying section 3b is arranged so that it inclines downward.
  • the front end 3a of the drying section is horizontal and the conveyor 12 only extends on the length of the front end.
  • the fuel bed travels through the final end 3b of the drying section, being pushed by the conveyor 12 located at the front end 3a.
  • the inclination of the final end 3b of the drying section downward in the flow direction of fuel reduces the force required for feeding the fuel.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a cross-section A - A of the apparatus of Fig 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows a way of feeding the material through the drying section by means of a conveyor according to Finnish patents 83181 (corresponding to US 5134929) and 109103 (corresponding to EP 1140445).
  • the feeding apparatus 12 is composed of narrow and long adjacent lamellae 26, which are positioned on supporting rolls 22.
  • the lamellae 26 extend in the direction of the longitudinal shaft of the drying section within its entire length.
  • the lamellae are equipped with a drive that moves the lamellae a predetermined distance back and forth in the longitudinal direction.
  • the movement of the lamellae in the travel direction of the fuel is considerably slower than their return movement.
  • a larger number of lamellae move in the travel direction of the material than in the return direction.
  • the net result thus attained is the propagation of fuel in the drying section.
  • the lamellae are arranged on the bottom of the drying section in the form of a circular arc in accordance with Fig. 3, the fuel to be dried tends to pack towards the central area of the drying section. This reduces friction on the side walls and helps the material to be treated to travel forward as an even bed.
  • the steam is fed from the duct 20 and it travels to the fuel to be dried from gaps between the lamellae as shown by arrows drawn in dotted lines.
  • the heating medium condenses in the heating section and in the drying section, condensate is produced.
  • the condensate runs to the bottom part of the fuel space and is discharged via the duct 21 as shown by the solid arrows.
  • the apparatus according to the invention can thus also be positioned in the immediate vicinity of an outdoor storage of fuel, i.e. bark or chips stored outdoors, for example in a stack,
  • the dried bark or chips can be fed directly to the furnace of a power boiler, and the drying apparatus can be placed in such a location where it does not cause lack of space in the immediate vicinity of the power boiler.
  • the drying apparatus is also suitable for drying of peat, and it can be placed for example in a peat site, wherein the dried peat can be fed directly to the power boiler to be burned, and a separate drying apparatus is not necessary in the power plant.
EP05397019A 2004-11-05 2005-11-04 Procédé et dispositif pour le séchage du combustible Withdrawn EP1655565A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20045423A FI20045423A (fi) 2004-11-05 2004-11-05 Menetelmä ja laitteisto polttoaineen kuivaamiseksi

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1655565A1 true EP1655565A1 (fr) 2006-05-10

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ID=33515306

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EP05397019A Withdrawn EP1655565A1 (fr) 2004-11-05 2005-11-04 Procédé et dispositif pour le séchage du combustible

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20060272558A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1655565A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2525166A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI20045423A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100491828C (zh) * 2007-07-18 2009-05-27 重庆科技学院 具有烘干功能的垃圾焚烧给料装置
CN107617628A (zh) * 2017-10-08 2018-01-23 吉首大学 带造粒机的脉冲爆气式城市废水垃圾处理装置
CN107626721A (zh) * 2017-10-08 2018-01-26 吉首大学 带捞渣机的脉冲爆气式城市废水垃圾处理装置

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108911470A (zh) * 2018-08-21 2018-11-30 广州晟启能源设备有限公司 一种闭式带式干燥机
CN109059528A (zh) * 2018-08-31 2018-12-21 江苏天通设备科技有限公司 一种烘箱余热回收系统
EP3946212A1 (fr) * 2019-03-27 2022-02-09 Barlean's Organic Oils, LLC Procédés et systèmes pour sécher des capsules à enveloppe molle avec des charges hydrophiles
CN112358153A (zh) * 2020-10-23 2021-02-12 西安交通大学 一种交错下倾式污泥烘干装置

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US109103A (en) 1870-11-08 Improvement in steam-traps
US1568738A (en) * 1924-03-18 1926-01-05 Fuller Fuel Company Process of drying materials
CH267638A (de) * 1944-12-09 1950-04-15 Koch Hermann Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Trocknen landwirtschaftlicher Erzeugnisse unter fortlaufender Bewegung derselben.
US4635379A (en) * 1982-09-15 1987-01-13 Kroneld Erik G Method of drying material using an indirectly heated system
US4756092A (en) * 1986-09-10 1988-07-12 Habersham Environmental Products Method and apparatus for drying sludge
US4888885A (en) 1987-11-18 1989-12-26 New Hampshire Flakeboard, Inc. Dryer for combustible chip-like material
FI83181B (fi) 1989-07-03 1991-02-28 Rauma Repola Oy Foerfarande och transportoer foer transport av fast material i stycken eller partiklar.
US5134929A (en) 1989-09-18 1992-08-04 Rauma-Repola Oy Method and equipment for compressing material consisting of particles
US6163981A (en) 1998-11-25 2000-12-26 Nilsson; Bengt Method and apparatus for drying wood particles
EP1140445A1 (fr) 1999-01-07 2001-10-10 Metso Woodhandling Oy Ab Procede et appareil pour le transport de materiau solide

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2245664A (en) * 1937-12-08 1941-06-17 Gronert August Drying shaft for granular loose material
US2941310A (en) * 1955-05-16 1960-06-21 Ruhrchemie Ag Treatment of grain
US4045882A (en) * 1976-06-30 1977-09-06 Buffington James F Grain drying apparatus and process
IT1108191B (it) * 1978-12-12 1985-12-02 Fasano Pietro Essicatoio a portata d'aria con temperatura variabile e suo ricupero specialmente per cereali
US4815397A (en) * 1986-07-28 1989-03-28 Warren Engineering Corporation Sludge treatment apparatus
JPS63210192A (ja) * 1987-02-27 1988-08-31 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 石炭の熱処理法

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US109103A (en) 1870-11-08 Improvement in steam-traps
US1568738A (en) * 1924-03-18 1926-01-05 Fuller Fuel Company Process of drying materials
CH267638A (de) * 1944-12-09 1950-04-15 Koch Hermann Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Trocknen landwirtschaftlicher Erzeugnisse unter fortlaufender Bewegung derselben.
US4635379A (en) * 1982-09-15 1987-01-13 Kroneld Erik G Method of drying material using an indirectly heated system
US4756092A (en) * 1986-09-10 1988-07-12 Habersham Environmental Products Method and apparatus for drying sludge
US4888885A (en) 1987-11-18 1989-12-26 New Hampshire Flakeboard, Inc. Dryer for combustible chip-like material
FI83181B (fi) 1989-07-03 1991-02-28 Rauma Repola Oy Foerfarande och transportoer foer transport av fast material i stycken eller partiklar.
US5134929A (en) 1989-09-18 1992-08-04 Rauma-Repola Oy Method and equipment for compressing material consisting of particles
US6163981A (en) 1998-11-25 2000-12-26 Nilsson; Bengt Method and apparatus for drying wood particles
EP1140445A1 (fr) 1999-01-07 2001-10-10 Metso Woodhandling Oy Ab Procede et appareil pour le transport de materiau solide

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100491828C (zh) * 2007-07-18 2009-05-27 重庆科技学院 具有烘干功能的垃圾焚烧给料装置
CN107617628A (zh) * 2017-10-08 2018-01-23 吉首大学 带造粒机的脉冲爆气式城市废水垃圾处理装置
CN107626721A (zh) * 2017-10-08 2018-01-26 吉首大学 带捞渣机的脉冲爆气式城市废水垃圾处理装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20045423A0 (fi) 2004-11-05
CA2525166A1 (fr) 2006-05-05
US20060272558A1 (en) 2006-12-07
FI20045423A (fi) 2006-05-06

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