EP1651010A1 - Flexible heating element and its use in seat or steering wheel heating systems of vehicles or in other accessory, the production of textiles, pipes, structures and moulds. - Google Patents
Flexible heating element and its use in seat or steering wheel heating systems of vehicles or in other accessory, the production of textiles, pipes, structures and moulds. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1651010A1 EP1651010A1 EP04292518A EP04292518A EP1651010A1 EP 1651010 A1 EP1651010 A1 EP 1651010A1 EP 04292518 A EP04292518 A EP 04292518A EP 04292518 A EP04292518 A EP 04292518A EP 1651010 A1 EP1651010 A1 EP 1651010A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- element according
- flexible
- flexible heating
- armature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
- H05B3/56—Heating cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/009—Heaters using conductive material in contact with opposing surfaces of the resistive element or resistive layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flexible heating element that can be used in many applications and more particularly intended to be incorporated in a heated seat of land or air vehicles, for example.
- Such heating elements are widely used in the form of heating wires for this type of use.
- product ranges have been developed from stranded or un-stranded copper wires whose linear resistivity generates a heating power correlated with the current intensity according to the Joule effect.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a flexible heating element having good fatigue strength, good flexibility, good conductivity and good resistance to oxidation, all for a minimal footprint.
- the conductive core is further protected by the armature against abrasive wear or any risk of cut.
- the heating element according to the invention can find a use for heating seats of land or air vehicles, for the manufacture of heating pipes, for the manufacture of heating textiles and in particular heating clothing, for the manufacture of resin heating molds, as well as in a corrosive medium. It can also be used for heating flywheels or other accessories and for the realization of any type of heating structures.
- This heating element consists of a conductive core 1 formed of a plurality of copper wires, slightly stranded. These copper son are fine and in particular have a diameter of between 20 and 100 microns, preferably between 50 and 80 microns.
- These son may be continuous filaments obtained by drawing, but may also be made of fibers agglomerated together by any means, and especially by spinning.
- a material is conductive if it has a resistivity of less than 1000 ohms / m. However, it will be preferred to use materials having a resistivity of less than 300 ohms / m or even less than 200 ohms / m.
- the second component of this element is a braided outer armature 2 formed from stainless steel wires. As can be seen in Figure 1, this element can be made simply by braiding the steel wires around the copper wire strand.
- an outer frame in the form of a simple winding or a double wrapping or even a knit or more generally a knitting son, replacing the braided frame.
- a conductive core of another electrically conductive material such as silver or aluminum, for example.
- the conductive son may be covered with an insulating coating or not, such as an enamelled coating. The possible coating of these son is individual, because a global coating encapsulating or surrounding the entire core would significantly reduce its flexibility, which goes against the goals sought in the present invention.
- This insulating coating has the advantage of avoiding the creation of a hot spot in case of accidental breakage of one of the son of the conductive core, while allowing the heating element to continue to operate with a light power. scaled down. In addition, this insulating coating has been found not to substantially reduce the resistivity of the assembly.
- the coating of these wires may, in another embodiment, be made of metals such as nickel or tin, deposited by any suitable method, such as hot dip coating or electroplating.
- Such a coating may also have for object the protection of the son of the conductive core against oxidation, especially when these son are copper or copper alloy.
- the flexible heating element shown therein comprises a heat-stable core core 10 of a material such as aramids or PBO (para-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole).
- This core 10 has the function of increasing the mechanical strength and the creep resistance of the entire element to make it suitable for use in the context of fatigue stress or large mechanical stresses.
- a conductive core 11 made of stranded copper wires, similar to the conductive core 1 of the first embodiment.
- This conductive core 11 is in turn surrounded by a braided outer frame 12 made of stainless iron-chromium alloy.
- the flexible outer armature according to the invention is made of a steel or a stainless alloy. It will be possible to use iron-chromium alloys with more than 10.5% chromium or iron-nickel alloys, especially when it is desired to control the spring effect.
- the flexible heating element is covered with an insulating sheath of plastic, such as PTFE, for example.
- This sheath can in particular be deposited by extrusion, or plasticization.
- the presence of the stainless steel under this sheath brings the additional advantage of facilitating the stripping thereof, especially during the welding operations necessary for the connection of the element.
- the heating element according to the invention can be used in applications that do not require a resistance of the material beyond 400 ° C.
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un élément chauffant flexible pouvant être utilisé dans de nombreuses applications et plus particulièrement destiné à être incorporé à un siège chauffant de véhicules terrestres ou aériens, par exemple.The present invention relates to a flexible heating element that can be used in many applications and more particularly intended to be incorporated in a heated seat of land or air vehicles, for example.
De tels éléments chauffants sont largement utilisés sous forme de fils chauffants pour ce type d'usage. Ainsi, des gammes de produit ont été développées à partir de fils de cuivre toronnés ou non, dont la résistivité linéaire génère une puissance de chauffe corrélée avec l'intensité du courant selon l'effet Joule.Such heating elements are widely used in the form of heating wires for this type of use. Thus product ranges have been developed from stranded or un-stranded copper wires whose linear resistivity generates a heating power correlated with the current intensity according to the Joule effect.
Cependant, ces produits ont rapidement posé des problèmes d'oxydation, de résistance mécanique et à la fatigue insuffisantes. De nombreuses solutions visant à remédier à ces défauts ont alors été développées.However, these products quickly caused problems of oxidation, mechanical resistance and insufficient fatigue. Many solutions to remedy these defects were then developed.
L'une d'entre elles a consisté à enrober les fils chauffants de gaines plastifiées de protection, les fils étant enrobés individuellement ou bien encore noyés dans une masse thermoplastique. Ceci crée cependant des fils ayant une très faible flexibilité, qui, lorsqu'ils sont utilisés dans des applications à forte sollicitation thermique et en fatigue, présentent une faible durée de vie.One of them consisted in coating the heating wires with plasticized protective sheaths, the wires being coated individually or even embedded in a thermoplastic mass. However, this creates wires with very little flexibility, which, when used in applications with high thermal stress and fatigue, have a short life.
Une autre solution a alors consisté à modifier le matériau des fils conducteurs pour en choisir un plus résistant aux contraintes mécaniques répétées et à l'oxydation. Le choix s'est naturellement porté sur des fils en acier inoxydable. Cependant, leur conductivité est relativement faible et il a été nécessaire d'augmenter considérablement le diamètre total du fil chauffant pour obtenir la puissance requise. Outre un coût élevé, cette solution pose problème en terme d'encombrement et d'esthétique, ces fils étant souvent dissimulés au regard.Another solution was then to change the material of the conductive son to choose a more resistant to repeated mechanical stress and oxidation. The choice was naturally made of stainless steel wires. However, their conductivity is relatively low and it has been necessary to increase considerably the total diameter of the heating wire to obtain the required power. In addition to a high cost, this solution is problematic in terms of size and aesthetics, these threads are often hidden from view.
Une autre solution a ensuite été d'utiliser des fils d'acier revêtus de cuivre pour améliorer le rendement énergétique tout en maintenant un encombrement réduit. Cependant, le tréfilage de tels produits pose problème et on observe en particulier des casses fréquentes et un relatif manque de souplesse et de résistance à la fatigue des fils obtenus.Another solution was then to use copper-coated steel wires to improve energy efficiency while maintaining a small footprint. However, the drawing of such products is problematic and we observe in particular frequent breaks and a relative lack of flexibility and fatigue resistance of the son obtained.
Le but de l'invention est donc de mettre à disposition un élément chauffant flexible présentant une bonne résistance en fatigue, une bonne flexibilité, une bonne conductivité et une bonne résistance à l'oxydation, tout cela pour un encombrement minimal.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a flexible heating element having good fatigue strength, good flexibility, good conductivity and good resistance to oxidation, all for a minimal footprint.
A cet effet, un premier objet de l'invention est constitué par un élément chauffant flexible constitué :
- d'une âme conductrice constituée d'un ou plusieurs fils de matériau métallique conducteur, chaque fil étant éventuellement couvert d'un revêtement, l'âme pouvant éventuellement comporter en son centre une armature thermostable, et
- d'une armature externe flexible en fils d'acier ou d'alliage inoxydable.
- a conductive core made of one or more wires of conductive metal material, each wire optionally being covered with a coating, the core optionally having at its center a heat-stable reinforcement, and
- a flexible outer frame made of steel wire or stainless steel alloy.
Les inventeurs ont en effet constaté qu'un tel élément chauffant permettait de résoudre les différents problèmes techniques posés pour un diamètre de l'ensemble minimal.The inventors have indeed found that such a heating element made it possible to solve the various technical problems posed for a diameter of the minimum set.
L'âme conductrice est en outre protégée par l'armature contre toute usure par abrasion ou tout risque de coupure.The conductive core is further protected by the armature against abrasive wear or any risk of cut.
Par ailleurs, on observe un effet ressort de l'armature inoxydable, qui évite les phénomènes de pliures de l'âme, tout en permettant un excellent comportement lorsqu'on soumet le fil à de faibles rayons de courbure lors de sa mise en oeuvre. En évitant ainsi les pliures, on améliore considérablement la tenue en fatigue de l'ensemble, car ces pliures sont les sites privilégiés de rupture lors d'une sollicitation thermique et/ou mécanique.Furthermore, there is a spring effect of the stainless steel frame, which avoids creasing phenomena of the core, while allowing excellent behavior when subjecting the wire to small radii of curvature during its implementation. By thus avoiding folds, the fatigue strength of the assembly is considerably improved, since these folds are the preferred sites of rupture during a thermal and / or mechanical stress.
L'élément chauffant selon l'invention peut en outre comporter l'une quelconque des caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en combinaison :
- l'armature externe flexible est constituée par l'enroulement d'un fil d'acier ou d'alliage inoxydable,
- l'armature externe flexible est constituée par un double guipage de fils d'acier ou d'alliage inoxydable,
- l'armature externe flexible est constituée par un tressage de fils d'acier ou d'alliage inoxydable,
- l'armature externe flexible est constituée par un tricotage de fils d'acier ou d'alliage inoxydable,
- l'âme conductrice est constituée de 1 à 100 fils de matériau métallique conducteur, chaque fil étant éventuellement couvert d'un revêtement,
- l'âme conductrice est constituée d'au moins deux fils de matériau métallique conducteur toronnés,
- chaque fil de matériau métallique conducteur de ladite âme conductrice est recouvert d'un revêtement émaillé,
- le matériau métallique conducteur de l'âme conductrice est choisi parmi le cuivre, l'aluminium, l'argent et leurs alliages, et est de préférence du cuivre ou un alliage de cuivre,
- l'armature externe flexible est constituée de fils d'acier ou d'alliage inoxydable présentant un diamètre compris entre 10 et 100 µm,
- le ou les fils de matériau métallique conducteur présentent un diamètre compris entre 20 et 100 µm,
- l'armature externe flexible est constituée de fils d'acier inoxydable,
- l'âme conductrice comprend une armature centrale thermostable,
- l'élément chauffant comprend en outre une gaine isolante en matière plastique enveloppant l'armature externe.
- the flexible outer armature is constituted by the winding of a steel wire or stainless alloy,
- the flexible outer armature is constituted by a double wrapping of steel or stainless alloy wires,
- the flexible external reinforcement is constituted by a braiding of steel or stainless alloy wires,
- the flexible outer reinforcement consists of a knitting of steel or stainless alloy wires,
- the conductive core consists of 1 to 100 son of conductive metal material, each wire possibly being covered with a coating,
- the conductive core is constituted by at least two strands of conductive metal stranded material,
- each wire of conductive metal material of said conductive core is covered with an enamelled coating,
- the conductive metal material of the conductive core is selected from copper, aluminum, silver and their alloys, and is preferably copper or a copper alloy,
- the flexible outer reinforcement is made of steel or stainless alloy wires having a diameter of between 10 and 100 μm,
- the wire (s) of conductive metal material have a diameter of between 20 and 100 μm,
- the flexible outer frame is made of stainless steel wire,
- the conductive core comprises a heat-stable central frame,
- the heating element further comprises an insulating sheath of plastic material enclosing the outer frame.
L'élément chauffant selon l'invention peut trouver une utilisation pour le chauffage de sièges de véhicules terrestres ou aériens, pour la fabrication de tuyaux chauffants, pour la fabrication de textiles chauffants et en particulier de vêtements chauffants, pour la fabrication de moules chauffants en résine, ainsi qu'en milieu corrosif. On pourra également l'utiliser pour le chauffage de volants ou de tout autre accessoire ainsi que pour la réalisation de tout type de structures chauffantes.The heating element according to the invention can find a use for heating seats of land or air vehicles, for the manufacture of heating pipes, for the manufacture of heating textiles and in particular heating clothing, for the manufacture of resin heating molds, as well as in a corrosive medium. It can also be used for heating flywheels or other accessories and for the realization of any type of heating structures.
L'invention va maintenant être décrite de façon plus précise mais non limitative, en regard des figures annexées dans lesquelles :
- La figure 1 représente un premier mode de réalisation d'un élément chauffant selon l'invention,
- La figure 2 représente un second mode de réalisation d'un élément chauffant selon l'invention.
- FIG. 1 represents a first embodiment of a heating element according to the invention,
- Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a heating element according to the invention.
Si l'on considère la figure 1, on peut y voir un élément chauffant flexible selon un premier mode de réalisation. Cet élément chauffant est constitué d'une âme conductrice 1 formée d'une pluralité de fils de cuivre, légèrement toronnés. Ces fils de cuivre sont fins et présentent en particulier un diamètre compris entre 20 et 100 µm, de préférence compris entre 50 et 80 µm.If we consider Figure 1, we can see a flexible heating element according to a first embodiment. This heating element consists of a conductive core 1 formed of a plurality of copper wires, slightly stranded. These copper son are fine and in particular have a diameter of between 20 and 100 microns, preferably between 50 and 80 microns.
Ces fils peuvent être des filaments continus obtenus par tréfilage, mais peuvent également être constitués de fibres agglomérées entre elles par tout moyen, et notamment par filage.These son may be continuous filaments obtained by drawing, but may also be made of fibers agglomerated together by any means, and especially by spinning.
Dans le cadre de la présente demande, on considère qu'une matière est conductrice si elle présente une résistivité inférieure à 1000 Ohms/m. On préférera cependant utiliser des matières ayant une résistivité inférieure à 300 Ohms/m, voire inférieure à 200 Ohms/m.In the context of the present application, it is considered that a material is conductive if it has a resistivity of less than 1000 ohms / m. However, it will be preferred to use materials having a resistivity of less than 300 ohms / m or even less than 200 ohms / m.
Le second constituant de cet élément est une armature externe tressée 2 formée à partir de fils d'acier inoxydable. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1, cet élément peut être fabriqué simplement en tressant les fils d'acier autour du toron de fils de cuivre.The second component of this element is a braided
Il est également possible d'utiliser une armature externe prenant la forme d'un simple enroulement ou d'un double guipage ou bien encore d'une tricotine ou plus généralement d'un tricotage de fils, en remplacement de l'armature tressée.It is also possible to use an outer frame in the form of a simple winding or a double wrapping or even a knit or more generally a knitting son, replacing the braided frame.
Il est bien entendu possible d'utiliser une âme conductrice en un autre matériau conducteur d'électricité, tel que l'argent ou l'aluminium, par exemple. En outre, les fils conducteurs peuvent être recouverts d'un revêtement isolant ou non, tel qu'un revêtement émaillé. L'éventuel revêtement de ces fils est individuel, car un revêtement global enrobant ou entourant l'ensemble de l'âme diminuerait considérablement sa flexibilité, ce qui va à l'encontre des buts recherchés dans la présente invention.It is of course possible to use a conductive core of another electrically conductive material, such as silver or aluminum, for example. In addition, the conductive son may be covered with an insulating coating or not, such as an enamelled coating. The possible coating of these son is individual, because a global coating encapsulating or surrounding the entire core would significantly reduce its flexibility, which goes against the goals sought in the present invention.
Ce revêtement isolant présente l'avantage d'éviter la création d'un point chaud en cas de rupture accidentelle de l'un des fils de l'âme conductrice, tout en permettant à l'élément chauffant de continuer à fonctionner avec une puissance légèrement réduite. En outre, ce revêtement isolant s'est avéré ne pas réduire sensiblement la résistivité de l'ensemble.This insulating coating has the advantage of avoiding the creation of a hot spot in case of accidental breakage of one of the son of the conductive core, while allowing the heating element to continue to operate with a light power. scaled down. In addition, this insulating coating has been found not to substantially reduce the resistivity of the assembly.
Le revêtement de ces fils peut, dans un autre mode de réalisation, être constitué de métaux tels que le nickel ou l'étain, déposés par tout procédé adapté, comme le revêtement au trempé à chaud ou l'électrodéposition.The coating of these wires may, in another embodiment, be made of metals such as nickel or tin, deposited by any suitable method, such as hot dip coating or electroplating.
Un tel revêtement peut également avoir pour objet la protection des fils de l'âme conductrice contre l'oxydation, en particulier lorsque ces fils sont en cuivre ou alliage de cuivre.Such a coating may also have for object the protection of the son of the conductive core against oxidation, especially when these son are copper or copper alloy.
Si l'on considère à présent la figure 2, on peut y voir un second mode de réalisation selon l'invention. L'élément chauffant flexible qui y est représenté comprend une âme centrale thermostable 10 en un matériau tel que des aramides ou PBO (para-phénylène-2.6-benzobisoxazole). Cette âme 10 a pour fonction d'augmenter la résistance mécanique et la résistance au fluage de l'ensemble de l'élément pour le rendre apte à l'utilisation dans le cadre de sollicitations en fatigue ou tensions mécaniques importantes.If we now consider Figure 2, we can see a second embodiment of the invention. The flexible heating element shown therein comprises a heat-stable core core 10 of a material such as aramids or PBO (para-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole). This core 10 has the function of increasing the mechanical strength and the creep resistance of the entire element to make it suitable for use in the context of fatigue stress or large mechanical stresses.
Elle est entourée d'une âme conductrice 11 constituée de fils de cuivre toronnés, analogue à l'âme conductrice 1 du premier mode de réalisation. Cette âme conductrice 11 est à son tour entourée d'une armature externe tressée 12 en alliage fer-chrome inoxydable.It is surrounded by a conductive core 11 made of stranded copper wires, similar to the conductive core 1 of the first embodiment. This conductive core 11 is in turn surrounded by a braided outer frame 12 made of stainless iron-chromium alloy.
L'armature externe flexible selon l'invention est réalisée dans un acier ou un alliage inoxydable. On pourra utiliser ainsi des alliages fer-chrome à plus de 10,5% de chrome ou encore des alliages fer-nickel, en particulier lorsque l'on souhaite maîtriser l'effet ressort.The flexible outer armature according to the invention is made of a steel or a stainless alloy. It will be possible to use iron-chromium alloys with more than 10.5% chromium or iron-nickel alloys, especially when it is desired to control the spring effect.
Dans un mode de réalisation non représenté, l'élément chauffant flexible est recouvert d'une gaine isolante en matière plastique, tel que du PTFE, par exemple. Cette gaine peut notamment être déposée par extrusion, ou plastification. La présence de l'armature inoxydable sous cette gaine, apporte l'avantage supplémentaire de faciliter le dénudage de celle-ci, notamment lors des opérations de soudage nécessaires à la connexion de l'élément.In an embodiment not shown, the flexible heating element is covered with an insulating sheath of plastic, such as PTFE, for example. This sheath can in particular be deposited by extrusion, or plasticization. The presence of the stainless steel under this sheath, brings the additional advantage of facilitating the stripping thereof, especially during the welding operations necessary for the connection of the element.
Lorsque les fils de l'âme conductrice sont constitués de cuivre, l'élément chauffant selon l'invention pourra être utilisé dans des applications ne nécessitant pas une résistance du matériau au-delà de 400°C.When the son of the conductive core are made of copper, the heating element according to the invention can be used in applications that do not require a resistance of the material beyond 400 ° C.
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04292518A EP1651010A1 (en) | 2004-10-25 | 2004-10-25 | Flexible heating element and its use in seat or steering wheel heating systems of vehicles or in other accessory, the production of textiles, pipes, structures and moulds. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04292518A EP1651010A1 (en) | 2004-10-25 | 2004-10-25 | Flexible heating element and its use in seat or steering wheel heating systems of vehicles or in other accessory, the production of textiles, pipes, structures and moulds. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1651010A1 true EP1651010A1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
Family
ID=34931474
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04292518A Withdrawn EP1651010A1 (en) | 2004-10-25 | 2004-10-25 | Flexible heating element and its use in seat or steering wheel heating systems of vehicles or in other accessory, the production of textiles, pipes, structures and moulds. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1651010A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2130473A1 (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2009-12-09 | Panasonic Corporation | Toilet seat device |
| EP2285180A1 (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2011-02-16 | Nexans | Electric heat conductor |
| KR101678801B1 (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-11-22 | 김원선 | Heating textiles, method for manufacturing heating textiles, and heating mat using heating textiles |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1453030A (en) * | 1972-10-20 | 1976-10-20 | Pyrotenax Ltd | Stranded wire rope |
| US20010006173A1 (en) * | 1999-04-22 | 2001-07-05 | Malden Mills Industries, Inc. | Electric resistance heating/warming fabric articles |
| DE10137976A1 (en) * | 2001-08-08 | 2002-11-21 | Leoni Draht Gmbh & Co Kg | Braid, especially for motor vehicle seat heating, has combination of several types of individual wires with different electrical properties for setting desired electrical characteristics |
-
2004
- 2004-10-25 EP EP04292518A patent/EP1651010A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1453030A (en) * | 1972-10-20 | 1976-10-20 | Pyrotenax Ltd | Stranded wire rope |
| US20010006173A1 (en) * | 1999-04-22 | 2001-07-05 | Malden Mills Industries, Inc. | Electric resistance heating/warming fabric articles |
| DE10137976A1 (en) * | 2001-08-08 | 2002-11-21 | Leoni Draht Gmbh & Co Kg | Braid, especially for motor vehicle seat heating, has combination of several types of individual wires with different electrical properties for setting desired electrical characteristics |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2130473A1 (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2009-12-09 | Panasonic Corporation | Toilet seat device |
| EP2130473A4 (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2017-03-29 | Panasonic Corporation | Toilet seat device |
| EP2285180A1 (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2011-02-16 | Nexans | Electric heat conductor |
| KR101678801B1 (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-11-22 | 김원선 | Heating textiles, method for manufacturing heating textiles, and heating mat using heating textiles |
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