US6252871B1 - Switchable combiner/splitter - Google Patents
Switchable combiner/splitter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6252871B1 US6252871B1 US09/108,734 US10873498A US6252871B1 US 6252871 B1 US6252871 B1 US 6252871B1 US 10873498 A US10873498 A US 10873498A US 6252871 B1 US6252871 B1 US 6252871B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- section
- output
- input
- terminal
- signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0689—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using different transmission schemes, at least one of them being a diversity transmission scheme
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/04—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with variable factor of coupling
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to high power, high frequency RF signal manipulation, and in particular to a combiner/splitter for handling high power RF signals.
- Switched power combiners for operation at RF frequencies are well known in the art. These units provide the capability of combining the output of several preferably coherent, in phase, signal sources to achieve a higher combined output power. For purposes of this description, it is assumed that all of the signals sources are in phase.
- N is any positive integer
- the goal of any design of an N-way power combiner is to be able to combine the signals on the various input lines, having coherent sources, with little or no penalty due to insertion loss or input VSWR, regardless of how many of the inputs are selected at any given time.
- a simple circuit such as that illustrated in FIG. 1 provides a plurality of switched half-wave coaxial transmission lines having a common summing point and connected from that point, through a half-wavelength line to an output.
- the half-wave-length lines are often implemented as two quarter wave length transmission lines connected in series.
- Such switchable configurations are typically tuned for a known number of closed switches. As different numbers of switches are closed, the impedance seen at the summing point varies and substantial insertion losses, due to mismatches, can be incurred.
- the invention relates to an apparatus and method for combining or splitting a plurality of high frequency RF signal inputs.
- the combining apparatus features a first combining section for switchably combining selected ones of the RF signal inputs and providing a common signal output.
- the apparatus further features a switchable matching section connected at its input to the common signal output and switchably inserting matching lines between its input and its own output.
- the switchable matching section is able, by a selected switch pattern, to substantially match the impedance presented to it by the common signal output.
- the method for combining a plurality of high frequency RF signal inputs features the steps of switchably combining selected ones of the RF signal inputs and providing a common summed signal output, switchably inserting matching lines between the common summed signal output and a combined output for matching the impedance presented by the switchably combined signal inputs, and switchably inserting the matching lines in correspondence to switchably combining the RF signal inputs to provide a minimized insertion loss from the RF signal inputs to a combined output.
- the apparatus for splitting a high frequency RF signal input into a plurality of RF signal outputs features a splitting section for switchably splitting an RF signal input from the output of a matching section, a switchable matching section connected at its input to the high frequency RF signal input and able to switchably insert matching lines between its input and its output, the switchable matching section being able, by a selected switch pattern, to substantially match the impedance presented to it by the splitting section, whereby the number of RF outputs from the splitting section can be switchably changed, and the matching section can be switchably changed to minimize insertion loss through the splitting apparatus.
- the method for splitting a high frequency RF signal input features the steps of splitting selected ones of the RF signal inputs from the common summed signal output, switchably inserting matching lines between a common summed signal output and the RF signal input for matching the impedance presented by a splitting section, and switchably inserting the matching lines in correspondence to switchable splitting of the RF signal input to provide a minimized insertion loss from the RF signal input to split the outputs.
- Advantages of the invention include a minimization or elimination of insertion loss by enabling a matching section to be switchably configured to the combining/splitting section.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a typical prior art combiner
- FIG. 2 is an illustration of a preferred embodiment of a combiner/splitter in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 3 is an illustration of an alternate embodiment of a combiner/splitter in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 4 is an illustration of yet another alternate embodiment of a combiner/splitter in accordance with the invention.
- a combiner 10 in accordance with the invention has a plurality of potential input sources, preferably coherent, in phase, sources 11 A, 11 B, . . . , 11 N.
- Each source has a source impedance, Z 0 .
- Each source is connected to an isolator 12 A, 12 B . . . 12 N.
- Each isolator is connected through a single pole, single throw switch 14 A, 14 D, . . . , 14 N, respectively, to a series connection of two quarter wave coaxial transmission lines 16 A, 16 B, . . . , 16 N, respectively.
- Each series connected pair of quarter wavelength lines could be replaced by a half wavelength line if desired.
- the outputs of the quarter wavelength lines 16 are summed by being connected together to form a common output over a line 20 from the combining section 18 .
- the common output over line 20 connects to a matching section 22 , and, in particular, to a series of quarter wave transmission lines 24 A, 24 B, . . . , 24 M which in turn are connected through switches 26 A, 26 B, . . . , 26 M (single pole, single throw switches) to series connected quarter wavelength coaxial transmission lines 28 A, 28 B, . . . , 28 M respectively.
- the output of the transmission lines 28 are summed by being connected together to form a combined RF output over a line 30 .
- the sources 11 are connected through switches, 14 , to an initial half wavelength stage. If any source 11 is not present or is not to be connected, its corresponding switch 14 is opened, thus breaking the connection. Depending upon how many of the switches 14 are closed, the effective impedance presented at line 20 by section 18 will vary. Accordingly, it is desirable to modify the impedance presented by section 22 to match the impedance of section 18 . Accordingly, any of switches 26 can be used to insert or remove a section of half wave length elements 24 and 28 so that section 22 will match section 20 . Note also that the number of elements, M, in section 22 may be the same as or different than the number of elements N in section 18 . As a result of closing one or more of switches 26 , the insertion loss of the combiner 10 is minimized, and, ideally, is zero.
- switches 14 While the use of switches 14 to present a high-impedance at common line 20 when the switch is opened is old, the use of the switchable matching section 22 has not ever been accomplished.
- the series switches 26 when opened, effectively remove that section of the transmission line from the parallel connection of section 22 by presenting an open circuit at lines 20 and 30 respectively.
- the combiner matches the output of section 18 to line 30 .
- the combiner 10 also, can operate in a reverse splitter mode by placing an input signal at line 30 and taking the output signal from switches 14 .
- the same circuitry, and structure can be used in one direction as a combiner and in the opposite direction as a splitter.
- parallel shorting switches 40 A, 40 B, . . . , 40 N and 42 A, 42 B, . . . , 42 M replace the series switches illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- the transmission line lengths are shortened to a quarter wavelength instead of the half wavelength series elements in FIG. 2 .
- the circuits work substantially the same.
- a switch 40 corresponding to that missing signal is closed, grounding the input to the corresponding transmission lines 44 .
- the combiner circuit 50 like the combiner circuit 10 , also operates as a splitter when an input signal is applied over line 64 and the output signals are taken from the transmission lines 44 with the switches 40 in their open state. Also, switches 40 and 42 , like their counterparts 14 and 26 in the embodiment of FIG. 2, are single pole, single throw switches, enabling the structure of FIG. 3 to be easily and simply implemented.
- a combiner structure 70 has input sources 71 A, 71 B, . . . , 71 N, with source impedance Z 0 , driving isolators, 72 A, 72 , . . . , 72 N feeding quarter wavelength transmission lines 74 A, 74 B, . . . , 74 N which are connected through single pole, single throw switches 76 A, 76 B, . . . , 76 N to a common line 78 .
- the matching section 82 has single quarter wavelength transmission lines 84 A, 84 B, . . .
- combiner 70 can be employed as a splitter when the input signal is applied to line 90 and the output is taken from the quarter wavelength transmission lines 74 .
- each of the embodiments of FIGS. 2, 3 , and 4 can operate in one direction as a combiner and in the other direction as a splitter.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
- Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/108,734 US6252871B1 (en) | 1998-07-01 | 1998-07-01 | Switchable combiner/splitter |
PCT/US1999/015002 WO2000002355A2 (en) | 1998-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | Switchable combiner/splitter |
KR10-2000-7014970A KR100531267B1 (en) | 1998-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | Switchable Combiner/Splitter |
CA002336332A CA2336332C (en) | 1998-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | Switchable combiner/splitter |
DE69915067T DE69915067D1 (en) | 1998-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | A SWITCHABLE COMBINER AND A SWITCHABLE BRANCH |
BR9912506-4A BR9912506A (en) | 1998-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | Switchable combiner / divider |
EP99938714A EP1092302B1 (en) | 1998-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | A switchable combiner and a switchable splitter |
MXPA00013012A MXPA00013012A (en) | 1998-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | Switchable combiner/splitter. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/108,734 US6252871B1 (en) | 1998-07-01 | 1998-07-01 | Switchable combiner/splitter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6252871B1 true US6252871B1 (en) | 2001-06-26 |
Family
ID=22323763
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/108,734 Expired - Lifetime US6252871B1 (en) | 1998-07-01 | 1998-07-01 | Switchable combiner/splitter |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6252871B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1092302B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100531267B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9912506A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2336332C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69915067D1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA00013012A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000002355A2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6587014B2 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2003-07-01 | Paradigm Wireless Communications Llc | Switch assembly with a multi-pole switch for combining amplified RF signals to a single RF signal |
US6650200B2 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2003-11-18 | Anaren Microwave, Inc. | Dynamic combiner/splitter for RF signal systems |
US6658265B1 (en) * | 2000-04-25 | 2003-12-02 | Rf Micro Devices, Inc. | Matching network for a dual mode RF amplifier |
KR20040043444A (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-05-24 | 셀레콤 주식회사 | Power Combiner and Divider Composed of Impedance Matching Circuits |
WO2005022741A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-03-10 | Alcatel | Amplifier with high output power dynamics |
US20060054810A1 (en) * | 2003-01-07 | 2006-03-16 | Ingmar Grasslin | High-frequency system for an mr apparatus with multiple transmit channels |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6518856B1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2003-02-11 | Signal Technology Corporation | RF power divider/combiner circuit |
US6587013B1 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2003-07-01 | Signal Technology Corporation | RF power combiner circuit with spaced capacitive stub |
KR100352577B1 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2002-09-12 | 주식회사 에이스테크놀로지 | Switchable combiner of being improved phase unbalance |
PL216760B1 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2014-05-30 | Bavarian Nordic As | Intergenic regions as insertion sites in the genome of modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4315222A (en) | 1980-03-06 | 1982-02-09 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Power combiner arrangement for microwave amplifiers |
US4472691A (en) | 1982-06-01 | 1984-09-18 | Rca Corporation | Power divider/combiner circuit as for use in a switching matrix |
US5179332A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-01-12 | General Electric Company | NMR radio frequency coil with disable circuit |
US5304943A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-04-19 | Harris Corporation | In-phase combiner and RF recovery system |
US5661434A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1997-08-26 | Fujitsu Compound Semiconductor, Inc. | High efficiency multiple power level amplifier circuit |
US5754082A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-05-19 | Harris Corporation | N-way combiner |
US5867060A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1999-02-02 | Motorola, Inc. | Power delivery system and method of controlling the power delivery system for use in a radio frequency system |
US5872491A (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 1999-02-16 | Kmw Usa, Inc. | Switchable N-way power divider/combiner |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4285346A (en) * | 1979-03-14 | 1981-08-25 | Harry V. LeVeen | Electrode system |
US4965530A (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1990-10-23 | General Electric Company | Parallelled amplifier with switched isolation resistors |
-
1998
- 1998-07-01 US US09/108,734 patent/US6252871B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-07-01 DE DE69915067T patent/DE69915067D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-01 CA CA002336332A patent/CA2336332C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-01 MX MXPA00013012A patent/MXPA00013012A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-07-01 WO PCT/US1999/015002 patent/WO2000002355A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-07-01 EP EP99938714A patent/EP1092302B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-01 BR BR9912506-4A patent/BR9912506A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-07-01 KR KR10-2000-7014970A patent/KR100531267B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4315222A (en) | 1980-03-06 | 1982-02-09 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Power combiner arrangement for microwave amplifiers |
US4472691A (en) | 1982-06-01 | 1984-09-18 | Rca Corporation | Power divider/combiner circuit as for use in a switching matrix |
US5179332A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-01-12 | General Electric Company | NMR radio frequency coil with disable circuit |
US5304943A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-04-19 | Harris Corporation | In-phase combiner and RF recovery system |
US5661434A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1997-08-26 | Fujitsu Compound Semiconductor, Inc. | High efficiency multiple power level amplifier circuit |
US5867060A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1999-02-02 | Motorola, Inc. | Power delivery system and method of controlling the power delivery system for use in a radio frequency system |
US5754082A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-05-19 | Harris Corporation | N-way combiner |
US5872491A (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 1999-02-16 | Kmw Usa, Inc. | Switchable N-way power divider/combiner |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6587014B2 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2003-07-01 | Paradigm Wireless Communications Llc | Switch assembly with a multi-pole switch for combining amplified RF signals to a single RF signal |
US6658265B1 (en) * | 2000-04-25 | 2003-12-02 | Rf Micro Devices, Inc. | Matching network for a dual mode RF amplifier |
US6650200B2 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2003-11-18 | Anaren Microwave, Inc. | Dynamic combiner/splitter for RF signal systems |
KR20040043444A (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-05-24 | 셀레콤 주식회사 | Power Combiner and Divider Composed of Impedance Matching Circuits |
US20060054810A1 (en) * | 2003-01-07 | 2006-03-16 | Ingmar Grasslin | High-frequency system for an mr apparatus with multiple transmit channels |
US7183770B2 (en) * | 2003-01-07 | 2007-02-27 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | High-frequency system for an MR apparatus with multiple transmit channels |
WO2005022741A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-03-10 | Alcatel | Amplifier with high output power dynamics |
US20060192615A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2006-08-31 | Alcatel | Amplifier with high output power dynamic |
JP2007500961A (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2007-01-18 | アルカテル | Amplifier with high output power dynamics |
US7514994B2 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2009-04-07 | Thales | Amplifier with high output power dynamic |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69915067D1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
KR20010071681A (en) | 2001-07-31 |
EP1092302A2 (en) | 2001-04-18 |
WO2000002355A3 (en) | 2000-04-06 |
CA2336332C (en) | 2006-05-23 |
MXPA00013012A (en) | 2003-07-14 |
WO2000002355A2 (en) | 2000-01-13 |
EP1092302A4 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
CA2336332A1 (en) | 2000-01-13 |
KR100531267B1 (en) | 2005-11-28 |
EP1092302B1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
BR9912506A (en) | 2001-05-02 |
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