EP1652293A1 - Amplifier with high output power dynamics - Google Patents
Amplifier with high output power dynamicsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1652293A1 EP1652293A1 EP04767583A EP04767583A EP1652293A1 EP 1652293 A1 EP1652293 A1 EP 1652293A1 EP 04767583 A EP04767583 A EP 04767583A EP 04767583 A EP04767583 A EP 04767583A EP 1652293 A1 EP1652293 A1 EP 1652293A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- level
- amplifier
- circuit
- line
- electrical length
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/60—Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants, e.g. with waveguide resonators
- H03F3/602—Combinations of several amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/02—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with invariable factor of coupling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an amplifier adjustable on a high dynamic output power and having an almost constant efficiency in added power. It relates more particularly to the production of a microwave power amplifier of solid state signals in particular for satellite transmitters, adapted to operate for example in a frequency range close to 30 GHz, and comprising a determined number of active elements supplying in parallel a common load by means of an adaptation device made up of a microcircuit made up of lines of propagation, capacities or inductances.
- the invention also relates to the production of an amplification circuit with redundant amplifier stages in which the amplifiers are not necessarily power amplifiers.
- the Doherty amplifier controls the dynamics of the output power by 1 through the variation of the charge conductances of the active elements as a function of the input power.
- This type of amplifier has the disadvantages of only combining two active elements and of being ill-suited for redundancy applications. It is also known to obtain an added power efficiency which is slightly dependent on the output power by adapting the polarization points of the active elements to the output power. However, this solution is difficult to implement and the dynamic range of the output power is limited.
- One of the aims of the invention is to control the output power of an amplifier in the solid state by controlling both the number of active elements switched on and the charge conductances of the active elements without modifying the charge susceptances. active elements while minimizing losses in the adaptation circuit. More precisely, the invention aims to produce an adaptation device capable of effectively controlling the values of the charge conductances of the active elements switched on by the percentage of active elements switched off.
- the device for adapting the output stage of the microwave amplifier comprises a determined number N of susceptance compensation circuits connected respectively to the outputs of N active elements to compensate for the output susceptances active elements and a circuit for combining and adapting the conductances having N inputs connected respectively to the outputs of the N susceptance compensation circuits and an output connected to the load of the amplifier.
- the circuit for combining and adapting the charge conductances of the active elements comprises a determined number of line sections organized in M levels, in which level 1 is connected respectively to the outputs of the N circuits.
- each level other than level 1 and level M + 1, has a determined number of line sections of equal electrical length, an integer multiple of ⁇ / 2.
- the number of line sections of a level J is less than the number of sections of level Jl which precedes it, and each line section of a level can be connected to one or more line sections of the level which precedes it.
- the electrical lengths of line sections of the first level must be equal to an odd integer multiple of ⁇ / 4 if the impedance presented at the input of the circuit of combination by an extinguished active element combined with its susceptance compensation circuit is a short circuit in order to present an open circuit on the nodes of level 1.
- the electrical lengths of the line sections of the first level must be equal to a multiple even integer of ⁇ / 4 if the impedance presented at the input of the combination circuit by an extinguished active element combined with its susceptance compensation circuit is an open circuit in order to present an open circuit on the nodes of level 1.
- each line section of a level is connected on the same node to the same number of line sections of the level which precedes it.
- the lines of electrical length multiple integer of ⁇ / 2 connecting two nodes of different levels can be broken down into several lines of electrical length ⁇ / 4 of different characteristic impedance .
- each susceptance compensation circuit consists of two line sections connected in series by a capacitor between the output of the active element to which it is connected and the input of the combination and adaptation circuit. conductances corresponding to it.
- the output susceptance of the active element is compensated by means of the two line sections and the capacitor and by means of a third line section connected between the point in common between the capacitor and the line section connected to the output of the active element and one end of a capacitor 'with fixed capacity connected by its second end to a ground point, the capacitor being biased by a bias voltage applied to its first end.
- a different susceptance compensation circuit topology making it possible to present an open circuit at the input of the combination and adaptation circuit when the active element is switched off.
- - Figure 1 is a block diagram of a embodiment of a solid state microwave power amplifier according to the invention.
- - Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a susceptance compensation circuit of active elements of the amplifier output of Figure 1.
- - Figure 3 is a block diagram showing an exemplary embodiment of the load conductance combination and adaptation circuit of Figure 1.
- - Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of an impedance adaptation device of an amplifier according to the invention composed of four compensation circuits susceptor.
- Figures 5 to 7 illustrate the operating mode of the adaptation device of Figure 4.
- - Figures 8 and 9 illustrate two alternative embodiments of an impedance adaptation device according to the invention comprising six compensation circuits of susceptance.
- Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a solid state microwave power amplifier according to the invention composed of N active output elements referenced from 11 to IN supplying in parallel a common load 2 to across a device of adaptation 3 of the active output elements, represented inside a closed line in dotted lines.
- the adaptation device 3 comprises a determined number N of susceptance compensation circuits referenced 41 to 4N respectively connected to the outputs of N active elements 11 to IN to compensate the output susceptances of the active elements and a combination and adaptation circuit conductances 5 having N inputs connected respectively to the outputs of the N susceptance compensation circuits and an output connected to the load 2 of the amplifier.
- each susceptance compensation circuit 41 to 4N consists of two line sections 5 and 6 connected in series via a capacitor 7 between the output of an active element 11 to IN to which it is connected and an input of the circuit for combining and adapting the conductances 3 which corresponds to it.
- the output susceptance of the active element to which the compensation circuit is connected is compensated by means of the two line sections and the capacitor and by means of a third line section 8 connected between the common point 9 between the capacitor 7 and the line section 5 connected to the output of the active element and a first end of a fixed capacitor 10 connected by its second end to a ground point 11, the capacitor 10 being biased by a voltage of polarization applied on its first end.
- the circuit 5 for combining and adapting the charge conductances of the active elements which is shown in FIG. 3 comprises a determined number of line sections organized in M levels.
- Level 1 is connected respectively to the outputs of the N susceptance compensation circuits 41 to 4N via N line sections L (l, l) to L (1, N) of equal electrical length, integer multiple of ⁇ / 4 and the level M is connected directly to the load of the amplifier or indirectly to it by means of at least one section of line L (M + 1.1) of electrical length integer multiple of ⁇ / 4 constituting a (M + l) th level.
- Each level, other than level 1 and level M + 1 has a determined number of line sections of equal electrical length, an integer multiple of ⁇ / 2.
- each line section of a level can be connected to one or more line sections of the level which precedes it and the number of line sections of each level decreases as the number of levels since the first level increases, so that the number of line sections of a level J is always less than the number of sections of level Jl which precedes it.
- the electrical lengths of line sections of the first level must be equal to an odd integer multiple of ⁇ / 4 if the impedance presented at the input of the combination circuit by an extinguished active element combined with its susceptance compensation circuit is a short- circuit in order to present an open circuit on the nodes of level 1.
- the electrical lengths of the line sections of the first level must be equal to an even integer multiple of ⁇ / 4 if the impedance presented at the input of the combination circuit by a active element switched off combined with its susceptance compensation circuit is an open circuit in order to present an open circuit on the nodes of level 1.
- the sum of the electrical lengths connecting an input of the circuit combination at its output must be equal to an odd integer multiple of ⁇ / 4.
- each line section of a level is connected on the same node to the same number of line sections of the level which precedes it and the ' number N of line sections of the first level is even.
- the lines of electrical length multiple integer of ⁇ / 2 connecting two nodes of different levels can be broken down into several lines of electrical length ⁇ / 4 of different characteristic impedance .
- An embodiment according to this principle, of an adaptation device comprising four susceptance compensation devices 4a to 4d coupled at the output of four active elements la to ld and two levels of line sections, is shown in FIG. 4.
- the first level is formed by four line sections 12a to 12d of characteristic impedance Zl and of electrical length ⁇ / 4, connected respectively by one of their ends at the outputs of the susceptance compensation devices 4a to 4d.
- the second level is formed by two sections of line of electrical length ⁇ / 2 each composed of two half sections of lines 13a, 13b and 14a, 14b of electrical length ⁇ / 4 connected in series, the two half sections of a section having different characteristic impedances Z2 and Z3.
- the connections between the first and the second level are made by the second ends of the line sections 12 a to 12 d of electrical length ⁇ / 4 of the first level which are linked in pairs at one end of the line sections 13a, 13b d on the one hand, and 14a 14b on the other hand, of electrical length ⁇ / 2 of the second level.
- the second ends of the sections of electrical length ⁇ / 2 are made by the second ends of the line sections 12 a to 12 d of electrical length ⁇ / 4 of the first level which are linked in pairs at one end of the line sections 13a, 13b d on the one hand, and 14a 14b on the other hand, of electrical length ⁇ / 2 of the second level.
- Figure 4 is illustrated by Figures 5 to 8 where the elements homologous to those of Figure 4 bear the same references.
- the compensation circuits 4a to 4d are represented by their equivalent diagram which provides a negative susceptance -SEA which compensates for that of the output of the active element.
- the representation of Figure 5 corresponds to a configuration where all the active elements li of the amplifier are switched on, i.e. for which each of the active elements li applies the same sinusoidal signal of amplitude U and wavelength ⁇ on the input of a compensation circuit 4i.
- the adaptation device acts as an impedance transformer, the load impedance Z (load 2) of the adaptation device brought back to each of its inputs being defined by applying successively, on the path which connects it to the load impedance Z, the impedance transformation relationships to the line sections in ⁇ / 4 encountered from the one which is connected to the load Z of the adaptation device to the one which is connected to the active element by through the compensation circuit.
- the power supplied by the active elements 1a to 1d are equal, the power obtained at the output of the adaptation circuit is equal to four times that supplied by an active element.
- the load impedances brought back on each input of the adaptation device are equal and defined by the relation:
- the representation of Figure 6 corresponds to a configuration where only two active elements respectively supply the line sections of electrical length ⁇ / 2, 13a, 13b on the one hand and 14a, 14b on the other hand.
- the line sections 12b, 12c of electrical length ⁇ / 4 being closed at one end by a short circuit, their other end is in open circuit which makes it possible to disconnect them from the rest of the circuit.
- the two line sections of electrical length ⁇ / 2 of the second level, formed by half sections 13a, 13b on the one hand and 14a, 14b are only supplied by the active elements la and ld.
- the load impedance Z brought back to each of the active elements lit is equal to:
- the output power Ps supplied to the load is the output power Ps supplied to the load.
- FIG. 7 corresponds to a configuration where a single active element feeds the load through a single section of line of electrical length ⁇ / 2 formed by half sections 13a and 13b.
- the line sections 12b, 12c and 12d of electrical length ⁇ / 4 being closed at one end by a short circuit, their other end is in open circuit which makes it possible to isolate them from the rest of the circuit.
- the line section of electrical length ⁇ / 2 of the second level, formed by half sections 13a, 13b is supplied by the active element la.
- the load impedance Z brought back to the only active element lit is:
- the output power Ps supplied to the load is:
- the excitation level of the active active elements is adjusted to obtain a constant output voltage U and that the adaptation device has no loss, it appears in the light of the relationships (4) , (6), (8) a dynamic range of 12dB of the output power Ps between the configuration in Figure 5 where four active elements are switched on and the configuration in Figure 7 where a single active element is switched on.
- the output power Ps is directly linked to the number of active elements lit. It also appears that the power level obtained for each configuration from a determined number of active elements lit is in all cases proportional to the square of the ratio between the characteristic impedances Z2 and Z3 of the line sections of the second level and is inversely proportional to the square of the characteristic impedance Zl of the line section of the first level.
- the embodiment of Figure 8 differs from that of Figure 4 both by the fact that it comprises six susceptance compensation circuits referenced from 4a to 4f and by the fact that the outputs of the susceptance compensation circuits (4a, 4b, 4c) and (4d, 4e, 4f) are connected three by three via a section of line 12a to 12f of the first level respectively at one end of a section of line 13a or 14a of the second level.
- An alternative embodiment of the adaptation device of FIG. 8 is shown in FIG. 9.
- the outputs of the susceptance compensation circuits 4a to 4f are connected two by two via a section of line of the first level respectively at one end of a section of line of the second level which comprises three sections of lines connected by their second end common to the load impedance of the adaptation device.
- the line sections constituting the combination and adaptation circuit 5 can be produced using any known microwave technique for producing microcircuits.
- the active elements can be unitary transistors or sets of transistors such as for example cascode assemblies.
- the active elements, the compensation and combination circuits can be integrated on the same monolithic circuit. But for reasons of space and cost, the combination circuit can also be dissociated from the active elements and from the susceptance compensation circuits through a hybrid assembly.
- the combination circuit can also be performed by power spatial combination techniques provided that the action of decreasing the percentage of active elements lit always leads to a decrease in the charge conductance of the active elements remaining lit without impacting the susceptances. dump.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
- Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0309421A FR2858492B1 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2003-07-31 | AMPLIFIER WITH HIGH POWER DYNAMIC OUTPUT |
PCT/FR2004/001748 WO2005022741A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2004-07-05 | Amplifier with high output power dynamics |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1652293A1 true EP1652293A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
Family
ID=34043695
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04767583A Withdrawn EP1652293A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2004-07-05 | Amplifier with high output power dynamics |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7514994B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1652293A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4629672B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100508367C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2858492B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005022741A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7755452B2 (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2010-07-13 | Coherent, Inc. | Power combiner |
US7970037B2 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2011-06-28 | Coherent, Inc. | Arrangement for RF power delivery to a gas discharge laser with cascaded transmission line sections |
JP5455770B2 (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2014-03-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Power combiner / distributor and transmitter using power combiner / distributor |
US20110285473A1 (en) | 2010-05-24 | 2011-11-24 | Coherent, Inc. | Impedance-matching transformers for rf driven co2 gas discharge lasers |
US8648665B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2014-02-11 | Coherent, Inc. | Impedance-matching circuits for multi-output power supplies driving CO2 gas-discharge lasers |
WO2015139746A1 (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-24 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Amplifier circuit and method |
WO2015150873A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-08 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Multi-stage amplifiers with low loss |
EP3140908B1 (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2018-02-21 | Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) | Amplifier circuit and method |
US9484863B2 (en) | 2014-05-08 | 2016-11-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Amplifier circuit and method |
US9496831B2 (en) | 2014-10-17 | 2016-11-15 | Daico Industries, Inc. | Combined high power rf/microwave amplifier with multiple power amplifier units and automatic failure protection |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB842695A (en) * | 1955-09-23 | 1960-07-27 | Emi Ltd | Improvements in or relating to circuits for combining the outputs of a plurality of signal sources |
US4547745A (en) * | 1983-02-28 | 1985-10-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Composite amplifier with divider/combiner |
DE3733374A1 (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-05-11 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE LINEAR AMPLIFICATION OF SIGNALS IN SATELLITE TRANSPONDER |
JPH01160714U (en) * | 1988-04-28 | 1989-11-08 | ||
JPH0423605A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1992-01-28 | Fujitsu Ltd | Amplifier device |
JPH05121916A (en) * | 1991-10-29 | 1993-05-18 | Japan Radio Co Ltd | High frequency power distribution/synthesis circuit |
US5410281A (en) * | 1993-03-09 | 1995-04-25 | Sierra Technologies, Inc. | Microwave high power combiner/divider |
US5543751A (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 1996-08-06 | Motorola, Inc. | Power combiner for use in a radio frequency system and a method of constructing a power combiner |
KR0164368B1 (en) * | 1995-10-25 | 1999-02-01 | 김광호 | Rf power combiner |
US6252871B1 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2001-06-26 | Powerwave Technologies, Inc. | Switchable combiner/splitter |
FR2816132B1 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2003-02-07 | Agence Spatiale Europeenne | RECONFIGURABLE DEVICE FOR AMPLIFYING RF SIGNALS |
EP1540815B1 (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2006-12-27 | Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) | Composite power amplifier |
-
2003
- 2003-07-31 FR FR0309421A patent/FR2858492B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-07-05 EP EP04767583A patent/EP1652293A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-07-05 JP JP2006521608A patent/JP4629672B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-05 CN CNB2004800222088A patent/CN100508367C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-05 US US10/566,397 patent/US7514994B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-05 WO PCT/FR2004/001748 patent/WO2005022741A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005022741A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7514994B2 (en) | 2009-04-07 |
JP2007500961A (en) | 2007-01-18 |
WO2005022741A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
CN100508367C (en) | 2009-07-01 |
FR2858492A1 (en) | 2005-02-04 |
JP4629672B2 (en) | 2011-02-09 |
FR2858492B1 (en) | 2006-09-08 |
CN1833359A (en) | 2006-09-13 |
US20060192615A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
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