EP1651740A1 - Compositions d'essence - Google Patents

Compositions d'essence

Info

Publication number
EP1651740A1
EP1651740A1 EP04741982A EP04741982A EP1651740A1 EP 1651740 A1 EP1651740 A1 EP 1651740A1 EP 04741982 A EP04741982 A EP 04741982A EP 04741982 A EP04741982 A EP 04741982A EP 1651740 A1 EP1651740 A1 EP 1651740A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gasoline
nitrogen
ppmw
ethyl levulinate
composition according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04741982A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1651740B1 (fr
Inventor
Adrian Philip Groves
Christopher Morley
Johanne Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to EP04741982A priority Critical patent/EP1651740B1/fr
Publication of EP1651740A1 publication Critical patent/EP1651740A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1651740B1 publication Critical patent/EP1651740B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to gasoline compositions, more particularly to such compositions containing a levulinate ester, and to their preparation and use.
  • Levulinate esters esters of levulinic acid
  • Their preparation by reaction of the appropriate alcohol with furfuryl acetate are described in Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad) (1969) 42(4), 958-9, and in particular the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl esters.
  • WO 9421753 discloses fuels for internal combustion engines, including both gasoline and diesel fuel, containing proportions (e.g.
  • esters of C to Cg keto-carbonic acids, preferably levulinic acid with C ⁇ _ to C22 alcohols.
  • Esters with C ⁇ to Cg alcohols are described as being particularly suitable for inclusion in gasolines, and esters with C9 to C22 alcohols are described as being particularly suitable for inclusion in diesel fuels.
  • the examples in WO 9421753 are all of the inclusion of quantities of levulinate esters in gasolines, for improvement in octane numbers (RON and MON) .
  • 10% v methyl levulinate is incorporated in different base gasolines.
  • Examples 2 to 6 employ, respectively, ethyl levulinate, n-propyl levulinate, isopropyl levulinate, isobutyl levulinate and sec-butyl levulinate.
  • Examples 8 and 9 employ 10% v of mixtures of methyl levulinate and methyl formate, in 1:1 and 2:1 ratios, respectively.
  • Example 11 employs a range of proportions from 5% v to 90% v of methyl levulinate in unleaded Eurosuper gasoline.
  • WO 03002696 (AAE Tech.
  • Int. discloses a fuel composition incorporating levulinic acid, or a functional derivative thereof, with the object of providing more oxygen by volume than ethanol or traditional oxygenates such as MTBE or ETBE, giving little or no increase in fuel Reid vapour pressure and little or no effect on the flash point of the base fuel.
  • the functional derivative is preferably an alkyl derivative, preferably a C ⁇ to C ⁇ Q alkyl derivative. Ethyl levulinate is said to be preferred, with methyl levulinate a preferred alternative.
  • the levulinic acid or functional derivative is preferably used to form 0.1 to 5% v of the fuel.
  • WO 03002696 further incorporates 0.1 to 5% v of a further additive selected from the groups consisting of: a) the optionally alkoxylated linear or branched saturated or unsaturated monoalcohols having 8 to 24 C atoms, containing zero or 1 to 20 mol of ethylene oxide and/or 1 to 5 mol of propylene oxide per mol of alcohol, or b) the polyols having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally partially esterified with fatty acids having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or c) the alkoxylated fatty acids having 12 to 24 carbon atoms and 4 to 20 mol of ethylene oxide per mol of fatty acid, or d) the ethoxylated dimeric fatty acids.
  • a further additive selected from the groups consisting of: a) the optionally alkoxylated linear or branched saturated or unsaturated monoalcohols having 8 to 24 C atoms, containing zero or 1 to 20 mol of ethylene oxide and/or
  • Such fuels are preferably diesel fuels (Page 7, lines 11 to 22) .
  • the fuel is substantially free of alkoxylated compounds and of long chain alkyl alcohols, but it contains an additive of formula R-CO-NR ⁇ -R ⁇ , where R is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, alkyl radical having 6 to 21 carbon atoms (corresponding to number average molecular weight in the range 85 to
  • R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a Ci to
  • a fuel composition which incorporates the levulinic acid, or functional derivative thereof, together with a nitrogen source in the form of (Page 9 lines 8 to 15) a nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, hydrazine, alkyl hydrazine, dialkyl hydrazine, urea, ethanolamine, monoalkyl ethanolamine, and dialkyl ethanolamine wherein alkyl is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n- propyl or isopropyl. Urea is preferred.
  • the nitrogen compound may be an anhydrous compound or a hydrous compound, e.g.
  • aqueous solution an aqueous solution, and may be up to a 5% w/w aqueous solution.
  • Cetane boosters, demulsifers and bio-diesel type fuels may also be present (Page 10, lines 1 to 29) .
  • WO 03002696 states (Page 11, line 31) that
  • compositional and test result data consists of the following sentences :- "Specification gasoline blends containing up to 5.0% ethyl levulinate, 1.0% water and 2.0% non-ionic surfactant were found to have similar RVPs to the base gasoline.”, and "Specification diesel blends containing up to 5.0% ethyl levulinate, 1.0% water and 2.0% non-ionic surfactant were found to have similar flash points to the base diesel.” It has now surprisingly been found that gasoline compositions containing ethyl levulinate together with particular nitrogen-containing detergents can give surprisingly enhanced engine cleanliness performance, and that gasoline compositions containing ethyl levulinate are surprisingly more compatible with certain elastomeric seal materials than gasoline compositions containing similar concentrations of methyl levulinate.
  • a gasoline composition comprising a major amount of a gasoline suitable for use in a spark ignition engine, 1 to 15% v of ethyl levulinate, and 20 to 2000 ppmw of a nitrogen-containing detergent containing a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight in the range 750 to 6000.
  • the ethyl levulinate concentration in the gasoline composition accords with one or more of the following parameters : - (i) it is at least 1.5% v, (ii) it is at least 2% v, (iii) it is at least 3% v, (iv) it is at least 4% v, (v) it is up to 12% v, (vi) it is up to 10% v, (vii) it is up to 8% v, (viii) it is up to 6% v, with ranges having features (i) and (v) , (ii) and (vi) , ( ⁇ i) and (vii) , and (v) and (viii) respectively being progressively more preferred.
  • the gasoline composition preferably contains 50 to
  • the nitrogen-containing detergent containing a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight (Mn) in the range 750 to 6000 may be an amine, e.g. a polyisobutylene mono-amine or polyamine, such as a polyisobutylene ethylene diamine, or N-polyisobutenyl- N' , N' -dimethyl-1, 3-diaminopropane, or amide e.g. a polyisobutenyl succinimide, and are variously described, for example, in US Patent 5,855,629 and WO 0132812.
  • the nitrogen-containing detergent may be a Mannich amine detergent, for example a Mannich amine detergent as described in US Patent 5,725,612.
  • a particularly preferred nitrogen-containing detergent is hydrocarbyl amine of formula RI-NH2, wherein R! represents a group R 2 or a group R2-CH2 ⁇ and R2 represents a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight in the range 750 to 6000, preferably in the range 900 to 3000, more preferably 950 to 2000, and most preferably in the range 950 to 1350, e.g. a polybutenyl or polyisobutenyl group having a number average molecular weight in the range 950 to 1050.
  • the nitrogen-containing detergents are known materials and may be prepared by known methods or by methods analogous to known methods.
  • US Patent 4,832,702 describes the preparation of polybutenyl and polyisobutenyl amines from an appropriate polybutene or polyisobutene by hydroformylation and subsequent amination of the resulting oxo product under hydrogenating conditions.
  • Suitable hydrocarbyl amines are obtainable from BASF A.G., under the trade mark "Kerocom".
  • the gasoline composition may additionally contain one or more carrier fluids, corrosion inhibitors, anti-oxidants, dyes, dehazers, metal deactivators, detergents other than a nitrogen- containing detergent containing a hydrocarbyl group as defined above (e.g. a polyether amine), friction modifiers, diluents and markers.
  • carrier fluids are polyolefins, e.g. polyisobutylene and polyalphaolefins, and polyoxyalkylene compounds. Carrier fluids may conveniently be employed in total concentrations in the range 20 to 8000 ppmw, e.g. 50 to 500 ppmw.
  • Polyalphaolefin carrier fluids are primarily trimers, tetramers and pentamers, and synthesis of such materials is outlined in Campen et al. "Growing use of synlubes", Hydrocarbon Processing, February 1982, Pages 75 to 82.
  • the polyalphaolefin may be unhydrotreated, but it is preferably a hydrogenated oligomer.
  • the polyalphaolefin is preferably derived from an alphaolefinic monomer containing from 8 to 12 carbon atoms. Furthermore, it preferably has viscosity at 100°C in the range 6xl0 ⁇ 6 to 1x10" ⁇ m 2 /s (6 to 10 centistokes) .
  • Polyalphaolefins derived from decene-1 are very suitable.
  • Polyalphaolefin having a viscosity at 100°C of 8xl0 ⁇ 6 m 2 /s (8 centistokes) are very suitable.
  • Polyoxyalkylene carrier fluids, which are very effective, preferably have the formula II
  • R ⁇ and R ⁇ independently represent hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbyl, preferably C__4fj hydrocarbyl, e.g. alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or alkyl-phenyl groups, each R ⁇ > independently represents an alkylene, preferably C2_g alkylene, group, and p is such that Mn of the polyoxyalkylene compound is in the range 400 to 3000, preferably 700 to 2000, more preferably 1000 to 2000.
  • R 3 represents a Cg-20 alkyl group and R 4 represents a hydrogen atom.
  • R 3 preferably represents a Cg-18 alkyl group, more preferably a Cg-is alkyl group.
  • R3 may conveniently be a mixture of Cg_ ⁇ 5 alkyl groups.
  • the groups R ⁇ are preferably 1,2 alkylene groups.
  • each group R5 independently represents a C2- alkylene group, e.g. an ethylene, 1,2- propylene or 1,2-butylene group.
  • Very effective results have been obtained when each group R ⁇ represents a 1,2- propylene group.
  • Number average molecular weights, e.g. of hydrocarbons such as polyalkenes, may be determined by several techniques which give closely similar results.
  • Mn may be determined by vapour phase osmometry (VPO) (ASTM D 3592) or by modern gel permeation chromatography (GPC) , e.g.
  • Very suitable friction modifiers are the fatty acid salt friction modifiers disclosed in DE-A-19955651 (BASF) (e.g. that described in Example 1 thereof), e.g. in an amount in the range 5 to 1000 ppmw, preferably 25 to 400 ppmw, and more preferably 50 to 200 ppmw.
  • gasolines suitable for use in spark ignition engines are mixtures of hydrocarbons having boiling points in the range from 25°C to 232°C and comprising mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons, olefinic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • Preferred are gasoline blends having a saturated hydrocarbon content ranging from 40 to 80 per cent volume, an olefinic hydrocarbon content ranging from 0 to 30 per cent volume and an aromatic hydrocarbon content ranging from 10 to 60 per cent volume.
  • the gasoline can be derived from straight run gasoline, polymer gasoline, natural gasoline, dimer- or trimerised olefins, synthetically produced aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures from thermally or catalytically reformed hydrocarbons, or from catalytically cracked or thermally cracked petroleum stocks, or mixtures thereof.
  • the hydrocarbon composition and octane level of the gasoline are not critical.
  • the octane level, (R+M)/2 will generally be above 85.
  • Any conventional gasoline can be used.
  • hydrocarbons can be replaced by up to substantial amounts of conventional alcohols or ethers conventionally known for use in gasoline.
  • the gasoline is preferably lead-free, and this may be required by law. Where permitted, lead-free antiknock compounds and/or valve-seat recession protectant compounds (e.g. known potassium salts, sodium salts or phosphorous compounds) may be present.
  • Modern gasolines are inherently low-sulphur fuels, e.g. containing less than 200 ppmw sulphur.
  • the invention further provides a process for the preparation of a gasoline composition of the invention as defined above which comprises bringing into admixture the gasoline, the ethyl levulinate and the nitrogen- containing detergent.
  • the fatty acid salt, the co-additive, and any additional components such as corrosion inhibitors, anti-oxidants, etc., as listed above, may be co-mixed, preferably together with suitable diluent (s), in an additive concentrate, and the additive concentrate may be dispersed into gasoline, in suitable quantity to result in a composition of the invention.
  • the invention also provides a method of operating a spark-ignition engine, which comprises bringing into the combustion chambers of said engine a gasoline composition of the invention as defined above.
  • the method of the invention may lead to any of a number of advantageous effects, including good engine keep-clean performance, especially in relation to inlet- system deposits, and clean-up performance can be achieved at the higher concentrations of the nitrogen-containing detergent, advantageous octane performance (RON and MON) and advantageous Reid vapour pressure.
  • the invention will be further understood from the following illustrative examples in which, unless otherwise indicated, parts and percentages are by weight and temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
  • base fuel used was an unleaded gasoline (95 ULG) of RON 98.9, MON 86.6, and having sulphur content (ASTM D 2622-94) of 138 ppmw, aromatics content of 50.7% v/v and olefins content 7.5% v/v (ASTM D6623-01 (procedure C) ) , Density (DIN 51757/V4) 779.1 kg/m 3 , distillation (ISO 3405/88) IBP 35.4°, 95% v/v 174.4, FBP 203°C. Fuels were blended with additives by adding additive to base fuel at ambient temperature (20°C) and homogenising.
  • Ethyl levulinate (ex Avocado Chemicals, cat. No. 15001); "DP" - this was a standard commercial gasoline additive package, containing a polyisobutyleneamine detergent, a synthetic carrier oil and a conventional corrosion inhibitor, corresponding closely to additive package PI of Example 3 of DE-A-19955651.
  • the polyisobutyleneamine detergent was a polyisobutylene monoamine (PIBA) ex BASF, in which the polyisobutylene (PIB) chain has a number average molecular weight of approximately 1000.
  • the synthetic carrier oil was a polyether carrier being a polyoxypropylene glycol hemiether, containing 15 to 30 propylene oxide units prepared using a mixture of alkanols in the 05-15 ran g as initiators, and having Mn in the range 1000 to 2000.
  • the additive package contained about 68% in non-volatile matter, about 27 %w of the package being the PIBA and 40 %w of the package being carrier fluid.
  • MPI has a lambda sensor and exhaust gas recirculation.
  • inlet parts and combustion chambers were cleaned and new pre-weighed inlet valves and new spark plugs fitted to the engine, a new oil filter was fitted and the engine filled with new engine oil.
  • the engine was run for a period of 69 hours under a test procedure corresponding to that of CEC-F-05-A-93, except that the Toyota 3S-FE engine was used in place of the Mercedes Benz M 102 E engine specified in the CEC-F- 05-A-93 procedure, and the torque values differ from those specified in CEC-F-05-A-93 to compensate for the different BMEP (break mean effective pressure) values achieved by the Mercedes Benz M 102 E and the Toyota 3S- FE engines.
  • the specific conditions of each cycle were:- Stage time (sees) rpm torque (Nm) 1 30 850 idle 2 60 1300 26 3 120 1850 28 4 60 3000 30

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition d'essence comprenant une quantité majeure d'une essence appropriée pour être utilisée dans un moteur à allumage par étincelle, 1 à 15 % en v de lévulinate d'éthyle et 20 à 2 000 ppmw d'un détergent azoté contenant un groupe hydrocarbyle d'un poids moléculaire moyen en nombre compris entre 750 et 6 000. Cette invention concerne également la préparation d'une composition de ce type et son utilisation dans le fonctionnement d'un moteur à allumage par étincelle.
EP04741982A 2003-07-15 2004-07-08 Compositions d'essence Expired - Lifetime EP1651740B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04741982A EP1651740B1 (fr) 2003-07-15 2004-07-08 Compositions d'essence

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03254454 2003-07-15
PCT/EP2004/051423 WO2005014759A1 (fr) 2003-07-15 2004-07-08 Compositions d'essence
EP04741982A EP1651740B1 (fr) 2003-07-15 2004-07-08 Compositions d'essence

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1651740A1 true EP1651740A1 (fr) 2006-05-03
EP1651740B1 EP1651740B1 (fr) 2012-05-02

Family

ID=34072685

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04741982A Expired - Lifetime EP1651740B1 (fr) 2003-07-15 2004-07-08 Compositions d'essence

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US20050016058A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1651740B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5048329B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN100432196C (fr)
AR (1) AR046256A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE556128T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2004263662B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0412640A (fr)
CA (1) CA2533001C (fr)
MY (1) MY137521A (fr)
NO (1) NO20060707L (fr)
NZ (1) NZ544457A (fr)
WO (1) WO2005014759A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200600204B (fr)

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US6494879B2 (en) * 1998-10-15 2002-12-17 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Treating urinary retention
WO2007012585A1 (fr) * 2005-07-25 2007-02-01 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Compositions combustibles

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE556128T1 (de) 2012-05-15
CN1823153A (zh) 2006-08-23
CA2533001C (fr) 2013-04-30
NZ544457A (en) 2009-06-26
JP2009513750A (ja) 2009-04-02
EP1651740B1 (fr) 2012-05-02
MY137521A (en) 2009-02-27
ZA200600204B (en) 2007-03-28
WO2005014759A1 (fr) 2005-02-17
CA2533001A1 (fr) 2005-02-17
NO20060707L (no) 2006-02-14
BRPI0412640A (pt) 2006-09-26
CN100432196C (zh) 2008-11-12
AU2004263662A1 (en) 2005-02-17
AR046256A1 (es) 2005-11-30
US20050016058A1 (en) 2005-01-27
AU2004263662B2 (en) 2008-02-28
JP5048329B2 (ja) 2012-10-17

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