EP1649949A1 - Method of heating forging tools in a forging device, and releasable furnace element for heating such tools - Google Patents

Method of heating forging tools in a forging device, and releasable furnace element for heating such tools Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1649949A1
EP1649949A1 EP05109918A EP05109918A EP1649949A1 EP 1649949 A1 EP1649949 A1 EP 1649949A1 EP 05109918 A EP05109918 A EP 05109918A EP 05109918 A EP05109918 A EP 05109918A EP 1649949 A1 EP1649949 A1 EP 1649949A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insert
heating
forging
removable
holder
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Granted
Application number
EP05109918A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1649949B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Serge Bergue
Michel Breton
Philippe François Christian Sagot
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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SNECMA SAS
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Publication of EP1649949A1 publication Critical patent/EP1649949A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J17/00—Forge furnaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of forging by means of pressure forging machines such as hydraulic presses.
  • the invention relates in particular to the latter technique.
  • the temperature of the steel tool can not exceed 450 to 500 ° C, due to the thermomechanical limitations of the material.
  • the simplest design would be to produce one-piece tools. However, the cost would be high and the feasibility made difficult by the volume of alloy material to be involved.
  • the active part ie the etched matrix
  • the active part is a nickel-based refractory superalloy. It is mounted removably and wedged in a su port, said insert door, steel. The latter has the function of distributing the forces exerted by the press and storing the calories.
  • the two elements constituting this tooling are heated separately in furnaces heated respectively to 450-500 ° C. and 750 ° C.
  • the die is placed in the holder-holder by adjusting its position by means of appropriate wedging keys and the whole is transported on the machine where they are fixed on the trays. These operations are performed for the two tools, lower and upper.
  • Another method would be to heat the tools on the spot by means of gas ramps but the tests have shown as previously poor quality of heating with low performance.
  • the applicant has set itself the goal of developing a method of heating tooling machines or forging presses that overcomes the disadvantages reported above.
  • the method of heating a forging machine tool comprising an insert holder and an insert having a free face with a forging cavity, in preparation for a forging operation in said forging machine, is characterized in that there is disposed on the insert-holder an oven element comprising at least one burner and a gas evacuation chimney, forming with said face of the insert a closed heating chamber, said enclosure is heated until the insert reaches a predetermined temperature, the furnace element is removed.
  • said enclosure is heated by combustion of a combustion fluid inside thereof.
  • the removable oven element has the function of overheating the insert relative to the insert holder.
  • the assembly of the insert holder and the insert has been preheated in an oven to a first temperature below said predetermined temperature.
  • the invention also relates to a removable oven element for the implementation of the method; according to a feature, it comprises a metal wall, lined with an insulating layer, with at least one burner.
  • the burner is oriented tangentially to produce a swirling flow along the wall.
  • the element advantageously comprises a means of evacuation of the combustion gases.
  • the furnace element is advantageously part of a removable heating assembly comprising a means for supplying combustion fluids and means for regulating the power and the heating time.
  • Forging is produced by placing a blank between two dies, each having an appropriate impression, and then bringing the latter closer to each other with a pressure sufficient to deform the blank to obtain a part whose geometry corresponds to that of the footprints.
  • FIG. 1 shows two matrices 1 and 3 each with an imprint for the manufacture of a part, here for example an aeronautical turbomachine rotor disc made of titanium alloy.
  • the two matrices or inserts are mounted in two insert holders 11 and 13 respectively.
  • the two inserts can be constituted by assembling several parts, here 11a and 11b, for one, and 13a and 13b for the other, or be in one piece each.
  • the insert assembly 1 and insert holder 11 constitutes the lower tooling 111.
  • the insert assembly 3 and the insert holder 13 constitutes the upper tooling 313.
  • the two tools are mounted in the machine or forging press which is not represented. This is in itself well known.
  • any type of forging gear by pressure is suitable.
  • Figure 1 The installation of Figure 1 comprises a removable oven element 20 placed between the two tools, so as to form a formed enclosure. This enclosure is delimited laterally by the wall of the element 20 and passively cross by the two inserts 1 and 3. It is observed that the element 20 is in vertical support on the vertical walls of the two inserts 11 and 13 respectively, of such that the latter are outside the enclosure.
  • the wall of the furnace element has an opening through which a burner 30 opens into the enclosure.
  • the burner is supplied with fluids for combustion by tubes 31 and 32 flexible connected to a feed unit 38, here mobile.
  • This unit comprises fluid control means 33, and means 34 for controlling this power supply to adjust the power of the heating, possibly with a means for regulating the temperature.
  • the fluid supply valve for combustion can be controlled by a temperature controller. This is to heat the enclosure, preferably as quickly as possible, so as to reduce heat loss through the wall of the insert holder.
  • Figure 2 shows the element 20, isolated and viewed from above.
  • This element comprises a metal wall 21 lined inside an insulating material 22.
  • a non-radial opening 24 is formed in the wall and the insulator.
  • the burner 30 is mounted on the wall 21 and opens into the opening.
  • a second opening passes through the wall 21 and is connected to a chimney 27 for evacuation of the combustion gases. Finally, it is observed that ears 25 are welded to the wall 21 and form plugs for handling the furnace element.
  • the inserts 1 and 3 are sized relative to their housing in their respective insert holder, so that there is a slight play at room temperature. This game allows easy assembly and disassembly of the inserts.
  • This clearance is chosen, preferably, so that it is absorbed when the tools leave the oven at the first temperature, between 450 and 500 ° C.
  • Figure 3 schematically shows an application of the method of the invention to the overheating of an insert having a deep etch. It can be a spinning pot.
  • the tool 200 consists of an inset holder 210, made of steel, for example, in the form of a cylindrical pot with a bottom, containing an insert 201 in su permalling.
  • the insert 201 covers the inner wall of the pot.
  • the shape is intended to allow the introduction of a punch, vertically in the pot for the extrusion of a metal that is in the bottom of the pot.
  • the pot does not include the punch or any part.
  • a bell-shaped removable oven element 120 is placed in abutment on the edge of the insert holder 210.
  • the element 120 consists of a cylindrical metal wall 121 , coated with an insulator 122, and a bottom cross wall 123. The diameter is determined by that of the insert holder.
  • On this wall 123 there is a burner 130 with its combustion fluid supply tubes. The burner 130 extends to the bottom of the pot by a tube 131, so that the combustion occurs as close as possible to the bottom of the insert.
  • the arrows show the circulation of the hot combustion gases along the inner face of the insert. These are then evacuated by the chimney 127 fixed on the wall 121.
  • the furnace element 120 When it comes to overheating the superalloy insert relative to the insert holder. 210, the furnace element 120 is used by placing it on the pot 200 so as to constitute a closed enclosure e, defined by the insert 201 on the one hand and the inside of the bell 120 on the other hand. A combustion is produced in the enclosure so as to heat the insert and to bring it up to the desired temperature. When the temperature is reached, the cowl 120 is removed and the forging operation is carried out.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The heating of a forging machine tool, with an insert carrier (11, 13) and an insert (1, 3) with forging imprint on a free face, in preparation for a forging operation is achieved by arranging a furnace element (20) on the insert carrier. The furnace element has a burner (30) and a chimney for the evacuation of gas, forming with the face of the insert a heating enclosure. The enclosure is heated until the insert attains a determined temperature and the furnace element is then retracted. Independent claims are also included for : (A) a removable furnace element used in this method of heating a forging machine tool; (B) a removable heating assembly incorporating the removable furnace element.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine du forgeage au moyen d'engins de forge par pression tels que des presses hydrauliques.The present invention relates to the field of forging by means of pressure forging machines such as hydraulic presses.

Les performances des turbomachines aéronautiques augmentant, les pièces les constituant doivent présenter des caractéristiques mécaniques accrues ; il s'agit notamment d'éviter l'apparition de criques ou autres défauts dans la masse. Ainsi pour les applications aéronautiques l'utilisation des alliages de titane s'est développée pour répondre à la fois aux exigences de réduction de masse et d'obtention du meilleur compromis entre les caractéristiques mécaniques et la tenue en service correspondant à l'amélioration des performances.As the performance of aeronautical turbomachines increases, the parts constituting them must have increased mechanical characteristics; it is especially to avoid the appearance of cracks or other defects in the mass. Thus for aeronautical applications the use of titanium alloys has developed to meet both the requirements of mass reduction and obtaining the best compromise between the mechanical characteristics and the service life corresponding to the improvement of the performances. .

Dans ce but, on a fait évoluer les techniques de forgeage. On utilise maintenant un outillage préalablement chauffé pour assurer une meilleure répartition des températures dans la pièce pendant l'opération de pressage.For this purpose, forging techniques have been developed. Pre-heated equipment is now used to ensure a better distribution of temperatures in the workpiece during the pressing operation.

On peut utiliser une technique de forgeage isotherme, où la pièce et l'outillage sont amenés à une même température, mais celle-ci est lourde à mettre en oeuvre.It is possible to use an isothermal forging technique, where the workpiece and the tools are brought to the same temperature, but this is heavy to implement.

On peut aussi utiliser des engins de forgeage classiques avec un outillage dit à matrice chaudeIt is also possible to use conventional forging machines with so-called hot-die tools

L'invention se rapporte notamment à cette dernière technique.The invention relates in particular to the latter technique.

Cependant la température de l'outillage en acier ne peut excéder 450 à 500°C, en raison des limitations thermomécaniques du matériau.However, the temperature of the steel tool can not exceed 450 to 500 ° C, due to the thermomechanical limitations of the material.

Afin de pouvoir augmenter la température de forgeage sans pour autant mettre en oeuvre une technique de forgeage isotherme, on a été amené à employer des alliages plus résistants, tels que des superalliages à base nickel. On peut ainsi effectuer un chauffage de l'outillage jusqu'à 750°C.In order to be able to increase the forging temperature without using an isothermal forging technique, it was necessary to use alloys more resistant, such as nickel-based superalloys. It is thus possible to heat the tooling up to 750 ° C.

La conception la plus simple consisterait à réaliser un outillage monobloc. Cependant le coût en serait élevé et la faisabilité rendue difficile par le volume de matière en alliage à mettre en jeu.The simplest design would be to produce one-piece tools. However, the cost would be high and the feasibility made difficult by the volume of alloy material to be involved.

On a donc conçu des outillages bi-métalliques. La partie active, c'est à dire la matrice gravée, est en superalliage réfractaire à base nickel. Elle est montée de manière amovible et calée dans un su pport, dit porte insert, en acier. Ce dernier a pour fonction de répartir les efforts exercés par la presse et stocker les calories.We have therefore designed bi-metallic tools. The active part, ie the etched matrix, is a nickel-based refractory superalloy. It is mounted removably and wedged in a su port, said insert door, steel. The latter has the function of distributing the forces exerted by the press and storing the calories.

Pour la mise en oeuvre de cette technique, on chauffe séparément les deux éléments constituant cet outillage dans des fours chauffés respectivement à 450 -500°C et 750°C. On place la matrice dans le porte -insert en ajustant sa position au moyen de clavettes de calage appropriées et on transporte l'ensemble sur l'engin où on les fixe sur les plateaux. Ces opérations sont effectuées pour les deux outillages, inférieur et supérieur.For the implementation of this technique, the two elements constituting this tooling are heated separately in furnaces heated respectively to 450-500 ° C. and 750 ° C. The die is placed in the holder-holder by adjusting its position by means of appropriate wedging keys and the whole is transported on the machine where they are fixed on the trays. These operations are performed for the two tools, lower and upper.

La méthode exposée ci -dessus présente plusieurs inconvénients :

  • On doit immobiliser deux fours extérieurs à l'engin de forgeage.
  • Les transferts et l'assemblage de pièces chaudes génèrent des situa tions à risques pour les opérateurs.
  • L'assemblage des pièces chaudes nécessite des jeux importants entre les deux éléments, néfastes au bon fonctionnement.
  • Elle manque de souplesse lors d'incidents de fabrication avec interruption car il est alors nécessaire de démonter les outillages pour la réchauffe.
The method described above has several disadvantages:
  • Two furnaces must be immobilized outside the forging machine.
  • Transfers and assembly of hot parts generate risk situations for operators.
  • The assembly of hot parts requires significant play between the two elements, detrimental to the proper functioning.
  • It lacks flexibility during manufacturing incidents with interruption because it is then necessary to disassemble the tools for the heating.

Pour réduire les manipulations, on peut réaliser le chauffage des outillages au moyen d'une pièce dite martyre. Cependant la qualité de chauffe est très médiocre. On ne dispose d'aucun contrôle sur la température. On doit toujours immobiliser deux fours dont un à haute température pour la pièce martyre, de l'ordre de 1000°C.To reduce the manipulations, one can carry out the heating of the tools by means of a room known as martyr. However the quality of heating is very poor. There is no control over the temperature. We must always immobilize two furnaces, one at high temperature for the martyred piece, of the order of 1000 ° C.

Une autre méthode consisterait à chauffer les outillages sur place au moyen de rampes à gaz mais les essais ont montré comme précédemment une qualité de chauffe médiocre avec en outre un faible rendement.Another method would be to heat the tools on the spot by means of gas ramps but the tests have shown as previously poor quality of heating with low performance.

Le déposant s'est fixé comme objectif la mise au point d'un procédé de chauffage d'outillages d'engins ou presses de forgeage qui remédie aux inconvénients rapportés ci-dessus.The applicant has set itself the goal of developing a method of heating tooling machines or forging presses that overcomes the disadvantages reported above.

Conformément à l'invention le procédé de chauffage d'un outillage d'engin de forgeage comprenant un porte -insert et un insert présentant une face libre avec une empreinte de forgeage, en préparation à une opération de forgeage dans ledit engin de forgeage, est caractérisé par le fait que l'on dispose sur le porte -insert un élément de four comportant au moins un brûleur et une cheminée d'évacuation des gaz, formant avec ladite face de l'insert une enceinte de chauffage fermée , on chauffe ladite enceinte jusqu'à ce que l'insert atteigne une température déterminée, on retire l'élément de four. Avantageusement, on chauffe ladite enceinte par combustion d'un fluide de combustion à l'intérieur de celle -ci.According to the invention, the method of heating a forging machine tool comprising an insert holder and an insert having a free face with a forging cavity, in preparation for a forging operation in said forging machine, is characterized in that there is disposed on the insert-holder an oven element comprising at least one burner and a gas evacuation chimney, forming with said face of the insert a closed heating chamber, said enclosure is heated until the insert reaches a predetermined temperature, the furnace element is removed. Advantageously, said enclosure is heated by combustion of a combustion fluid inside thereof.

En particulier, l'élément de four amovible a pour fonction de surchauffer l'insert par rapport au porte-insert. De préférence on a chauffé au préalable l'ensemble du porte - insert et de l'insert dans une étuve jusqu'à une première température inférieure à ladite température déterminée.In particular, the removable oven element has the function of overheating the insert relative to the insert holder. Preferably, the assembly of the insert holder and the insert has been preheated in an oven to a first temperature below said predetermined temperature.

La solution de l'invention présente les avantages suivants :

  • On supprime les opérations d'assemblage à chaud de l'insert dans le porte - insert et on réduit les manipulations à chaud et les risques qui y sont associés.
  • Le temps d'immobilisation de l'engin de pression est réduit.
  • Par la formation d'une enceinte de chauffage à proximité immédiate de l'insert, on en assure un chauffage homogène, avec possibilité d'une régulation précise de la puissance de chauffe et de la montée en température.
  • En cas d'incident de fabrication e t d'interruption de l'opération de forgeage, il n'est pas nécessaire de démonter l'outillage pour la réchauffe, on peut la reprendre aisément.
    Le procédé permet notamment de s'adapter à chaque type et géométrie d'outillage.
    Ainsi conformément à une autre caractéristique, lorsque l'engin de forgeage comprend deux outillages avec chacun un porte -insert et un insert, on utilise un élément de four en forme d'anneau cylindrique. On place cet élément de four en appui entre les deux porte -inserts de manière à constituer ladite enceinte de chauffage.
    Lorsque l'outillage est à cavité profonde tel qu'un pot de filage, on utilise un élément de four en forme de cloche avec une paroi de fond. Cet élément est placé sur l'outillage de manière à constituer ladite encein te de chauffage.
    Conformément à une application particulièrement avantageuse du procédé, on profite du fait que les matériaux constituant l'insert et le porte -insert présentent des coefficients de dilatation différents. L'insert est notamment en superalli age de nickel et le porte-insert en acier. L'insert est monté dans le porte -insert de telle manière qu'il présente un jeu négatif, c'est à dire qu'il est fretté, lorsque l'insert est porté à ladite température déterminée, tout en étant démontable lorsqu'il revient à une température inférieure à la première température, notamment à la température ambiante.
The solution of the invention has the following advantages:
  • The hot assembly operations of the insert in the insert holder are eliminated and the hot handling and the risks associated with it are reduced.
  • The downtime of the pressure craft is reduced.
  • By forming a heating chamber in the immediate vicinity of the insert, it ensures homogeneous heating, with the possibility of precise control of the heating power and the rise in temperature.
  • In case of manufacturing incident and interruption of the forging operation, it is not necessary to disassemble the tooling for the heating, it can be taken easily.
    The method makes it possible to adapt to each type and geometry of tools.
    Thus, according to another characteristic, when the forging machine comprises two tools with a holder and insert each, a ring-shaped furnace element is used. This furnace element is placed in abutment between the two inserts-holders so as to constitute said heating enclosure.
    When the tool is deep cavity such as a spinning pot, a bell-shaped oven element with a bottom wall is used. This element is placed on the tooling so as to constitute said heating chamber.
    According to a particularly advantageous application of the method, it is advantageous that the materials constituting the insert and the insert holder have different coefficients of expansion. The insert is particularly superalli age nickel and steel insert holder. The insert is mounted in the insert holder in such a way that it has a negative clearance, that is to say that it is shrunk, when the insert is brought to said determined temperature, while being dismountable when returns to a temperature below the first temperature, especially at room temperature.

Les avantages de cette solution particulière, sont les suivants :The advantages of this particular solution are:

Par rapport aux outillages avec emploi de clavettes de blocage de la matrice dans le porte-insert,

  • on améliore la robustesse
  • on réduit la dispersion dans les cotes géométriques en supprimant les jeux,
  • on améliore la qualité et la géométrie des pièces forgées car l'insert est contenu fermement dans le porte -insert et les efforts sont repris par ce dernier.
    Elle permet de maintenir en outre la géométrie de l'insert lorsqu'il vient à présenter des criques. La sécurité et la durée de vie de l'insert en sont accrues. Enfin, elle permet de réduire les coûts de fabrication par la réduction de la quantité de superalliage nécessaire.
Compared to tools with the use of matrix locking keys in the insert holder,
  • we improve the robustness
  • we reduce the dispersion in the geometric dimensions by eliminating the games,
  • the quality and the geometry of the forgings are improved because the insert is firmly contained in the holder and the forces are taken up by the latter.
    It also maintains the geometry of the insert when it comes to present cracks. The safety and the lifetime of the insert are increased. Finally, it reduces manufacturing costs by reducing the amount of superalloy required.

L'invention porte aussi sur un élément de four amovible pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé ; conformément à une caractéristique, il comprend une paroi métallique, revêtue intérieurement d'une couche d'isolant, avec au moins un brûleur. De préférence, le brûleur est orienté tangentiellement de manière à produire un flux tourbillonnant le long de la paroi. L'élément comprend avantageusement un moyen d'évacuation des gaz de combustion.The invention also relates to a removable oven element for the implementation of the method; according to a feature, it comprises a metal wall, lined with an insulating layer, with at least one burner. Preferably, the burner is oriented tangentially to produce a swirling flow along the wall. The element advantageously comprises a means of evacuation of the combustion gases.

L'élément de four fait avantageusement partie d'un ensemble de chauffage amovible comprenant un moyen d'alimentation en fluides de combustion et un moyen de régulation de la puissance et du temps de chauffe.The furnace element is advantageously part of a removable heating assembly comprising a means for supplying combustion fluids and means for regulating the power and the heating time.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la descript ion qui suit d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention faisant référence aux dessins sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente, en coupe selon un plan vertical, une installation de chauffage conforme à une première application de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 montre l'élément de four de la figure 1, vu de dessus,
  • la figure 3 montre une installation pour une deuxième application de l'invention.
Other features and advantages will become apparent upon reading the following description of an embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents, in section along a vertical plane, a heating installation according to a first application of the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows the oven element of FIG. 1, viewed from above,
  • Figure 3 shows an installation for a second application of the invention.

On fabrique une pièce par forgeage, en plaçant une ébauche entre deux matrices comportant chacune une empreinte appropriée, puis en rapprochant ces dernières l'une vers l'autre avec une pression suffisante pour déformer l'ébauche jusqu'à obtenir une pièce dont la géométrie correspond à celle des empreintes.Forging is produced by placing a blank between two dies, each having an appropriate impression, and then bringing the latter closer to each other with a pressure sufficient to deform the blank to obtain a part whose geometry corresponds to that of the footprints.

On voit sur la figure 1 deux matrices 1 et 3 chacune avec une empreinte pour la fabrication d'une pièce, ici par exemple une disque de rotor de turbomachine aéronautique en alliage de titane. Les deux matrices ou inserts sont montés dans deux porte-inserts 11 et 13 respectivement. Les deux porte -inserts peuvent être constitués par assemblage de plusieurs parties, ici 11a et 11b, pour l'un, et 13a et 13b pour l'autre, ou bien être en une seule pièce chacun. L'ensemble insert 1 et porte-insert 11 constitue l'outillage inférieur 111. L'ensemble insert 3 et porte insert 13 constitue l'outillage supérieur 313. Pour les opérations de forgeage les deux outillages sont montés dans l'engin ou presse de forgeage qui n'est pas représenté. Cela est en soi bien connu. Pour ce qui concerne l'objet de l'invention tout type d'engin de forgeage par pression convient.FIG. 1 shows two matrices 1 and 3 each with an imprint for the manufacture of a part, here for example an aeronautical turbomachine rotor disc made of titanium alloy. The two matrices or inserts are mounted in two insert holders 11 and 13 respectively. The two inserts can be constituted by assembling several parts, here 11a and 11b, for one, and 13a and 13b for the other, or be in one piece each. The insert assembly 1 and insert holder 11 constitutes the lower tooling 111. The insert assembly 3 and the insert holder 13 constitutes the upper tooling 313. For the forging operations the two tools are mounted in the machine or forging press which is not represented. This is in itself well known. Regarding the object of the invention any type of forging gear by pressure is suitable.

L'installation de la figure 1 comprend un élément de four amovible 20 placé entre les deux outillages, de manière à constituer une enceinte formée. Cette enceinte est délimitée latéralement par la paroi de l'élément 20 et transver salement par les deux inserts 1 et 3. On observe que l'élément 20 est en appui vertical sur les parois verticales des deux porte -inserts 11 et 13 respectivement, de telle façon que ces dernières soient en dehors de l'enceinte.The installation of Figure 1 comprises a removable oven element 20 placed between the two tools, so as to form a formed enclosure. This enclosure is delimited laterally by the wall of the element 20 and passively cross by the two inserts 1 and 3. It is observed that the element 20 is in vertical support on the vertical walls of the two inserts 11 and 13 respectively, of such that the latter are outside the enclosure.

La paroi de l'élément de four comporte une ouverture à travers laquelle débouche un brûleur 30 dans l'enceinte. Le brûleur est alimenté en fluides pour la combustion par des tubes 31 et 32 flexibles raccordés à une unité d'alimentation 38, ici mobile. Cette unité comprend des moyen s 33 de commande en fluide, et des moyens 34 de contrôle de cette alimentation pour régler la puissance du chauffage avec éventuellement un moyen de régulation de la température. Par exemple la vanne d'alimentation en fluides pour la combustion peut être pilotée par un régulateur de température. Il s'agit de chauffer l'enceinte, de préférence le plus rapidement possible, de manière à réduire les déperditions de calories à travers la paroi du porte - insert.The wall of the furnace element has an opening through which a burner 30 opens into the enclosure. The burner is supplied with fluids for combustion by tubes 31 and 32 flexible connected to a feed unit 38, here mobile. This unit comprises fluid control means 33, and means 34 for controlling this power supply to adjust the power of the heating, possibly with a means for regulating the temperature. For example the fluid supply valve for combustion can be controlled by a temperature controller. This is to heat the enclosure, preferably as quickly as possible, so as to reduce heat loss through the wall of the insert holder.

La figure 2 montre l'élément 20, isolé et vu de de ssus. Cet élément comprend une paroi métallique 21 tapissée à l'intérieur d'un matériau isolant 22. Une ouverture 24 non radiale est ménagée dans la paroi et l'isolant. Le brûleur 30 est monté sur la paroi 21 et débouche dans l'ouverture.Figure 2 shows the element 20, isolated and viewed from above. This element comprises a metal wall 21 lined inside an insulating material 22. A non-radial opening 24 is formed in the wall and the insulator. The burner 30 is mounted on the wall 21 and opens into the opening.

Une deuxième ouverture traverse la paroi 21 et se raccorde à une cheminée 27 d'évacuation des gaz de combustion. On observe enfin que des oreilles 25 sont soudées sur la paroi 21 et forment des prises pour la manutention de l'élément de four.A second opening passes through the wall 21 and is connected to a chimney 27 for evacuation of the combustion gases. Finally, it is observed that ears 25 are welded to the wall 21 and form plugs for handling the furnace element.

On procède au chauffage de s outillages de la façon suivante :

  • On démonte les outillages inférieur et supérieur de la presse.
  • On préchauffe les outillages - insert et porte insert ensemble - dans une étuve à ladite première température. Celle -ci, lorsque le porte-insert est en acier, est entre 450 et 500°. Elle correspond au niveau de température que peut supporter le porte -insert sans dommage.
  • On remet en place les deux outillages dans la presse en les fixant sur leur plateau respectif.
  • On dispose l'élément de four amovible 20 sur le porte-insert inférieur. La géométrie de l'élément 20 est compatible avec celle de l'outillage.
  • On abaisse le plateau supérieur jusqu'à ce que l'outillage supérieur vienne dans la position de la figure 1. Le bord supérieur de la paroi de l'élément de four est en contact avec la partie verticale du porte -insert 13. On a formé ainsi une enceinte formée. Celle -ci est délimitée par la paroi de l'élément de four, d'une part, et par les deux inserts, d'autre part.
  • On commande l'alimentation du brûleur en fluide s de combustion, gaz et air. La flamme produite est tourbillonnante ce qui permet une bonne homogénéisation de la température. On fait en sorte que la température monte rapidement afin de réduire les pertes de chaleur par les porte - inserts.
  • Lorsque la température, 750°c pour le superalliage, est atteinte, on arrête le chauffage, et on retire l'élément de four.
  • La presse est prête pour effectuer le forgeage des pièces.
The tools are heated as follows:
  • We dismantle the lower and upper tools of the press.
  • The tools - insert and insert holder - are preheated in an oven at said first temperature. This, when the insert holder is steel, is between 450 and 500 °. It corresponds to the temperature level that can bear the door-insert without damage.
  • The two tools are put back into the press by fixing them on their respective plates.
  • The removable oven element 20 is disposed on the lower insert holder. The geometry of the element 20 is compatible with that of the tooling.
  • The upper plate is lowered until the upper tool comes into the position of Figure 1. The upper edge of the wall of the furnace element is in contact with the vertical portion of the insert holder 13. We have thus formed a formed enclosure. This is delimited by the wall of the furnace element, on the one hand, and by the two inserts, on the other hand.
  • The burner feed is controlled by combustion, gas and air fl uids. The flame produced is swirling which allows a good homogenization of the temperature. The temperature is increased rapidly to reduce heat loss through the inserts.
  • When the temperature, 750 ° C for the superalloy, is reached, the heating is stopped, and the furnace element is removed.
  • The press is ready to perform forging parts.

Conformément à un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux, les inserts 1 et 3 sont dimensionnés par rapport à leur logement dans leur porte -insert respectif, de telle manière qu'il existe un léger jeu à température ambiante. Ce jeu permet un montage et un démontage aisés des inserts.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the inserts 1 and 3 are sized relative to their housing in their respective insert holder, so that there is a slight play at room temperature. This game allows easy assembly and disassembly of the inserts.

Ce jeu est choisi, de préférence, de telle manière qu'il est absorbé lorsque les outillages sortent de l'étuve à la première température, entre 450 et 500°C.This clearance is chosen, preferably, so that it is absorbed when the tools leave the oven at the first temperature, between 450 and 500 ° C.

Ensuite lorsque l'on surchauffe les inserts par la méthode ci -dessus, ceux-ci continuent à se dilater, et ils viennent se fretter dans le porte -insert. Le jeu est dit négatif Ils forment un ensemble très résistant aux contraintes subies lors du forgeage de pièces.Then, when the inserts are overheated by the above method, they continue to expand, and they come to collapse in the door-insert. The game is said to be negative They form a very resistant set to the stresses undergone during the forging of parts.

L'invention ne se limite pas à l'application qui vient d'être décrite.The invention is not limited to the application that has just been described.

La figure 3 montre schématiquement une application du procédé de l'invention à la surchauffe d'un insert présentant une gravure profonde. Il peut s'agir d'un pot de filage.Figure 3 schematically shows an application of the method of the invention to the overheating of an insert having a deep etch. It can be a spinning pot.

L'outillage 200 est constitué d'un porte -insert 210, en acier par exemple, en forme de pot cylindrique avec un fond, contenant un insert 201 en su peralliage. L'insert 201 recouvre la paroi intérieure du pot. La forme est prévue pour permettre l'introduction d'un poinçon, verticalement dans le pot pour l'extrusion d'un métal qui se trouve dans le fond du pot.The tool 200 consists of an inset holder 210, made of steel, for example, in the form of a cylindrical pot with a bottom, containing an insert 201 in su permalling. The insert 201 covers the inner wall of the pot. The shape is intended to allow the introduction of a punch, vertically in the pot for the extrusion of a metal that is in the bottom of the pot.

Pendant l'opération de chauffe le pot n e comprend pas le poinçon ni aucune pièce.During the heating operation the pot does not include the punch or any part.

Afin d'assurer la surchauffe de l'insert 201, on a placé un élément de four amovible 120 en forme de cloche, en appui sur le rebord du porte -insert 210. L'élément 120 est constitué d'une paroi métallique 121 cylindrique, revêtue d'un isolant 122, et d'une paroi transversale de fond 123. Le diamètre est déterminé par celui du porte - insert. Sur cette paroi 123, on voit un brûleur 130 avec ses tubes d'alimentation en fluides de combustion. Le brûleur 130 se prolonge vers le fond du pot par un tube 131, de telle manière que la combustion se produise aussi près que possible du fond de l'insert. On a représenté par les flèches la circulation des gaz de combustion chaud le long de la face interne de l'insert. Ceux -ci s'évacuent ensuite par la cheminée 127 fixée sur la paroi 121.In order to ensure that the insert 201 is overheated, a bell-shaped removable oven element 120 is placed in abutment on the edge of the insert holder 210. The element 120 consists of a cylindrical metal wall 121 , coated with an insulator 122, and a bottom cross wall 123. The diameter is determined by that of the insert holder. On this wall 123, there is a burner 130 with its combustion fluid supply tubes. The burner 130 extends to the bottom of the pot by a tube 131, so that the combustion occurs as close as possible to the bottom of the insert. The arrows show the circulation of the hot combustion gases along the inner face of the insert. These are then evacuated by the chimney 127 fixed on the wall 121.

Lorsqu'il s'agit de surchauffer l'insert en superalliage par rapport au porte -insert. 210, on utilise l'élément de four 120 en le plaçant sur le pot 200 de manière à constituer une enceinte fermé e, définie par l'insert 201 d'une part et l'intérieur de la cloche 120 d'autre part. On produit une combustion dans l'enceinte de manière à chauffer l'insert et à le porter jusqu'à la température désirée. Lorsque la température est atteinte, on retire la c loche 120 et on procède à l'opération de forgeage.When it comes to overheating the superalloy insert relative to the insert holder. 210, the furnace element 120 is used by placing it on the pot 200 so as to constitute a closed enclosure e, defined by the insert 201 on the one hand and the inside of the bell 120 on the other hand. A combustion is produced in the enclosure so as to heat the insert and to bring it up to the desired temperature. When the temperature is reached, the cowl 120 is removed and the forging operation is carried out.

Claims (11)

Procédé de chauffage d'un outillage d'engin de forgeage comprenant un porte-insert et un insert présentant une face libre avec une empreinte de forgeage, en préparation à une opération d e forgeage dans ledit engin de forgeage, caractérisé par le fait que l'on dispose sur le porte -insert (11, 13, 200) un élément de four (20, 120) comportant au moins un brûleur et une cheminée d'évacuation des gaz, formant avec ladite face de l'insert (1, 3 , 201) une enceinte de chauffage fermée, on chauffe ladite enceinte jusqu'à ce que l'insert (1, 3, 201) atteigne une température déterminée, on retire l'élément de four (20, 120).A method of heating a forging machine tool comprising an insert holder and an insert having a free face with a forging impression, in preparation for a forging operation in said forging machine, characterized in that the a furnace element (20, 120) is provided on the holder (11, 13, 200) comprising at least one burner and a gas evacuation shaft, forming with said face of the insert (1, 3, 201) a closed heating chamber, said enclosure is heated until the insert (1, 3, 201) reaches a predetermined temperature, the oven element (20, 120) is removed. Procédé selon la revendication 1, selon lequel on chauffe ladite enceinte par combustion d'un fluide de combustion à l'intérieur de celle -ci.The method of claim 1, wherein said enclosure is heated by combustion of a combustion fluid therein. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, selon lequel on chauffe au préalable l'ensemble (111, 313, 200) du porte -insert et de l'insert dans une étuve jusqu'à une première température inférieure à ladite température déterminée.A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the assembly (111, 313, 200) of the insert holder and the insert is preheated in an oven to a first temperature below said determined temperature. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, selon lequel, l'engin de forgeage comprenant deux outillages (111, 313) avec chacun un porte -insert (11, 13) et un insert (1, 3), et ledit élément (20) étant en forme d'an neau cylindrique, on place l'élément (20) en appui entre les deux porte -inserts (11, 13) de manière à constituer ladite enceinte de chauffage.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the forging machine comprises two tools (111, 313) with each a holder-insert (11, 13) and an insert (1, 3), and said element (20) being in the form of a cylindrical ring, the element (20) is placed in abutment between the two inserts (11, 13) so as to constitute said heating chamber. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, selon lequel l'outillage (200) étant un pot de filage, et ledit élément (120) étant en forme de cloche avec une paroi de fond, on place l'élément sur le pot de filage de manière à constituer ladite enceinte de chauffage.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tool (200) being a spinning pot, and said element (120) being bell-shaped with a bottom wall, the element is placed on the pot of spinning so as to constitute said heating chamber. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel les matériaux constituant l'insert (1, 3, 201) et le porte-insert (11, 13,210) ayant des coefficients de dilatation différents, sont disposés l'un par rapport à l'autre de manière à présenter un jeu négatif lorsque l'insert est à ladite température déterminée tout en étant démontable lorsqu'il est à une température inférieure à la première température, notamment à la température ambiante.Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the materials constituting the insert (1, 3, 201) and the insert holder (11, 13, 210) having different expansion coefficients, are arranged relative to one another. other so as to present a negative clearance when the insert is at said determined temperature while being removable when it is at a temperature below the first temperature, especially at room temperature. Elément de four amovible (20, 120) pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 comprenant une paroi (21, 210) métallique revêtue intérieurement d'une couche (22, 2010) d'isolant avec au moins un brûleur (30, 130) et un moyen (27, 127) d'évacuation des gaz de combustion .Detachable furnace element (20, 120) for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a wall (21, 210) of metal coated internally with a layer (22, 2010) of insulator with minus one burner (30, 130) and means (27, 127) for evacuating the combustion gases. Elément de four amovible selon la revendication 7 dont le brûleur (30) est orienté tangentiellement de manière à produire un flux tourbillonnant le long de la paroi.Removable furnace element according to claim 7 wherein the burner (30) is oriented tangentially to produce a swirling flow along the wall. Elément de four amovible selon l'une des revendications 7 et 8 de forme annulaire.Removable oven element according to one of claims 7 and 8 of annular form. Elément de four amovible selon l'une des revendications 7 et 8 en forme de cloche.Removable oven element according to one of claims 7 and 8 in the form of a bell. Ensemble de chauffage amovible comprenant un élément de four amovible selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, un moyen d'alimentation en fluides de combustion et un moyen de régulation de la puissance et du temps de chauffe.Removable heating assembly comprising a removable oven element according to one of claims 7 to 10, a combustion fluid supply means and a means for controlling the power and the heating time.
EP05109918A 2004-10-25 2005-10-24 Method of heating forging tools in a forging device, and releasable furnace element for heating such tools Active EP1649949B1 (en)

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FR0452436A FR2876930B1 (en) 2004-10-25 2004-10-25 METHOD FOR HEATING FORGING MACHINES, FORGING TOOLS AND REMOVABLE OVEN MEMBER FOR HEATING SUCH TOOLS

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RU2464120C1 (en) * 2011-01-25 2012-10-20 Открытое акционерное общество Акционерная холдинговая компания "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский институт металлургического машиностроения имени академика Целикова" (ОАО АХК "ВНИИМЕТМАШ") Die assembly for isothermal forging
CN101920303B (en) * 2009-06-11 2013-01-02 瓦房店世强轴承制造有限公司 Gasification forging continuous reheating furnace
CN103949576A (en) * 2014-03-31 2014-07-30 苏州优金金属成型科技有限公司 Cooling device for forging and machining gear
CN104759575A (en) * 2009-06-08 2015-07-08 Ati资产公司 Forging die heating apparatuses and methods for use
WO2015040203A3 (en) * 2013-09-23 2016-06-23 Seftec Limited An ignition system
CN108555160A (en) * 2018-04-13 2018-09-21 武汉理工大学 The hanging heating furnace of drop stamping suitable for steel aluminium Flexible production applied to drop stamping
CN116890086A (en) * 2023-09-08 2023-10-17 章丘重型锻造有限公司 Clamping manipulator for high-temperature forging

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CN104759575B (en) * 2009-06-08 2019-09-17 冶联科技地产有限责任公司 Forging die heating equipment and using method
CN101920303B (en) * 2009-06-11 2013-01-02 瓦房店世强轴承制造有限公司 Gasification forging continuous reheating furnace
RU2464172C1 (en) * 2011-01-25 2012-10-20 Открытое акционерное общество Акционерная холдинговая компания "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский институт металлургического машиностроения имени академика Целикова" (АОА АХК "ВНИИМЕТМАШ") Heating unit of dies for large-size product isothermal forging
RU2464120C1 (en) * 2011-01-25 2012-10-20 Открытое акционерное общество Акционерная холдинговая компания "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский институт металлургического машиностроения имени академика Целикова" (ОАО АХК "ВНИИМЕТМАШ") Die assembly for isothermal forging
WO2015040203A3 (en) * 2013-09-23 2016-06-23 Seftec Limited An ignition system
CN103949576A (en) * 2014-03-31 2014-07-30 苏州优金金属成型科技有限公司 Cooling device for forging and machining gear
CN108555160A (en) * 2018-04-13 2018-09-21 武汉理工大学 The hanging heating furnace of drop stamping suitable for steel aluminium Flexible production applied to drop stamping
CN116890086A (en) * 2023-09-08 2023-10-17 章丘重型锻造有限公司 Clamping manipulator for high-temperature forging
CN116890086B (en) * 2023-09-08 2023-11-24 章丘重型锻造有限公司 Clamping manipulator for high-temperature forging

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FR2876930B1 (en) 2008-05-09
RU2398650C2 (en) 2010-09-10
EP1649949B1 (en) 2007-12-12
US7254978B2 (en) 2007-08-14
DE602005003751T2 (en) 2008-11-27
US20060086169A1 (en) 2006-04-27
FR2876930A1 (en) 2006-04-28
RU2005132921A (en) 2007-04-27
DE602005003751D1 (en) 2008-01-24

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